CN106688746A - Culture method for rice and crab symbiosis - Google Patents
Culture method for rice and crab symbiosis Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN106688746A CN106688746A CN201611008267.0A CN201611008267A CN106688746A CN 106688746 A CN106688746 A CN 106688746A CN 201611008267 A CN201611008267 A CN 201611008267A CN 106688746 A CN106688746 A CN 106688746A
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- rice
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a culture method for rice and crab symbiosis in the field of ecological aquaculture. The culture method comprises the following steps that 1, a rice field water inlet-outlet channel and an isolation net are arranged; 2, rice field processing is performed before rice seedling transplantation; 3, a crab hiding place is arranged; 4, juvenile crabs are put and processed; 5, daily rice field management is performed. Water, rice, crabs and water hyacinths are integrated into a mutual relevant body by arranging the rice field water inlet-outlet channel, the crab hiding place and the isolation net, then performing rice field disinfection treatment before rice seedling transplantation and putting a proper quantity of juvenile crabs and water hyacinths, growth of rice and crabs is promoted, and the rice field yield per unit area is remarkably improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to ecological aquaculture cultivation field, more particularly to a kind of cultural method of rice crab symbiosis.
Background technology
Paddy rice originates in China, has had the plantation history of more than 7,000 years in China.Paddy rice knot is paddy, paddy
(grain) claims rice, scented rice, rice after shelling, and because the eating method of rice is varied, there is rice, congee, rice cake, rice cake,
Rice wine etc., while having the characteristics of nutritious, smell is fragrant and sweet；So that nearly half population in the world, is food all with rice.
However, because chemical fertilizer during Rice Production and a large amount of of agricultural chemicals use, paddy environment is generally contaminated, to water
Rice high yield and safety in production constitute huge threat.The use of a large amount of agrochemical products, also results in rice field bio-diversity
Destruction, the accumulation of organic and heavy metallic poison material, rice safe mass declines.According to the Ministry of Agriculture in recent years to national market
The Examined of rice safety, the heavy metal and pollution by pesticides of rice is fairly common.
For such case, occur in that carries out the kind breeding way of symbiosis cultivation using aquatic animal and paddy rice at present；Its
In it is relatively conventional with the symbiosis of rice crab, rice fish mutualism.Such as Publication No. CN1666601, patent name is for " one kind utilizes ecological regulation and control
In the method for raising crabs in paddy field " patent document describe by rice crab symbiosis, reduce agricultural chemicals, the ecological Rice Cropping of fertilizer application
Mode.Its specific method is：1. enclosure is first carried out to rice field, is then intake in mid-April, four months bottoms complete to rake the soil level, May
The middle ten days completes rice transplanting, first to impose base manure, major part fertilizer before raking the soil level to rice field, and urea fertilizer has been applied before June 15 then,
Total fertilizer application amount control is 50% or so of normal dose；2. rice transplanting：Before rice transplanting by rice field dig out 60~80 centimetres it is deep, 80~
100 centimetres wide of " ring " shape or sphere of movements for the elephants shape ditch, the area of ditch accounts for the 20~30% of rice area, then carries out rice transplanting, rice shoot
Density is advisable with 30 × 20 centimetres；3. the anti-escape wall of crab is constructed in rice field surrounding；4. dispenser juvenile crab, after annual May, i.e., in rice transplanting
For juvenile crab is delivered the initial stage after one week, first to new water is put into rice field before input, juvenile crab is then taken out into input from storage pond, holding pond again
Put in a suitable place to breed in rice field；5. juvenile crab feeds management, and feedstuff feeding will be conducive to river crab, aquatic animals and plants and paddy rice living environment
And in rice field harmony ecological environment, bait twice is fed daily, fed intake by its river crab body weight 1% during nursing；6. late September~10
The beginning of the month is the river crab trapping period before rice harvesting.
By such kind of breeding way, hence it is evident that reduce the use of chemical fertilizer and agricultural chemicals, but there is following point：1st, its
There is still a need for using more chemical fertilizer, the water quality of paddy field of having exerted one's influence of chemical fertilizer before rice transplanting, so as to influence paddy rice and river crab
Quality.2nd, 80~100 centimetres of furrow width, the area of ditch accounts for the 20~30% of rice area so that irrigation canals and ditches are more concentrated, and causes river crab
The excrement of generation is difficult to flow to extensively the root of paddy rice everywhere, and river crab excreta utilization rate is too low.3rd, lack and necessary hide
Place, crab is easily under attack during shelling, and causes crab yield reduction.
The content of the invention
The invention is intended to provide a kind of cultural method of rice crab symbiosis, with solve prior art because fertilising, irrigation canals and ditches facility not
Rationally and lack and necessary hide place and cause paddy rice and crab to be produced effects the problem of reduction.
A kind of cultural method of the rice crab symbiosis in this programme, comprises the following steps：
Step one：The irrigation canals and ditches of deep 30 ~ 35cm, 60 ~ 70cm wide are set along the inwall of rice field ridge, then uniformly depth is dug out in rice field
The a plurality of circulation ditch of 65 ~ 70cm, 15 ~ 20cm wide, a plurality of circulation ditch composition is latticed, and the area of the ditch that circulates accounts for the 15 of rice field area
~ 18%, water transport port is offered on irrigation canals and ditches, water transport port is communicated with every circulation ditch two ends, is provided between adjacent flow thorough cut for current stream
Go out the mozzle in rice field, mozzle is provided with the separation net for preventing crab from fleeing, and mozzle sets away from 20 ~ 30cm of irrigation canals and ditches on irrigation canals and ditches
It is equipped with the isolated column for preventing crab from fleeing；
Step 2：10 ~ 15 days before rice transplanting, to the surface spreading quick lime in rice field, quick lime consumption is 500 ~ 600kg/hm2,
To farm manure is applied in rice field, farm manure usage amount is 700 ~ 900kg/hm2, and farm manure is away from ground within 10 ~ 12 days after spreading quick lime
10 ~ 20cm of face；
Step 3：Water transport port is offered on irrigation canals and ditches, water transport port is communicated with every circulation ditch two ends；
Step 4：To juvenile crab is delivered in rice field, juvenile crab injected volume is 20000 ~ 21000/hm2, crab within 2 ~ 3 days after water hyacinth dispensing
Seedling uses 4 ~ 6% 4 ~ 5min of salt water dipping bath sterilization before delivering；
Step 5：Early September~late September is the crab trapping period before rice harvesting, capture, rice harvesting from rice transplanting to crab
Management during, it is 30 ~ 50cm × ~ 40 ~ 50cm to keep water hyacinth density, notes keeping the cleaning of rice water in field, emphasis paddy rice,
The preventing and treating of crab disease.
The operation principle and beneficial effect of this programme：Rice field is carried out disinfection using quick lime before rice transplanting, helps to eliminate
Germ in rice field, while being rice field supplementing calcium element, calcium constituent can reduce or prevent the soft-shell disease of crab, while being paddy rice
Growth provides necessary nutrient, while quick lime makes rice field in alkalescent, contributes to the growth of juvenile crab.
After quick lime is delivered, farm manure is applied to rice field, farm manure can reduce the muddy of rice water in field away from 10 ~ 20cm of ground
Turbid degree, the root lower section of paddy rice is located at due to farm manure, reduces washing away for current, is conducive to suction of the paddy rice to nutrient
Receive, extend its fertilizer efficiency time, while the addition of farm manure is conducive to the growth of planktonic organism, planktonic organism carries for the growth of juvenile crab
Necessary food has been supplied, the yield of crab has been favorably improved.
3 ~ 5 days after rice transplanting, now a large amount of nitrogens in farm manure exist in the form of ammoniacal nitrogen, be there is also in rice field compared with
Many carbon dioxide, to water hyacinth is thrown in the centre region of rice field, water hyacinth can effectively absorb ammoniacal nitrogen and carbon dioxide, make rice
Water in field keeps cleaning, and the edible water hyacinth of crab can absorb the vitamin c in water hyacinth, contribute to the growth of juvenile crab.Meanwhile,
, it is necessary to frequently shelling promotes growth in crab growth course, and the crab in de-hulling process is easily under attack, by rice
Water hyacinth is delivered in the centre region in field, can hide place for crab shelling is provided, and is reduced under attack during crab shells
Situation, is favorably improved the yield of crab；And the volume that the holding of the predominance of crab, its excreta and shelling can be paddy rice is given birth to
It is long that necessary nutrient is provided, improve the yield of paddy rice.Because the speed of growth of water hyacinth is very fast, by management, water is controlled
Cucurbit density is 30 ~ 50cm × ~ 40 ~ 50cm, and can be formed hide place during crab shells, and be favorably improved rice water in field
Cleannes, moreover it is possible to avoid the excessive water hyacinth from influenceing the growth of paddy rice.
Uniform in rice field to dig out deep 65 ~ 70cm, a plurality of circulation ditch of 15 ~ 20cm wide, a plurality of circulation ditch constitutes latticed, stream
The area of thorough cut accounts for the 15 ~ 18% of rice field area, significantly reduces the rice field area of raceway groove occupancy, more rice fields is used for
Rice cultivation.Simultaneously because circulation ditch narrows, and between being distributed in more paddy rice, contribute to nutriment in the stream to field
It is dynamic；The oxygen content of current is increased simultaneously, contributes to the growth of crab.
The irrigation canals and ditches of deep 30 ~ 35cm, 60 ~ 70cm wide are set along the inwall of rice field ridge so that irrigation canals and ditches can be to the surrounding in rice field
Irrigated, circulation ditch two ends are corresponding with the water transport port opened up on irrigation canals and ditches, and the clear water in irrigation canals and ditches is by the ditch that circulates to rice field
Centre is converged, and rice field centre is the place of crab shelling, and more nutriment is have accumulated there, and current are converged herein
Afterwards, during mozzle is passed back into, its nutriment for carrying is diffused into paddy rice everywhere, improves the profit of nutriment
With rate, the yield of paddy rice is favorably improved, while avoiding crab excreta in the excessive aggregation of rice field centre, is conducive to crab
The growth of crab.
Further, the crab is rice field crab.Rice field crab has nutritive value and earned value higher, can significantly improve
The unit in rice field is produced effects rate.
Further, the dispensing of water hyacinth accounts for the 20 ~ 25% of rice field area with rice field centre to external expansion and area.Water calabash
The dispensing area of reed accounts for the 20 ~ 25% of rice field area, on the one hand can well absorb carbon dioxide and ammonium nitrogen in the current of rice field
Deng unfavorable gas is grown to crab, the oxygen for being conducive to crab to grow is discharged；Excessive water hyacinth is avoided to absorb nutrient simultaneously,
Growth to paddy rice is adversely affected.
Further, during the management of step 5, the water in rice field is changed once for every 2 ~ 3 days.Crab is in young period every 3 ~ 5
It can shell once, and the water of replacing in every 2 ~ 3 days helps to maintain the cleaning of rice water in field, is conducive to the breathing of paddy rice and crab
Act on and improve its quality.
Further, during the management in step 5, rice field introduces running water by the way that irrigation canals and ditches are uninterrupted from water head site.Keep running water
State can significantly improve the growing environment of crab, and the quality to improving crab has very big benefit.
Specific embodiment
Below by specific embodiment, the present invention is further detailed explanation：
Embodiment 1：
A kind of cultural method of rice crab symbiosis, comprises the following steps：
Step one：Along the inwall of rice field ridge, the irrigation canals and ditches of depth 30cm, width 70cm are set, then uniformly dug out in rice field deep 65cm,
The a plurality of circulation ditch of 20cm wide, a plurality of circulation ditch composition is latticed, and the area of the ditch that circulates accounts for the 18% of rice field area, is opened on irrigation canals and ditches
Water transport port is provided with, water transport port is communicated with every circulation ditch two ends, the water conservancy diversion that rice field is flowed out for current is provided between adjacent flow thorough cut
Pipe, mozzle is provided with the separation net for preventing rice field crab flight, and mozzle is provided with for preventing away from 20 ~ 30cm of irrigation canals and ditches on irrigation canals and ditches
The isolated column that only rice field crab is fled；
Step 2：10 ~ 15 days before rice transplanting, to the surface spreading quick lime in rice field, quick lime consumption is 500kg/hm2, spreading
Farm manure usage amount is 700kg/hm2 to applying farm manure in rice field within 10 ~ 12 days after quick lime, farm manure away from ground 10 ~
20cm；
Step 3：To water hyacinth is thrown in the centre region of rice field, the dispensing of water hyacinth is outside with rice field centre within 3 ~ 5 days after rice transplanting
Extend and area accounts for the 20% of rice field area, water hyacinth density is 50cm × 50cm；
Step 4：To rice field crab juvenile crab is delivered in rice field, juvenile crab injected volume is 20000/hm2, crab within 2 ~ 3 days after water hyacinth dispensing
Seedling uses 4 ~ 6% 4 ~ 5min of salt water dipping bath sterilization before delivering；
Step 5：Early September~late September is the crab trapping period before rice harvesting, capture, rice harvesting from rice transplanting to crab
Management during, it is 30 ~ 50cm × ~ 40 ~ 50cm to keep water hyacinth density, focuses on paddy rice, the preventing and treating of crab disease, keeps rice field
In every 2 ~ 3 days of water change once.
Embodiment 2：
A kind of cultural method of rice crab symbiosis, comprises the following steps：
Step one：Along the inwall of rice field ridge, the irrigation canals and ditches of depth 35cm, width 60cm are set, then uniformly dug out in rice field deep 70cm,
The a plurality of circulation ditch of 15cm wide, a plurality of circulation ditch composition is latticed, and the area of the ditch that circulates accounts for the 15% of rice field area, is opened on irrigation canals and ditches
Water transport port is provided with, water transport port is communicated with every circulation ditch two ends, the water conservancy diversion that rice field is flowed out for current is provided between adjacent flow thorough cut
Pipe, mozzle is provided with the separation net for preventing rice field crab flight, and mozzle is provided with for preventing away from 20 ~ 30cm of irrigation canals and ditches on irrigation canals and ditches
The isolated column that only rice field crab is fled；
Step 2：10 ~ 15 days before rice transplanting, to the surface spreading quick lime in rice field, quick lime consumption is 600kg/hm2, spreading
Farm manure usage amount is 900kg/hm2 to applying farm manure in rice field within 10 ~ 12 days after quick lime, farm manure away from ground 10 ~
20cm；
Step 3：To water hyacinth is thrown in the centre region of rice field, the dispensing of water hyacinth is outside with rice field centre within 3 ~ 5 days after rice transplanting
Extend and area accounts for the 25% of rice field area, water hyacinth density is 50cm × 50cm；
Step 4：To rice field crab juvenile crab is delivered in rice field, juvenile crab injected volume is 21000/hm2, crab within 2 ~ 3 days after water hyacinth dispensing
Seedling uses 4 ~ 6% 4 ~ 5min of salt water dipping bath sterilization before delivering；
Step 5：Early September~late September is the crab trapping period before rice harvesting, capture, rice harvesting from rice transplanting to crab
Management during, it is 30 ~ 50cm × ~ 40 ~ 50cm to keep water hyacinth density, focuses on paddy rice, the preventing and treating of crab disease, during management
Rice field introduces running water by the way that irrigation canals and ditches are uninterrupted from water head site.
Experimental comparison：
Compared with the method that the patent of Publication No. CN1666601 is used（Using the similar rice field of soil property, paddy rice, crab kind
All same is consistent using water source）, using rice crab symbiotic cultivation method of the invention, every mu can increase by 2 ~ 3kg of rice yield, rice
2 ~ 4kg of field crab；While the content of beary metal detected in paddy rice and rice field crab is lower, quality is more preferable.
Above-described is only embodiments of the invention, and the general knowledge such as known concrete structure and characteristic is not made herein in scheme
Excessive description.It should be pointed out that for a person skilled in the art, on the premise of structure of the present invention is not departed from, can be with
Some deformations and improvement are made, these should also be considered as protection scope of the present invention, these are implemented all without the influence present invention
Effect and practical applicability.This application claims protection domain should be defined by the content of its claim, in specification
Specific embodiment etc. records the content that can be used for explaining claim.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of cultural method of rice crab symbiosis, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
Step one：The irrigation canals and ditches of deep 30 ~ 35cm, 60 ~ 70cm wide are set along the inwall of rice field ridge, then uniformly depth is dug out in rice field
The a plurality of circulation ditch of 65 ~ 70cm, 15 ~ 20cm wide, a plurality of circulation ditch composition is latticed, and the area of the ditch that circulates accounts for the 15 of rice field area
~ 18%, water transport port is offered on irrigation canals and ditches, water transport port is communicated with every circulation ditch two ends, is provided between adjacent flow thorough cut for current stream
Go out the mozzle in rice field, mozzle is provided with the separation net for preventing crab from fleeing, and mozzle sets away from 20 ~ 30cm of irrigation canals and ditches on irrigation canals and ditches
It is equipped with the isolated column for preventing crab from fleeing；
Step 2：10 ~ 15 days before rice transplanting, to the surface spreading quick lime in rice field, quick lime consumption is 500 ~ 600kg/hm2,
To farm manure is applied in rice field, farm manure usage amount is 700 ~ 900kg/hm2, and farm manure is away from ground within 10 ~ 12 days after spreading quick lime
10 ~ 20cm of face；
Step 3：3 ~ 5 days interception bar limitation water surface calabashes to water hyacinth is thrown in the centre region of rice field and by floating after rice transplanting
Reed drifts about, and water hyacinth density is 50cm × 50cm；
Step 4：To juvenile crab is delivered in rice field, juvenile crab injected volume is 20000 ~ 21000/hm2, crab within 2 ~ 3 days after water hyacinth dispensing
Seedling uses 4 ~ 6% 4 ~ 5min of salt water dipping bath sterilization before delivering；
Step 5：Early September~late September is the crab trapping period before rice harvesting, capture, rice harvesting from rice transplanting to crab
Management during, it is 30 ~ 50cm × ~ 40 ~ 50cm to keep water hyacinth density, notes keeping the cleaning of rice water in field, emphasis paddy rice,
The preventing and treating of crab disease.
2. the cultural method of rice crab symbiosis according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The crab is rice field crab.
3. the cultural method of rice crab symbiosis according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterised in that：The dispensing of water hyacinth is with rice field
Centre accounts for the 20 ~ 25% of rice field area to external expansion and area.
4. the cultural method of rice crab symbiosis according to claim 3, it is characterised in that：During the management of step 5, rice field
In every 2 ~ 3 days of water change once.
5. the cultural method of rice crab symbiosis according to claim 3, it is characterised in that：During management in step 5, rice
Field introduces running water by the way that irrigation canals and ditches are uninterrupted from water head site.
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| CN201611008267.0A CN106688746A (en) | 2016-11-16 | 2016-11-16 | Culture method for rice and crab symbiosis |
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| CN201611008267.0A CN106688746A (en) | 2016-11-16 | 2016-11-16 | Culture method for rice and crab symbiosis |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108651344A (en) * | 2018-05-16 | 2018-10-16 | 重庆昊王粮油有限责任公司 | A kind of method of raising crabs in paddy field |
| CN109220927A (en) * | 2018-10-29 | 2019-01-18 | 安徽徽名山农业股份有限公司 | A kind of method of paddy field intercropping crab |
| CN109220928A (en) * | 2018-10-29 | 2019-01-18 | 安徽徽名山农业股份有限公司 | The cultural method of crab |
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| CN101773088A (en) * | 2010-02-25 | 2010-07-14 | 上海市农业科学院 | Farmland ricefield eel cultivating method |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108651344A (en) * | 2018-05-16 | 2018-10-16 | 重庆昊王粮油有限责任公司 | A kind of method of raising crabs in paddy field |
| CN109220927A (en) * | 2018-10-29 | 2019-01-18 | 安徽徽名山农业股份有限公司 | A kind of method of paddy field intercropping crab |
| CN109220928A (en) * | 2018-10-29 | 2019-01-18 | 安徽徽名山农业股份有限公司 | The cultural method of crab |
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Application publication date: 20170524 |