CN107231989B - Method for culturing fish in rice field by using biogas manure under rice and fish symbiotic mode - Google Patents
Method for culturing fish in rice field by using biogas manure under rice and fish symbiotic mode Download PDFInfo
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- CN107231989B CN107231989B CN201710572892.6A CN201710572892A CN107231989B CN 107231989 B CN107231989 B CN 107231989B CN 201710572892 A CN201710572892 A CN 201710572892A CN 107231989 B CN107231989 B CN 107231989B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for culturing fish in a rice field by using biogas manure under a rice and fish symbiotic mode, which comprises the following steps: s1, rice field finishing and disinfecting; s2, applying a base fertilizer; s3, transplanting seedlings; s4, excavating a fish ditch; s5, sprinkling biogas liquid fertilizer; s6, putting the fry; s7, sprinkling biogas liquid fertilizer; s8, topdressing; s9, daily management: periodically measuring the dissolved oxygen in the water body, the pH value and the hydrogen sulfide to ensure that the dissolved oxygen in the water body in the seedling bed is not lower than 8mg/L and the pH is 6.6-7.2; s10, harvesting: harvesting after the rice is mature, and fishing the fishes after the fishes grow mature. The invention has the beneficial effects that: the biogas fertilizer is used for culturing fish in the rice field, so that the fertilizer efficiency of the rice is improved, the yield of the rice is increased, the income of fish in the rice field is increased, the income of farmers is increased, and the effective utilization rate of the biogas fertilizer is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of aquaculture, in particular to a method for culturing fish in a rice field by using biogas manure under a rice and fish symbiotic mode.
Background
The utilization of rice field fish culture in the rice and fish symbiotic mode is an agricultural comprehensive production mode with higher benefit, and is vigorously developed in various places. The method has the advantages that fish are cultured on the water surface of the rice field, fish products can be obtained, pests and weeds in the rice field can be eaten by the fish, manure is excreted, soil is turned over to promote fertilizer decomposition, good conditions are created for rice growth, and the existing fish culture in the rice field has the following problems: (1) the rice can not achieve the ideal purpose of increasing the yield of the rice for fish culture in the rice field due to insufficient fertilizer efficiency; (2) the fish in the rice field usually grows slowly due to insufficient food sources, usually can grow to the standard of sale after several months, misses the best sale opportunity, causes the farmers to suffer loss, and in addition, pathogens easily exist in the water area environment of the fish body, so that the fish body is inconvenient to treat in time once infected with diseases.
In addition, the biogas fertilizer consists of biogas slurry and biogas residues. Biogas slurry and slag are collectively called biogas manure, are products of biomass anaerobic fermentation in a biogas digester, and have low effective utilization rate. The biogas fertilizer is biogas residue and biogas slurry fermented in a biogas pool, is an organic fertilizer source with no pollution, no infectious microbes, no residual toxicity and high fertilizer efficiency, and can produce high-quality agricultural products. It contains various bioactive substances, and has the functions of advancing seed germination, enhancing crop stress resistance and preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests; and is rich in nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and the like, and is a recognized organic fertilizer; and the soil conditioner also contains organic matters and humic acid, and can play a role in improving soil. The biogas manure is utilized in a rice and fish symbiotic mode, so that the problem of subsequent treatment of biogas manure fermentation can be solved, and the problem of fish culture in the existing rice field can be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art, and provides a method for culturing fish in a rice field by using biogas manure under a rice and fish symbiotic mode, which can improve the fertilizer efficiency of rice, promote the increase of the yield of the rice and the income of fish in the rice field, increase the income of farmers, and improve the effective utilization rate of the biogas manure.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a method for culturing fish in a rice field by using biogas manure in a rice and fish symbiotic mode comprises the following steps:
s1, rice field finishing and disinfecting; selecting field blocks with sufficient water source and perfect field irrigation and drainage channels as seedling fields, and disinfecting 20-30 days before transplanting seedlings, wherein the area of each rice field is not less than 2000 square meters;
s2, base fertilizer application: irrigating the seedling bed until shallow water with the depth of 4-6cm is reserved on the surface of the seedling bed, applying base fertilizer 10-15 days before transplanting the seedlings, applying the base fertilizer according to the standard of 45-50 kg/mu, additionally applying 6-8 kg/mu of urea 4-5 days before transplanting the seedlings as a grafting fertilizer, preparing soil by using a rotary cultivator, fusing fertilizer and mud, leveling the whole field, mixing and fusing mud and fertilizer, and precipitating the mud and fertilizer for 2-3 days;
s3, transplanting seedlings: selecting seedlings with the seedling age of 25-30 days and 2-3 tillers to be transplanted at 15-25 ℃, wherein the transplanting density is 1.0-1.2 ten thousand holes/mu, a # -shaped area is reserved during transplanting, the # -shaped area divides a seedling bed into a plurality of small field blocks, each small field block is 0.5-0.8 mu, seedlings are not transplanted in the # -shaped area, the seedlings are obtained by performing daily seed soaking, germination accelerating and seeding after rice seeds are soaked in biogas slurry soaking solution for 48-72 hours, and performing industrial seedling raising, wherein the biogas slurry soaking solution is biogas slurry and clear water according to the ratio of 1: 2-3, thus improving the germination rate of seeds and enhancing the disease resistance of seedlings;
s4, digging a fish ditch: digging a fish ditch with the width of 30-40cm and the depth of 50-60cm in the groined area, and reinforcing;
s5, sprinkling biogas liquid fertilizer: 2-3 days after the fish ditch is reinforced, sprinkling biogas slurry fertilizer in the whole field, wherein the sprinkling amount of the biogas slurry fertilizer is 30-45 kg/mu, the biogas slurry fertilizer is formed by mixing biogas slurry and clear water according to the proportion of 2:1-1.5, the biogas slurry fertilizer is sprinkled once every 3 days, the temperature is sprinkled below 20 ℃ after 16 points every time, and the sprinkling is stopped one week before the fish fries are put in;
s6, putting the fry: after the seedlings grow for 7-15 days, putting seedlings in the fish ditches, wherein the seedlings are 50-60% of omnivorous fish, 10-20% of herbivorous fish and the rest filter-feeding fish, the putting amount of the seedlings is 200-250 fish/mu, and shallow water on the surfaces of seedling fields is kept to be not less than 8 cm;
s7, sprinkling biogas liquid fertilizer: after seedlings enter a tillering full period (more than 3 tillers), spraying biogas slurry fertilizer in the whole field, wherein the spraying amount of the biogas slurry fertilizer is 10-15 kg/mu, spraying the biogas slurry fertilizer after phytoplankton appears in the seedling field, wherein the biogas slurry fertilizer is formed by mixing biogas slurry and clear water according to the proportion of 1:1-1.5, the biogas slurry fertilizer is sprayed once every 1 day, and the temperature is below 20 ℃ after 16 points each time;
s8, topdressing: adding leaf fertilizer after the seedlings sprout ears, and fertilizing according to 5-8 kg/mu, wherein the leaf fertilizer is composed of biogas residues and plant ash according to the weight ratio of 2:1-1.5, and the preparation method comprises the steps of crushing the biogas residues subjected to solid-liquid separation into fine particles of 100-200 meshes by a crusher, adding the plant ash, and granulating;
s9, daily management: periodically measuring the dissolved oxygen in the water body, the pH value and the hydrogen sulfide to ensure that the dissolved oxygen in the water body in the seedling bed is not lower than 8mg/L, and adjusting the pH to 6.6-7.2 in a phosphate buffer solution or edible baking soda mode;
s10, harvesting: harvesting after the rice is mature, and fishing the fishes after the fishes grow mature.
Preferably, 6-8 kg/mu of bleaching powder or 65-80 kg/mu of quicklime is used for dry disinfection of the field.
Preferably, the periphery of the rice field is provided with an anti-escape net with the height of 40-50 cm.
Preferably, the base fertilizer is a compound fertilizer, and the total nitrogen content is not less than 18%, the available phosphorus content is not less than 12%, and the available potassium content is not less than 15%.
Preferably, the biogas slurry contains no less than 35% of organic matters, no more than 20% of humic acid, no less than 1.5% of total nitrogen, no less than 0.5% of total phosphorus and no less than 1% of total potassium.
Preferably, the biogas slurry and the biogas residues are obtained by performing solid-liquid separation in a biogas pool which normally produces gas (fully ferments) for more than 1 month, and the using effect is better when the biogas slurry and the biogas residues are taken out from the biogas pool and placed for more than 3 hours.
Preferably, the daily seed soaking and germination accelerating seeding refers to soaking the rice seeds soaked by the biogas slurry soaking solution in a disinfectant for 6-8 hours, cleaning and airing the rice seeds, and then coating the seeds with a seed coating agent, wherein the disinfectant is prepared by uniformly mixing 25% of prochloraz 2500-3000 times of diluent and 3% of methyl cream-oxadixyl 1500 liquid according to a volume ratio of 1: 1-1.5.
Preferably, the # -shaped region is a criss-cross region for digging a fish ditch in the rice seedling bed, the length of the region is consistent with the boundary of the rice seedling bed, and the width of the region is 50-60 cm.
Preferably, the omnivorous fish is carp, carp fry is selected to be 100 g/tail, the filter-feeding fish is any one or combination of chub and bighead carp, chub and bighead carp fry are selected to be 250 g/tail, the herbivorous fish is grass carp, and grass carp fry is selected to be 250 g/tail.
Preferably, the leaf fertilizer is particles with the diameter of 0.2-0.5 cm.
The biogas slurry and the biogas residues are byproducts of biogas production, contain various amino acids and trace elements, and are good feed additives. The biogas liquid is used for culturing fish, so that the culture cost can be saved, and the production performance of livestock, poultry and aquatic products can be improved. After entering the fishpond, the biogas slurry can increase the floating biomass of the fishpond, strengthen photosynthesis, increase oxygen production, reduce fish diseases, save fertilizer, bait and the like. The biogas residues contain more comprehensive nutrients, can be directly eaten by the fishes, can promote the propagation and growth of plankton in water, provide baits for the fishes, reduce the putting of commercial baits and save the breeding cost. Most of various bacteria and parasitic ova are killed after biogas residues are subjected to anaerobic fermentation treatment in the biogas digester, so that fish diseases can be effectively prevented; the biogas residue fertilizer is a mature fertilizer, and does not excessively consume dissolved oxygen in water after being put into the eel breeding pond, and does not compete for oxygen with the eels.
Preferably, the water quality of the rice seedling bed is managed in real time, wherein the water color transparency of the rice seedling bed in terms of the Chengdu area for 4-5 months and 10-11 months is not lower than 20-25 cm; the water color transparency is preferably 10-15cm in 6-9 months. Because the temperature is high in 6-9 months, the fish grow fast and the food consumption is large. When the water color transparency is lower than 10cm, whether the fish in the field floats or not should be strictly observed. If the fish sinks to the bottom of the water after the fish appears, the water needs to be properly irrigated to prevent the fish from floating. And (3) replacing 1/3 of the pool water in 10-15 days according to the change of the water quality so as to keep the water quality of the seedling bed to be fertile, alive, cool and tender.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) the biogas fertilizer is used for culturing fish in the rice field, so that the fertilizer efficiency of the rice is improved, the yield of the rice is increased, the income of the fish in the rice field is increased, and the income of farmers is increased;
(2) applying the biogas manure stage by stage to promote the fast and continuous growth of phytoplankton and zooplankton in the rice field and provide sufficient food sources for fish in the rice field;
(3) biogas slurry and biogas residues obtained by solid-liquid separation are respectively utilized, biogas slurry fertilizer is applied in the early stage, and leaf fertilizer (potash fertilizer) is added after the seedlings are spiked, wherein the leaf fertilizer takes the biogas residues as raw materials, so that the effective utilization rate of the biogas fertilizer is improved.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention are further described in detail below with reference to examples, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following.
Example 1
A method for culturing fish in a rice field by using biogas manure in a rice and fish symbiotic mode comprises the following steps:
s1, rice field finishing and disinfecting; selecting a field block with sufficient water source and perfect field irrigation and drainage channels as a seedling field, and disinfecting 20 days before transplanting seedlings;
s2, base fertilizer application: irrigating the seedling bed until the surface of the seedling bed has shallow water of 5cm, applying base fertilizer 15 days before transplanting the seedlings, applying the base fertilizer according to the standard of 45 kg/mu, topdressing 7 kg/mu of urea 4 days before transplanting the seedlings as a grafting fertilizer, preparing soil by a rotary cultivator, fusing fertilizer and mud, leveling the whole field, blending and fusing mud and fertilizer, and precipitating the mud and fertilizer for 2 days;
s3, transplanting seedlings: selecting seedlings with 25 days old and 2 tillers to be transplanted at 20 ℃, wherein the transplanting density is 1 ten thousand holes/mu, a groined area is reserved during transplanting, the seedlings are not transplanted in the groined area, the seedlings are obtained by soaking seeds in biogas slurry soaking solution for 54 hours, performing daily seed soaking, germination accelerating and seeding and then cultivating, and the biogas slurry soaking solution is prepared from biogas slurry and clear water according to the ratio of 1: 2, uniformly mixing the components in proportion;
s4, digging a fish ditch: digging a fish ditch with the width of 30cm and the depth of 50cm in the groined area, and reinforcing;
s5, sprinkling biogas liquid fertilizer: sprinkling biogas slurry fertilizer in the whole field 2 days after the fish ditch is reinforced, wherein the sprinkling amount of the biogas slurry fertilizer is 35 kg/mu, the biogas slurry fertilizer is formed by mixing biogas slurry and clear water according to the proportion of 2:1, the biogas slurry fertilizer is sprinkled once every 3 days, the temperature is below 20 ℃ after 16 points every time, and the sprinkling is stopped one week before the fish fries are thrown;
s6, putting the fry: after the seedlings grow for 7 days, putting seedlings in the fish ditches, wherein the feeding amount of the seedlings is 220 tails/mu, the feeding amount of the seedlings is 60 percent of omnivorous fishes, 20 percent of herbivorous fishes and the rest filter-feeding fishes, and keeping shallow water on the surface of the seedling field for 9 cm;
s7, sprinkling biogas liquid fertilizer: after seedlings enter a tillering stage, spraying biogas slurry fertilizer in the whole field, wherein the spraying amount of the biogas slurry fertilizer is 12 kg/mu, spraying the biogas slurry fertilizer after phytoplankton appears in the seedling field, wherein the biogas slurry fertilizer is prepared by mixing biogas slurry and clear water according to the proportion of 1:1, spraying the biogas slurry fertilizer once every 1 day, and the temperature is below 20 ℃ after 16 points each time;
s8, topdressing: adding leaf fertilizer after the seedlings sprout ears, and fertilizing according to 5 kg/mu, wherein the leaf fertilizer is composed of biogas residues and plant ash according to the weight ratio of 2:1, and the preparation method comprises the steps of crushing the biogas residues subjected to solid-liquid separation into fine particles of 100 meshes by a crusher, adding the plant ash, and granulating;
s9, daily management: periodically measuring the dissolved oxygen, pH and hydrogen sulfide in the water body, and ensuring that the dissolved oxygen in the water body in the seedling bed is 8.5mg/L and pH is 7.0 through oxygenation equipment;
s10, harvesting: harvesting after the rice is mature, and fishing the fishes after the fishes grow mature.
Example 2
A method for culturing fish in a rice field by using biogas manure in a rice and fish symbiotic mode comprises the following steps:
s1, rice field finishing and disinfecting; selecting a field block with sufficient water source and perfect field irrigation and drainage channels as a seedling field, and disinfecting 20 days before transplanting seedlings;
s2, base fertilizer application: irrigating the seedling bed until the surface of the seedling bed has shallow water of 4cm, applying base fertilizer 10 days before transplanting the seedlings, applying the base fertilizer according to the standard of 50 kg/mu, topdressing 6 kg/mu of urea 5 days before transplanting the seedlings as a grafting fertilizer, preparing soil by a rotary cultivator, fusing fertilizer and mud, leveling the whole field, blending and fusing mud and fertilizer, and precipitating the mud and fertilizer for 3 days;
s3, transplanting seedlings: selecting seedlings with 30 days old and 3 tillers to be transplanted at 15 ℃, wherein the transplanting density is 1.2 ten thousand holes per mu in the 3 last ten days of Chengdu area, a # -shaped area is reserved during transplanting, the seedlings are not transplanted in the # -shaped area, the seedlings are obtained by soaking seeds in biogas slurry soaking solution for 48 hours, then performing daily seed soaking, germination accelerating and seeding, and then cultivating, wherein the biogas slurry soaking solution is prepared by soaking biogas slurry and clear water according to the ratio of 1: 3, uniformly mixing the components in proportion;
s4, digging a fish ditch: digging a fish ditch with the width of 40cm and the depth of 60cm in the groined area, and reinforcing;
s5, sprinkling biogas liquid fertilizer: 3 days after the fish ditch is reinforced, sprinkling biogas slurry fertilizer in the whole field, wherein the sprinkling amount of the biogas slurry fertilizer is 30 kg/mu, the biogas slurry fertilizer is prepared by mixing biogas slurry and clear water according to the proportion of 2:1.5, the biogas slurry fertilizer is sprinkled once every 3 days, the temperature is sprinkled below 20 ℃ after 16 points every time, and the sprinkling is stopped one week before the fish fries are thrown;
s6, putting the fry: after the seedlings grow for 15 days, putting seedlings in the fish ditches, wherein the feeding amount of the seedlings is 200 tails/mu, the feeding amount of the seedlings is 50 percent of omnivorous fishes, 10 percent of herbivorous fishes and the rest filter-feeding fishes, and keeping shallow water on the surface of the seedling field for 10 cm;
s7, sprinkling biogas liquid fertilizer: after seedlings enter a tillering stage, spraying biogas slurry fertilizer in the whole field, wherein the spraying amount of the biogas slurry fertilizer is 10 kg/mu, spraying the biogas slurry fertilizer after phytoplankton appears in the seedling field, wherein the biogas slurry fertilizer is prepared by mixing biogas slurry and clear water according to the proportion of 1:1.5, the biogas slurry fertilizer is sprayed once every 1 day, and the temperature is below 20 ℃ after 16 points each time;
s8, topdressing: adding leaf fertilizer after the seedlings sprout ears, and fertilizing according to 5 kg/mu, wherein the leaf fertilizer is composed of biogas residues and plant ash according to the weight ratio of 2:1.5, and the preparation method comprises the steps of crushing the biogas residues subjected to solid-liquid separation into fine particles of 200 meshes by a crusher, adding the plant ash, and granulating;
s9, daily management: periodically measuring the dissolved oxygen, pH and hydrogen sulfide in the water body to ensure that the dissolved oxygen in the water body in the seedling bed is 9mg/L and pH is 6.6;
s10, harvesting: harvesting after the rice is mature, and fishing the fishes after the fishes grow mature.
Example 3
A method for culturing fish in a rice field by using biogas manure in a rice and fish symbiotic mode comprises the following steps:
s1, rice field finishing and disinfecting; selecting a field block with sufficient water source and perfect field irrigation and drainage channels as a seedling field, and disinfecting the field block 30 days before transplanting seedlings;
s2, base fertilizer application: irrigating the seedling bed until the surface of the seedling bed has shallow water of 6cm, applying base fertilizer 12 days before transplanting the seedlings, applying the base fertilizer according to the standard of 46 kg/mu, topdressing 8 kg/mu of urea 5 days before transplanting the seedlings as a grafting fertilizer, preparing soil by using a rotary cultivator, fusing fertilizer and mud, leveling the whole field, blending and fusing mud and fertilizer, and precipitating the mud and fertilizer for 2 days;
s3, transplanting seedlings: selecting seedlings with seedling age of 28 days and 3 tillers for transplanting at 25 ℃, wherein the transplanting density is 1.1 ten thousand holes/mu, a # -shaped area is reserved during transplanting, the seedlings are not transplanted in the # -shaped area, the seedlings are obtained by carrying out daily seed soaking, germination accelerating and sowing after rice seeds are soaked for 72 hours by using biogas slurry soaking liquid, and the biogas slurry soaking liquid is prepared by mixing biogas slurry and clear water according to the ratio of 1: 2.5 are mixed evenly according to the proportion;
s4, digging a fish ditch: digging a fish ditch with the width of 35cm and the depth of 50cm in the groined area, and reinforcing;
s5, sprinkling biogas liquid fertilizer: 3 days after the fish ditch is reinforced, spraying biogas slurry fertilizer in the whole field, wherein the spraying amount of the biogas slurry fertilizer is 45 kg/mu, the biogas slurry fertilizer is formed by mixing biogas slurry and clear water according to the proportion of 2:1.2, the biogas slurry fertilizer is sprayed once every 3 days, the temperature is below 20 ℃ after 16 points every time, and the spraying is stopped one week before the fish fries are put in;
s6, putting the fry: after the seedlings grow for 10 days, putting seedlings in the fish ditches, wherein the feeding amount of the seedlings is 250 tails/mu, the number of the omnivorous fish is 50 percent, the number of the herbivorous fish is 15 percent, and the number of the rest filter-feeding fish is 12 cm;
s7, sprinkling biogas liquid fertilizer: after seedlings enter a tillering stage, spraying biogas slurry fertilizer in the whole field, wherein the spraying amount of the biogas slurry fertilizer is 15 kg/mu, spraying the biogas slurry fertilizer after phytoplankton appears in the seedling field, wherein the biogas slurry fertilizer is prepared by mixing biogas slurry and clear water according to the proportion of 1:1.2, the biogas slurry fertilizer is sprayed once every 1 day, and the temperature is below 20 ℃ after 16 points each time;
s8, topdressing: adding leaf fertilizer after the seedlings sprout ears, and fertilizing according to 8 kg/mu, wherein the leaf fertilizer is composed of biogas residues and plant ash according to the weight ratio of 2:1, and the preparation method comprises the steps of crushing the biogas residues subjected to solid-liquid separation into fine particles of 150 meshes by a crusher, adding the plant ash, and granulating;
s9, daily management: periodically measuring the dissolved oxygen, pH and hydrogen sulfide in the water body to ensure that the dissolved oxygen in the water body in the seedling bed is 10mg/L and pH is 7.2;
s10, harvesting: harvesting after the rice is mature, and fishing the fishes after the fishes grow mature.
Example 4
A method for culturing fish in a rice field by using biogas manure in a rice and fish symbiotic mode comprises the following steps:
s1, rice field finishing and disinfecting; selecting a field block with sufficient water source and perfect field irrigation and drainage channels as a seedling field, and disinfecting the field block 25 days before transplanting seedlings;
s2, base fertilizer application: irrigating the seedling bed until the surface of the seedling bed has shallow water of 5cm, applying base fertilizer 14 days before transplanting the seedlings, applying the base fertilizer according to the standard of 48 kg/mu, additionally applying 6.5 kg/mu of urea 4 days before transplanting the seedlings as a grafted fertilizer, preparing soil by using a rotary cultivator, fusing fertilizer and mud, leveling the whole field, blending and fusing mud and fertilizer, and precipitating the fertilizer and mud for 3 days;
s3, transplanting seedlings: selecting seedlings with 25 days old and 2 tillers to be transplanted at 18 ℃, wherein the transplanting density is 1 ten thousand holes/mu, a groined area is reserved during transplanting, the seedlings are not transplanted in the groined area, the seedlings are obtained by performing daily seed soaking, germination accelerating and seeding after the seeds are soaked for 60 hours by using the biogas slurry soaking solution, and the biogas slurry soaking solution is prepared by mixing biogas slurry and clear water according to the ratio of 1: 3, uniformly mixing the components in proportion;
s4, digging a fish ditch: digging a fish ditch with the width of 35cm and the depth of 60cm in the groined area, and reinforcing;
s5, sprinkling biogas liquid fertilizer: sprinkling biogas slurry fertilizer in the whole field 2 days after the fish ditch is reinforced, wherein the sprinkling amount of the biogas slurry fertilizer is 40 kg/mu, the biogas slurry fertilizer is formed by mixing biogas slurry and clear water according to the proportion of 2:1, the biogas slurry fertilizer is sprinkled once every 3 days, the temperature is below 20 ℃ after 16 points every time, and the sprinkling is stopped one week before the fish fries are thrown;
s6, putting the fry: after the seedlings grow for 10 days, putting seedlings in the fish ditches, wherein the seedlings comprise 60% of omnivorous fish, 18% of herbivorous fish and the rest of filter-feeding fish, the putting amount of the seedlings is 240 fish/mu, and shallow water on the surface of the seedling field is kept for 10 cm;
s7, sprinkling biogas liquid fertilizer: after seedlings enter a tillering stage, spraying biogas slurry fertilizer in the whole field, wherein the spraying amount of the biogas slurry fertilizer is 10 kg/mu, spraying the biogas slurry fertilizer after phytoplankton appears in the seedling field, wherein the biogas slurry fertilizer is prepared by mixing biogas slurry and clear water according to the proportion of 1:1.2, the biogas slurry fertilizer is sprayed once every 1 day, and the temperature is below 20 ℃ after 16 points each time;
s8, topdressing: adding leaf fertilizer after the seedlings sprout ears, and fertilizing according to 6.5 kg/mu, wherein the leaf fertilizer is composed of biogas residues and plant ash according to the weight ratio of 2:1.2, and the preparation method comprises the steps of crushing the biogas residues subjected to solid-liquid separation into fine particles of 200 meshes by a crusher, adding the plant ash, and granulating;
s9, daily management: periodically measuring the dissolved oxygen, pH and hydrogen sulfide in the water body to ensure that the dissolved oxygen in the water body in the seedling bed is 8.5mg/L and the pH is 6.8;
s10, harvesting: harvesting after the rice is mature, and fishing the fishes after the fishes grow mature.
Example 5
A method for culturing fish in a rice field by using biogas manure in a rice and fish symbiotic mode comprises the following steps:
s1, rice field finishing and disinfecting; selecting a field block with sufficient water source and perfect field irrigation and drainage channels as a seedling field, and disinfecting 20 days before transplanting seedlings;
s2, base fertilizer application: irrigating the seedling bed until the surface of the seedling bed has shallow water of 5cm, applying base fertilizer 12 days before transplanting the seedlings, applying the base fertilizer according to the standard of 45 kg/mu, topdressing 8 kg/mu of urea 5 days before transplanting the seedlings as a grafting fertilizer, preparing soil by a rotary cultivator, fusing fertilizer and mud, leveling the whole field, blending and fusing mud and fertilizer, and precipitating the mud and fertilizer for 3 days;
s3, transplanting seedlings: selecting seedlings with 30 days old and 2 tillers to be transplanted at 22 ℃, wherein the transplanting density is 1.2 ten thousand holes/mu, a # -shaped area is reserved during transplanting, the seedlings are not transplanted in the # -shaped area, the seedlings are obtained by soaking seeds in biogas slurry soaking solution for 52 hours, then performing daily seed soaking, germination accelerating and seeding, and then cultivating, wherein the biogas slurry soaking solution is prepared from biogas slurry and clear water according to the ratio of 1: 2.5 are mixed evenly according to the proportion;
s4, digging a fish ditch: digging a fish ditch with the width of 40cm and the depth of 55cm in the groined area, and reinforcing;
s5, sprinkling biogas liquid fertilizer: 3 days after the fish ditch is reinforced, spraying biogas slurry fertilizer in the whole field, wherein the spraying amount of the biogas slurry fertilizer is 45 kg/mu, the biogas slurry fertilizer is formed by mixing biogas slurry and clear water according to the proportion of 2:1, the biogas slurry fertilizer is sprayed once every 3 days, the temperature is below 20 ℃ after 16 points every time, and the spraying is stopped one week before the fish fries are put in;
s6, putting the fry: after the seedlings grow for 14 days, putting seedlings in the fish ditches, wherein the feeding amount of the seedlings is 200 tails/mu, the feeding amount of the omnivorous fish is 60 percent, the herbivorous fish is 12 percent, and the rest filter-feeding fish is 12 cm;
s7, sprinkling biogas liquid fertilizer: after seedlings enter a tillering stage, spraying biogas slurry fertilizer in the whole field, wherein the spraying amount of the biogas slurry fertilizer is 12 kg/mu, spraying the biogas slurry fertilizer after phytoplankton appears in the seedling field, wherein the biogas slurry fertilizer is prepared by mixing biogas slurry and clear water according to the proportion of 1:1.5, the biogas slurry fertilizer is sprayed once every 1 day, and the temperature is below 20 ℃ after 16 points each time;
s8, topdressing: adding leaf fertilizer after the seedlings sprout ears, and fertilizing according to 8 kg/mu, wherein the leaf fertilizer is composed of biogas residues and plant ash according to the weight ratio of 2:1.5, and the preparation method comprises the steps of crushing the biogas residues subjected to solid-liquid separation into fine particles of 100 meshes by a crusher, adding the plant ash, and granulating;
s9, daily management: periodically measuring the dissolved oxygen, pH and hydrogen sulfide in the water body to ensure that the dissolved oxygen in the water body in the seedling bed is 9.5mg/L and the pH is 7.0;
s10, harvesting: harvesting after the rice is mature, and fishing the fishes after the fishes grow mature.
Example 6
A method for culturing fish in a rice field by using biogas manure in a rice and fish symbiotic mode comprises the following steps:
s1, rice field finishing and disinfecting; selecting a field block with sufficient water source and perfect field irrigation and drainage channels as a seedling field, and disinfecting the field block 25 days before transplanting seedlings;
s2, base fertilizer application: irrigating the seedling bed until the surface of the seedling bed has shallow water of 4cm, applying base fertilizer 15 days before transplanting the seedlings, applying the base fertilizer according to the standard of 50 kg/mu, topdressing 7 kg/mu of urea 4 days before transplanting the seedlings as a grafting fertilizer, preparing soil by a rotary cultivator, fusing fertilizer and mud, leveling the whole field, blending and fusing mud and fertilizer, and precipitating the mud and fertilizer for 2 days;
s3, transplanting seedlings: selecting seedlings with 25 days old and 2 tillers to be transplanted at 25 ℃, wherein the transplanting density is 1.2 ten thousand holes/mu, a # -shaped area is reserved during transplanting, the seedlings are not transplanted in the # -shaped area, the seedlings are obtained by carrying out daily seed soaking, germination accelerating and sowing after rice seeds are soaked for 72 hours by using biogas slurry soaking liquid, and the biogas slurry soaking liquid is prepared by mixing biogas slurry and clear water according to the ratio of 1: 2, uniformly mixing the components in proportion;
s4, digging a fish ditch: digging a fish ditch with the width of 35cm and the depth of 50-60cm in the groined area, and reinforcing;
s5, sprinkling biogas liquid fertilizer: 2 days after the fish ditch is reinforced, splashing biogas liquid fertilizer in the whole field, wherein the splashing amount of the biogas liquid fertilizer is 30 kg/mu, the biogas liquid fertilizer is formed by mixing biogas liquid and clear water according to the proportion of 2:1.5, the biogas liquid fertilizer is splashed once every 3 days, the temperature is splashed below 20 ℃ after 16 points every time, and the splashing is stopped one week before the fish fries are thrown;
s6, putting the fry: after the seedlings grow for 15 days, putting seedlings in the fish ditches, wherein the feeding amount of the seedlings is 210 fishes/mu, the number of the omnivorous fish is 55 percent, the number of the herbivorous fish is 20 percent, and the number of the rest filter-feeding fish is 12 cm;
s7, sprinkling biogas liquid fertilizer: after seedlings enter a tillering stage, spraying biogas slurry fertilizer in the whole field, wherein the spraying amount of the biogas slurry fertilizer is 15 kg/mu, spraying the biogas slurry fertilizer after phytoplankton appears in the seedling field, wherein the biogas slurry fertilizer is prepared by mixing biogas slurry and clear water according to the proportion of 1:1, spraying the biogas slurry fertilizer once every 1 day, and the temperature is below 20 ℃ after 16 points each time;
s8, topdressing: adding leaf fertilizer after the seedlings sprout ears, and fertilizing according to 5 kg/mu, wherein the leaf fertilizer is composed of biogas residues and plant ash according to the weight ratio of 2:1, and the preparation method comprises the steps of crushing the biogas residues subjected to solid-liquid separation into fine particles of 200 meshes by a crusher, adding the plant ash, and granulating;
s9, daily management: periodically measuring the dissolved oxygen, pH and hydrogen sulfide in the water body to ensure that the dissolved oxygen in the water body in the seedling bed is 10mg/L and the pH is 6.8;
s10, harvesting: harvesting after the rice is mature, and fishing the fishes after the fishes grow mature.
The foregoing is illustrative of the preferred embodiments of this invention, and it is to be understood that the invention is not limited to the precise form disclosed herein and that various other combinations, modifications, and environments may be resorted to, falling within the scope of the concept as disclosed herein, either as described above or as apparent to those skilled in the relevant art. And that modifications and variations may be effected by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. A method for culturing fish in a rice field by using biogas manure in a rice and fish symbiotic mode is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, rice field finishing and disinfecting; selecting field blocks with sufficient water source and perfect field irrigation and drainage channels as seedling fields, and disinfecting 20-30 days before transplanting seedlings, wherein the area of each rice field is not less than 2000 square meters;
s2, base fertilizer application: irrigating the seedling bed until shallow water with the depth of 4-6cm is reserved on the surface of the seedling bed, applying base fertilizer 10-15 days before transplanting the seedlings, applying the base fertilizer according to the standard of 45-50 kg/mu, additionally applying 6-8 kg/mu of urea 4-5 days before transplanting the seedlings as a grafting fertilizer, preparing soil by using a rotary cultivator, fusing fertilizer and mud, leveling the whole field, mixing and fusing mud and fertilizer, and precipitating the mud and fertilizer for 2-3 days;
s3, transplanting seedlings: selecting seedlings with the seedling age of 25-30 days and 2-3 tillers for transplanting at 15-25 ℃, wherein the transplanting density is 1.0-1.2 ten thousand holes/mu, a # -shaped area is reserved during transplanting, the seedlings are not transplanted in the # -shaped area, the seedlings are obtained by soaking seeds in biogas slurry soaking solution for 48-72 hours, then performing daily seed soaking, germination accelerating and seeding, and then cultivating, wherein the biogas slurry soaking solution is prepared by soaking biogas slurry and clear water according to the ratio of 1: 2-3, and mixing uniformly;
s4, digging a fish ditch: digging a fish ditch with the width of 30-40cm and the depth of 50-60cm in the groined area, and reinforcing;
s5, sprinkling biogas liquid fertilizer: 2-3 days after the fish ditch is reinforced, sprinkling biogas slurry fertilizer in the whole field, wherein the sprinkling amount of the biogas slurry fertilizer is 30-45 kg/mu, the biogas slurry fertilizer is formed by mixing biogas slurry and clear water according to the proportion of 2:1-1.5, the biogas slurry fertilizer is sprinkled once every 3 days, the temperature is sprinkled below 20 ℃ after 16 points every time, the sprinkling is stopped one week before fish fries are put in, the biogas slurry is biogas slurry obtained by performing solid-liquid separation in a biogas pool which normally generates gas for more than 1 month, and biogas residues are obtained;
s6, putting the fry: after the seedlings grow for 7-15 days, putting seedlings in the fish ditches, wherein the seedlings are 50-60% of omnivorous fish, 10-20% of herbivorous fish and the rest filter-feeding fish, the putting amount of the seedlings is 200-250 fish/mu, and shallow water on the surfaces of seedling fields is kept to be not less than 8 cm;
s7, sprinkling biogas liquid fertilizer: after seedlings enter a tillering stage, spraying biogas slurry fertilizer in the whole field, wherein the spraying amount of the biogas slurry fertilizer is 10-15 kg/mu, spraying the biogas slurry fertilizer after phytoplankton appears in the seedling field, wherein the biogas slurry fertilizer is formed by mixing biogas slurry and clear water according to the proportion of 1:1-1.5, the biogas slurry fertilizer is sprayed once every 1 day, and the temperature is below 20 ℃ after 16 points each time;
s8, topdressing: adding leaf fertilizer after the seedlings sprout ears, and fertilizing according to 5-8 kg/mu, wherein the leaf fertilizer is composed of biogas residues and plant ash according to the weight ratio of 2:1-1.5, and the preparation method comprises the steps of crushing the biogas residues subjected to solid-liquid separation into fine particles of 100-200 meshes by a crusher, adding the plant ash, and granulating;
s9, daily management: periodically measuring the dissolved oxygen in the water body, the pH value and the hydrogen sulfide to ensure that the dissolved oxygen in the water body in the seedling bed is not lower than 8mg/L and the pH is 6.6-7.2;
s10, harvesting: harvesting after the rice is mature, and fishing the fishes after the fishes grow mature.
2. The method for cultivating fish in rice fields using biogas manure in a rice and fish symbiotic mode according to claim 1, wherein the sterilization is performed by dry sterilizing the field with 6-8 kg/mu of bleaching powder or 65-80 kg/mu of quicklime.
3. The method for culturing fish in a paddy field by using biogas manure in a rice and fish symbiotic mode according to claim 1, wherein an escape-preventing net having a height of 40-50cm is provided around the paddy field.
4. The method for culturing fish in a rice field by using the biogas fertilizer in the rice and fish symbiotic mode according to claim 1, wherein the base fertilizer is a compound fertilizer, and the total nitrogen content is not less than 18%, the available phosphorus content is not less than 12%, and the available potassium content is not less than 15%.
5. The method for culturing fish in a rice field by using biogas manure in a rice and fish symbiotic mode according to claim 1, wherein the biogas slurry contains not less than 35% of organic matter, not more than 20% of humic acid, not less than 1.5% of total nitrogen, not less than 0.5% of total phosphorus and not less than 1% of total potassium.
6. The method for culturing fish in the rice field by using biogas manure in the rice and fish symbiotic mode according to claim 1, wherein the daily seed soaking and germination accelerating seeding is to soak the rice seeds soaked in the biogas slurry soaking solution for 6-8 hours in a disinfectant, clean and air-dry the rice seeds, and then coat the seeds with a seed coating agent, wherein the disinfectant is prepared by uniformly mixing 25% of a diluent 2500-3000 times as much as prochloraz and 3% of a liquid medicine of metalaxyl-oxadixyl 1500 in a volume ratio of 1: 1-1.5.
7. The method for cultivating fish in a rice field using biogas manure in a rice and fish symbiotic mode as claimed in claim 1, wherein the groined areas are criss-cross areas for digging fish furrows in the rice seedling bed, the length of the areas is consistent with the boundaries of the rice seedling bed, and the width of the areas is 50-60 cm.
8. The method for culturing fish in a rice field by using biogas manure in a rice and fish symbiotic mode according to claim 1, wherein the omnivorous fish is carp, the filter feeding fish is any one or combination of chub and bighead carp, and the herbivorous fish is grass carp.
9. The method for culturing fish in a rice field by using biogas manure in a rice and fish symbiotic mode according to claim 1, wherein the foliar fertilizer is a particle with a diameter of 0.2-0.5 cm.
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| CN115380782A (en) * | 2022-09-22 | 2022-11-25 | 江苏省农业科学院宿迁农科所 | Biogas slurry application method in rice and shrimp joint cropping mode |
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| CN101041594A (en) * | 2007-02-27 | 2007-09-26 | 吴三友 | Organic rice solid type full-fertilizing of biogas manure |
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| CN101041594A (en) * | 2007-02-27 | 2007-09-26 | 吴三友 | Organic rice solid type full-fertilizing of biogas manure |
| CN102972136A (en) * | 2012-10-17 | 2013-03-20 | 田欢 | Fertilizing method for paddy rice |
| CN105794688A (en) * | 2014-12-31 | 2016-07-27 | 天津市凯润淡水养殖有限公司 | Aquaculture rapid water fertilization method with biogas slurry dilution manner |
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