CN108651257A - A kind of fish and vegetable symbiotic system - Google Patents
A kind of fish and vegetable symbiotic system Download PDFInfo
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- CN108651257A CN108651257A CN201710187342.2A CN201710187342A CN108651257A CN 108651257 A CN108651257 A CN 108651257A CN 201710187342 A CN201710187342 A CN 201710187342A CN 108651257 A CN108651257 A CN 108651257A
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- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 56
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007943 implant Substances 0.000 claims 4
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Chemical compound [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000031068 symbiosis, encompassing mutualism through parasitism Effects 0.000 abstract description 11
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 3
- 238000009360 aquaculture Methods 0.000 description 3
- 244000144974 aquaculture Species 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009313 farming Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001546 nitrifying effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia nh3 Chemical compound N.N XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M Nitrite anion Chemical compound [O-]N=O IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012271 agricultural production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010413 gardening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003501 hydroponics Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001471 micro-filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000008520 organization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 244000045947 parasite Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000009372 pisciculture Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000032258 transport Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
- A01G31/02—Special apparatus therefor
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/04—Arrangements for treating water specially adapted to receptacles for live fish
- A01K63/045—Filters for aquaria
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
- C02F11/02—Biological treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/20—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from animal husbandry
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
- Hydroponics (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及一种鱼菜共生系统,该鱼菜共生系统包括:养鱼池;能够与养鱼池中液体进行循环的鱼池硝化床,所述鱼池硝化床上设置微滤机;营养液池;能够与营养液池中液体进行循环的化粪硝化床;和种植床。本发明的鱼菜共生系统将绝大部分的鱼粪分离出来单独进行硝化处理,解决鱼菜比例容易失调导致系统崩溃的问题;本发明的鱼菜共生系统,易于建造,方便管理,维护成本低,适于大规模商业化。
The invention relates to a fish and vegetable symbiosis system, which comprises: a fish pond; a fish pond nitrification bed capable of circulating with liquid in the fish pond, and a microfilter is arranged on the fish pond nitrification bed; a nutrient solution pool; septic nitrification beds in which liquid is circulated in nutrient solution ponds; and planted beds. The fish and vegetable symbiosis system of the present invention separates most of the fish feces and performs nitrification treatment separately, which solves the problem that the fish and vegetable ratio is easily out of balance and causes the system to collapse; the fish and vegetable symbiosis system of the present invention is easy to build, convenient to manage, and low in maintenance costs , suitable for large-scale commercialization.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及农业领域,特别涉及一种鱼菜共生系统。The invention relates to the field of agriculture, in particular to an aquaponics system.
背景技术Background technique
鱼菜共生是一种新型的复合耕作体系,它把水产养殖与水耕栽培这两种原本完全不同的农耕技术,通过巧妙的生态设计,达到科学的协同共生,从而实现养鱼不换水而无水质忧患,种菜不施肥而正常成长的生态共生效应。在传统的水产养殖中,随着鱼的排泄物积累,水体的氨氮增加,毒性逐步增大。而在鱼菜共生系统中,水产养殖的水被输送到水培栽培系统,由细菌将水中的氨氮分解成亚硝酸盐然后被硝化细菌分解成硝酸盐,硝酸盐可以直接被植物作为营养吸收利用。鱼菜共生让动物、植物、微生物三者之间达到一种和谐的生态平衡关系,是可持续循环型零排放的低碳生产模式,更是有效解决农业生态危机的最有效方法。Fish and vegetable symbiosis is a new type of compound farming system. It combines aquaculture and hydroponics, two completely different farming techniques, through ingenious ecological design, to achieve scientific synergy and symbiosis, so as to realize fish farming without changing water. There is no water quality concern, and the ecological symbiosis effect of growing vegetables normally without fertilization. In traditional aquaculture, with the accumulation of fish excrement, the ammonia nitrogen in the water body increases, and the toxicity gradually increases. In the fish and vegetable symbiosis system, the aquaculture water is transported to the hydroponic cultivation system, and the ammonia nitrogen in the water is decomposed into nitrite by bacteria and then decomposed into nitrate by nitrifying bacteria. Nitrate can be directly absorbed and utilized by plants as nutrients . Aquaponics allows animals, plants, and microorganisms to achieve a harmonious ecological balance. It is a sustainable, circular, zero-emission, low-carbon production model, and it is the most effective way to effectively solve the agricultural ecological crisis.
从1997年开始,维尔京群岛大学的詹姆斯Rakocy博士和他的同事们研发出了一种基于深水栽培的大型鱼菜共生系统。之后,世界各国多个大学逐步开展相关技术研究,探索大规模鱼菜共生农业生产的技术方法。联合国粮农组织也把小型鱼菜共生系统作为可持续农业模式向全球推荐。近几年,规模化的鱼菜共生系统逐步在世界各地建设投产,室内的鱼菜共生工厂也开始出现。当前,整个鱼菜共生家庭园艺和农业产业正在快速发展。Since 1997, Dr. James Rakocy of the University of the Virgin Islands and his colleagues have developed a large-scale aquaponics system based on deep water cultivation. Since then, many universities around the world have gradually carried out related technical research to explore the technical methods of large-scale aquaponics agricultural production. The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations also recommends the small-scale aquaponics system as a sustainable agricultural model to the world. In recent years, large-scale aquaponics systems have gradually been put into production around the world, and indoor aquaponics factories have also begun to appear. Currently, the entire aquaponic home gardening and farming industry is developing rapidly.
在现有的鱼菜共生系统中,水泵将鱼池中的鱼粪和残饵抽到种植床,种植床上的陶粒寄生硝化细菌,它将鱼粪和残饵分解为可供植物吸收的养分。鱼池水经过陶粒的拦截过滤,并且其中的养分被植物吸收后,干净的池水通过虹吸装置,流回到鱼池。In the existing fish and vegetable symbiosis system, the water pump pumps the fish manure and residual bait in the fish pond to the planting bed, and the ceramsite on the planting bed parasites nitrifying bacteria, which decomposes the fish manure and residual bait into nutrients that can be absorbed by plants. After the fish pond water is intercepted and filtered by ceramsite, and the nutrients in it are absorbed by the plants, the clean pool water flows back to the fish pond through the siphon device.
目前公开的鱼菜共生系统存在以下缺点:1.鱼和菜的比例必须严格控制在一定的比例范围,鱼少了菜营养不足,菜少了鱼池水质会恶化,系统容易崩溃,从而给管理带来相当大的难度;2.一般六个月左右,种植床的过滤材料(陶粒或者石子)的空隙会被鱼粪堵塞,出现饱和状态,影响过滤效果,需要大量人工干预;3.大面积推广时需要大量的过滤材料,建造成本高,建设周期长,不利于商业化;和4.使用大量的过滤材料的种植床一旦出现破损漏水的情况,必须把过滤材料搬移,维护非常麻烦。The currently public fish and vegetable symbiosis system has the following disadvantages: 1. The ratio of fish and vegetables must be strictly controlled within a certain ratio range. If there is less fish and vegetables, the nutrition will be insufficient. It is quite difficult; 2. Generally, in about six months, the gaps in the filter material (ceramic or stone) of the planting bed will be blocked by fish feces, and a saturated state will appear, which will affect the filtering effect and require a lot of manual intervention; 3. Large area A large amount of filter material is required for promotion, the construction cost is high, and the construction period is long, which is not conducive to commercialization; and 4. Once the planting bed using a large amount of filter material is damaged and leaks, the filter material must be moved, and maintenance is very troublesome.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明要解决的技术问题是:提供一种新型的鱼菜共生系统,该系统结构简单,种植种类多,效率高,水质好,节能效果好,维护方便,生产运营成本和维护成本低。The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a new type of fish and vegetable symbiosis system, which has a simple structure, many types of planting, high efficiency, good water quality, good energy saving effect, convenient maintenance, and low production and operation costs and maintenance costs.
本发明提供一种鱼菜共生系统,所述系统包括:养鱼池;能够与养鱼池中液体进行循环的鱼池硝化床,所述鱼池硝化床上设置微滤机;营养液池;能够与营养液池中液体进行循环的化粪硝化床;所述微滤机分离出的液体流入到所述鱼池硝化床,分离出的污物通过微滤机上设置的排污泵输送到所述化粪硝化床;和种植床,所述营养液池中营养液输送到所述种植床。The invention provides a fish and vegetable symbiosis system. The system includes: a fish pond; a fish pond nitrification bed capable of circulating with the liquid in the fish pond, and a microfiltration machine is arranged on the fish pond nitrification bed; a nutrient solution pool; A septic nitrification bed in which the liquid in the pool is circulated; the liquid separated by the microfilter flows into the fish pond nitrification bed, and the separated dirt is transported to the septic nitrification bed by the sewage pump arranged on the microfilter; and a planting bed, the nutrient solution in the nutrient solution pool is transported to the planting bed.
在一种实施方式中,所述养鱼池中设置有将所述养鱼池中液体抽吸到所述微滤机的吸污泵;所述鱼池硝化床上设置有虹吸装置,将所述鱼池硝化床上液体返回到所述养鱼池中。In one embodiment, the fish pond is provided with a sewage suction pump that sucks the liquid in the fish pond to the microfilter; the fish pond nitrification bed is provided with a siphon device, and the fish pond The liquid on the nitrification bed is returned to the aquarium.
在一种实施方式中,所述营养液池中设置有将所述营养液池中液体抽吸到所述化粪硝化床的营养液池循环泵;所述化粪硝化床上设置有虹吸装置,将所述述化粪硝化床上液体返回到所述营养液池中。In one embodiment, the nutrient solution pool is provided with a nutrient solution pool circulating pump that sucks the liquid in the nutrient solution pool to the septic nitrification bed; the septic nitrification bed is provided with a siphon device, The liquid on the septic nitrification bed is returned to the nutrient solution pool.
在一种实施方式中,所述营养液池中设有营养液供应泵,其将营业液通过管道输送到种植床。In one embodiment, the nutrient solution pool is provided with a nutrient solution supply pump, which transports the operating solution to the planting bed through pipelines.
在一种实施方式中,所述种植床数量不少于2个。In one embodiment, the number of the planting beds is not less than 2.
在一种实施方式中,所述鱼池硝化床和/或所述化粪硝化床上填有陶粒或者河床石子,种植有植物。In one embodiment, the fish pond nitrification bed and/or the septic nitrification bed are filled with ceramsite or river bed stones and planted with plants.
本发明提供的新型鱼菜共生系统,其具有以下优点:The novel aquaponics system provided by the present invention has the following advantages:
1.将绝大部分的鱼粪分离出来单独进行硝化处理,与鱼池的硝化过滤系统隔离,从而解决鱼菜比例容易失调导致系统崩溃的问题。1. Separate most of the fish feces for nitrification treatment separately, and isolate it from the nitrification filtration system of the fish pond, so as to solve the problem that the fish and vegetable ratio is easily out of balance and cause the system to collapse.
2.分离出来的鱼粪用硝化床进行化粪处理,得到植物生长所需的营养液;营养液通过供液系统输送到各个水培种植床。2. The separated fish feces are septically treated with a nitrification bed to obtain the nutrient solution required for plant growth; the nutrient solution is transported to each hydroponic planting bed through the liquid supply system.
3.本发明的新型鱼菜共生系统抛弃了大量的过滤材料,只有硝化床使用过滤材料,从而大大降低了建造成本,缩短建设周期。3. The new aquaponics system of the present invention discards a large number of filter materials, and only the nitrification bed uses filter materials, thereby greatly reducing the construction cost and shortening the construction period.
4.本发明的新型鱼菜共生系统,易于建造,方便管理,维护成本低,适于大规模商业化。4. The novel aquaponics system of the present invention is easy to construct, convenient to manage, low in maintenance cost, and suitable for large-scale commercialization.
附图说明Description of drawings
为了更清楚地说明本申请实施例中的技术方案,下面将对实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍,显而易见地,下面描述中的附图仅仅是本申请中记载的一些实施例,对于本领域普通技术人员来说,在不付出创造性劳动的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其它的附图。In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the following will briefly introduce the accompanying drawings that need to be used in the embodiments. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description are only some embodiments recorded in the present application , those skilled in the art can also obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative work.
图1为本发明的鱼菜共生系统结构示意图。Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the aquaponics system of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
为了使本领域技术领域人员更好地理解本申请中的技术方案,下面将结合下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步说明,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本申请一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本申请中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其它实施例,都应当属于本申请保护的范围。In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solutions in the application, the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the following examples. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the application, rather than all Example. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts shall fall within the scope of protection of this application.
实施例1Example 1
如图1所示,本实施例的鱼菜共生系统包括:养鱼池1,吸污泵2,用于净化鱼池水的鱼池硝化床3,微滤机4,用于硝化鱼粪的化粪硝化床5,营养液池6,7营养液循环泵,营养液供液泵8,和植物种植床9;其中硝化床3和硝化床5上装有虹吸装置并填有陶粒或者石子,其上种植植物。As shown in Figure 1, the aquaponics system of the present embodiment comprises: a fish pond 1, a sewage suction pump 2, a fish pond nitrification bed 3 for purifying fish pond water, a microfilter 4, and a septic for nitrifying fish excrement Nitrification bed 5, nutrient solution pool 6, 7 nutrient solution circulating pumps, nutrient solution supply pump 8, and plant planting bed 9; wherein nitrification bed 3 and nitrification bed 5 are equipped with siphon devices and filled with ceramsite or stones, and planting.
工作时,吸污泵2将含有鱼粪和残饵的鱼池1中液体送往微滤机4,分离出来的污物通过设置在微滤机4上的排污泵送往化粪硝化床5,而从微滤机4分离出、含有很少鱼粪和残饵的液体流入到鱼池硝化床3。鱼池硝化床3上种植植物,池水中的污物在其上被分解成植物的养分并被植物吸收。经过植物吸收养分和陶粒过滤之后的干净池水,经过虹吸装置流回鱼池1。During work, the sewage suction pump 2 sends the liquid in the fish pond 1 containing fish feces and residual bait to the microfilter 4, and the separated dirt is sent to the septic nitrification bed 5 through the sewage pump arranged on the microfilter 4, And the liquid that separates from the microfilter 4 and contains very little fish excrement and residual bait flows into the fish pond nitrification bed 3 . Plants are planted on the nitrification bed 3 of the fish pond, and the dirt in the pool water is decomposed into the nutrients of the plants and absorbed by the plants. The clean pond water after plant absorbs nutrient and ceramsite filter, flows back to fishpond 1 through siphon device.
通过排污泵送往化粪硝化床5的污物,主要含有鱼粪和残饵,同时含有少量的液体,该液体通过化粪硝化床5上的虹吸装置输送到营养液池6;鱼粪和残饵保留在化粪硝化床5上。营养液循环泵7将营养液池中的液体抽回化粪硝化床5,通过化粪硝化床5上的虹吸装置形成潮汐循环,使得鱼粪和残饵在化粪硝化床5中被分解成植物养分溶解于水中,形成植物营养液。营养液供液泵8通过输送管道将营养液送往种植床9。The dirt that is sent to the septic nitrification bed 5 by the sewage pump mainly contains fish excrement and residual bait, and contains a small amount of liquid simultaneously, and this liquid is transported to the nutrient solution pool 6 by the siphon device on the septic nitrification bed 5; Residual bait remains on the septic nitrification bed 5. The nutrient solution circulation pump 7 pumps the liquid in the nutrient solution pool back to the septic nitrification bed 5, and forms a tidal circulation through the siphon device on the septic nitrification bed 5, so that fish feces and residual bait are decomposed in the septic nitrification bed 5. Plant nutrients are dissolved in water to form a plant nutrient solution. The nutrient solution supply pump 8 sends the nutrient solution to the planting bed 9 through the delivery pipeline.
应该理解到披露的本发明不仅仅限于描述的特定的方法、方案和物质,因为这些均可变化。还应理解这里所用的术语仅仅是为了描述特定的实施方式方案的目的,而不是意欲限制本发明的范围,本发明的范围仅受限于所附的权利要求。It is to be understood that the disclosed invention is not limited to the particular methodology, protocols and materials described, as these may vary. It should also be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, which is limited only by the appended claims.
本领域的技术人员还将认识到,或者能够确认使用不超过常规实验,在本文中所述的本发明的具体的实施方案的许多等价物。这些等价物也包含在所附的权利要求中。Those skilled in the art will also recognize, or be able to ascertain using no more than routine experimentation, many equivalents to the specific embodiments of the invention described herein. Such equivalents are also covered by the appended claims.
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