CN103964639A - Water circulating ecological system for aquaculture - Google Patents
Water circulating ecological system for aquaculture Download PDFInfo
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- CN103964639A CN103964639A CN201410199862.1A CN201410199862A CN103964639A CN 103964639 A CN103964639 A CN 103964639A CN 201410199862 A CN201410199862 A CN 201410199862A CN 103964639 A CN103964639 A CN 103964639A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a water circulating ecological system for aquaculture. The water circulating ecological system comprises an aquaculture main body ecological breeding tank, a biological purifying tank, a water purifying tank and a residue treatment ecological breeding tank. Environmental engineering for ecological breeding is constructed by the water circulating ecological system, and the breeding environment is controlled and optimized, so that aquaculture breeding dirt is cleared up by virtue of ecological mating of microorganism, plants and animals, and therefore, water self-cleaning effect of an ecological environment is achieved. By virtue of a recycling economy mode, the water is self-cleaned and utilized in a multi-stage manner to form an industrial chain of a plurality of products, so that duplex economic value added effect is produced. The production system ecologically controls the aquaculture, so that breeding water can be saved for over 70%, and water quality is regulated and optimized, and therefore, healthy aquaculture is implemented.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to agriculture technical field of aquaculture, particularly a kind of aquaculture water cycle ecosystem.
Background technology
Manual acquiculture rises in recent years, the large-scale cultivation of high-density, high yield particularly, and contaminate environment not only, also for food safety is brought hidden danger.In aquaculture process, protein more than needed in feed, most of will excretion in water with the form of ammonia nitrogen, nitrite.Under the environment such as rainfall, high temperature, fishes and shrimps are easy to ill, strengthen antibiotic usage quantity thereupon, and drug residue strengthens food safety risk.The movement of aquatic animal and food-residue, be deposited in water, ferments spoiled, accumulate over a long period, and body eutrophication, fish and shrimp are difficult to existence, and sewage discharge, more can become environmental hazard.For reducing the pollution to environment and water source, improve the Environmental compatibility of aquaculture, how adopting breeding water dynamic circulation is the difficult problem that urgent need overcomes, various equivalent modifications has also been carried out relevant research, but progress is slower.Chinese patent: 201210298302.2 " a kind of decontamination cycle water aquaculture systems " are realized the purification of water body by adopt biological purifying tank to filter and microbiological deterioration etc., although reasonably do not process but throw out is separated, still cause the pollution of environment, and alone microorganism is thorough not to the cleaning action of water body, need just can reach monitoring index through circular treatment repeatedly, the processing speed of sewage restricts the density of aquaculture greatly, for this reason, how exploring the system that processing speed is high, efficiency is high is the important topic of aquaculture development.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of aquaculture water cycle ecosystem, realize meta-synthetic engineering application, the regulation and control model of innovation culture environment of aquatic products: take restoration of the ecosystem cultivation as main body, carry out water resources saving type, environmentally friendly recirculated water environmental health aquaculture model, engineering with production system, build breeding wastewater and purify step by step, realize the regulation and control environment that cultivation residue effectively utilizes.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of aquaculture water cycle ecosystem, wherein: comprise aquatic products main body ecological culture pond, biological purifying tank, water purifying tank and residue treatment ecologic breeding ground, aquatic products main body ecological culture pond and biological purifying tank comprise respectively some floated microbial preparation water purifiers and water plant planting floating mat, described aquatic products main body ecological culture pond, biological purifying tank is connected by pipeline successively with water purifying tank, described water purifying tank comprises one-level water purifying tank, secondary water purifying tank and middle water reuse tank, between one-level water purifying tank and secondary water purifying tank, be provided with one-level water purification filter wall, between secondary water purifying tank and middle water reuse tank, be provided with secondary water purification filter wall, described middle water reuse tank connects aquatic products main body ecological culture pond by circulation water purification transport pipe, described biological purifying tank connects residue treatment ecologic breeding ground by residue conveying belt, described aquatic products main body ecological culture pond is connected by waste water and residue discharge conduit with first class purification pond.
Described aquatic products main body ecological culture pond comprises 2 ~ 5 floated microbial preparation water purifiers and 1 ~ 10 water plant planting floating mat, also comprise 1 ~ 3 oxygenating machine, article 3 ~ 10, residue washpipe at the bottom of micro-pore oxygenation pipeline and 3 ~ 8 ponds, described micro-pore oxygenation pipeline is distributed in around oxygenating machine, and floated microbial preparation water purifier and water plant planting floating mat are randomly dispersed in aquatic products main body culturing pool.
Described biological purifying tank comprises 2 ~ 5 floated microbial preparation water purifiers, 1 ~ 8 water plant planting floating mat, biological purifying tank also comprises residue silt remover, residue silt remover connects residue conveying belt, and described biological purifying tank connects one-level water purifying tank by the drainage pipeline of purifying waste water.
Described one-level water purifying tank comprises 1 ~ 5 floated microbial preparation water purifier, 1 ~ 5 water plant planting floating mat and one-level water purification filter wall, described one-level water purification filter wall thickness is 0.5 ~ 2 meter, with rubble, coarse sand and charcoal lump, form and filter body of wall, both sides fold with filter screen.
Described secondary water purifying tank comprises 1 ~ 3 floated microbial preparation water purifier, 1 ~ 3 water plant planting floating mat and secondary water purification filter wall, and described secondary water purification filter wall thickness is 1 ~ 3 meter, packs sandbag into build up body of wall with fine sand, charcoal powder.
Described middle water reuse tank comprises 1 ~ 3 floated microbial preparation water purifier, 1 ~ 3 water plant planting floating mat and oxygenating machine, and described middle water reuse tank connects aquatic products main body ecological culture pond by circulation water purification transport pipe.
Described micro-pore oxygenation pipe diameter is 1 ~ 3cm, at the bottom of pond, the diameter of residue washpipe is 2 ~ 5cm, the area of water plant planting floating mat is 0.5 ~ 8m2, described water plant planting floating mat comprises floating bed for planting aquatic plants, by the fixing surrounding of floating bed for planting aquatic plants of mao bamboon, then use the two-sided parcel of netting, form a mesh space, then by waterplant interpenetration network, become water plant planting floating mat.
Described waterplant comprises aquatic vegetable and aquatic forage, and described aquatic vegetable comprises mater convolvulus, Wildcelery Herb, lotus rhizome; Aquatic forage comprises water lettuce, water peanut.
Described residue treatment ecologic breeding ground comprises snail earthworm and ecological breeding device, spiral shell excrement and excrement pulp separator and plant sunshade growth belt.
Described snail earthworm and ecological breeding device is case structure, top cultivation snail, middle leaky formula division plate, bottom breeding earthworm.
The invention has the advantages that:
1, physical engineering water purification regulation and control.Utilize physical engineering, aquaculture is divided and is set to: the production system engineering such as reuse tank, residue treatment ecologic breeding ground in main body ecological culture pond, biological purifying tank, one-level water purifying tank, secondary water purifying tank, water.The facilities such as oxygenating machine micro-pore oxygenation pipeline, floated probiotics water purifier, water plant planting floating mat, residue treatment silt remover, water purification filter wall are set in pond, will cultivate waste water and residue minute pond, segmentation, stage purification.
Improve oxygenation facility, traditional oxygenating machine is improved to oxygenating machine microporous pipeline.Bottom micro-pore oxygenation technology, solve better bottom, fish pond dissolved oxygen problem, there is the distinguishing features such as saving energy, security be good, can effectively improve the dissolved oxygen level of pond bottom water body, improve the dissolved oxygen amount of whole aquaculture water, eliminate thermocline, oxygen spring layer, the water-mass density layer in pond, improve pond water quality, promote cultivated animals growth, increase fish loading amount.
Water desilting mode is changed in regulation and control cultivation, keeps water body clean.Traditional cultivation, desilting is generally carried out after cultivation results, and some fish ponds are old alluvial especially.Culturing pool changes the diligent desilting of water more, and general 3---5 days are once, and residue sewage, by biochemistry pool special disposal, is conducive to culturing pool and implements high-density high benefit breeding scale.
It is the method that very effectively intercepts separated organic dirt that water purification filter wall is set.Approximately 1 meter of one-level water purification filter wall thickness, forms and filters body of wall with rubble, coarse sand and charcoal lump, and both sides fold with filter screen.Approximately 1.5 meters of secondary water purification filter wall thicknesses, pack sandbag into fine sand, charcoal powder and build up body of wall, pond water naturally osmotic, and water body is limpid.
2, probiotics regulating and controlling water quality is settled floated probiotics water purifier in culturing pool, and it is comprised of suspend setting device and probiotics slowly-releasing case.Can solve balanced in water body, the lasting problem discharging of different microorganisms.Probiotics is because being directly from occurring in nature directional separation, the useful bacterial strain of screening, nontoxic, noresidue, pollution-free, effective antagonism water body pathogenic microorganism, degraded water body organic content, after animal ingestion, can in digestive tube, multiply, generation has strong active amylase, lipase, proteolytic enzyme etc., promote digesting and assimilating of animal, some flora can produce VITAMIN, choline, the benefit materials such as lactic acid, for cultivated animals provides necessary trace element, enhancing antibody is to iron, the absorption of calcium etc., probiotics is in the breeding of enteron aisle, produce microbiotic, can effectively suppress the breeding of pathogenic bacterium, improve intestinal microflora.At main body ecological culture pond, throw in and be of value to fishes and shrimps growth ecological microbial agent, reduce fish body stress factor, turn harm into good.At biological purifying tank, water purifying tank, throw in take and eliminate organism, soil ulmin as main probiotics, different dirts " is eaten ", degradation of ammonia nitrogen, nitrosamine, decomposing hydrogen sulfide, stablizes water PH value, trace element supplement.
3, the regulation and control of waterplant to water quality.In culturing pool, place convenient type floating bed for planting aquatic plants, by the fixing surrounding of mao bamboon, then use the two-sided parcel of netting, form a mesh space, then by waterplant interpenetration network.After transplanting, floating bed is delivered to the culturing pool water surface, arrange in order, jag is fixed.Plant floating bed, fixedly waterplant can not broken up, and can allow again it fully absorb the Eutrophication materials such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and organism in water, makes the unnecessary nuisance of aquaculture, refuse be converted into the nutriment of plant-growth.Also suppress the excessive multiplication of harmful algae simultaneously, solved common body eutrophication problem.At main body ecological culture pond, with 30% water surface, place aquatic vegetable (as mater convolvulus, Wildcelery Herb etc.), biological purifying tank is placed the stronger plants of adsorptive power such as water lettuce, water peanut with 70% the water surface, at treating pond, with 60% the water surface, place aquatic vegetable, middle water reuse tank is with 50% crops such as water surface planting lotus rhizome.In aquatic vegetable process of growth without refertilizing, also without weeding, water, convenient management, can produce organic vegetable.The lotus that swims that reproductivity is very strong, can salvage and be sent to residue treatment ecologic breeding ground, for cultivating snail, earthworm.
4, breeding ecological regulates and controls naturally.With many kinds science, raise together with comprehensive ecological cultivation pattern, " with the clean water of fish, with fish, supporting water ".Main body ecological culture pond, arranges in pairs or groups by science that to take planktonic organism be the fish of food for silver carp, spoon kiss fish etc., stablizes ecologic community, balance ecosystem with food chain.By the filteration of fish, can in the situation that not throwing something and feeding in addition artificial diet, produce aquatic animal albumen on the one hand, can directly consume on the other hand algae superfluous in water body, thereby reduce the nitrogen and phosphorus content of water body, reach the object of repairing water body.At biological purifying tank, catfish, spiral shell, a species of small clam living in fresh water be can raise together with, at water purifying tank, grass carp, spoon kiss fish, spiral shell, a species of small clam living in fresh water etc. raised together with.
5, dirt residue recycles regulation and control.The dirty residue of excrement that is deposited on biological purifying tank is very good fertilizer, by silt remover, is transported to residue treatment ecologic breeding ground.The plants such as the dirt-absorbing ability lotus that swims strong and breeding rapidly, water peanut are salvaged, be placed in snail, earthworm and ecological breeding device together with residue, clear up.Breeding device is case structure, top cultivation snail, and leaky formula division plate is also the top board of vermiculture groove simultaneously, the grain that the ight soil residue of snail is earthworm.Residue dirt and the lotus that swims are converted into snail, earthworm and wormcast fertilizer by production.Snail and earthworm are the high-quality protein feeds of aquaculture.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is one-piece construction diagram of the present invention.
In accompanying drawing, 1, aquatic products main body ecological culture pond; 2, waste water and residue discharge conduit; 3, biological purifying tank; 4, residue conveying belt; 5, residue treatment ecologic breeding ground; 6, the drainage pipeline of purifying waste water; 7, one-level water purifying tank; 8, one-level water purification filter wall; 9, secondary water purifying tank; 10, secondary water purification filter wall; 11, middle water reuse tank; 12, circulation water purification transport pipe.
Embodiment
Further detailed explanation the present invention of following examples, but the present invention is not limited to this embodiment.
Shown in accompanying drawing, a kind of aquatic product health cultivation and dirt Ecological Disposal and purified water recycling production system, comprise by aquatic products main body ecological culture pond, biological purifying tank, one-level water purifying tank, secondary water purifying tank, in water reuse tank, the structures such as residue treatment ecologic breeding ground form.According to the structure of production system, carry out engineering construction.At the bottom of described aquatic products main body ecological culture pond 1 installation oxygenating machine, micro-pore oxygenation pipeline, pond, residue washpipe, floated probiotics water purifier, water plant planting floating mat, connect biological purifying tanks 3 by waste water and residue discharge conduit 2; Described biological purifying tank 3 is installed ecological purified water device, water plant planting floating mat, the residue silt remover of declining that suspend, and by residue conveying belt 4, connects residue treatment ecologic breeding ground 5, and by purifying waste water, drainage pipeline 6 connects one-level water purifying tank 7; Snail earthworm and ecological breeding device, spiral shell earthworm and excrement pulp separator are laid in described residue treatment ecologic breeding ground 5, plant sweet sorghum, the high-stem plant such as field corn becomes sunshade growth belt; Ecological purified water device, the water plant planting floating mat of declining that suspend installed in described first class purification pond 7, with rubble, coarse sand, charcoal lump, in each 1/3rd ratio, builds one-level water purification filter wall 8, by one-level water purification filter wall 8, connects secondary water purifying tank 9; Described secondary water purifying tank 9 is installed ecological purified water device, the water plant planting floating mat of declining that suspend, and packs sandbag into and builds up secondary water purification filter wall 10, water reuse tank 11 in connecting by secondary water purification filter wall 10 with fine sand, charcoal powder in each ratio of 50%; Described middle water reuse tank 11 is installed ecological purified water device, the oxygenating machine of declining that suspend, and the plants such as Lotus planting form water plant planting ground, by circulation water purification transport pipe 2 is installed, is connected with aquatic products main body ecological culture pond 1.
Complete after the engineering of production system, implement cultivation operation.It is embodiment that the high-density of take is supported shrimp: the first suspension in each pond declines ecological purified water device by water quality and cultivates requirement and adds microecological microbial agent.Carry out water plant planting, aquatic products main body ecological culture pond 1 is placed water plant planting floating mat with 30% the water surface, inserts the aquatic vegetables such as kind of a mater convolvulus, Chinese celery in floating mat grid; Biological purifying tank 3 is placed water plant planting floating mat with 70% the water surface, inserts and plant the plants such as lotus, water peanut that swim in floating mat grid; One-level water purifying tank 7 and secondary water purifying tank 9 are placed water plant planting floating mat with 60% the water surface, insert kind of an aquatic vegetable in floating mat grid; Middle water reuse tank 11 is with 50% waterplant such as water surface planting lotus rhizome.Then, start oxygenating machine and cultivate operation.In aquatic products main body ecological culture pond 1, throw in shrimp seedling, fry, by every mu of water surface 150,000 tail shrimp seedlings, coordinate 100 tail spoon kiss fishes, carry out high-density ecological cultivation; At biological purifying tank 3, drop into catfish, Thailand open grave cowfish, spiral shell, a species of small clam living in fresh water; In first class purification pond 7 and secondary purification pond 9, drop into grass carp, silver carp, spiral shell, a species of small clam living in fresh water.In breeding process, aquatic products main body ecological culture pond 1 was changed to water scarfing cinder once in every 5 days, biological purifying tank all carries out residue desilting 3 every months.Middle water reuse tank 11 is transmitted back to the supplementary breeding water in aquatic ecological culturing pond 1 through the clean aquaculture water of biopurification by circulation water purification transport pipe 12.
Embodiment culture benefit is analyzed: the breeding ecological regulation and control of production system, optimized breeding environment, and implement the high-density breeding of shrimp, realize high production, high benefit.Every mu of water surface is put 150,000 tail shrimp seedlings in a suitable place to breed, often makes foster shrimp output and can reach 3000 kilograms to 5000 kilograms, according to different region temperature situations, can put every year 2 to 5 in a suitable place to breed and make shrimp.Aquatic vegetable plantation, can gather in the crops once for every 15 days to 20 days, and every mu of water surface can reach 300 kilograms to 500 kilograms at every turn, can gather in the crops every year left and right 15 times, produces per year and reaches more than 5000 kilograms.Biological purifying tank, water purifying tank, middle water reuse tank, in recycling economy mode, produce residue treatment ecologic breeding, its simple and convenient management, refuse reclamation, production cost is very low, and the rate of profit of comprehensive product is greater than the rate of profit of aquatic products main body culturing pool shrimpfish.In breeding process, realized fishery products healthy aquaculture, dirt " zero release ", ecological self-purification reparation, the repeatedly water that circulates, the compound increment of industrial chain multi-product economy.Water purification reuse, can save breeding water more than 70%.
Claims (10)
1. the aquaculture water cycle ecosystem, it is characterized in that: comprise aquatic products main body ecological culture pond, biological purifying tank, water purifying tank and residue treatment ecologic breeding ground, aquatic products main body ecological culture pond and biological purifying tank comprise respectively some floated microbial preparation water purifiers and water plant planting floating mat, described aquatic products main body ecological culture pond, biological purifying tank is connected by pipeline successively with water purifying tank, described water purifying tank comprises one-level water purifying tank, secondary water purifying tank and middle water reuse tank, between one-level water purifying tank and secondary water purifying tank, be provided with one-level water purification filter wall, between secondary water purifying tank and middle water reuse tank, be provided with secondary water purification filter wall, described middle water reuse tank connects aquatic products main body ecological culture pond by circulation water purification transport pipe, described biological purifying tank connects residue treatment ecologic breeding ground by residue conveying belt, described aquatic products main body ecological culture pond is connected by waste water and residue discharge conduit with first class purification pond.
2. the aquaculture water cycle ecosystem according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described aquatic products main body ecological culture pond comprises 2 ~ 5 floated microbial preparation water purifiers and 1 ~ 10 water plant planting floating mat, also comprise 1 ~ 3 oxygenating machine, article 3 ~ 10, residue washpipe at the bottom of micro-pore oxygenation pipeline and 3 ~ 8 ponds, described micro-pore oxygenation pipeline is distributed in around oxygenating machine, and floated microbial preparation water purifier and water plant planting floating mat are randomly dispersed in aquatic products main body culturing pool.
3. the aquaculture water cycle ecosystem according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described biological purifying tank comprises 2 ~ 5 floated microbial preparation water purifiers, 1 ~ 8 water plant planting floating mat, biological purifying tank also comprises residue silt remover, residue silt remover connects residue conveying belt, and described biological purifying tank connects one-level water purifying tank by the drainage pipeline of purifying waste water.
4. the aquaculture water cycle ecosystem according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described one-level water purifying tank comprises 1 ~ 5 floated microbial preparation water purifier, 1 ~ 5 water plant planting floating mat and one-level water purification filter wall, described one-level water purification filter wall thickness is 0.5 ~ 2 meter, with rubble, coarse sand and charcoal lump, form and filter body of wall, both sides fold with filter screen.
5. the aquaculture water cycle ecosystem according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described secondary water purifying tank comprises 1 ~ 3 floated microbial preparation water purifier, 1 ~ 3 water plant planting floating mat and secondary water purification filter wall, described secondary water purification filter wall thickness is 1 ~ 3 meter, packs sandbag into build up body of wall with fine sand, charcoal powder.
6. the aquaculture water cycle ecosystem according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described middle water reuse tank comprises 1 ~ 3 floated microbial preparation water purifier, 1 ~ 3 water plant planting floating mat and oxygenating machine, described middle water reuse tank connects aquatic products main body ecological culture pond by circulation water purification transport pipe.
7. according to the aquaculture water cycle ecosystem described in claim 1 ~ 6 any one, it is characterized in that: described micro-pore oxygenation pipe diameter is 1 ~ 3cm, at the bottom of pond, the diameter of residue washpipe is 2 ~ 5cm, and the area of water plant planting floating mat is 0.5 ~ 8m
2, described water plant planting floating mat comprises floating bed for planting aquatic plants, by the fixing surrounding of floating bed for planting aquatic plants of mao bamboon, then uses the two-sided parcel of netting, forms a mesh space, then, by waterplant interpenetration network, becomes water plant planting floating mat.
8. the aquaculture water cycle ecosystem according to claim 7, is characterized in that: described waterplant comprises aquatic vegetable and aquatic forage, and described aquatic vegetable comprises mater convolvulus, Wildcelery Herb, lotus rhizome; Aquatic forage comprises water lettuce, water peanut.
9. the aquaculture water cycle ecosystem according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described residue treatment ecologic breeding ground comprises snail earthworm and ecological breeding device, spiral shell excrement and excrement pulp separator and plant sunshade growth belt.
10. the aquaculture water cycle ecosystem according to claim 9, is characterized in that: described snail earthworm and ecological breeding device is case structure, top cultivation snail, middle leaky formula division plate, bottom breeding earthworm.
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CN104351025A (en) * | 2014-09-30 | 2015-02-18 | 颍上县中军农业科技开发有限公司 | Soilless cultivation method for water celery |
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CN104823650A (en) * | 2015-04-22 | 2015-08-12 | 淳安千岛湖丰禾果蔬专业合作社 | Water-breeding planting method of water celeries with green and yellow buds |
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CN110122398A (en) * | 2019-05-16 | 2019-08-16 | 贵州省水产研究所 | A kind of transposition recirculated water ecological cultivation system |
CN110214723A (en) * | 2019-05-31 | 2019-09-10 | 福建东水食品股份有限公司 | A kind of aquaculture method in artificial ecological system |
CN114342857A (en) * | 2021-12-29 | 2022-04-15 | 湖南省水产科学研究所 | Cold water fish mountainous area flowing water ecological breeding system |
CN114342857B (en) * | 2021-12-29 | 2022-12-02 | 湖南省水产科学研究所 | Cold water fish mountain area flowing water ecological culture system |
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Application publication date: 20140806 |