CN103181344B - Pearl culturing method - Google Patents
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- CN103181344B CN103181344B CN201210147421.8A CN201210147421A CN103181344B CN 103181344 B CN103181344 B CN 103181344B CN 201210147421 A CN201210147421 A CN 201210147421A CN 103181344 B CN103181344 B CN 103181344B
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- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 241000272525 Anas platyrhynchos Species 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium oxide Chemical compound [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 235000012255 calcium oxide Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000010984 cultured pearl Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 208000031872 Body Remains Diseases 0.000 claims description 6
- XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonia nh3 Chemical compound N.N XKMRRTOUMJRJIA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 244000309146 drought grass Species 0.000 claims description 6
- JEGUKCSWCFPDGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N h2o hydrate Chemical compound O.O JEGUKCSWCFPDGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000490567 Pinctada Species 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 abstract description 11
- 241000237536 Mytilus edulis Species 0.000 abstract description 6
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 abstract description 6
- 235000020638 mussel Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 6
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 abstract description 5
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 abstract description 5
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- FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyric acid Chemical compound CCCC(O)=O FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000010828 animal waste Substances 0.000 description 2
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- FDJOLVPMNUYSCM-WZHZPDAFSA-L cobalt(3+);[(2r,3s,4r,5s)-5-(5,6-dimethylbenzimidazol-1-yl)-4-hydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-3-yl] [(2r)-1-[3-[(1r,2r,3r,4z,7s,9z,12s,13s,14z,17s,18s,19r)-2,13,18-tris(2-amino-2-oxoethyl)-7,12,17-tris(3-amino-3-oxopropyl)-3,5,8,8,13,15,18,19-octamethyl-2 Chemical compound [Co+3].N#[C-].N([C@@H]([C@]1(C)[N-]\C([C@H]([C@@]1(CC(N)=O)C)CCC(N)=O)=C(\C)/C1=N/C([C@H]([C@@]1(CC(N)=O)C)CCC(N)=O)=C\C1=N\C([C@H](C1(C)C)CCC(N)=O)=C/1C)[C@@H]2CC(N)=O)=C\1[C@]2(C)CCC(=O)NC[C@@H](C)OP([O-])(=O)O[C@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@@H](N2C3=CC(C)=C(C)C=C3N=C2)O[C@@H]1CO FDJOLVPMNUYSCM-WZHZPDAFSA-L 0.000 description 1
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- IXORZMNAPKEEDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N gibberellic acid GA3 Natural products OC(=O)C1C2(C3)CC(=C)C3(O)CCC2C2(C=CC3O)C1C3(C)C(=O)O2 IXORZMNAPKEEDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- SEOVTRFCIGRIMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N indole-3-acetic acid Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(CC(=O)O)=CNC2=C1 SEOVTRFCIGRIMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the field of aquaculture, and discloses a pearl culturing method. The pearl culturing method comprises the following steps: disinfecting a dry pond by burnt lime and after carrying out solarization on the dry pond for 3 to 5 days, full filling fresh water into the dry pond; selecting pearl producing mussels with specification of 6 to 8 cm to carry out hanging culture; after mixing biogas slurry and fermented duck feces, carrying out fertilization, wherein the mass ratio of the biogas slurry to the fermented duck feces is 3:1 to 7:1, the use quantity of the biogas slurry applied to each 667 m<2> of water surface is 100 to 200 kg per day in March to December in each year and fertilization is stopped in January to February; and culturing the pearl producing mussels for two years. According to the invention, the mixture of the biogas slurry and the fermented duck feces is used as a fertilizer for culturing pearls; the biogas slurry has double effects of promoting growth of plankton and controlling diseases; both the biogas slurry and the fermented duck feces are subjected to anaerobic treatment and basically do not carry with pathogen; and meanwhile, effective utilization of the biogas slurry in the pearl culturing method also reduces the water environment problem caused by discharge, waste is made profitable, and the environment is protected.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to aquaculture field, relate in particular to a kind of method for pearl culture.
Background technology
China adopts to catch and utilize one of pearl country the earliest, and from last century the mid-80, China's pearl production just leaps to the first in the world, and annual fresh water pearl output reaches more than 1000 tons, becomes the country of world's pearl output quantity maximum.Pearl, in breeding process, has two crucial influence factors, and the one, the plankton quantity in water, pearl be take plankton as food, and Water Eutrophication degree is higher, and plankton is more, pearl growth is also rapider, and raiser often throws in chemical fertilizer or conventional fertilizer for this reason in water; The 2nd, the disease rate of pearl freshwater mussel (pearl culturing clam), pearl is vulnerable to the infection of pathogen and Mortality in breeding process.
In above-mentioned fertilizing method, add chemical fertilizer and can destroy water ecological setting, make pond water quality variation be unfavorable for cultured pearl, so raiser will change one time Chi Shui conventionally every 10 days, and the waste water emitting can pollute other water source, and increased the financial burden that peasant buys chemical fertilizer; And conventional fertilizer cultural technique is mainly that animal wastes are directly applied fertilizer, the shortcoming of this cultural technique is that pathogen is carried in animal wastes meeting, causes pearl freshwater mussel pathology, even dead.
On the other hand, along with the fast development of China's biogas engineering, the residual solution natural pond liquid after biogas fermentation is also more and more abundanter.If do not take effective measures and recycled, will bring environmental problem to water body.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to deficiency of the prior art, provide a kind of and can accelerate pearl culturing clam growth rate, reduce the method for pearl culture of pearl culturing clam morbidity and lethality.
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the present invention is solved by following technical proposals.
A method for pearl culture, comprises the following steps:
The first step, choose the irrigation and drainage pond of growing cultured pearls easily, before hanging culture pearl culturing clam 15～20 days, get rid of moisture, remove after periphery pasture and water and limit, ridge drought grass, with quicklime, the dry pool is carried out disinfection, tan by the sun after 3～5 days, fill it up with fresh water, 1.5～2.5 meters of the depth of waters, described fresh water water quality is pure and fresh, pollution-free, and water quality meets relevant national standard;
Second step, chooses the pearl culturing clam of 6～8cm, according to 800-1200 only/667m
2density hanging culture, the hanging culture degree of depth is 20～60cm;
The 3rd step, mixes rear fertilising by natural pond liquid with the duck excrement after fermentation, and the quality proportioning of the duck excrement after natural pond liquid and fermentation is 3:1～7:1, and wherein the consumption of natural pond liquid is: at the annual 3-12 month, every 667m
2water surface natural pond liquid consumption be 100-200kg/ days, stop the 1-2 month fertilising, during fertilising along waters surrounding make natural pond liquid with fermentation after duck excrement slowly dissolve in water;
This pearl culturing clam cultivation time limit is 2 years.
The natural pond liquid of biogas generating pit and the fermentation of duck excrement are all anaerobic processes, and the duck excrement after natural pond liquid and fermentation is all the product of Anaerobic Treatment, does not substantially carry pathogene.
Biogas fermentation is not only a process of producing biogas energy, is also one and makes fertile process, and natural pond liquid, as a kind of organic manure, contains the materials such as organic acid, B family vitamin, ammonium salt and antibiotic and can prevent disease in the liquid of natural pond, reduce nacreous lethality.In the liquid of natural pond, also containing the nutriments such as abundant nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, each amino acid, vitamin, protein, is a kind of fertilizer of high-quality, is extremely conducive to the planktonic growth in water body.
After duck manure fermentation, the pathogenic microorganism in ight soil can be murdered, the availability of ight soil nutrition can be improved simultaneously.Conventionally allow duck excrement natural packing ferment 5-6 month; In addition, available microbe fermentation method is processed duck excrement, can not only accelerate fermentation process, shortens fermentation time, avoids waste and improves the nutritive value of ight soil.
As preferably, the first step is by every 667m
2use 0.5-1kg lime disinfection.Quicklime amount is very few, sterilizes not thorough, and pearl is vulnerable to the infection of pathogen and death in breeding process; Growing cultured pearls pond in the winter time during the dry pool, be sprinkled into quicklime, is to play sterilization, and object is the generation that Second Year reduces disease while growing cultured pearls pond culture pearl; After the dry pool, then discharge water into the pool, now quicklime age lime already, is diluted by the water electrode the earth on the full pool again, and then puts into pearl culturing clam, for pearl culturing clam, has not constituted a threat to, and can reduce again pearl culturing clam morbidity and lethality simultaneously.
As preferably, the area in the pond of growing cultured pearls is 667-66700m
2.
As preferably, second step according to 800-1200 only/667m
2density raise in cages or net cage hanging culture.
As preferably, second step is according to 1000/667m
2density cultivate pearl culturing clam.
As preferably, the 3rd step by the consumption of month different natural ponds liquid is: the every 667m of the 3-5 month hydrostatic water surface
2consumption be 150kg/ days, every 667m of the 6-8 month
2consumption be 100kg/ days, every 667m of the 9-12 month
2consumption be 200kg/ days, stop the 1-2 month fertilising.
Pearl freshwater mussel growth in spring rapidly, starts to throw in fertilizer; Summer temperature is high, for preventing fertilizer part fermentation in water, consumes the oxygen in water, and fertilizing amount reduces.Autumn and early winter survive the winter for pearl freshwater mussel has enough bait, increase fertilizing amount.
As preferably, in the 3rd step fertilising process, it is 1-50mg/l that the pH of water body remains on 7～8, COD value, and ammonia nitrogen concentration is 0.1-2mg/l, and dissolved oxygen concentration is more than 5mg/L.
Duck excrement mixture after the present invention selects natural pond liquid and ferments is as the fertilizer of pearl culture, in the liquid of natural pond, contain abundant nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, each amino acid, vitamin, protein, gibberellin, growth hormone, carbohydrate, nucleic acid and antibiotic etc., and butyric acid, heteroauxin, cobalamin isoreactivity resistance material, therefore have and promote plankton growth and control the double action that disease occurs.After natural pond liquid and fermentation, duck excrement all passes through Anaerobic Treatment, does not substantially carry pathogene.In the present invention simultaneously, effective utilization of natural pond liquid has also reduced the water environmental problems that its discharge brings, turn waste into wealth, and protection of the environment.
Embodiment
The following stated is only preferred embodiment of the present invention, and all equalizations of doing according to the present patent application the scope of the claims change and modify, and all should belong to the covering scope of patent of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
The first step, choosing an area is 667m
2, the irrigation and drainage pond of growing cultured pearls easily, at hanging culture pearl culturing clam first 18 days, get rid of moisture, remove after periphery pasture and water and limit, ridge drought grass, with 0.8kg quicklime, dry pond is carried out disinfection, tan by the sun after 4 days, fill it up with fresh water, 2 meters of the depth of waters, described fresh water water quality is pure and fresh, pollution-free, water quality meets relevant national standard;
Second step, chooses the pearl culturing clam of 7cm, according to 1000/667m
2density hanging culture, the hanging culture degree of depth is 40cm;
The 3rd step, mixes fertilising by natural pond liquid with the duck excrement after fermentation, and quality proportioning is 5:1, and by month, the consumption of different natural ponds liquid is: when spring, water temperature was greater than 10 degrees Celsius, and the every 667m of the 3-5 month hydrostatic water surface
2consumption be 150kg/ days, when summer, water temperature was higher than 25 degrees Celsius, reduce fertilizing amount, every 667m of the 6-8 month
2consumption be 100kg/ days, water temperature is lower than increasing autumn of 15 degrees Celsius and early winter dosage, every 667m of the 9-12 month
2consumption be 200kg/ days, stop the 1-2 month fertilising.It is 25mg/l that the pH of water body remains on 7.5, COD value, and ammonia nitrogen concentration is 1mg/l, and dissolved oxygen concentration is more than 5mg/L.Second Year repeats above-mentioned cultural method.
This pearl culturing clam cultivation time limit is 2 years.
Culture experiment through one-period: this method and conventional cultivation method correction data statistics are as shown in the following chart.
By the visible cultural method of the present invention of correction data, make the yield and quality of pearl all obtain raising in various degree.
Embodiment 2
The first step, choosing an area is 6670m
2, the irrigation and drainage pond of growing cultured pearls easily, at hanging culture pearl culturing clam first 20 days, get rid of moisture, remove after periphery pasture and water and limit, ridge drought grass, with 1kg quicklime, dry pond is carried out disinfection, tan by the sun after 5 days, fill it up with fresh water, 2.5 meters of the depth of waters, described fresh water water quality is pure and fresh, pollution-free, water quality meets relevant national standard;
Second step, chooses the pearl culturing clam of 8cm, according to 1200/667m
2density hanging culture, the hanging culture degree of depth is 60cm;
The 3rd step, mixes fertilising by natural pond liquid with the duck excrement after fermentation, and quality proportioning is 3:1, and by month, the consumption of different natural ponds liquid is: when spring, water temperature was greater than 10 degrees Celsius, and the every 667m of the 3-5 month hydrostatic water surface
2consumption be 150kg/ days, when summer, water temperature was higher than 25 degrees Celsius, reduce fertilizing amount, every 667m of the 6-8 month
2consumption be 100kg/ days, water temperature is lower than increasing autumn of 15 degrees Celsius and early winter dosage, every 667m of the 9-12 month
2consumption be 200kg/ days, stop the 1-2 month fertilising.It is 25mg/l that the pH of water body remains on 7.5, COD value, and ammonia nitrogen concentration is 1mg/l, and dissolved oxygen concentration is more than 5mg/L.Second Year repeats above-mentioned cultural method.
This pearl culturing clam cultivation time limit is 2 years.
Culture experiment through one-period: this method and conventional cultivation method correction data statistics are as shown in the following chart.
By the visible cultural method of the present invention of correction data, make the yield and quality of pearl all obtain raising in various degree.
Embodiment 3
The first step, choosing an area is 66700m
2, the irrigation and drainage pond of growing cultured pearls easily, at hanging culture pearl culturing clam first 15 days, get rid of moisture, remove after periphery pasture and water and limit, ridge drought grass, with 0.5kg quicklime, dry pond is carried out disinfection, tan by the sun after 3 days, fill it up with fresh water, 1.5 meters of the depth of waters, described fresh water water quality is pure and fresh, pollution-free, water quality meets relevant national standard;
Second step, chooses the pearl culturing clam of 6cm, according to 800/667m
2density hanging culture, the hanging culture degree of depth is 40cm;
The 3rd step, mixes fertilising by natural pond liquid with the duck excrement after fermentation, and quality proportioning is 7:1, and by month, the consumption of different natural ponds liquid is: when spring, water temperature was greater than 10 degrees Celsius, and the every 667m of the 3-5 month hydrostatic water surface
2consumption be 150kg/ days, when summer, water temperature was higher than 25 degrees Celsius, reduce fertilizing amount, every 667m of the 6-8 month
2consumption be 100kg/ days, water temperature is lower than increasing autumn of 15 degrees Celsius and early winter dosage, every 667m of the 9-12 month
2consumption be 200kg/ days, stop the 1-2 month fertilising.It is 25mg/l that the pH of water body remains on 7.5, COD value, and ammonia nitrogen concentration is 1mg/l, and dissolved oxygen concentration is more than 5mg/L.Second Year repeats above-mentioned cultural method.
This pearl culturing clam cultivation time limit is 2 years.
Culture experiment through one-period: this method and conventional cultivation method correction data statistics are as shown in the following chart.
By the visible cultural method of the present invention of correction data, make the yield and quality of pearl all obtain raising in various degree.
Embodiment 4
The first step, chooses a 667m
2the irrigation and drainage pond of growing cultured pearls easily, at hanging culture pearl culturing clam first 19 days, get rid of moisture, remove after periphery pasture and water and limit, ridge drought grass, with quicklime, the dry pool is carried out disinfection, tan by the sun after 5 days, fill it up with fresh water, 2 meters of the depth of waters, described fresh water water quality is pure and fresh, pollution-free, and water quality meets relevant national standard;
Second step, chooses the pearl culturing clam of 7cm, according to 1000/667m
2density hanging culture, the hanging culture degree of depth is 50cm;
The 3rd step, mixes fertilising by natural pond liquid with the duck excrement after fermentation, and by month, the consumption of different natural ponds liquid is: when spring, water temperature was greater than 10 degrees Celsius, and the every 667m of the 3-5 month hydrostatic water surface
2consumption be 150kg/ days, when summer, water temperature was higher than 25 degrees Celsius, reduce fertilizing amount, every 667m of the 6-8 month
2consumption be 100kg/ days, water temperature is lower than increasing autumn of 15 degrees Celsius and early winter dosage, every 667m of the 9-12 month
2consumption be 200kg/ days, stop the 1-2 month fertilising.The pH of water body remains on 7-8, and COD value is 20mg/l, and ammonia nitrogen concentration is 1mg/l, and dissolved oxygen concentration is more than 5mg/L.Second Year repeats above-mentioned cultural method.
This pearl culturing clam cultivation time limit is 2 years.
Duck excrement in the 3rd step after natural pond liquid and fermentation, by the natural pond liquid that drops into different amounts month, simultaneously according to natural pond liquid with ferment after the quality proportioning of duck excrement add duck excrement, obtain pearl production difference, as shown in the table.
Conclusion: when the quality proportioning of natural pond liquid and duck excrement is 5:1, pearl production is the highest, when the quality proportioning of natural pond liquid and duck excrement increases or reduces, pearl production starts to decline.When 3:1-7:1, output is relatively high.
Claims (3)
1. a method for pearl culture, comprises the following steps:
The first step, choose the irrigation and drainage pond of growing cultured pearls easily, before hanging culture pearl culturing clam 15～20 days, get rid of moisture, remove after periphery pasture and water and limit, ridge drought grass, with quicklime, the dry pool is carried out disinfection, tan by the sun after 3～5 days, fill it up with fresh water, 1.5～2.5 meters of the depth of waters, described fresh water water quality is pure and fresh, pollution-free;
Second step, chooses the pearl culturing clam of 6～8cm, according to 800-1200 only/667m
2density hanging culture, the hanging culture degree of depth is 20～60cm;
The 3rd step, after natural pond liquid and fermentation, duck excrement all passes through Anaerobic Treatment, and natural pond liquid is mixed to rear fertilising with the duck excrement after fermentation, and quality proportioning is 3:1～7:1, at the annual 3-12 month, every 667m
2water surface natural pond liquid consumption be 100-200kg/ days, stop the 1-2 month fertilising, during fertilising along waters surrounding make natural pond liquid with fermentation after duck excrement slowly dissolve in water;
This pearl culturing clam cultivation time limit is 2 years,
The first step is by every 667m
2use 0.5-1kg lime disinfection;
In the 3rd step fertilising process, it is 1-50mg/l that the pH of water body remains on 7～8, COD value, and ammonia nitrogen concentration is 0.1-2mg/l, and dissolved oxygen concentration is more than 5mg/L.
2. a kind of method for pearl culture according to claim 1, is characterized in that: second step is according to 1000/667m
2the density of the water surface is cultivated pearl oyster.
3. a kind of method for pearl culture according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the 3rd step by the consumption of month different natural ponds liquid is: every 667m of the 3-5 month
2the consumption of the water surface is 150kg/ days, every 667m of the 6-8 month
2consumption be 100kg/ days, every 667m of the 9-12 month
2the consumption of the water surface is 200kg/ days, stops fertilising the 1-2 month.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201210147421.8A CN103181344B (en) | 2012-05-14 | 2012-05-14 | Pearl culturing method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201210147421.8A CN103181344B (en) | 2012-05-14 | 2012-05-14 | Pearl culturing method |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN103181344A CN103181344A (en) | 2013-07-03 |
| CN103181344B true CN103181344B (en) | 2014-12-10 |
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| CN107278999A (en) * | 2017-05-28 | 2017-10-24 | 叶冠先 | Pearl method for quickly breeding |
| CN107258637A (en) * | 2017-05-28 | 2017-10-20 | 叶冠先 | Pearl ecological cultivation method |
| CN107182872A (en) * | 2017-05-28 | 2017-09-22 | 叶冠先 | Pearl high-yield cultivation method |
| CN110269018B (en) * | 2019-07-04 | 2022-01-07 | 湖南文理学院 | Freshwater aquaculture method for breeding pearl mussel seeds with high yield |
| CN110537511B (en) * | 2019-08-19 | 2021-07-20 | 湖南文理学院 | Oxygen enrichment method for freshwater mussel culture based on biological technology |
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