CN107787890B - Compound ecological planting and breeding system for crabs and rice - Google Patents

Compound ecological planting and breeding system for crabs and rice Download PDF

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Publication number
CN107787890B
CN107787890B CN201711138708.3A CN201711138708A CN107787890B CN 107787890 B CN107787890 B CN 107787890B CN 201711138708 A CN201711138708 A CN 201711138708A CN 107787890 B CN107787890 B CN 107787890B
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ditch
area
crab
rice
width
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CN107787890A (en
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陆诗敏
刘兴国
刘雪
王小冬
程果锋
曾宪磊
龙丽娜
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Fishery Machinery and Instrument Research Institute of CAFS
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Fishery Machinery and Instrument Research Institute of CAFS
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01KANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K61/00Culture of aquatic animals
    • A01K61/50Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
    • A01K61/59Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of crustaceans, e.g. lobsters or shrimps
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01KANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K63/00Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
    • A01K63/04Arrangements for treating water specially adapted to receptacles for live fish
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/80Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
    • Y02A40/81Aquaculture, e.g. of fish

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
  • Animal Husbandry (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a crab-rice composite ecological planting and breeding system, which comprises a rice field area, a crab ditch area, ridges, a water inlet ditch, a drainage ditch, escape-proof walls and bridges, wherein the crab ditch area is arranged on the rice field area; wherein the length-width ratio of the rice field area is 2.5-3: 1; the cross section of the crab ditch area is of an inverted trapezoidal structure, and the depth of the crab ditch area is 1.3-1.5 m; the width of the top of the crab ditch area is 5-6 m, and the width of the bottom of the crab ditch area is 1-1.5 m; the slope ratio of the slope of the crab ditch region is 1: 1.5 to 2.0; the cross section of the water inlet ditch is of an inverted trapezoidal structure, the depth of the water inlet ditch is 0.4-0.5 m, the width of the top of the water inlet ditch is 0.5-0.6 m, and the width of the bottom of the water inlet ditch is 0.4-0.5 m; the depth is 0.4-0.5 m; the width of the drainage ditch is 0.5-0.6 m, and the height of the drainage ditch is 0.8-1.0 m; the bridge width of the bridge is 7-8 m, the width of the bridge opening is 2m, and the bridge height is 1.0-1.2 m; the distance between the escape-proof wall and the crab ditch area is 0.5m, the bottom of the escape-proof wall is buried in the soil by 10-15 cm, the escape-proof wall is 50cm higher than the ground, and cement piles are adopted for fixing every 40-50 cm; the top of the ridge is 20-30cm higher than the rice field area, and the width of the ridge is 30 cm.

Description

Compound ecological planting and breeding system for crabs and rice
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of crab culture in rice fields, in particular to a crab and rice composite ecological culture and culture system.
Background
The crab culture in paddy field is a high-efficiency three-dimensional ecological agriculture. Weeds in the rice field, ineffective tillering of rice plants, river snails, benthonic animals and the like can provide part of bait resources for river crabs; the rice plant can also provide a place for river crabs to inhabit and conceal, and reduce the mutual killing; the residual bait and excrement of river crab can increase the organic matter content in soil and provide rice with N, P, K and other nutritive elements. The river crabs and rice produced by the compound ecological breeding are rich in nutrition, green and pollution-free, are deeply welcomed by the users, and are worthy of large-area popularization.
Patent application No. 201611038553.1 discloses a symbiotic cultivation method for rice and crabs, which comprises the following steps: firstly, setting a temporary rearing pond; secondly, digging crab ditches and drainage ditches in the breeding rice fields; thirdly, planting rice; fourthly, preventing escaping from the wall; fifthly, treating the temporary rearing pond and the river crab seedling temporary rearing; sixthly, temporarily culturing and managing river crab seedlings; seventhly, temporarily culturing the river crab seedlings and then putting the river crab seedlings into a culture rice field for management; and eighthly, catching the river crabs.
Although the method can be used for cultivating river crabs in paddy fields, the following defects still exist:
1. 201611038553.1 patent, the crab ditches are too small, especially in arid areas, and are prone to water shortage. Secondly, the crab ditches without certain slope ratio are easy to collapse under the soaking of water, and river crabs cannot make holes and do not accord with the life habits of the river crabs. Under the environment, the growth speed of river crabs is slow, adult crab individuals are small, the selling price is low, and the purpose of increasing income cannot be achieved. Thirdly, according to the proportion of the temporary rearing pond, the area of the paddy field in the 201611038553.1 patent is supposed to be about 10 mu, if only a circular ditch of about 1 m is provided, the proportion of the whole system occupied by the crab ditch is too small, the number of the cultivated crabs is relatively small, the metabolic waste of the crabs and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium elements in the residual bait cannot meet the requirement of paddy growth, and the aim of maximizing the utilization of resources cannot be realized due to the additional large amount of fertilizer application. In addition, the mechanized operation of the rice field can be seriously affected by arranging the 'Jing' -shaped crab ditches in the rice field.
2. 201611038553.1 patent, the rice is planted in a relatively backward manner because the crab ditches are around the rice field, and the ventilation around the field is relatively good, so the rice can be planted densely in the field. Secondly, the rice transplanting mode in the prior art is inconvenient for river crabs to climb in the rice field and enter the rice field for operation manually.
3. 201611038553.1 patent, the crab ditch and the paddy field are connected with each other, and this layout will affect the growth of both the rice and the river crab, because the river crab needs water and the rice needs to be "sunned" and the water is cut off periodically during the whole cultivation period. Therefore, this layout in the prior art does not meet the requirements.
4. 201611038553.1, it is not suitable for large-scale mechanized operation because of lack of operation path for mechanical equipment such as rice harvester and cultivator.
5. 201611038553.1 discloses a method for cultivating rice and crabs in general, and does not relate to the layout and specific technical parameters of different functional areas of a crab-rice complex ecosystem.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a crab-rice composite ecological planting and breeding system aiming at the defects in the prior art so as to solve the problems in the prior art.
The technical problem solved by the invention can be realized by adopting the following technical scheme:
a crab-rice composite ecological planting and breeding system comprises a breeding area, a ridge for dividing the breeding area into an inner rice field area and an outer crab ditch area, a water inlet ditch for supplementing water to the rice field area and the crab ditch area, a drainage ditch for discharging redundant water in the rice field area and the crab ditch area, an escape-proof wall arranged on the outer side of the crab ditch area, and a bridge for enabling agricultural machinery to enter the rice field area for mechanical operation;
the length-width ratio of the paddy field area is 2.5 ~ 3: 1;
the cross section of the crab ditch area is of an inverted trapezoid structure, the depth of the crab ditch area is 1.3 ~ 1.5.5 m, the width of the top of the crab ditch area is 5 ~ 6m, the width of the bottom of the crab ditch area is 1 ~ 1.5m, and the slope ratio of slopes of the crab ditch area is 1: 1.5 ~ 2.0.0;
the cross section of the water inlet ditch is of an inverted trapezoidal structure, the depth of the water inlet ditch is 0.4 ~ 0.5.5 m, the width of the top of the water inlet ditch is 0.5 ~ 0.6.6 m, the width of the bottom of the water inlet ditch is 0.4 ~ 0.5.5 m, and the depth of the water inlet ditch is 0.4 ~ 0.5.5 m;
the width of the drainage ditch is 0.5 ~ 0.6.6 m, and the height of the drainage ditch is 0.8 ~ 1.0.0 m;
the bridge width of the bridge is 7 ~ 8m, the width of the bridge opening is 2m, and the bridge height is 1.0 ~ 1.2.2 m;
the distance between the escape-proof wall and the crab ditch area is 0.5m, the bottom of the escape-proof wall is buried in the soil by 10 ~ 15cm, the escape-proof wall is 50cm higher than the ground, and cement piles are adopted for fixing every 40-50 cm;
the top of the ridge is 20-30cm higher than the rice field area, and the width of the ridge is 30 cm.
Further, the water inlet pipe is communicated with the paddy field area through the first water inlet pipe, and the water inlet pipe is communicated with the crab ditch area through the second water inlet pipe.
Furthermore, weeds suitable for local growth are planted on the slope of the crab ditch area, and the stonewort or the water peanuts are planted in the crab ditch area.
Furthermore, the bottom of the water inlet ditch is not lower than the paddy field area, and the water inlet channel is communicated with the paddy field area and the crab ditch area through a PVC pipe with a ball valve or a simple gate.
Furthermore, the bottom of the drainage ditch is not higher than the bottom of the crab ditch area, and a water-proof gate and an escape-proof net are arranged in the drainage ditch.
Further, the area of the crab ditch area is 20 ~ 25% of the area of the culture area.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) by scientifically arranging the crab ditches and the rice field planting area proportion, the depth, the width and the slope ratio of the crab ditches, the water inlet ditches and the water outlet ditches, more than 1200 jin of organic rice and more than 50 jin of river crabs can be produced, the average specifications of female crabs and male crabs respectively reach more than 125 g and 150 g, and the economic benefit per mu is improved by more than 1000 yuan compared with that of single rice.
2) The bridge is built on the crab ditch area on one side close to the road, so that the large-scale mechanized operation of rice planting can be met and river crab cultivation can be conveniently carried out on the premise of not damaging the crab ditch area.
3) The water quality of the crab ditch in the whole culture period is kept good while the maximum utilization of resources is realized, and the concentrations of ammonia nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen are respectively lower than 1.0 mg/L and 0.05 mg/L.
4) The rice planting mode of dense rows and double-leaning rows is adopted, so that space resources are fully utilized, and river crabs can climb in the rice field and enter the rice field to operate manually.
5) The field ridge is adopted to separate the crab ditches from the rice field, so that water bodies in the crab ditches and the rice field cannot be communicated, and an ecological system which is mutually connected and relatively independent is established, thereby meeting the growth requirements of river crabs and rice.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the crab-rice composite ecological planting and breeding system.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical means, the creation characteristics, the achievement purposes and the effects of the invention easy to understand, the invention is further described with the specific embodiments.
Referring to fig. 1, the compound ecological planting and breeding system for crabs and rice, provided by the invention, comprises a breeding area 1, a ridge 11 for dividing the breeding area 1 into an internal rice field area 12 and an external crab ditch area 13, a water inlet ditch 2 for supplementing water to the rice field area 12 and the crab ditch area 13, a drainage ditch 3 for discharging excessive water in the rice field area 12 and the crab ditch area 13, an anti-escape wall 14 arranged outside the crab ditch area 13, and a bridge 15 for allowing agricultural machinery to enter the rice field area 12 for mechanical operation;
in this example, the total area of the paddy field area and the crab ditch area is 10 ~ 15 mu, wherein,
the crab ditch area occupies 20 ~ 25% of the total area of the crab-rice composite ecosystem and surrounds the periphery of the rice field, is 1.3 ~ 1.5.5 m deep, has an upper opening width of 5 ~ 6m and a bottom of 1 ~ 1.5.5 m, has a slope ratio of 1: 1.5 ~ 2.0.0, is protected by weeds which are suitable for local growth, is not suitable for cement boards or masonry, plants such as alternaria philoxeroides or alternanthera philoxeroides are planted in ditches, and is used as a vegetarian bait and a hidden habitat of river crabs.
The water inlet ditch is used for supplementing water to the paddy field or the crab ditch, the width of the upper opening is 0.5 ~ 0.6.6 m, the width of the bottom is 0.4 ~ 0.5.5 m, the depth is 0.4 ~ 0.5.5 m, the ditch bottom is not lower than the paddy field, the ditch bottom can be constructed by cement precast slabs, and the ditch bottom can be communicated with the crab ditch and the paddy field through PVC pipes with ball valves or simple gates.
The drainage ditch is used for draining redundant water in a crab ditch area and a rice field area, preventing flood and waterlogging, one end of the drainage ditch is communicated with the crab ditch, the other end of the drainage ditch is communicated with an external river, the ditch bottom is not higher than the bottom of the crab ditch area, the ditch width is 0.5 ~ 0.6.6 m, the ditch height is 0.8 ~ 1.0.0 m, the drainage ditch is suitable for being built by masonry bricks, silt is easy to deposit in the drainage ditch, the drainage ditch is convenient to clean, the upper opening of the drainage ditch is paved by cement precast slabs, pedestrians and agricultural machinery are facilitated, one end of the crab ditch area is communicated with each other, a water discharge gate and a 60-80-mesh escape-proof net are arranged, and when water is discharged, the gate is lifted, and water.
The bridge is built on the crab ditch at one side close to the road, the width of the bridge is 7 ~ 8m, the mechanized operation of large agricultural machinery entering the paddy field is facilitated, the width of a bridge opening is about 2m, the height of the bridge opening is 1.0 ~ 1.2.2 m, the bridge pier can be built by masonry, a cement precast slab is paved on the bridge pier, and the bridge deck is parallel to the paddy field area or slightly higher.
The anti-escape wall is positioned outside the crab ditch area and used for preventing crabs from escaping, the anti-escape wall is separated from the ditch edge by a distance of about 0.5m, the anti-escape wall is made of galvanized iron sheets and is embedded into the soil by 10 ~ 15cm, the rest part of the anti-escape wall is 50cm higher than the ground, and cement piles are used for fixing the anti-escape wall every 40-50 cm.
Ridge making: is positioned between the paddy field area and the crab ditch area and is used for storing water in the paddy field. 20-30cm higher than the rice field area and about 30cm wide, and is tamped by soil. The crabs can enter the rice field area through the ridges to search for food, or enter the crab ditch area again from the rice field area.
And (3) paddy field areas: before planting, the method can realize early flat land, early deep ploughing, early field soaking and scientific fertilization. Generally, when deep ploughing is carried out in a paddy field area, enough organic fertilizer is applied at one time, and about 100 kilograms of commercial organic fertilizer is used per mu. The rice seedling transplantation adopts a cultivation mode of double leaning rows (narrow row spacing is 20 cm, wide row spacing is 40 cm) and side row spacing (transplanting area in 80 cm at the side of the crab ditch).
The utility model can produce over 1200 jin of organic rice and over 50 jin of river crabs every mu every year. The average specifications of the female crabs and the male crabs respectively reach more than 125 g and 150 g. The economic benefit per mu is improved by more than 1000 yuan compared with that of single rice. The system can realize the maximum utilization of resources, the water quality of the crab ditch in the whole culture period is kept good, and the ammonia nitrogen concentration and the nitrite nitrogen concentration are respectively lower than 1.0 mg/L and 0.05 mg/L.
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles and broad features of the present invention and advantages thereof. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.

Claims (5)

1. A crab and rice composite ecological planting and breeding system comprises a breeding area (1), a ridge (11) for dividing the breeding area (1) into an internal rice field area (12) and an external crab ditch area (13), a water inlet ditch (2) for supplementing water to the rice field area (12) and the crab ditch area (13), a drainage ditch (3) for discharging excessive water in the rice field area (12) and the crab ditch area (13), an escape-proof wall (14) arranged on the external side of the crab ditch area (13), and a bridge (15) for enabling agricultural machinery to enter the rice field area (12) for mechanical operation;
it is characterized in that the length-width ratio of the paddy field area (12) is 2.5 ~ 3:1, the narrow row spacing and the wide row spacing of the transplanting of the rice seedlings in the paddy field area (12) are 20 cm and 40 cm respectively, and the paddy field area (12) is close to the crab ditch area (13)
Densely planting rice in an area within 80 cm from the side;
the cross section of the crab ditch region (13) is of an inverted trapezoid structure, the depth of the crab ditch region (13) is 1.3 ~ 1.5.5 m, the width of the top of the crab ditch region (13) is 5 ~ 6m, the width of the bottom of the crab ditch region (13) is 1 ~ 1.5.5 m, and the slope ratio of the slope of the crab ditch region (13) is 1: 1.5 ~ 2.0.0;
the section of the water inlet ditch (2) is of an inverted trapezoidal structure, the depth of the water inlet ditch (2) is 0.4 ~ 0.5.5 m, the width of the top of the water inlet ditch (2) is 0.5 ~ 0.6.6 m, the width of the bottom of the water inlet ditch (2) is 0.4 ~ 0.5.5 m, and the depth of the water inlet ditch is 0.4 ~ 0.5.5 m;
the width of the drainage ditch (3) is 0.5 ~ 0.6.6 m, and the height of the drainage ditch (3) is 0.8 ~ 1.0.0 m;
the bridge width of the bridge (15) is 7 ~ 8m, the width of the bridge opening is 2m, and the bridge height is 1.0 ~ 1.2.2 m;
the distance between the escape-proof wall (14) and the crab ditch area (13) is 0.5m, the bottom of the escape-proof wall (14) is buried in the soil by 10 ~ 15cm, the height of the escape-proof wall (14) is 50cm higher than the ground, and cement piles are adopted to fix the wall every 40-50 cm;
the top of the ridge (11) is 20-30cm higher than the rice field area, and the width of the ridge (11) is 30 cm;
the water inlet ditch (2) is communicated with the rice field area (12) through a first water inlet pipe (21), and the water inlet ditch (2) is communicated with the crab ditch area (13) through a second water inlet pipe (22).
2. The crab-rice composite ecological planting and breeding system as claimed in claim 1, wherein: weeds suitable for local growth are planted on the slope of the crab ditch area (13), and stonewort or alternanthera philoxeroides are planted in the crab ditch area (13).
3. The crab-rice composite ecological planting and breeding system as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the bottom of the water inlet ditch (2) is not lower than the rice field area (12), and the water inlet ditch (2) is communicated with the rice field area (12) and the crab ditch area (13) through a PVC pipe with a ball valve or a simple gate.
4. The crab-rice composite ecological planting and breeding system as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the bottom of the drainage ditch (3) is not higher than the bottom of the crab ditch area (13), and a water-proof gate and an escape-proof net are arranged in the drainage ditch (3).
5. The crab-rice composite ecological planting and breeding system as claimed in claim 1, wherein the area of the crab ditch area (13) is 20 ~ 25% of the area of the breeding area.
CN201711138708.3A 2017-11-16 2017-11-16 Compound ecological planting and breeding system for crabs and rice Expired - Fee Related CN107787890B (en)

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CN109662050A (en) * 2018-12-16 2019-04-23 益阳铁军农业科技发展有限公司 A kind of lobster multiple stocking and multiple fishing paddy field aquaculture method
CN111406697A (en) * 2020-04-08 2020-07-14 安徽沃土稻虾养殖专业合作社 Ecological paddy field culture shrimp water quality control system

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CN205884381U (en) * 2016-07-31 2017-01-18 贵州大学 Field structure of mountain area paddy field fish culture water level regulation and control
CN206274900U (en) * 2016-12-10 2017-06-27 南京清色风农业发展有限公司 A kind of Rice Cropping ecosystem

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