CN214178195U - Rice field civil engineering standard structure under rice and shrimp mode of farming altogether - Google Patents
Rice field civil engineering standard structure under rice and shrimp mode of farming altogether Download PDFInfo
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- CN214178195U CN214178195U CN202022594011.0U CN202022594011U CN214178195U CN 214178195 U CN214178195 U CN 214178195U CN 202022594011 U CN202022594011 U CN 202022594011U CN 214178195 U CN214178195 U CN 214178195U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a paddy field civil engineering standard construction under rice shrimp mode of farming altogether, the paddy field civil engineering structure includes: the planting field comprises planting field blocks, annular ditches, outer annular ridges, inner annular ridges, a water inlet pipeline and a water outlet pipeline, wherein the planting field blocks are rectangular or square, the annular ditches are tightly attached to and surround the peripheries of the planting field blocks, the outer annular ridges are higher than the planting field blocks, the inner annular ridges are arranged on the outer sides of the planting field blocks, and the annular ditches are arranged between the planting field blocks. The utility model discloses abundant combine together with production reality, on the basis that does not increase work load and cost on the whole, fully agree with crayfish and rice growth period, can catch crayfish by the high efficiency, the suitable period rotary tillage is planted the seedling and is optimized to rice and shrimp and make field engineering facility altogether.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to an agricultural field, concretely relates to paddy field civil engineering standard structure under the mode is done altogether to rice shrimp.
Background
Agricultural non-point source pollution caused by long-term large fertilizer and pesticide investment in agricultural production in China already causes numerous ecological environment problems, and the improvement of rural ecological environment and the sustainable development of agriculture are severely restricted. The crayfish breeding device is suitable for the comprehensive breeding development of rice and fish and the structural reform of the agricultural supply side, the rice and shrimp co-culture mode integrates rice planting and crayfish breeding, crayfish breeding can be carried out in a rice field through certain engineering construction, and the rice field can produce crayfish while producing high-quality rice. By 9 months in 2019, the rice and shrimp joint cropping area in China is over 1200 ten thousand mu, and the annual output value of the whole industrial chain of crayfishes is over 4000 billion yuan. Generally speaking, the average yield per mu of the rice in the rice and shrimp co-farming mode is more than 500kg, the average yield per mu of the crayfish is 120-150kg, the average yield per mu can reach 5000 yuan, and the yield is increased by more than 3000 yuan compared with the traditional planting modes such as single rice farming or rice and wheat rotation farming.
Under the background of rapid development of a rice and shrimp co-operation mode, technical matching is still imperfect, field engineering construction is not standard, and the ditch and pit ratio is generally over 10 percent, and some are even over 30 percent due to better economic benefit of the crayfishes. Due to the concept of 'heavy shrimp light rice', the excessive digging of the annular ditch causes the damage of a rice field plough layer and the reduction of the rice yield, and deviates from the original purpose of 'mainly rice and promoting rice by shrimps' of a rice and shrimp co-operation mode. Therefore, the area of the annular groove cannot be too large, and the groove pit ratio is strictly within 10 percent.
Meanwhile, most of the existing field projects in the rice and shrimp co-farming mode do not consider the integration of the annular ditch and the rice field, contradictions are generated due to incomplete consistency of water level requirements in rice planting and crayfish breeding, for example, muddy water is easy to enter the annular ditch due to rice field rotation transplanting and field drying, so that adverse effects such as water quality deterioration of the annular ditch, water plant decay, crayfish injury and death are caused, the crayfish in the annular ditch is damaged, and meanwhile, due to the fact that a certain water level needs to be regularly reduced for crayfish mating and breeding in 7-9 months, the crayfish enters the hole and the emergence time is advanced, and normal filling of the rice is affected. Therefore, an inner ridge is required to be arranged to ensure that the annular ditch and the rice field are relatively independent.
One side of an existing rice and shrimp joint-farming block close to a ridge is too steep and narrow, farming activities are inconvenient to conduct, a small number of blocks are transformed in a slope and ridge plates mode, and the area of an annular ditch is enlarged due to the fact that the slope is too long and the ridge plates are too large.
In addition, the current rice and shrimp joint farmland block engineering construction generally neglects the selection of engineering materials such as water inlet and outlet pipelines, escape-proof facilities and the like, adopts a common PVC pipeline, has short service life of water inlet and outlet, is easy to cause the explosion and blockage of the pipeline, and therefore needs to be rectified and reformed, and can cause great harm to the growth of rice and the culture of crayfishes; the escape-proof facilities generally adopt color steel tiles or escape-proof glass, and have high cost and insecurity; and the construction of the escape-proof facilities is generally an independent construction unit, which not only occupies more land, but also is not beneficial to the stable and durable use of the escape-proof facilities.
In a word, the existing rice and shrimp co-operation engineering construction has more problems in annular trench excavation, material selection and escape prevention, increases investment and production risks, and is not beneficial to the exertion of comprehensive benefits of the rice and shrimp co-operation mode. Although the research on the rice and shrimp joint cropping mode is more, the current research is mainly limited to the proposal of an optimization scheme in a certain link of field engineering construction, and a standardized and standardized field engineering construction scheme is rarely reported.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
To the above problem, the utility model provides a standard paddy field civil engineering standard construction under the mode is done altogether to rice shrimp, a serial communication port, the paddy field civil engineering standard construction includes: the water-saving planting device comprises a planting field block, an annular ditch, an outer annular ridge, an inner annular ridge, a water inlet pipeline, a water outlet pipeline and an escape-preventing facility, wherein the planting field block is rectangular or square, the annular ditch is tightly attached to and surrounds the periphery of the planting field block, the height of the outer annular ridge is higher than that of the planting field block, one end of the water inlet pipeline is arranged in the annular ditch, the other end of the water inlet pipeline is arranged at a high-water level water source region, and a pipe orifice is higher than the water surface of the high-water level water source region; one end of the water outlet pipeline is arranged in the low-water-level drainage area, the other end of the water outlet pipeline is arranged in the annular ditch, the pipe orifice of the water outlet pipeline is higher than the water surface of the annular ditch, and the inner annular ridge is arranged on the outer side of the planting field blocks and between the annular ditch and the planting field blocks.
Preferably, the water inlet pipeline and the water outlet pipeline are both right-angle bent pipes, one side of each right-angle bent pipe is horizontal, the other side of each right-angle bent pipe is vertical, the vertical end of each right-angle bent pipe is higher than the corresponding liquid level, and the number of the water outlet pipelines is at least two.
Preferably, at least one secondary platform is arranged between the outer ring ridge and the annular ditch on the outer ring ridge on the side close to the tractor-ploughing road, and the secondary platform is lower than the outer ring ridge and is slightly higher than or level with the planting field block.
Preferably, a feeding table is arranged on the secondary platform every 5 meters, and a cluster of cane shoots is planted.
Preferably, the water inlet pipeline and the water outlet pipeline are PE water pipes.
Preferably, the land fence also comprises a land fence and an escape-proof film, the land fence is arranged on the outer ring ridge and surrounds the planting field blocks, and the escape-proof film is buried in the outer ring ridge along the land fence.
The base fence is made of hard plastic wire meshes with the height of 2m, the anti-escape film is made of PE black cultivation anti-escape film, the embedding depth is 8-10cm, and the ground height is 50 cm.
Preferably, the inlet and outlet conduits are rotatable in a clockwise or counter-clockwise direction so that the nozzles are submerged below the water surface.
Preferably, the planting field block is communicated with the annular ditch through a closable field gap.
Preferably, the annular trench area is less than 10% of the total area of the rice field civil engineering code structure.
Technical effects
The utility model discloses a ridge is built at central rice field and has been solved the demand contradiction of rice and crawfish to the water resource, has improved quality of water and water resource utilization efficiency, is favorable to the improvement of rice and crawfish output and quality. The field farming operation efficiency is improved by arranging a secondary platform, a feeding table and planting cane shoots.
The utility model discloses stand to produce reality and farmland sustainable development, thought to field engineering construction is comprehensive and careful, can effectively optimize in the aspect of preventing escaping, advance drainage etc. not enough.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a side view of a rice field civil engineering structure in an improved rice and shrimp farming mode of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic top view of the rice field civil engineering structure under the improved rice and shrimp farming mode of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a two-stage platform layout;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a water supply and drainage process in the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic view of the laying of the fence and the escape-preventing net.
Detailed Description
The applicant now details the principles and specific implementations of the present invention with reference to examples.
In this example, the constructed civil rice field structure is shown in fig. 1 and 2.
1. In rice field
The rice field is a planting field block for rice planting, and the rice and shrimp co-planting field block is a foundation for good rice and shrimp co-planting field engineering construction, wherein the area needs to be selected from the areas with flat terrain, fertile soil, sufficient water source, good ecology and convenient irrigation and drainage. Inner circular ridges are arranged around the central rice field to achieve relative independence of the circular ditches and the central rice field, so that different requirements of crayfish and rice on water resources are fully met; meanwhile, the plastic insect trap can be planted on the ridge, so that the damage of pests to the rice is reduced in the rice growing season. The rice field is preferably a regular square or rectangular rice field.
2. Annular ditch
The outer side of the planting field piece surrounds the annular ditch. The construction of the rice and shrimp co-cropping field engineering needs to comply with the requirements of the technical Specification for comprehensive planting and breeding of rice and fisheries, and in this embodiment, an independent rice and shrimp co-cropping field block of 100m × 100m is taken as an example for illustration, and the total area is 10000m2The area of the annular groove is less than 10 percent of the total area, namely the annular groove is ensured to be 1000m2In the inner part, the annular ditch is excavated by adopting the most common square-shaped annular ditch mode at present, so the width of the annular ditch needs to be ensured to be 2.0-2.5 m.
3. Ridge
In the embodiment, the inner ring ridges are arranged around the edges of the rice field and are positioned between the annular ditches and the rice field, so that water flow between the annular ditches and the rice field can be blocked. One or more open-close field notches are arranged on the inner ridge of the rice field, and the water flow between the rice field and the annular ditch and the movement of the crayfishes entering the rice field are controlled by opening or closing the field notches. The arrangement can reduce the loss of lobsters caused by rotary tillage. The water level is required to be reduced to be below the field surface of the rice field firstly during the rotary tillage and the rice transplanting of the rice field, so that the crayfishes enter the annular ditch to move, and the field gap is closed. Then carrying out primary rotary tillage, and rotary tillage of waterweeds, weeds and partially rotten straws into the field; then increasing the water level to keep the water level of the field about 10CM for half a day (aiming at soaking soil, straws and the like, the soil is soft and convenient for rotary tillage), and after the field is closed, using a rotary cultivator to carry out secondary rotary tillage and palladium leveling, thus effectively killing weeds, and keeping the soil in the rice field suitable for planting and leveling the rice field; performing mechanical transplanting operation by using a transplanter after the rice field muddy water sedimentation is finished 1-2 days after the rotary tillage; after the rice is turned green, opening the field gap to communicate the rice field and the annular ditch, and enabling the crayfishes to enter the rice field to move. Therefore, the shortage of the rice field is closed in the rice field rotating and transplanting periods, and the harm of muddy water to the growth of the crayfishes in the annular ditch can be reduced. After the rice is turned green, opening the rice field gap, communicating the rice field with the annular ditch, and enabling the crayfishes to enter the rice field for movement. If the rice is sunned or needs water in the later period, or the annular ditch is aired, and the like, the rice field and the annular ditch can be kept independent by closing the shortage of the rice field, so that the compound cultivation benefits of 'shrimp cultivation and shrimp cultivation' in the rice field are fully exerted.
As shown in figures 1 and 3, an outer ring ridge is arranged on the outer side of the annular ditch, a secondary platform with the width of about 50cm is arranged between the outer ring ridge and the annular ditch on one side close to the tractor ploughing road, feeding platforms are arranged at the secondary platforms every 5m, the eating condition of the crayfish is observed, and a cluster of cane shoots can be planted beside the feeding platforms for fixing and shielding the crayfish later.
The utility model discloses a optimize slope and ridge board for a second grade platform, can enough satisfy the needs of normal farming operation, set up fixed feeding block (be convenient for throw and feed and observe the crawfish and eat the edible condition simultaneously, the crawfish of being convenient for breeds the hole and early emerge) and pasture and water planting district (pasture and water is planted and is adopted the water bamboo, water bamboo growing period matches with rice growing period, certain economic value has, can be used for fixed feeding block and crawfish cage simultaneously, can also provide for the crawfish and shield). Therefore, the secondary platform is required to be arranged on the side of the ridge and is not suitable for being too steep and too large, the area of the secondary platform is 15% -20% of the area of the annular ditch, and the waterweeds and the feeding area are arranged on the secondary platform, so that feeding, proofing observation and field work are facilitated, and the fixing of the shrimp cage and the catching of the crayfish are facilitated.
4. Water supply and drainage system
Referring to fig. 4, a water supply and drainage system is provided between the annular trench and the outside world, which refers to the water source region and the drainage region, which in this embodiment are referred to as the inlet and outlet channels.
The water supply and drainage system adopts a PE pipeline, and compared with a PVC pipeline, the water supply and drainage system has better quality and long service life. The water supply and drainage system comprises a water supply pipeline and at least two drainage pipelines, a high-drainage and low-irrigation mode is adopted, the water supply pipeline and the drainage pipelines are arranged at opposite angles of the rice and shrimp farming field block, and the water supply pipeline and the drainage pipelines are both in a right-angle pipeline mode. One side of the right-angle elbow is horizontal, the other side of the right-angle elbow is vertical, the two pipelines are respectively used for water injection and drainage for the annular ditch, one end of the water inlet pipeline is used as a water inlet and is arranged in a high water level water source area, the other end of the water inlet pipeline is lower than the water inlet and is communicated with the annular ditch, one end of the water outlet pipeline is used as a water outlet and is arranged in the annular ditch, and the other end of the water outlet pipeline is communicated to a low water level area and is used for drainage.
The top ends of straight pipes of the water inlet pipeline and the water outlet pipeline (which are respectively used as a water inlet and a water outlet) are higher than the water surface of the rice field under the daily condition so as to maintain the water level of the rice field, when water enters the rice field, the water inlet pipeline or the water inlet pipeline is connected in a bent mode, the water inlet pipeline is lower than the water supply ditch water level, water flow can flow into the annular ditch from the water supply ditch, water inlet is realized, and the water outlet can be finished under the water level of the rice field by reducing the pipe orifice of the straight pipe of the water outlet pipeline during water drainage. The water inlet and outlet height can be controlled by the height of the straight pipe orifice of the water inlet and outlet pipeline.
In the embodiment, two water outlet pipelines are buried, firstly, the water outlet speed is increased, the water outlet time is shortened, the pond is sunned after enough time is left, meanwhile, the water outlet pipelines are easy to block due to low water outlet speed, the water outlet pipelines are easy to break due to long service life, the pipelines are buried by digging ridges of fields again if the situation occurs, at this time, water in the rice and shrimp co-working field is all lost, and great damage is caused to rice planting and crayfish breeding.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that other means for supplying and discharging water to and from the paddy field, such as pumping water by means of a water pump, etc., may be used.
In addition, at the lower extreme mouth of pipe of sewer pipe, set up and prevent wild miscellaneous fish net, it adopts 120 mesh filter screens, and both ends are all opened around, sew up the limit with the nylon rope, and one end is fixed on the stake of second grade platform, prevents that the rivers from washing away, and one end is tied a knot and is tied firmly, is convenient for clear up the debris in the filter screen, increases filter screen water permeability and service life.
The utility model discloses an adopt "the height irritate low row" principle and set up the inlet outlet, set up "one irritate double" inlet outlet simultaneously, the pipeline uses the PE pipeline, adjusts and maintains the paddy field water level through the joint on the rotatory pipeline.
5. Escape-proof device
After the annular trench is excavated and the water supply and drainage arrangement is finished, the crayfish escape-preventing facility construction needs to be carried out, and in the embodiment, the crayfish escape-preventing construction is combined with the base fence. As shown in fig. 5, a base fence is arranged on the outer ridge to surround the whole working area in the center. The fence of the base adopts a hard plastic wire mesh with the height of 2m, the escape-preventing facilities adopt PE black cultivation escape-preventing films, the PE black cultivation escape-preventing films are buried in the field along the fence, the buried depth is 8-10cm, and the ground height is 50cm, so that the escape-preventing requirements of the crayfishes can be completely met.
The utility model discloses a prevent escaping facility and rice shrimp with crayfish and make field piece purse seine together and construct in an organic whole, each independent rice shrimp makes field piece altogether and does not need to set up alone and prevents escaping the facility, carry out the theftproof to whole rice shrimp base of making altogether, when making clear of border purse seine (hard plastic wire netting, 2m height), bury soil 8-10cm with the edge purse seine of geomembrane (PE material, 60cm width), the geomembrane upper end is fixed on the purse seine net, the soil has not only been practiced thrift to this kind of mode and has been dropped into, the service life and the steadiness of geomembrane have been improved, and can not disturb the farming operation, the effect of preventing escaping to crayfish is also more showing.
(3) Construction of other supporting facilities
After the field foundation engineering is built, supporting facilities such as machine-ploughing road construction and power grid setting need to be optimized. According to the principle of 'uniform and necessary', a mechanical tillage path is arranged between the two zones, the mechanical tillage path needs to ensure that agricultural machinery such as a rotary cultivator, a harvester and an agricultural vehicle pass through, and an artificial ridge is built between the small field blocks of the zones. Later stage water pump use or other power consumption needs are considered in the electric wire netting setting, select suitable position to erect the electric wire netting, and equip the power consumption case, make things convenient for the later stage power consumption.
While the principles of the invention have been described in detail in connection with the preferred embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the above-described embodiments are merely illustrative of exemplary implementations of the invention and are not limiting of the scope of the invention. The details in the embodiments do not constitute the limitations of the scope of the present invention, and any obvious changes such as equivalent transformation, simple replacement, etc. based on the technical solution of the present invention all fall within the protection scope of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A rice field civil engineering standard structure under rice shrimp mode of farming altogether, its characterized in that, rice field civil engineering structure includes: the planting field comprises a planting field block, an annular ditch, an outer annular ridge, an inner annular ridge, a water inlet pipeline and a water outlet pipeline, wherein the planting field block is rectangular or square, the annular ditch is tightly attached to and surrounds the periphery of the planting field block, the height of the outer annular ridge is higher than that of the planting field block, one end of the water inlet pipeline is arranged in the annular ditch, the other end of the water inlet pipeline is arranged at a high-water-level water source region, and a pipe orifice is higher than the water surface of the high-water-level water source region; one end of the water outlet pipeline is arranged in a low-water-level drainage area, the other end of the water outlet pipeline is arranged in the annular ditch, the pipe orifice of the water outlet pipeline is higher than the water surface of the annular ditch, the inner annular ridge is arranged on the outer side of the planting field blocks and between the annular ditch and the planting field blocks, at least one secondary platform is arranged on the outer annular ridge close to one side of the tractor-ploughing road, the secondary platform is lower than the outer annular ridge and is slightly higher than or level with the planting field blocks, and a feeding platform is arranged on the secondary platform every 5 meters and shoots are planted.
2. The civil standard structure of paddy field under the rice and shrimp farming mode of claim 1, wherein the water inlet pipeline and the water outlet pipeline are both right angle bent pipes, one side of each right angle bent pipe is horizontal, the other side of each right angle bent pipe is vertical, the vertical end of each right angle bent pipe is higher than the corresponding liquid level, and the number of the water outlet pipelines is at least two.
3. The civil construction standard structure for paddy field in the rice and shrimp farming mode according to claim 1, wherein the water inlet pipe and the water outlet pipe are PE water pipes.
4. A rice field civil engineering code construction in a rice shrimp farming mode according to claim 1, further comprising a base fence provided on the outer circumferential ridge surrounding the planting field piece and an escape prevention film buried along the base fence in the outer circumferential ridge.
5. The civil construction standard structure of paddy field under the rice and shrimp farming mode as claimed in claim 4, wherein the base enclosure uses hard plastic wire netting with a height of 2m, the anti-escape membrane uses PE black cultivation anti-escape membrane, the buried depth is 8-10cm, and the ground height is 50 cm.
6. The civil paddy field standard construction in rice shrimp farming mode as claimed in claim 4, wherein the water inlet pipe and the water outlet pipe are rotatable in a clockwise or counterclockwise direction so that the nozzles are submerged below the water surface.
7. The civil standard structure of paddy field in the rice shrimp farming mode as claimed in claim 1, wherein the planting fields are communicated with the circular trench by closable field gaps.
8. The rice field civil engineering standard structure in rice shrimp farming mode as claimed in claim 1, wherein the area of the circular trench is less than 10% of the total area of the rice field civil engineering standard structure.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114550010A (en) * | 2022-01-21 | 2022-05-27 | 扬州大学 | Ditch and pit proportion aerial survey method for rice and shrimp breeding system |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114550010A (en) * | 2022-01-21 | 2022-05-27 | 扬州大学 | Ditch and pit proportion aerial survey method for rice and shrimp breeding system |
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