CN106942103B - Artificial seedling raising method for cucurbit snails - Google Patents
Artificial seedling raising method for cucurbit snails Download PDFInfo
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- CN106942103B CN106942103B CN201710086179.0A CN201710086179A CN106942103B CN 106942103 B CN106942103 B CN 106942103B CN 201710086179 A CN201710086179 A CN 201710086179A CN 106942103 B CN106942103 B CN 106942103B
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
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- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of aquaculture, in particular to an artificial breeding method of oncomelania cucurbitae. The method successfully solves the difficult problem of the artificial breeding technology of the cucurbit snail, has simple operation and low production cost, and is beneficial to the large-scale production of the cucurbit snail. The success of the artificial breeding of the cucurbit snail lays a foundation for developing artificial breeding production in the future, and simultaneously provides a new object for scientific research of proliferation and releasing and ornamental aquarium.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of aquaculture, in particular to an artificial breeding method of cucurbit snails.
Background
Melon snail, its name: cymbium melo (Solander), belonging to the phylum mollusca, class gastropoda, order neogastropoda, family volutidae, commonly found in the south of the sea, taiwan, fujian, guangdong coast of our country. The conch is oval or nearly spherical, has a strong texture, is generally 0.16-0.26m high and 0.11-0.18m wide, has a very small spiral part, is almost coated by the conch layer, only exposes a slightly papillary shell top, sometimes is lower than the conch layer, and is extremely expanded. The shell surface is provided with a yellow brown or dirty brown shell, and the apricot yellow shell surface is exposed after the shell falls off. Living in deep shallow muddy seabed. Carnivorous, male and female variant, laying period 4-5 months, horny oocyst yellow brown, long oval, each bag one egg, the oocyst produced by one snail all stick together, form a thick column egg group, commonly called as "red snail tower". The spiral abdomen foot meat has advantages of fleshy texture, rich nutrition, delicious taste, and consistently high market price, which can reach 100 yuan/kg. In recent years, with the development of economy and the improvement of living standard, the demand of people on the cucurbit snail is continuously increased, and the wild number causes the gradual depletion of resources due to the harvest in recent years. Therefore, the artificial breeding technology for the cucurbit snail is successful, the sustainable development of the resources of the cucurbit snail can be maintained through proliferation and releasing, the new variety of cultured species can be increased, and the cultivation industry of the cucurbit snail is expanded.
Chinese patent document CN104472403A is a method for hatching oocysts of melon snails, which comprises the following steps: transferring oocysts of the melon snails after spawning to an incubation basket, placing the incubation basket in an incubation pool for incubation, wherein the incubation basket is made of polyethylene plastics, is 50cm in length, 30cm in width and 25cm in basket height, is internally covered with a 60-mesh silk net, is flattened at the bottom, and is bound with hard foam on two sides of the upper end of the incubation basket so as to enable the basket to float on the water surface; the air charging device is placed at the bottom of the hatching basket to slowly charge air, the water flowing device made of PVC is arranged at the upper part of the hatching basket, water flows out of the water flowing hole, the water flow is 7-8L/min, and the hatching is carried out by adopting flowing water. However, no report is found about an artificial breeding method for the cucurbit snails.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an artificial breeding method of the cucurbit snail, which realizes an artificial breeding technology, and is simple, practical and convenient to operate.
The invention provides an artificial breeding method of cucurbit snails, which comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting parent snails:
selecting Hainan wild melon snails with the shell length of more than 0.20m as parent snails;
(2) parent snail breeding
Putting parent snails into a parent snail breeding pond for breeding, and feeding fresh and alive small Marasmius moniliforme and clams as baits, wherein the bait amount is 5-10 times of the number of the parent snails;
the bottom of the parent snail breeding pool is paved with a sand layer, and the parent snails are put into the parent snail breeding pool with the density of 3-4/m2；
Water quality: the seawater used for cultivating the parent snail is subjected to dark sedimentation, filtered by a sand filter and then put into a pond, the salinity is 24-32 per mill, the temperature is 26-30 ℃, the pH is 7.2-8.5, and the dissolved oxygen is kept>5mg/L, 24 hours of running water in the cultivation period, and the water flow rate is 0.05-0.1m3/min；
(3) Cultivation of oviposition parent snail
Placing spawned parent snails into an egg-laying snail independent cultivation device, placing one spawning parent snail into one independent cultivation device, and running water and slightly inflating air during cultivation; the salinity of the seawater is 27-32 per mill, the temperature is 26-30 ℃, the pH value is 7.2-8.5, and the dissolved oxygen is kept to be more than 5 mg/L;
the melon snail continuously spawns for 20 plus or minus 2 days, and no bait is fed during the spawning period of the melon snail; separating snail tower from mother body at 60 + -2 days after spawning, taking out snail tower, placing into hatching device for hatching (the hatching method and device can be referred to Chinese patent document CN104472403A), and continuously removing oocyst of young snail 3-5 days after separating snail tower and mother body;
(4) cultivation of young snail
Taking out the young snails which just come out of the membrane, and putting the young snails into a young snail culture pond, wherein the young snails are put in the pond at a density of20-25/m2The initial feeding bait is fresh and alive clams with the specification below 0.02m, and the feeding quantity is more than or equal to the total quantity of young snails in the breeding pond; the water is not changed or is changed little in the first 10 days of the young snail cultivation, the water changing amount is not easy to exceed 20 percent of the total amount, and the nannochloropsis is added into the pond every day in the period, the water color is kept light, and the transparency is 0.40-0.50 m; culturing young snail in slow flowing water with flowing water amount of 5-6L/min after 10 days; the shell length difference of the melon snails exceeds 0.005m, and the melon snails are bred in separate ponds according to the size of the shell; the shell of the melon snail grows to be more than 0.04m and enters the breeding stage, and no medicine is put in the young snail breeding period.
Preferably, the parent snail breeding pond is a cement pond with indoor length, width and height of 2 x 3.5 x 0.8m, the water depth is about 0.7m, the bottom of the cement pond is paved with a clean and soft sand layer with the particle specification of 0.001-0.0015 m and the thickness of 0.15m, the sand layer occupies about 4/5 of the area of the bottom of the pond, the sand layer is washed clean by fresh water, and 50ppm of bleaching water is used for cleaning and disinfecting the pond.
Preferably, the feeding time of parent snails in the step (2) is about 6 am and about 5 pm every day, dirt in the culture pond is cleaned, and small horseshoe snails eaten by the melon snails or dead snails and clams are fished out.
Preferably, the independent spawning snail breeding device in the step (3) is a circular plastic barrel with the diameter of 1m and the depth of 1.2m and a water outlet at the bottom, a fine sand layer with the thickness of about 0.1cm occupying 2/3 of the bottom area is paved at the bottom of the barrel, and a water outlet pipe with the height of about 1m is inserted at the water outlet in the barrel to prevent water from flowing completely.
Preferably, the young snail cultivation pond in the step (4) is a cement pond with indoor length, width and height of 3 multiplied by 4 multiplied by 1.2m, a clean and soft sand layer with particle size of 0.001.0-0.0015 mm and thickness of about 0.15m is paved at the bottom of the cement pond, the water depth is maintained at about 0.8m, the salinity is 24-32 per mill, the temperature is 26-30 ℃, the pH is 7.2-8.5, and the dissolved oxygen is more than 5 mg/L.
Preferably, the young snails in the step (4) are fed once every 6 am, the clams fed in the previous day are fished out before the next day of feeding, the living clams are continuously fed, and the clams which are dead or eaten by the melon snails are discarded.
The invention has the advantages that:
at present, the scientific research on the cucurbit snail is reported a little at home and abroad, and particularly, the artificial breeding method of the cucurbit snail is not researched by people. The artificial breeding technology research of the cucurbit snail is developed from 2012, the technologies of parent breeding, nutrition strengthening, artificial mating, juvenile snail breeding and the like are successively broken through, the difficult problem of the artificial breeding technology of the cucurbit snail is successfully solved, and the method is simple to operate, low in production cost and beneficial to large-scale production of the cucurbit snail. The success of the artificial breeding of the cucurbit snail lays a foundation for developing artificial breeding production in the future, and simultaneously provides a new object for scientific research of proliferation and releasing and ornamental aquarium.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a separate breeding apparatus for spawning snails.
The reference numerals and components referred to in the drawings are as follows:
1-black net sheet, 2-water inlet pipe, 3-round plastic barrel, 4-aerating device, 5-water discharge pipe, 6-sand layer and 7-water outlet.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the present invention will be made with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example 1
1. Parent snail selection, culture pond preparation and water quality requirement:
selecting parent snails: the parents of the cucurbit snails are obtained by purchasing wild parent snails caught by fishermen on the sea from Tan wharf of Hainan, selecting individuals with no damage to body surfaces, good vitality, health and no disease and with the shell length of more than 20cm, drying the parent snails in the shade, and transporting the parent snails to a test center after 30 minutes.
Preparing a parent snail breeding pond: selecting an indoor cement pond with the depth of 2 x 3.5 x 0.8m, the depth of water is about 0.7m, paving a clean and soft sand layer with the particle size of 0.001-0.0015 m and the thickness of about 0.15m at the bottom of the cement pond, occupying about 4/5 of the area of the bottom of the cement pond, washing the cement pond clean by fresh water, and cleaning the cement pond by using 50ppm bleaching water for later use after disinfection. The density of the parent snails put into the culture pond is 3-4/m2。
The water quality requirement is as follows: the seawater used for cultivating the parent snail is subjected to dark sedimentation, filtered by a sand filter and then put into a pond, the salinity is 24-32 per mill, the temperature is 26-30 ℃, the pH is 7.2-8.5, and the dissolved oxygen is kept>5mg/L, running water 0.05-0.1m3/min。
2. Parent snail breeding
The melon snail mainly lives on muddy seabed in a depth of several meters in a natural sea area, and belongs to the carnivorous property. According to the invention, through the early search of the feed of the parents of the cucurbit snails, the fresh and alive small water snail and clam are selected as the feeding feed, so that the freshness of the feed can be ensured, and the influence on water quality caused by the decay of the feed can be prevented. The melon snail has the self-killing behavior under the condition of insufficient bait, so the fed bait needs enough, and the bait amount is 5-10 times of the number of the melon snail parents. Feeding at about 6 am and 5 pm, removing dirt in the culture pond, taking out the small water chestnut snails and hard clam, and culturing for 24 hr with water flow of 0.05-0.1m3And/min. Observing the development condition of the melon and snail parents every day, and making a record.
3. Cultivation of oviposition parent snail
The wild cucurbita pepo in the artificial culture environment spawns in 4-5 months in the breeding season. When the growth state of the melon snail parents is observed, if the parents start to lay eggs, the egg-laying melon snails are slowly fished out from a parent snail culture pond and placed into an independent culture device which is prepared in advance, one egg-laying parent snail is placed into an independent culture device (see figure 1, the diameter of the culture device is 1m, the depth of the culture device is 1.2m, a round plastic barrel 3 with a water outlet at the bottom is paved with a fine sand layer 6 with the thickness of about 0.10m and occupying the area of the bottom of the barrel of 2/3, a drain pipe 5 with the height of about 1m is inserted at a drain port 7 in the barrel so as to prevent water from flowing out, a black mesh sheet 1 for shading, a water inlet pipe 2 and an air charging device 4 are further arranged in the culture device, and water flows and is. The melon snails do not eat food during the egg laying period, and bait feeding is not needed, so that the water quality is kept fresh. The salinity of the seawater required for cultivation is 27-32 per mill, the temperature is 26-30 ℃, the pH value is 7.2-8.5, and the dissolved oxygen is kept to be more than 5 mg/L. The cucurbit snail continuously spawns for 20 plus or minus 2 days. The egg produced is connected with the mother body and superposed layer by layer to form a thick columnar egg group consisting of 12 plus or minus 2 layers and 100 plus or minus 5 oocysts, commonly called as 'Hongluuta' (phi 0.10 plus or minus 2 multiplied by 0.30 plus or minus 3 m). The oocysts were yellow brown, oval (phi 0.05X phi 0.04m), 10.5 + -0.5 g in weight, one egg per sac. The "red snail tower" is automatically separated from the mother body 60 + -2 days after the egg laying (the melon snail parent does not eat from the egg laying to the separation period of the snail tower and the mother body). Taking out the snail tower, placing into an incubation device for incubation (the incubation method and the device can be seen in Chinese patent document CN104472403A), and continuously removing oocysts of young snails 3-5 days after the snail tower and the mother body are separated, wherein the incubation rate is about 65%.
4. Cultivation of young snail
The young snail cultivation pond is a cement pond with the indoor size of 3 multiplied by 4 multiplied by 1.2m, the bottom of the cement pond is also paved with a clean and soft sand layer with the particle size of 0.001-0.0015 m and the thickness of about 0.015m, the water depth is maintained at about 0.8m, the salinity is 24-32 per thousand, the temperature is 26-30 ℃, the pH value is 7.2-8.5, and the dissolved oxygen is more than 5 mg/L.
And (3) fishing the young snails which just emerge from the membrane, putting the young snails into a prepared culture pond, taking out the young snails from the oocysts with human intervention when the fertilized eggs of the melon snails grow to the later development stage and the young snails are about to emerge from the membrane and the deciduate difficulty of individual young snails occurs. The young snail feeding density is 20-25/m2The initial feeding bait is fresh and alive clams with the specification below 0.02m, and the feeding quantity is more than or equal to the total quantity of young snails in the breeding pond. Feeding once at about 8 am every day, taking out the clams fed in the previous day before feeding in the next day, continuously feeding alive clams, and discarding dead clams or clams eaten by melon snails. The water is not changed or is changed little in the first 10 days of the young snail cultivation, the water changing amount is not more than 20% of the total amount, a certain amount of nannochloropsis is added into the pond every day during the period, the water color is kept light, and the transparency is 40-50 cm. After the young snail is cultivated for 10 days, the young snail can be cultivated in a slow running water mode, and the running water quantity is 5-6L/min. The growth condition of young snails is measured regularly, if the shell length difference of the melon snails exceeds 0.005m, the melon snails are bred in a pond by seedling division according to the size so as to prevent self-killing. The shell of the melon snail grows to be more than 0.04m and enters the breeding stage, and no medicine is put in the young snail breeding period.
And (4) conclusion: 2-2014 11 months in 2012, carrying out artificial breeding technical research on wild melon snails by the method disclosed by the invention, breeding 22 parent snails in total, surviving 12 snails, and having a survival rate of more than 54.5%, wherein batch death does not occur in the period. Successfully culturing 5 parents for oviposition propagation, wherein 521 eggs of parent snails are bred during the breeding period, 339 eggs are hatched, the hatching rate is 65.0%, 189 young snails which can be artificially cultured are finally cultured, and the survival rate reaches 55.7%. Therefore, the method can successfully carry out artificial breeding on the cucurbit snails. Lays a foundation for developing artificial breeding production in the future, and simultaneously provides a new object for scientific research of proliferation and releasing and ornamental aquaria.
While the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited thereto, and that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, and the scope of the appended claims is to be accorded the full range of equivalents.
Claims (6)
1. An artificial seedling raising method for melon snails is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) selecting parent snails:
selecting Hainan wild melon snails with the shell length of more than 0.20m as parent snails;
(2) parent snail breeding
Putting parent snails into a parent snail breeding pond for breeding, and feeding fresh and alive small Marasmius moniliforme and clams as baits, wherein the bait amount is 5-10 times of the number of the parent snails;
the bottom of the parent snail breeding pool is paved with a sand layer, and the parent snails are put into the parent snail breeding pool with the density of 3-4/m2；
Water quality: the seawater used for cultivating the parent snail is subjected to dark sedimentation, filtered by a sand filter and then put into a pond, the salinity is 24-32 per mill, the temperature is 26-30 ℃, the pH is 7.2-8.5, and the dissolved oxygen is kept>5mg/L, 24 hours of running water in the cultivation period, and the water flow rate is 0.05-0.1m3/min；
(3) Cultivation of oviposition parent snail
Placing spawned parent snails into an egg-laying snail independent cultivation device, placing one spawning parent snail into one independent cultivation device, and running water and slightly inflating air during cultivation; the salinity of the seawater is 27-32 per mill, the temperature is 26-30 ℃, the pH value is 7.2-8.5, and the dissolved oxygen is kept to be more than 5 mg/L;
the melon snail continuously spawns for 20 plus or minus 2 days, and no bait is fed during the spawning period of the melon snail; automatically separating the snail tower from the parent body after 60 +/-2 days of spawning, taking out the snail tower, putting the snail tower into an incubation device for incubation, and continuously removing oocysts of young snails after the snail tower is separated from the parent body for 3-5 days;
(4) cultivation of young snail
Taking out the young snails which just come out of the membrane, and putting the young snails into a young snail culture pond, wherein the young snail feeding density is 20-25 snails/m2The initial feeding bait is fresh and alive clams with the specification below 0.02m, and the feeding quantity is more than or equal to the total quantity of young snails in the breeding pond; changing no water or little water for the first 10 days of young snail culture, wherein the water changing amount should not exceed 20% of the total amount, and adding Chlorococcus micro-algae in the pond every day during the period, maintaining water color and water color, and the transparency is 0.40-0.50 m; culturing young snail in slow flowing water with flowing water amount of 5-6L/min after 10 days; the shell length individual difference of the melon snails exceeds 0.005m, and the melon snails are bred in separate ponds according to the size of the shell length individual difference; and (4) entering a breeding stage when the shell of the cucurbit helix grows to be more than 0.04 m.
2. An artificial breeding method for melon snails according to claim 1, wherein the parent snail breeding pond is a cement pond with indoor length, width and height of 2 x 3.5 x 0.8m, the water depth is about 0.7m, the bottom of the cement pond is paved with a soft sand layer with particle size of 0.001-0.0015 m and thickness of 0.15m, the sand layer occupies about 4/5 of the bottom of the pond, and the pond is cleaned with fresh water and disinfected with 50ppm of bleaching water.
3. An artificial breeding method for melon snails according to claim 1, wherein the feeding time of the parent snails in step (2) is about 6 a.m. every morning and about 5 a.m. every day.
4. An artificial breeding method of melon snails according to claim 1, wherein the independent spawning snail breeding device in step (3) is a circular plastic bucket with diameter of 1m and depth of 1.2m and a water outlet at the bottom, fine sand with thickness of about 0.1cm occupying 2/3 of the bottom area is paved at the bottom of the bucket, and a water outlet pipe with height of about 1m is inserted into the water outlet in the bucket to prevent water from flowing out.
5. The artificial breeding method of the melon snails according to claim 1, wherein the young snail breeding pond in the step (4) is a cement pond with indoor length, width and height of 3 x 4 x 1.2m, the bottom of the cement pond is paved with a clean and soft sand layer with 0.001-0.0015 mm of particles and thickness of about 0.15m, the water depth is maintained at about 0.8m, the salinity is 24-32 per thousand, the temperature is 26-30 ℃, the pH is 7.2-8.5, and the dissolved oxygen is more than 5 mg/L.
6. An artificial breeding method for melon snails according to claim 1, wherein the young snails in step (4) are fed once every 6 am, the clams fed the previous day are fished out before the next day, the living snails are continuously fed in, and the dead snails or the snails eaten by the melon snails are discarded.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710086179.0A CN106942103B (en) | 2017-02-17 | 2017-02-17 | Artificial seedling raising method for cucurbit snails |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201710086179.0A CN106942103B (en) | 2017-02-17 | 2017-02-17 | Artificial seedling raising method for cucurbit snails |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN106942103A CN106942103A (en) | 2017-07-14 |
| CN106942103B true CN106942103B (en) | 2019-12-27 |
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| CN110447579B (en) * | 2019-08-31 | 2022-07-01 | 中国海洋大学 | Device and method suitable for parent snail cultivation and egg collection and incubation |
| CN110959560B (en) * | 2019-12-24 | 2022-02-25 | 福建省洋泽海洋生物科技有限公司 | Artificial breeding method of eustachys |
| CN114631503A (en) * | 2022-02-25 | 2022-06-17 | 海南金雨海洋产业发展有限公司 | Artificial seedling culture method for Babylonia |
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| CN101946720B (en) * | 2010-08-06 | 2012-08-08 | 中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所 | Artificial breeding method for tuba false fusus |
| CN102388825B (en) * | 2011-08-26 | 2013-04-10 | 中国海洋大学 | Method for cultivating juvenile rapana venosa in artificial breeding |
| CN102499134B (en) * | 2011-10-22 | 2014-03-26 | 嵊泗县东海贻贝科技创新服务有限公司 | Thais bronni breeding method |
| CN102742524B (en) * | 2012-04-23 | 2013-10-09 | 浙江海洋学院 | Fry breeding method for thais luteostoma |
| CN104304101B (en) * | 2014-09-10 | 2016-08-24 | 宁波大学 | The factorial seedling-culturing method of Hemi fusus tuba (Gmelin) |
| CN104472403B (en) * | 2014-11-25 | 2017-08-25 | 中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所 | The egg capsule hatching method and hatching apparatus of a kind of melon spiral shell |
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