CN111066694B - Method for cultivating half-salt water fries of Yangtze river coilia ectenes - Google Patents
Method for cultivating half-salt water fries of Yangtze river coilia ectenes Download PDFInfo
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 136
- 241001460967 Coilia nasus Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 241000700141 Rotifera Species 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 241000195649 Chlorella <Chlorellales> Species 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000011033 desalting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 241001247197 Cephalocarida Species 0.000 claims abstract 7
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 claims description 39
- 241000195493 Cryptophyta Species 0.000 claims description 34
- 235000013601 eggs Nutrition 0.000 claims description 22
- 230000017448 oviposition Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000011081 inoculation Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000000384 rearing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 241000239250 Copepoda Species 0.000 claims description 8
- 241000700104 Brachionus plicatilis Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005273 aeration Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 210000002969 egg yolk Anatomy 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007873 sieving Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000012447 hatching Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010612 desalination reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006213 oxygenation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 abstract description 18
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 18
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000009360 aquaculture Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 244000144974 aquaculture Species 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 210000004602 germ cell Anatomy 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 102000002322 Egg Proteins Human genes 0.000 abstract 1
- 108010000912 Egg Proteins Proteins 0.000 abstract 1
- 210000004681 ovum Anatomy 0.000 abstract 1
- 241000238582 Artemia Species 0.000 description 13
- 230000037406 food intake Effects 0.000 description 3
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000238426 Anostraca Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000238578 Daphnia Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000012631 food intake Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000013372 meat Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000011218 seed culture Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000825054 Coilia mystus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001149724 Cololabis adocetus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000252067 Megalops atlanticus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001125843 Trichiuridae Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013345 egg yolk Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011031 large-scale manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000019629 palatability Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000003908 quality control method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001932 seasonal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
- A23K10/10—Animal feeding-stuffs obtained by microbiological or biochemical processes
- A23K10/16—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions
- A23K10/18—Addition of microorganisms or extracts thereof, e.g. single-cell proteins, to feeding-stuff compositions of live microorganisms
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- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23K—FODDER
- A23K10/00—Animal feeding-stuffs
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- A23K10/22—Animal feeding-stuffs from material of animal origin from fish
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23K—FODDER
- A23K50/00—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals
- A23K50/80—Feeding-stuffs specially adapted for particular animals for aquatic animals, e.g. fish, crustaceans or molluscs
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- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of aquaculture, in particular to a method for cultivating half-salt water fries of coilia ectenes in Yangtze river, which comprises 5 production steps of laying fries of germ cells of coilia ectenes, controlling water quality, raising salt, feeding baits and throwing methods, desalting treatment and the like. The invention creates a brackish water fingerling cultivation method for Yangtze river coilia ectenes, and simultaneously creates a bait series and a feeding method which mainly comprise chlorella, seawater rotifer summer ovum, SS type fold brachial rotifer, S type fold brachial rotifer, newly hatched artemia larva and artemia larva under the condition of brackish water, and also changes the concept that the Yangtze river coilia ectenes can be cultivated by pure fresh water for a long time; the survival rate of the coilia ectenes cultured by the indoor cement pond in an intensive manner is improved, compared with the existing whole course fresh water indoor cement pond intensive breeding technology, the coilia ectenes fry production cost is also reduced, and the method is simple, convenient and practical to operate, is also suitable for large-scale breeding production of the coilia ectenes, and is easy to accept and popularize by people.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of aquaculture, in particular to a method for cultivating half-salt water fries of Yangtze river coilia ectenes.
Background
Coilia nasus (Coilia nasus Schlegel), also called Coilia mystus, commonly called saury and hairtail, is fish migrating in the river and the sea, mainly distributed in yellow, Bohai and east sea areas in China, and distributed in rivers in the general sea, with the highest yield in the lower reaches of Yangtze river. Yangtze river coilia ectenes is famous for tender meat quality, fresh and fat meat and strong seasonal nature, and is also called 'Yangtze river Sanxian' together with Yangtze river reeves shad and puffer, and has very rich resources in history. In recent years, due to the influence of a plurality of factors such as over fishing and deterioration of ecological environment, the coilia ectenes resource is rapidly declined, the yield is in a descending trend year by year, the individual miniaturization is serious, the coilia ectenes cannot form a dominant population in Yangtze river, and the price of the commercial coilia ectenes fish in Yangtze river is continuously increased. Therefore, people develop research on artificial breeding of Yangtze river coilia ectenes in a dispute, and with breakthrough and popularization of artificial breeding technology of coilia ectenes, industrialized culture production of the coilia ectenes is further promoted, adjustment of fishery industrial structure can be promoted, fishery efficiency is promoted, and fishermen income is increased. Therefore, the coilia ectenes has good development prospect as a new artificial breeding variety.
At present, the main mode of large-scale breeding of coilia ectenes is intensive fresh water breeding in an indoor cement pond, the method has the advantages that artificial breeding is completely carried out under the condition of artificial control, the survival rate of fry breeding is high (60-70%), batches of fries can be obtained, but in the process of fry breeding, a large amount of palatable fresh water live baits are needed, the breeding difficulty of the fresh water live baits is high, a large amount of fresh water ponds need to be matched to breed the live baits, particularly, the density peak duration time is short when some kinds of live baits are artificially bred, and great difficulty is caused for bait matching of the fry breeding: for example, in the early stage of seed culture, due to the special physiological characteristics of coilia ectenes, fries need to eat rotifers for a long time, but the large-scale culture difficulty of a fresh water rotifer pond is high, and even if the fries are cultured, the high-density peak time lasts for 2-3 days, so that the matching difficulty of the rotifer culture density peak time and the time for seed culture needing a large amount of palatable baits is particularly high; for another example, in the middle and later periods of freshwater offspring seed cultivation, the food intake is greatly increased, a large amount of freshwater live baits (such as freshwater cladocerans and copepods) are needed, a large amount of ponds are needed for cultivation, meanwhile, a large amount of workers are needed to put the live baits into the indoor cement pond after being caught from the ponds, the peak time of the cultivation density of the freshwater cladocerans and copepods is very short, generally 2-3 days and sometimes 1-2 days, and the difficulty of continuous large-scale supply is caused. Therefore, the cultivation of the coilia ectenes fries in the Yangtze river urgently needs a technical scheme which can realize large-scale production and avoid the restriction of live baits, so as to solve the problems of time matching and palatability of the live baits in fresh water during the cultivation of the coilia ectenes fries in fresh water.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for cultivating half-salt water fries of Yangtze river coilia ectenes.
In order to achieve the aim, the invention provides a method for cultivating half-salt water fries of coilia ectenes in Yangtze river, which comprises 5 production steps of germ cell egg laying of coilia ectenes, water quality control, salt raising treatment, bait feeding and feeding method, desalination treatment and the like, and specifically comprises the following steps:
A) laying eggs and putting seedlings: using 20m3The cement pond is used as a hatching and seedling culture pond, eggs are distributed at a low water level, the pond water for laying the eggs is fresh water, and the water level is 50 cm; the fertilized eggs of Yangtze river coilia ectenes are obtained by a conventional artificial propagation method, and the egg laying density is 5000 grains/m3The method adopts still water aeration oxygenation cultivation, and seedling water is filtered by 150-mesh bolting silk after two-stage sedimentation in a pond and a reservoir; 1.2 air stone/m2The aeration quantity is micro-wave;
B) controlling the water quality: gradually adding water on day 2, changing water 1/2 every day on day 5, and sucking bottom 1 time every day; changing water 2/3 every day by day 11; dividing the pond for 1 time about 20-22 days; the water temperature is controlled at 24-25 ℃, the water changing temperature difference between the fresh water and the original pool is not more than 0.2 ℃ before the egg laying day 11 when the water is changed, and the water changing temperature difference is not more than 0.5 ℃ after the egg laying day 11;
C) and (3) salt lifting treatment: and (3) starting from the 3 rd day of egg laying and 1 day of fry, gradually increasing the salt: increasing salinity 1 every day, and increasing salt 1 time respectively in the morning and afternoon; after 5 days of salt raising, the salinity is raised to 5, and then the salinity is maintained to 5; after the salinity is in place, the salinity difference between fresh water and original pond water is not more than 0.5 before the 11 th day of egg laying when the water is changed, and the salinity of the changed water is not more than 1 after the 11 th day of egg laying.
Further, the specific salt raising mode of the step C adopts a water changing and adding mode: firstly, the salinity of the water in the water storage tank is configured, so that the salinity of the water in the water storage tank is about 2 higher than that of the water in the original water tank, the water changing method comprises the steps of firstly pumping 1/2 of the water in the original water tank, adding fresh water in the water storage tank for about 1/4 times each time, adding 1 time in the morning and afternoon, uniformly spraying on the water surface of the seedling culture tank in a porous pipe spraying mode when water is added, increasing the salinity to 5 after 5 days of salt increase, and then maintaining the salinity of 5.
D) The bait and the feeding method are as follows:
on the 2 nd day after the fertilized eggs are put, the coilia ectenes fries are hatched to form membranes, namely the coilia ectenes fries are 0 day old, from the 3 day old of the fries, brackish water (with the salinity of 5) algae is added for supplementing for 1 time every day, a 150-mesh silk net is used for filtering and adding the brackish water (with the salinity of 5) algae water, the unicellular algae are chlorella, and the concentration of algae inoculation is based on the condition that the transparency of the water in the fries cultivation pond is maintained at 20-30 cm;
feeding a small amount of summer eggs of the marine rotifer screened by a 100-mesh silk net when the fry is 4 days old, supplementing unicellular algae for 1 time in the morning, and keeping the transparency of water in the fry rearing pond at 20-30cm according to the inoculation concentration of the algae;
when the fry are 5-8 days old, live baits are mainly SS type brachiarius pleionis, the rotifers must be desalinized and domesticated and unicellular algae strengthened (Leili, Zhu Xiao Ming, Fang, etc.. the nutrition strengthening research on the brachiarius pleionis by several unicellular algae [ J ]. aquatic science, 2012,31(02):68-72.), the 150-mesh silk net is adopted for fishing and collecting, the 100-mesh silk net is adopted for sieving, the fry are fed for 2 times every day, the feeding time is 9:00, 16:00, and the density is maintained to be 2-3/ml; supplementarily feeding yolk sieved by 100 meshes for 6 times a day, wherein the feeding time is 6:00, 8:00, 11:00, 14:00, 17:00 and 20:00, and the feeding amount is 0.6-0.8 yolk per ten thousand fries per day; supplementing unicellular algae for 1 time every morning, wherein the concentration of algae inoculation is based on the transparency of seedling culture pond water maintained at 30-40 cm;
when the fry are 9-11 days old, the live baits are mainly S-shaped brachiarius pleionis, the live baits are collected by adopting a 150-mesh silk net, are sieved by a 80-mesh silk net, are fed for 2 times every day, the feeding time is 9:00 and 17:00, and the density is maintained to be 4-5 pieces/ml; supplementing unicellular algae for 1 time every morning, wherein the concentration of algae inoculation is based on the transparency of seedling culture pond water maintained at 30-40 cm;
when the fry are 12-16 days old, the live baits are mainly Brachionus plicatilis, are collected by adopting a 150-mesh silk net, are sieved by a 60-mesh silk net, are fed for 2 times every day, the feeding time is 9:00 and 17:00, and the density is maintained to be 4-5 pieces/ml;
when the fry is 17-19 days old, the bait is mainly rotifer brachialis, and is supplemented by newly hatched artemia larva, the rotifer is collected by a 150-mesh silk net, screened by a 60-mesh silk net, and fed for 2 times every day, the feeding time is 9:00, 17:00, and the feeding density is 4-5/ml; the artemia larvae need to be just hatched, and are fed for 1 time at 16:00 in the afternoon, wherein the feeding density is 0.2-0.5 per ml;
when the fry is 20-23 days old, the bait is mainly the newly hatched artemia larva and is supplemented by the Brachionus plicatilis, the artemia larva still needs to be newly hatched, the feeding is carried out for 2 times every day, the feeding time is 9:00, 17:00, and the feeding density is 3-5/ml; sieving by using a 60-mesh silk screen, feeding for 1 time at 16:00 in the afternoon, wherein the feeding density is 1-2/ml;
when the fry is 24-38 days old, the bait is mainly artemia larvae, the feeding is carried out for 2 times every day, the feeding time is 9:00 and 17:00, and the condition that a small amount of residual materials exist during the second feeding is taken as the standard;
E) desalting treatment: transferring the 35-38-day-old fry with the total length of about 2.0cm into a pond for cultivating summer fingerlings; before being placed in a pond, salt reduction and desalination treatment are needed, the water for salt reduction is pure fresh water, 2/3 water is pumped each time, water is added for 2 times in the afternoon, and the salinity is reduced by 2 times every day; in the process of reducing salt, the bait adopts copepods, such as: fishing and collecting daphnia sisalata by using a 80-mesh silk net, sieving by using a 20-mesh silk net to obtain live baits of 80-20 meshes, feeding for 2 times every day, wherein the feeding time is 9:00 and 17:00, and the reference is that a small amount of residual baits are left when feeding for the second time; after 2 days of salt reduction, the salinity of the water body in the fry rearing pond is reduced to be below 2, and the fry rearing pond can be moved into the pond to cultivate the summer fingerlings in the pond.
After 35-38 days of brackish water cultivation, the cultivation survival rate of the coilia ectenes fries is more than 70%.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the outstanding advantages that:
1. a method for cultivating the half-salt water fries of the Yangtze river coilia ectenes is created, meanwhile, a bait series and a feeding method mainly comprising chlorella, seawater rotifer summer eggs, SS type brachiarius pleionis, S type brachiarius pleionis, brine shrimp larvae which are just hatched and brine shrimp larvae are created under the condition of half-salt water, and the concept that the Yangtze river coilia ectenes can be cultivated by pure fresh water for a long time is changed;
2. in the early stage of intensive fry breeding of Yangtze river coilia ectenes in an indoor cement pond, the fry is long in rotifer ingestion time, the technical scheme adopts rotifer summer ovum-SS type fold arm tail rotifer-S type fold arm tail rotifer-fold arm tail rotifer brackish water bait series, the fold arm tail rotifer large-scale breeding density peak duration is long, 15-20 days, the fold arm tail rotifer breeding technology is mature, and meanwhile, commercial live fold arm tail rotifer is also available in the market, so the technical scheme solves the problem that the quantity and time of the early rotifer can not be timely met in fry breeding in the prior art: because the large-scale cultivation difficulty of the fresh water rotifer pond is high, the duration time of the density high peak time is short (2-3 days), and the matching difficulty of the rotifer peak time and the seedling cultivation demand time is high;
3. in the middle and later stages of the coilia ectenes offspring seed cultivation, the food intake of the fries is greatly increased, so a large amount of live baits are needed, the technical scheme of the invention adopts the initial hatching artemia larva, namely the artemia larva, the artemia egg market is also commercialized, the amount of hatching is needed according to the offspring seed cultivation, and the requirement is met at any time, and the technical scheme of the invention solves the problem of live bait supply in the middle and later stages of the coilia ectenes offspring seed cultivation in the prior art: a large amount of ponds are generally needed to cultivate fresh water live baits (such as fresh water cladocerans and copepods), meanwhile, a large amount of workers are needed to put the live baits into an indoor cement pond after catching the live baits from the ponds, and the peak time of the cultivation density of the fresh water cladocerans and copepods is also very short, so that the problem of sufficient supply of the fresh water cladocerans and copepods is caused;
4. the technical scheme improves the survival rate (more than 70%) of the coilia ectenes cultured by the indoor cement pond in an intensive way, is much higher than the existing whole-course fresh water indoor cement pond intensive breeding technology (50-60%), also reduces the production cost of coilia ectenes fries, is simple, convenient and practical to operate, is also suitable for large-scale breeding production of coilia ectenes, and is easy to accept and popularize by people.
Detailed Description
The following examples are provided to illustrate specific embodiments of the present invention.
Example 1:
the invention discloses a method for cultivating half-salt water fries of Yangtze river coilia ectenes, which comprises the following steps:
1. laying eggs and putting seedlings: the fertilized eggs of Yangtze river coilia ectenes are obtained by a conventional artificial propagation method and are 20m in length3The cement pond is used as a hatching and seedling culturing pond, eggs are distributed at a low water level, the pond water for laying the eggs is fresh water, and the water level is 50 cm. The egg density of the cloth is 5000 grains/m3The method adopts still water aeration oxygenation cultivation, and seedling water is filtered by 150-mesh bolting silk after two-stage sedimentation in a pond and a reservoir; 1.2 air stone/m2The aeration quantity is micro-wave;
2. controlling the water quality: gradually adding water on day 2, changing water 1/2 every day on day 5, and sucking bottom 1 time every day; changing water 2/3 every day by day 11; dividing the pond for 1 time about 20-22 days; the water temperature is controlled to be 24-25 ℃, the temperature difference between the fresh water and the original pool is not more than 0.2 ℃ before the 11 th day of egg laying when the water is changed, and the temperature difference between the water changing is not more than 0.5 ℃ after the 11 th day of egg laying;
3. and (3) salt lifting treatment: and (3) starting from the 3 rd day of egg laying and 1 day of fry, gradually increasing the salt: 1 salinity rise every day, 1 salt rise in the morning and afternoon respectively, and the specific salt rise mode adopts a water changing and adding mode: firstly, the salinity of the water in the water storage tank is configured, so that the salinity of the water in the water storage tank is about 2 higher than that of the water in the original water tank, the water changing method comprises the steps of firstly pumping 1/2 of the water in the original water tank, adding fresh water in the water storage tank for about 1/4 times each time, adding 1 time in the morning and afternoon, uniformly spraying on the water surface of the seedling culture tank in a porous pipe spraying mode when water is added, increasing the salinity to 5 after 5 days of salt increase, and then maintaining the salinity of 5. After the salinity is in place, the salinity difference between fresh water and original pond water is not more than 0.5 before the 11 th day of egg laying when the water is changed, and the salinity of the changed water is not more than 1 after the 11 th day of egg laying.
4. The bait and the feeding method are as follows:
on the 2 nd day after the fertilized eggs are put, the coilia ectenes fries are hatched to form membranes, namely the coilia ectenes fries are 0 day old, from the 3 day old of the fries, brackish water (with the salinity of 5) algae is added for supplementing for 1 time every day, a 150-mesh silk net is used for filtering and adding the brackish water (with the salinity of 5) algae water, the unicellular algae are chlorella, and the concentration of algae inoculation is based on the condition that the transparency of the water in the fries cultivation pond is maintained at 20-30 cm;
and feeding a small amount of summer eggs of the marine rotifers sieved by a 100-mesh silk net to fry of 4 days old, supplementing unicellular algae for 1 time in the morning, and keeping the transparency of water in a fry rearing pond to be 20-30cm according to the concentration of algae inoculation.
When the fry is 5-8 days old, the live baits are mainly SS type brachiarius pleionis, the rotifers must be desalinized, domesticated and strengthened by unicellular algae, collected by a 150-mesh silk net, sieved by a 100-mesh silk net, fed for 2 times every day, the feeding time is 9:00, 16:00, and the density is maintained to be 2-3/ml; and (3) supplementary feeding yolk sieved by 100 meshes for 6 times per day for 6:00, 8:00, 11:00 and 14: 00. 17:00 and 20:00, wherein the feeding amount is 0.6-0.8 egg yolks per ten thousand fries per day; supplementing unicellular algae for 1 time every morning, wherein the concentration of algae inoculation is based on the transparency of seedling culture pond water maintained at 30-40 cm;
when the fry are 9-11 days old, the live baits are mainly S-shaped brachiarius pleionis, the live baits are collected by adopting a 150-mesh silk net, are sieved by a 80-mesh silk net, are fed for 2 times every day, the feeding time is 9:00 and 17:00, and the density is maintained to be 4-5 pieces/ml; supplementing unicellular algae for 1 time every morning, wherein the concentration of algae inoculation is based on the transparency of seedling culture pond water maintained at 30-40 cm;
when the fry are 12-16 days old, the live baits are mainly Brachionus plicatilis, are collected by adopting a 150-mesh silk net, are sieved by a 60-mesh silk net, are fed for 2 times every day, the feeding time is 9:00 and 17:00, and the density is maintained to be 4-5 pieces/ml;
when the fry is 17-19 days old, the bait is mainly rotifer brachialis, and is supplemented by newly hatched artemia larva, the rotifer is collected by a 150-mesh silk net, screened by a 60-mesh silk net, and fed for 2 times every day, the feeding time is 9:00, 17:00, and the feeding density is 4-5/ml; the artemia larvae need to be just hatched, and are fed for 1 time at 16:00 in the afternoon, wherein the feeding density is 0.2-0.5 per ml;
when the fry is 20-23 days old, the bait is mainly the newly hatched artemia larva and is supplemented by the Brachionus plicatilis, the artemia larva still needs to be newly hatched, the feeding is carried out for 2 times every day, the feeding time is 9:00, 17:00, and the feeding density is 3-5/ml; sieving by using a 60-mesh silk screen, feeding for 1 time at 16:00 in the afternoon, wherein the feeding density is 1-2/ml;
when the fry is 24-38 days old, the bait is mainly artemia larvae, the feeding is carried out for 2 times every day, the feeding time is 9:00 and 17:00, and the condition that a small amount of residual materials exist during the second feeding is taken as the standard;
5. desalting treatment: transferring the 35-38-day-old fry with the total length of about 2.0cm into a pond for cultivating summer fingerlings; before being placed in a pond, salt reduction and desalination treatment are needed, the water for salt reduction is pure fresh water, 2/3 water is pumped each time, water is added for 2 times in the afternoon, and the salinity is reduced by 2 times every day; in the process of reducing salt, the bait adopts copepods, such as: fishing and collecting daphnia sisalata by using a 80-mesh silk net, sieving by using a 20-mesh silk net to obtain live baits of 80-20 meshes, feeding for 2 times every day, wherein the feeding time is 9:00 and 17:00, and the reference is that a small amount of residual baits are left when feeding for the second time; after 2 days of salt reduction, the salinity of the water body in the fry rearing pond is reduced to be below 2, and the fry rearing pond can be moved into the pond to cultivate summer fingerlings in the pond; after 35-38 days of brackish water cultivation, the cultivation survival rate of the coilia ectenes fries is more than 70%.
Example 2:
by adopting the method, 4.5 million fertilized eggs are placed in a No. 7 shed No. 728 pool in 6 and 2 days in 2017 in the sagger institute of Shanghai city aquatic products base, and are subjected to 38-day brackish water cultivation and net pulling out of the pool in 11 and 7 days, so that about 4.0 ten thousand fish tails of fries with the overall length of about 2.0cm are obtained, the hatchability is 90%, and the fry cultivation survival rate is more than 95%.
Example 3:
by adopting the method, in 2018, in 5-7 months, in shed No. 7 of the Xianji base of aquatic product research institute in Shanghai city, the coilia ectenes fries are cultivated in three batches, and by adopting a brackish water cultivation method, about 15.1 thousand fries with the body length of about 2.5-4.0cm are obtained, and the average survival rate of fry cultivation is 71.9%.
While the preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited thereto, and that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, and the scope of the appended claims is to be accorded the full range of equivalents.
Claims (1)
1. The method for cultivating the half-salt water fries of Yangtze river coilia ectenes is characterized by comprising the following steps:
A) laying eggs and putting seedlings: using 20m3The cement pond is used as a hatching and seedling culture pond, eggs are distributed at a low water level, the pond water for laying the eggs is fresh water, and the water level is 50 cm; the fertilized eggs of Yangtze river coilia ectenes are obtained by a conventional artificial propagation method, and the egg laying density is 5000 grains/m3The method adopts still water aeration oxygenation cultivation, and seedling water is filtered by 150-mesh bolting silk after two-stage sedimentation in a pond and a reservoir; 1.2 air stone/m2The aeration quantity is micro-wave;
B) controlling the water quality: gradually adding water on day 2, changing water 1/2 every day on day 5, and sucking bottom 1 time every day; changing water 2/3 every day by day 11; on 20 th to 22 th days, dividing the pond for 1 time; the water temperature is controlled at 24-25 ℃, the water changing temperature difference between the fresh water and the original pool is not more than 0.2 ℃ before the egg laying day 11 when the water is changed, and the water changing temperature difference is not more than 0.5 ℃ after the egg laying day 11;
C) and (3) salt lifting treatment: and (3) starting from the 3 rd day of egg laying and 1 day of fry, gradually increasing the salt: increasing salinity 1 every day, and increasing salt 1 time respectively in the morning and afternoon; after 5 days of salt raising, the salinity is raised to 5, and then the salinity is maintained to 5; after the salinity is in place, the salinity difference between fresh water and original pond water is not more than 0.5 before the 11 th day of egg laying when the water is changed, and the salinity of the changed water is not more than 1 after the 11 th day of egg laying; the specific salt raising mode adopts a water changing and adding mode: firstly, the salinity of water in a water storage tank is configured, so that the salinity of the water in the water storage tank is 2 higher than that of the water in an original tank, a water changing method comprises the steps of firstly pumping 1/2 of the water in the original tank, adding fresh water in the water storage tank for 1 time each time 1/4, wherein the fresh water is added in the morning and afternoon, when water is added, the fresh water is uniformly sprayed on the water surface of a seedling culture tank in a porous pipe spraying mode, after the salt is increased for 5 days, the salinity is increased to 5, and then the salinity is maintained to 5;
D) the bait and the feeding method are as follows:
on the 2 nd day after the fertilized eggs are put, the coilia ectenes fries are hatched to form membranes, namely the coilia ectenes fries are 0 day old, the brackish water algae with the salinity of 5 is added for supplementing for 1 time every day from the 3 day old of the fries, a 150-mesh silk net is used for filtering and adding the brackish water algae water, the unicellular algae are chlorella, and the concentration of algae inoculation is based on the condition that the transparency of the water in the fries cultivation pool is maintained at 20-30 cm;
feeding a small amount of summer eggs of the marine rotifer screened by a 100-mesh silk net when the fry is 4 days old, supplementing unicellular algae for 1 time in the morning, and keeping the transparency of water in the fry rearing pond at 20-30cm according to the inoculation concentration of the algae;
when the fry is 5-8 days old, the live baits are mainly SS type brachiarius pleionis, the rotifers must be desalinized, domesticated and strengthened by unicellular algae, collected by a 150-mesh silk net, sieved by a 100-mesh silk net, fed for 2 times every day, the feeding time is 9:00, 16:00, and the density is maintained to be 2-3/ml; supplementarily feeding yolk sieved by 100 meshes for 6 times a day, wherein the feeding time is 6:00, 8:00, 11:00, 14:00, 17:00 and 20:00, and the feeding amount is 0.6-0.8 yolk per ten thousand fries per day; supplementing unicellular algae for 1 time every morning, wherein the concentration of algae inoculation is based on the transparency of seedling culture pond water maintained at 30-40 cm;
when the fry are 9-11 days old, the live baits are mainly S-shaped brachiarius pleionis, the live baits are collected by adopting a 150-mesh silk net, are sieved by a 80-mesh silk net, are fed for 2 times every day, the feeding time is 9:00 and 17:00, and the density is maintained to be 4-5 pieces/ml; supplementing unicellular algae for 1 time every morning, wherein the concentration of algae inoculation is based on the transparency of seedling culture pond water maintained at 30-40 cm;
when the fry are 12-16 days old, the live baits are mainly Brachionus plicatilis, are collected by adopting a 150-mesh silk net, are sieved by a 60-mesh silk net, are fed for 2 times every day, the feeding time is 9:00 and 17:00, and the density is maintained to be 4-5 pieces/ml;
when the fry is 17-19 days old, the bait is mainly rotifer brachialis, and is supplemented by newly hatched artemia larva, the rotifer is collected by a 150-mesh silk net, screened by a 60-mesh silk net, and fed for 2 times every day, the feeding time is 9:00, 17:00, and the feeding density is 4-5/ml; the artemia larvae need to be just hatched, and are fed for 1 time at 16:00 in the afternoon, wherein the feeding density is 0.2-0.5 per ml;
when the fry is 20-23 days old, the bait is mainly the newly hatched artemia larva and is supplemented by the Brachionus plicatilis, the artemia larva still needs to be newly hatched, the feeding is carried out for 2 times every day, the feeding time is 9:00, 17:00, and the feeding density is 3-5/ml; sieving by using a 60-mesh silk screen, feeding for 1 time at 16:00 in the afternoon, wherein the feeding density is 1-2/ml;
when the fry is 24-38 days old, the bait is mainly artemia larvae, the feeding is carried out for 2 times every day, the feeding time is 9:00 and 17:00, and the condition that a small amount of residual materials exist during the second feeding is taken as the standard;
E) desalting treatment: transferring the 35-38-day-old fry with the total length of 2.0cm into a pond for cultivating summer fingerlings; before being placed in a pond, salt reduction and desalination treatment are needed, the water for salt reduction is pure fresh water, 2/3 water is pumped each time, water is added for 2 times in the afternoon, and the salinity is reduced by 2 times every day; in the process of reducing salt, the baits are copepods, collected by using a 80-mesh silk net, sieved by using a 20-mesh silk net to obtain live baits of 80-20 meshes, and fed for 2 times every day, wherein the feeding time is 9:00 and 17:00, and the condition is that a small amount of residual baits exist during the second feeding; and after 2 days of salt reduction, reducing the salinity of the water body in the fry rearing pond to be below 2, transferring the fry rearing pond into a pond, and rearing the summer fingerlings in the pond.
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| CN101715747A (en) * | 2009-11-27 | 2010-06-02 | 刘青华 | Method for promoting Yangtze River saury to naturally spawn |
| CN103026988A (en) * | 2011-10-10 | 2013-04-10 | 上海市水产研究所 | Indoor intensive artificial breeding technique of Yangtze River Coilia ectenes |
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| CN101715747A (en) * | 2009-11-27 | 2010-06-02 | 刘青华 | Method for promoting Yangtze River saury to naturally spawn |
| CN103026988A (en) * | 2011-10-10 | 2013-04-10 | 上海市水产研究所 | Indoor intensive artificial breeding technique of Yangtze River Coilia ectenes |
| CN103960173A (en) * | 2013-01-29 | 2014-08-06 | 上海市水产研究所 | Brackish-water ecological cultivation technology for Yangtze-river two-year-old coilia ectenes fingerlings and exopalaemon carinicauda |
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