CN105494188B - A kind of exopalaemon carinicauda two-part artificial raise seedling method - Google Patents
A kind of exopalaemon carinicauda two-part artificial raise seedling method Download PDFInfo
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- CN105494188B CN105494188B CN201510901609.0A CN201510901609A CN105494188B CN 105494188 B CN105494188 B CN 105494188B CN 201510901609 A CN201510901609 A CN 201510901609A CN 105494188 B CN105494188 B CN 105494188B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of exopalaemon carinicauda two-part artificial raise seedling method, main disinfection treatment and rich water including outdoor cultivation pond, accelerating cultivation, hatching larvae and the collection of close shrimp, indoor cement pit training seedling etc..The disinfection treatment in outdoor cultivation pond and rich water includes pond dredging, be exposed to the sun, water body disinfection and rich water；It is that the fortification carried out in outdoor pond is cultivated that the accelerating of close shrimp, which is cultivated,；Hatching larvae and collection are to carry out young collection using phototaxis in hatching larvae peak period；Indoor cement pit training seedling is the conventional seedbed system link for entering the room cement pit after disinfecting after the young collects and counts.The present invention moves forward conventional seedbed system link, it increases outdoor earth pond cultivation and the young collects link, not only improve the raising of close shrimp survival rate and utilization rate, it also plays and the excellent young survival rate of seedling raising eliminated bad effect and be conducive to the indoor cement pit nursery stage is selected to the young, so that the output of seedling of Unit Weight parent shrimp greatly improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of aquaculture, and in particular to a kind of exopalaemon carinicauda two-part artificial raise seedling method.
Background technique
Exopalaemon carinicauda system temperature tropical seas bottom shrimps of dwelling with Huanghai-Bohai seas yield highest are the distinctive 3 kinds of economic shrimps in China
One of class, yield are only second to Chinese prawn and Chinese green food.Exopalaemon carinicauda environmental suitability is strong, growth is fast, with good meat quality, economical
Value is high, and economic benefit of aquaculture is considerable, is potential aquaculture shrimps kind, its cultured output has reached east China at present
The one third or so of coastal polycultured ponds total output.Exopalaemon carinicauda is low temperature resistant, and proper salinity level is wide, can be in fresh-water pool through desalination
It is cultivated in the pool, cultivation wide scope, potentiality are big.
The seed of exopalaemon carinicauda cultivation at present, which mainly passes through natural waters and receives seedling, fishing, wild seedling or directly to be put in a suitable place to breed in aquaculture pond
Shrimp with ovums influences seed quality and quantity very big from numerous equal acquisition, external environment.This seed acquisition pattern, one side cost
Height, emergence rate are low, the cultivation scale of exopalaemon carinicauda are greatly limited, on the other hand to the protection of exopalaemon carinicauda natural germplasm resource
It is also very big threat, so carrying out the research of the extensive seed development technology of exopalaemon carinicauda with regard to necessary.Although at present
The artificial breeding technique of exopalaemon carinicauda is reported, but the batch production seed breeding technique of its stability and high efficiency is not yet established,
The raising of cultured area and yield is limited obviously by seed.Therefore, rearing of fingerling difficulty is solved, realizes that artificial scale is numerous
Cultivating people of ability is effective solution approach.
Summary of the invention
The invention discloses a kind of exopalaemon carinicauda two-part artificial raise seedling method, this method passes through will be by conventional seedbed system link
Forward, the parent shrimp rearing and the young for increasing outdoor earth pond collect link, not only improve the raising of close shrimp survival rate and utilization rate,
It also plays and the excellent young survival rate of seedling raising eliminated bad effect and be conducive to the indoor cement pit nursery stage is selected to the young, thus
The output of seedling of Unit Weight parent shrimp greatly improved.
To achieve the above object, technical solution provided by the invention is a kind of exopalaemon carinicauda two-part artificial raise seedling method,
Specific step is as follows for the method:
(1) selection and processing in outdoor cultivation pond: mainly include pond dredging, bottom of pond be exposed to the sun, water body disinfection and rich water ring
Section；
(2) selecting parent shrimps and transport: before breeding period arrives 5-10 days before arriving, egg laying rate of red swamp: 5~10%, selectivity
Gland has germinated but the close shrimp of not yet high-volume oogenesis, with shrimp Transport Appropriation Rolling Stock oxygenation transport living；
(3) close shrimp accelerating is cultivated: being that link is cultivated in the fortification carried out in outdoor cultivation pond；
(4) hatching larvae and collection: completing in outdoor cultivation pond, and hatching larvae peak period carries out young receipts using phototaxis
Collection；
(5) indoor cement pit conventional seedbed system management: being that cement is entered the room after disinfecting after the young collects and counts
The conventional seedbed system management in pond.
Wherein, the selection criteria in outdoor cultivation pond are as follows: within the 100m of indoor raising of seedling pond, area 400-500m2, the depth of water
The Tu Chi of 100cm or so.Pond treatment includes bottom of pond dredging and is exposed to the sun, and close shrimp enters 2-3 weeks water inlet 80cm or so before pond, with bleaching
The chlorine-containing disinfectants such as powder carry out water body disinfection, 10cm or so of intaking again after sterilizing 10 days, commercially available with amino peptide fertilizer, training algae cream etc.
Rich water product culture Micro Algae and planktonic organism.
Wherein, the selection criteria of parent is: specification is uniformly, appearance is without sick and wounded, vigor is good, sexual gland has germinated but not yet
The close shrimp of high-volume oogenesis；Open canvas bucket transport (every 0.1m can be used in the close shrimp chosen3Water body can fill close shrimp 3kg or so, dress
Water is high by 1/2 or so for bucket, lasting to inflate) or double-layer plastic bag oxygenation transport (the shrimp seedling bag transport of capacity 30L, built-in seawater 1/
2, oxygenation 1/2 can fill close shrimp 0.5-1kg)；It is recommended to use shrimp Transport Appropriation Rolling Stock transport living, close shrimp is contained in dedicated shrimp living
Transport box (60cm × 45cm × 10cm), every case can fill close shrimp 2-3kg, persistently inflate in transit；Transport should be close shrimp with water
Sea area nature seawater is inhabited, temperature is transported compared with Gao Shiying at night, it may be necessary to cooling on the rocks.
Wherein, the accelerating of close shrimp cultivates the throwing for referring to and adding fresh food on the basis of feeding close shrimp special compound feed
Hello, such as clam worm, squid or fresh clam meat, the ratio of the dedicated mixed bait of close shrimp and fresh food is advisable with 1:3-4, wherein husky
Silkworm should account for 1/2 or more of fresh food total amount, and daily feeding volume is the 10-15%, daily 8:00-9:00,16 of close shrimp gross weight:
00-17:00,23:00-24:00 are fed for 3 times totally, wherein preceding feeding volume twice respectively accounts for 40%, are fed for the last time remaining
20%, feeding volume suitably increases and decreases depending on situation of ingesting.
Wherein, hatching larvae and collection are to train in hatching larvae peak period 12-20 mesh net cage (2m × 2m × 1m) in close shrimp
It educates pond center and sets up young collecting region, one, 300W or 500W iodine-tungsten lamp is set up above net cage, night utilizes the phototaxis of the young
The young is collected, can be collected 3-4 times every night.
Wherein, indoor cement pit conventional seedbed system management increases young sterilizing part, after the young collects and counts, according to educating
Seedling water body volume calculates breeding amount, and the young enters pond and is advanced in 120 mesh fishing nets, impregnates through 500ppm formalin solution
50-60s or 10ppm Betagen Solution is rinsed after impregnating 5-10s disinfection with nursery water, and it is conventional to then move into progress in nursery pond
Seedling management.
The invention has the advantages that
1, traditional grow seedling link is moved forward, the survival rate and utilization rate of close shrimp greatly improved, close shrimp can after the end of nursery
To sell as commercial sized prawn, seedling cost is reduced；
2, the egg laying rate of red swamp in flouring period: 60~70%, present invention young before flouring period arrives collects link and plays
Collection is excellent to eliminate bad effect, and the young survival rate of seedling for being conducive to indoor cement pit nursery stage improves, to greatly improved
The output of seedling of Unit Weight parent shrimp, while also ensuring larval culture water matter, the Disease management in nursery later period is provided just
Benefit；
3, outdoor breeding pond can also be used as nursery pond use, by rich water culture algae and planktonic organism, collect
After the young enters the room cement pit cultivation, close shrimp secondary development, oviposition, hatching can cultivate acquisition exopalaemon carinicauda in pond
Seed；
4, special instrument and equipment is not needed in implementation process, commonly use culture facility can be used through a little transformation, be convenient for
It promotes and applies.
Specific embodiment
Present invention will be further explained below with reference to specific examples.It should be understood that these embodiments are merely to illustrate the present invention
Rather than it limits the scope of the invention.In addition, it should also be understood that, after reading the contents of the present invention, those skilled in the art can
To make various changes or modifications to the present invention, such equivalent forms equally fall within limited range of the present invention.
Embodiment 1, a kind of exopalaemon carinicauda two-part artificial raise seedling method
The present embodiment follows the steps below:
(1) selection and processing of outdoor ponds: apart from the closer outdoor reservoir in indoor raising of seedling pond, (area is about for selection
3000m2, pond depth 2.5m) and parent shrimp rearing pond (area 500m2, the outdoor earth pond pool of depth of water 100cm or so) and 1 each, before the Spring Festival
After drain dredging, solar exposure 2 months or so.1 month or so before close shrimp is bought, outdoor reservoir is left into nature seawater 2m
The right side, it is then spare with sym-closene (strong chlorine is net, the available chlorine content 60%) disinfection treatment of 5ppm.Close shrimp buys first 1
Week left and right, the water inlet of parent shrimp rearing pond (disinfectant in reservoir) 70~80cm and do not sterilize nature seawater 10cm, uses 2ppm
EM bacterium full pool spilling head, then with commercially available rich water product, such as Fertilizer water paste (1Kg/ mus) full pool spilling head, cultivate Micro Algae and life of swimming
Object can add agricultural composite fertilizer etc. if rich water effect is poor in right amount.Depending on water algae and planktonic organism quantity, later every 7-
10d is primary using EM bacterium and rich water product.
(2) selecting parent shrimps and transport: at night on May 10th, 2014, exopalaemon carinicauda sea is bought from Dafeng City and catches close shrimp
100Kg selects egg laying rate of red swamp to reach: 5~10% 5-10 days before breeding period arriving；The transport of close shrimp is using shrimp special transport living
Vehicles drive, for avoid because quantity it is excessive caused by squeeze anoxic, close shrimp is averagely placed on the work shrimp transport case of 30 fine meshes
In (60cm × 45cm × 10cm).Transport is derived from close shrimp life sea area with seawater, and the addition dedicated Vc of aquaculture stress spirit
(0.3ppm).Ice block cooling is used during transport, is persistently inflated with oxygen increasing pump.Water temperature is gradually transitions and outdoor by close shrimp after transporting to
Cultivating pool is consistent, then puts in a suitable place to breed in the pond, the Vc of full pool spilling head 0.3ppm stress spirit.Close shrimp is averaged, and body is long and weight is
5.27cm and 2.25g, average egg laying rate of red swamp 4.8%.
(3) close shrimp accelerating culture: close shrimp starts for second day after entering pond, feeds the work clam worm and fresh clam for being chopped into segment daily
Meat or squid 8-10kg, daily 8:00-9:00,16:00-17:00,23:00-24:00 are fed for 3 times totally, wherein preceding feed twice
Amount respectively accounts for feeding volume 40%, feeds the 20% of remaining feeding volume for the last time, depending on water temperature and situation of ingesting, feeds suitable prawn
Mixed feed.
(4) hatching larvae and collection: young acquisition time is determined according to close shrimp egg laying rate of red swamp and embryonic development situation, works as discovery
In most embryonic developments to film when zoea larva, macropore mesh (12 mesh) net cage (2m × 2m × 1m) is set up in parent shrimp rearing pond,
Along water surface 10-15cm is higher by net cage, net cage hits exactly 1, overhung 500W iodine-tungsten lamp, so as to later-stage utilization young phototaxis
Collect the young.After discovery has hatching larvae, the young is collected in net cage using 120 mesh sieve tulles, 8 points of timings of evening daily are opened
Lamp, 22:00,0:00 and 4:00 are respectively collected once.The young sampling being collected into counts, and calculates the quantity for collecting the young, young warp
Nursery pond cultivation is put into after 500ppm formalin processing 60s.
(5) indoor cement pit conventional seedbed system management: 3d before breeding, water for larval nursing are pumped into room from outdoor reservoir with water pump
In interior reservoir and nursery pond, and add the EDTA-2Na of 2ppmEM bacterium and 5ppm spare.25-27 DEG C of water temperature during nursery pond, salt
Degree 20 ± 1 ‰.It collects quantity according to the young young being collected into 2-3d is wired in 6 nursery ponds, cloth pond 150,000/m of density3
Left and right.
Bait feeding: exopalaemon carinicauda Newly hatchled is similar to the mysises of shrimps, be it is convenient for management, we are by its children
Body divided stages are oppossum shrimp 1-6 phase (M1-M6).The M1 phase young does not ingest, and at 25 DEG C, abnormal by 30h or so is M2, at this time
The artemia nauplii just hatched can be fed, feeding volume is gradually increased according to facility situation.M2 the and M3 phase feeds halogen completely
Worm nauplius, metamorphosis start to add prawn seed-rearing mixed bait-prawn slice after being M4, throw with artemia larvae in the ratio of 1:1
Hello, prawn slice full pool spilling head after the filtering of 120 mesh sieve tulles, day feeding volume is 10ppm or so.Artemia is gradually decreased since the M5 phase
It feeds, finally only feeds prawn slice until young shrimp.Artemia larvae divides morning 10:00 and evening 18:00 to feed twice, the every 4h of prawn slice
It feeds primary.
Water-quality control: nursery pond depth 120cm adds water depth 80cm or so for the first time, and the young enters pond and starts daily for the 3rd day
Add water 10cm, change within the 4th day water 20cm, changes within the 6th day water 40cm, change within the 8th day water 60cm, do not change water then within the 5th, 7 and 9 day.Each pond is every
Its morning 8:00-9:00 is stopped the supple of gas or steam, is inhaled bottom, blowdown.
Daily management: the daily morning and the at night physical and chemical indexes one such as each measurement water Inversion phenomenon, dissolved oxygen, pH value, ammonia nitrogen
It is secondary.Disease control during nursery is to control based on water quality, and nursery pond is primary with probiotics such as EM bacterium every 4 days, net
The breeding of harmful bacteria is suppressed while changing water quality.
At 25-27 DEG C, cultivation metamorphosis of the young through 10-11d is young shrimp.June 14, June 18 and June 23 are respectively
Emergence is primary, the accumulative emergence 128.6kg in indoor raising of seedling pond, counts 1573.2 ten thousand tails, and total incubation rate is 61.52%.July 10, room
Outer cultivating pool waterproof shrimping harvests close shrimp 95kg altogether, harvests young shrimp seedling kind 73.2kg, counts 6,830,000 tails.
This research has carried out the artificial breeding of exopalaemon carinicauda using two-part artificial raise seedling method, and close shrimp is purchased in advance, to the greatest extent
Amount selection sexual gland physically well develop but not yet high-volume oviposition season, water temperature is relatively low at this time, convenient for close shrimp transport and survive.
It cultivates water body using outdoor prawn culturing greenhouse and has carried out the measures such as rich water, one side water quality is preferable in parent shrimp rearing pond, it is not easy to
It generates emergency and has on the other hand also cultivated Micro Algae and planktonic organism, prepared item for the gonad development and nutrient accumulation of close shrimp
Part.Parent shrimp rearing pond is also hatching larvae pond, avoids fertilized eggs caused by the transfer of oogenesis parent shrimp is transported and falls off.Close shrimp survival rate
Raising and the reduction of fertilized eggs expulsion rate improve close shrimp utilization rate jointly.
The above are the descriptions to the embodiment of the present invention to keep this field special by the foregoing description of the disclosed embodiments
Industry technical staff can be realized or using the present invention.Various modifications to these embodiments carry out those skilled in the art
Saying will be apparent, and the general principles defined herein can be the case where not departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention
Under, it realizes in other embodiments.Therefore, the present invention will not be limited to the embodiments shown herein, but to accord with
Close the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of exopalaemon carinicauda two-part artificial raise seedling method, which is characterized in that exopalaemon carinicauda nursery is divided into two stages cultivation,
That is the parent shrimp rearing of progress outdoor earth pond and young collection phase and the young seedling management stage for entering the room cement pit；Specifically
Steps are as follows:
(1) selection and processing in outdoor cultivation pond；
(2) selecting parent shrimps and transport: breeding period arrive before 5-10 days, egg laying rate of red swamp: 5 ~ 10%, selection sexual gland germinated but
The not yet close shrimp of high-volume oogenesis, with shrimp Transport Appropriation Rolling Stock oxygenation transport living；
(3) close shrimp accelerating is cultivated: link is cultivated in the fortification carried out in outdoor cultivation pond；
(4) hatching larvae and collection: completing in outdoor cultivation pond, and hatching larvae peak period carries out young collection using phototaxis；
(5) indoor cement pit conventional seedbed system management: being that cement pit is entered the room after disinfecting after the young collects and counts
Young seedling management.
2. exopalaemon carinicauda two-part artificial raise seedling method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that room in the step (1)
The selection criteria of outer culture pond are as follows: within the 100m of indoor raising of seedling pond, area 400-500m2, depth of water 100cm or so outdoor
Native pond, pond treatment include bottom of pond dredging and are exposed to the sun, and close shrimp enters 2-3 weeks water inlet 60-80cm before pond, are disappeared with bleaching powder etc. containing chlorine
Toxic agent carries out water body disinfection, 5-10cm of intaking again after sterilizing 10 days, with commercially available rich water product culture Micro Algae and planktonic organism.
3. exopalaemon carinicauda two-part artificial raise seedling method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that close in the step (2)
This selection criteria is: specification is uniformly, appearance is without sick and wounded, vigor is good, sexual gland has germinated but the parent of not yet high-volume oogenesis
Shrimp；The close shrimp chosen persistently is inflated in transit using open canvas bucket transport or double-layer plastic bag oxygenation transport；Transport water
It should be close shrimp and inhabit sea area nature seawater, temperature is compared with Gao Shiying in night transport or cooling on the rocks.
4. exopalaemon carinicauda two-part artificial raise seedling method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that close in the step (3)
The fortification of shrimp, which is cultivated, refers to feeding on the basis of feeding close shrimp dedicated mixed bait addition fresh food, and close shrimp is dedicated
The ratio of mixed bait and fresh food is 1:3-4, and daily feeding volume is the 10-15% of close shrimp gross weight, daily 8:00-9:00,
16:00-17:00,23:00-24:00 are fed for 3 times totally, wherein preceding feeding volume twice respectively accounts for feeding volume 40%, are fed for the last time
The 20% of remaining feeding volume, feeding volume suitably increase and decrease depending on situation of ingesting.
5. exopalaemon carinicauda two-part artificial raise seedling method as claimed in claim 4, which is characterized in that the fresh food includes
Necessary clam worm and one of nonessential squid or fresh clam meat or two kinds, wherein clam worm should account for fresh food total amount
1/2 or more.
6. exopalaemon carinicauda two-part artificial raise seedling method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that young in the step (4)
Body hatching and collection are to set up young collecting region, net cage in parent shrimp rearing pond center in hatching larvae peak period 12-20 mesh net cage
Size is advisable with 2m × 2m × 1m, one, 300W or 500W iodine-tungsten lamp is set up above net cage, night is received using the phototaxis of the young
Collect the young, collects 3-4 times every night.
7. exopalaemon carinicauda two-part artificial raise seedling method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that room in the step (5)
Interior cement pit conventional seedbed system management increases young sterilizing part, after the young collects and counts, according to nursery pond water body stereometer
Breeding amount is calculated, the young enters pond and is advanced in 120 mesh fishing nets, and it is poly- to impregnate 50-60s or 10ppm through 500ppm formalin solution
It ties up after ketone iodine solution impregnates 5-10s disinfection and is rinsed with nursery water, then move into and carry out seedling management in nursery pond.
8. exopalaemon carinicauda two-part artificial raise seedling method as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that
Hatching larvae peak period is young density: 10 ~ 200/L period.
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| CN106234275B (en) * | 2016-08-26 | 2022-01-11 | 广东金阳生物技术有限公司 | Screening device and screening method for high-activity prawn nauplii |
| CN109479779A (en) * | 2018-12-21 | 2019-03-19 | 盐城工学院 | A kind of japonicus high yield environment-protecting cultivation method |
| CN112674016A (en) * | 2020-12-08 | 2021-04-20 | 中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所 | Coastal artificial wetland ecological maintenance system and ecological maintenance method |
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