CN103621442A - Indoor totally-artificial jellyfish breeding method - Google Patents
Indoor totally-artificial jellyfish breeding method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of aquatic animal breeding and particularly relates to an indoor totally-artificial jellyfish breeding method. The indoor totally-artificial jellyfish breeding method is characterized in that high-quality jellyfish hydroid polyp bodies stored under a low temperature are stimulated so that strobilation of the high-quality jellyfish hydroid polyp bodies can be formed and ephyrae can be generated; all environmental factors are controlled to make the ephyrae grow into adult jellyfishes inside a room. After the jellyfishes grow into the sexual maturity stage, gonads of the jellyfishes are made mature and oviposition and fertilization are carried out through an artificial inducing method, and finally zygotes grow into the ephyrae and indoor totally-artificial jellyfish breeding is completed. A large number of high-quality jellyfish hydroid polyp bodies can be once supplied according to the indoor totally-artificial jellyfish breeding method, the defects that hydroid polyp body supplement rate is low because podocyst breeding efficiency is low and the total number of the hydroid polyp bodies is continuously reduced because a large number of hydroid polyp bodies are separated from boards are overcome, and technical support is provided for storage of high-quality jellyfish seeds.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to aquatic livestock and breed field, relate in particular to the indoor full artificial breeding method of a kind of jellyfish.
Background technology
Jellyfish (Rhopilema esculenta Kishinouye 1891) is subordinate to Scyphozoa, the female order of root saliva, the female section of root saliva, jellyfish genus, it is the edible jellyfish of large-scale offshore that a kind of battalion swims and lives, there is higher economic worth, be always the important object of fishing for of China's shore fishery, output accounts for the more than 90% of all edible jellyfishes.In recent years, because mankind's activity has destroyed its habitat, add long-term overfishing, its stock number is fallen sharply.Along with China jellyfish is propagated the development of industry artificially, increasing problem is presented in face of China scientific worker, and how long preservation high-quality seed is exactly one of them.Initial China jellyfish seed breeding pattern is to adopt annual autumn to catch wild parent and sting, indoor breeding obtained Xi shape body, next year, use, and residue Xi shape body causes quantity to fall sharply without productive value because taking off the reasons such as plate, natural death after the end of growing seedlings, thus cannot be to jellyfish high-quality germ plasm resource long preservation.In recent years relevant scientist is used under long-term low temperature environment and preserves Xi shape body, obtains better effects, yet because the low supplementary rate of Xi shape body and its take off the high mortality that plates cause in a large number, causes seed total number constantly to reduce at present.Therefore how this problem of long preservation high-quality jellyfish seed is urgently to be resolved hurrily.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide the indoor full artificial breeding method of a kind of jellyfish.
For achieving the above object, the technical solution used in the present invention is:
The indoor full artificial breeding method of jellyfish, the high-quality jellyfish Xi shape body that stimulates low temperature to preserve, makes its transverse fissure produce acetabulum, by manual type, controls environment, make its indoor by acetabulum to its growth, be jellyfish adult; Jellyfish entering gland maturity after date makes its gonad maturity spawning and fertilization by artificial induction's method, finally by development of fertilized ova to Xi shape body, and then complete the indoor full artificial breeding of jellyfish.
Be specially,
1) acetabulum obtains and cultivates: water temperature is rapidly heated to 20 ℃, then the high-quality jellyfish Xi shape body induction transverse fissure of selecting is discharged to acetabulum, then cultivate acetabulum and sting to the children of umbrella through 20mm;
2) cultivation that becomes to sting: by above-mentioned energetic children sting continue cultivation until umbrella through 20-25cm, body colour is mauve one-tenth and stings;
3) become to sting and be developed to sexual maturity parent and sting: above-mentioned one-tenth is stung at 24 ± 1 ℃, salinity 30 ± 1 ‰, pH7.4-7.6, promotes parent's gonad development that becomes to sting, until gonadal maturation under the condition of water quality of dissolved oxygen 6.5-7.0mg/L;
4) artificial induction parent stings and lays eggs and the cultivation of Xi shape body: female, the male jellyfish of the parent of above-mentioned gonadal maturation is mixed, stimulate parent to discharge smart ovum until development of fertilized ova becomes 4 tentacle Xi shape bodies, then Xi shape body normal temperature is cultured to 16 tentacles, preserve.
Described step 1) every day, the heating rate with 2 ℃ was rapidly heated to 20 ℃ water temperature, the artemia nauplii of usining again lures the high-quality jellyfish Xi shape body of selecting of throwing something and feeding to throw something and feed 1-2 time every day as bait, changes water (its quantity of exchanged water 50%) until jellyfish Xi shape body induction transverse fissure discharges acetabulum after often throwing something and feeding 2 hours;
The acetabulum discharging is inflated cultivation, and throw something and feed 2-3 every day, and feeding volume be take and is full of in food and water artemia nauplii density in 1-2h stomach and is advisable, until acetabulum is cultured to children, stings as 10-20/L.
Described high-quality jellyfish Xi shape body is that Individual Size is even, body 600-800um, and figure expands, mouthful circle, mouthful handle is slightly grown, and retractable rotates and turns up; Tentacle stretches, and is quick on the draw.
Described energetic children stings even for Individual Size, and without deformity, body colour is light red or golden yellow, and oral arm heals substantially, and the ability of moving about is strong, has initiatively ingestion ability.
Described step 2) to the above-mentioned energetic children bait of throwing something and feeding of stinging, and keep water quality pure and fresh, be cultured to umbrella through 20-25cm, body colour is mauve one-tenth and stings;
Wherein, in earlier stage (umbrella is through the jellyfish of 3-10cm) take artemia nauplii and copepod larva and throws something and feeds twice every day as bait; When jellyfish umbrella is when growing to 10--15cm, the mass ratio of usining mixes artemia nauplii as bait feeding and throws something and feeds twice as 1:2 every day with artifical compound feed; When jellyfish umbrella is when growing to 20-25cm, the mass ratio of usining mixes artemia nauplii as bait feeding and throws something and feeds twice as 1:4 every day with artifical compound feed;
Described, artifical compound feed composition, fish meal 30-60% by weight percentage, dregs of beans 5-10%, fodder yeast 1-5%, lecithin 0.7-1.52% surplus is water.
Described maintenance water quality is pure and fresh is after throwing something and feeding every day 2-3 hour, culturing pool to be changed to water, the more than 80% of quantity of exchanged water culturing pool volume; And weekly culturing pool is fallen to Chi Huanshui once.Change water and measure in real time the umbrella warp of jellyfish simultaneously, the plastic basin that is 50cm with diameter during measurement is fished for it rear rapid measurement from pond, avoids the mucus of its hypersecretion;
Described step 3) stings one-tenth at 24 ± 1 ℃, salinity 30 ± 1 ‰, and pH7.4-7.6 under the condition of water quality of dissolved oxygen 6.5-7.0mg/L, and promotes parent's gonad development that becomes to sting, until gonadal maturation under the condition that keeps periodicity of illumination to be 16L:8D; Wherein, using mass ratio as 1:4(be value range as far as possible) artemia nauplii is mixed as bait feeding and is thrown something and fed 2-3 time with artifical compound feed every day, after often throwing something and feeding 2 hours, change water, quantity of exchanged water is 100%;
Described artifical compound feed composition, fish meal 30-60% by weight percentage, dregs of beans 5-10%, fodder yeast 1-5%, lecithin 0.7-1.52% surplus is water.
Adopt illumination and current to stimulate parent discharge sperm and the ovum of the above-mentioned gonadal maturation of induction, will stimulate the smart feritilization of ovum obtaining to obtain fertilized egg, development of fertilized ova becomes four tentacle Xi shape bodies; Four tentacle Xi shape bodies at low temperatures shading are preserved, under shading dark condition, induce the breeding of Xi shape body podocyst, the artemia nauplii of simultaneously throwing something and feeding, every 10-15 days throws something and feeds 1 time, each daily ration, feeding quantity is 2～3 times of hydrula number, and the hydrula on a full stomach young is Chinese red.
According to the ratio of male and female quantity 3:1 by the parent jellyfish of above-mentioned gonadal maturation, at periodicity of illumination, be that 16L:8D(2:00 AM every day is regularly turned on light to 6:00 AM, be indoor natural light daytime, evening indoor unglazed photograph) condition under, and carry out current stimulation until parent is laid eggs at the bottom of pond.
Advantage of the present invention: the indoor full artificial breeding that has completed jellyfish under artificial induction's condition, the Xi shape body that disposable acquisition is a large amount of, overcome in high-quality jellyfish Xi shape body long preservation process, the drawback that the low supplementary rate of Xi shape body causing because podocyst reproductive efficiency is low and the Xi shape body Xi shape body total number that de-plate causes in a large number constantly reduces, also can long preservation high-quality germplasm.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, this experiment is further described:
The present invention is the high-quality jellyfish Xi shape body that stimulates low temperature to preserve, and makes its transverse fissure produce acetabulum, by controlling each envirment factor, make its indoor by acetabulum to its growth, be jellyfish adult.Jellyfish entering gland maturity after date makes its gonad maturity spawning and fertilization by artificial induction's method, finally by development of fertilized ova to Xi shape body, complete the indoor full artificial breeding of jellyfish.This invention can disposablely supplement a large amount of high-quality Xi shape bodies, overcome in Xi shape body long preservation process, the drawback that the low supplementary rate of Xi shape body causing because podocyst reproductive efficiency is low and the Xi shape body Xi shape body total number that de-plate causes in a large number constantly reduces, for the preservation of high-quality jellyfish seed provides technical support.
The indoor full artificial breeding technology of jellyfish, comprise that acetabulum obtains and cultivates, children stings and select excellent, become to bite cultivation, the gonad development that becomes to sting, artificial induction parent are stung and are laid eggs, the cultivation of Xi shape body.
Embodiment
1) acetabulum obtains and cultivates: indoor water temperature rises to 14 ℃ by the end of April, selects the high-quality Xi shape body of preserving under 7 ℃ of temperature, and with the heating rate of 2 ℃, be rapidly heated to 20 ℃ of induction Xi shape body strobilations every day.During Xi shape body transverse fissure, feeding volume and quantity of exchanged water all increase, and change water every day and after 50%, two week, concentrate release acetabulum, and each Xi shape body discharges 5-10 acetabulum.
The micro-inflation of nascent acetabulum is cultivated, and until 3-4 days, develops into after the jellyfish young, uses air pocket inflation instead, and within 18 days, growing is that the children of umbrella through 20mm left and right stings.Feeding volume be take and is full of in food and water artemia nauplii density in 1h stomach and is advisable as 10-20/L.
2) children sting select excellent: the children who selects 500 umbrella footpath 2-3cm stings and puts into culture pond, choose without deformity, and body colour is light red or golden yellow, the individuality that the ability of moving about is strong, umbrella body is transparent, oral arm end grows bar-shaped hapteron, has initiatively ingestion ability.
3) cultivation that becomes to sting: children stings during cultivation and measured its umbrella warp every 3-4 days, constantly adjusts jellyfish density simultaneously, and the children of 20 10cm left and right of final picking stings and concentrates cultivation,, is developed to into and stings through growing to 25cm and substantially no longer growth through about 2 months its umbrellas.
Bait is artemia nauplii, copepod larva and artifical compound feed; Umbrella warp is the jellyfish of 3-10cm, mainly to take artemia nauplii and copepod larva to throw something and feed twice every day as bait, when jellyfish umbrella is when growing to 10-15cm, the mass ratio of usining mixes artemia nauplii as bait feeding and throws something and feeds twice as 1:2 every day with artifical compound feed, when jellyfish umbrella is when growing to 20-25cm, the mass ratio of usining mixes artemia nauplii as bait feeding and throws something and feeds twice as 1:4 every day with artifical compound feed.One-tenth will regularly carry out water quality monitoring during stinging and cultivating, and because artificial feed are apt to deteriorate at high temperature, after therefore throwing something and feeding, will change in time water at every turn, quantity of exchanged water surpasses 80%, to carry out water quality monitoring weekly, comprise temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen etc., guarantee in suitable scope.
4) become to sting and be developed to sexual maturity parent and sting: as stinging after growth retardation, enter the sexual gland puberty.The measure such as Artificial Control temperature, illumination and bait promotes parent's gonad development of stinging, and nurturing period water temperature is controlled at 23-25 ℃; The fluorescent lamp of 4 100W is settled at culture pond top, and every day, 2:00 AM was regularly turned on light to 6 points, and be indoor natural light daytime, evening indoor unglazed photograph, keeping periodicity of illumination is 16L(2:00-in morning 18:00 in afternoon): 8D(18:00-in evening second day 2:00 in morning); Bait is artemia nauplii and artifical compound feed, and the mass ratio of throwing something and feeding is 1:4, and throw something and feed 2-3 every day, and enough throwing something and feeding changed water after throwing something and feeding 2 hours, and quantity of exchanged water is 100%.Become to sting during gonad development and regularly carry out water quality monitoring, keep suitable condition of water quality, salinity 30 ± 1 ‰, pH7.4-7.6, dissolved oxygen 6.5-7.0mg/L.
Draw a small amount of gonad with suction pipe and observe under microscope bottom every day, and discovery female gonad is by white to dark-brown, and egg mother cell is free, and it is large that core becomes, color blackening, and diameter becomes greatly; Arrenotoky gland gradually becomes milky or pale red, and sperm ovarian follicle expands, and space diminishes.When 10 days, sampling was observed while finding free ovum and sperm afterwards, and individuality is ripe.
5) whether artificial induction parent stings and lays eggs: parent's gonadal maturation of stinging is found in sampling, and 9 jellyfishes of picking (female-male proportion is 3:1) are put into nursery pond, after immigration, every 0.5h, from sampling at the bottom of pond, examine under a microscope and lay eggs.We adopt illumination and stimulation by running water induction parent discharge sperm and ovum, and the fluorescent lamp of 4 100W is settled at culture pond top, and every day, 2:00 AM was regularly turned on light to 6 points, and be indoor natural light daytime, evening indoor unglazed photograph.Keeping periodicity of illumination is 16L(2:00-in morning 18:00 in afternoon): 8D(18:00-in evening second day 2:00 in morning), until parent is laid eggs; Inflator pump is settled in culture pond corner, water pipe is placed on to the water circulation that makes culture pond the inside at the bottom of pond, and coutroi velocity is blocked with 100 object bolting silks in water pipe bottom, and the while also avoids bubble to enter parent umbrella portion.
The parent bait of throwing something and feeding between the egg-laying period is mainly artemia nauplii and artifical compound feed, and the ratio of throwing something and feeding is 1:4, respectively throws something and feeds once in 14 of 8 a.m. and afternoons, after throwing something and feeding 2 hours, changes water, and a day rate of water exchange more than 100% guarantees that water quality is pure and fresh.
In culture pond is found in 4:00 AM left and right, seawater presents milky, and sampling finds that a large amount of sperms and ovum appear in culture pond bottom, after 30 minutes, finds fertilized egg, with siphonage, fertilized egg is collected in beaker, and continuous sampling is observed under the microscope.In after fertilization 24h, in hatchery, horizontally suspend corrugated plating as adherance, and corrugated plating is carried out to Continuous Observation.Approximately after 31h, on corrugated plating, find 4 tentacle Xi shape bodies.
6) Xi shape body is cultivated: most of Xi shape body attached plate after 3-4 days, the conditions such as temperature, bait of controlling are cultivated it at normal temperatures, have 500-1000 Xi shape body on every corrugated plating.Wait growing, to picking after 16 tentacles, transfer in right amount low temperature in glass steel container and preserve.
The present invention completes the indoor full artificial breeding of high-quality jellyfish seed, disposablely obtains 10
4individual Xi shape body, and Xi shape body is individual large.This invention has overcome in jellyfish Xi shape body long preservation process, the drawback that the low supplementary rate of Xi shape body causing because podocyst reproductive efficiency is low and the Xi shape body Xi shape body total number that de-plate causes in a large number constantly reduces, both realized jellyfish high-quality seed long preservation, and avoided again all spending every year a large amount of man power and materials and catch parent and sting to again adopting in ocean.
Claims (10)
1. the indoor full artificial breeding method of jellyfish, is characterized in that: the high-quality jellyfish Xi shape body that stimulates low temperature to preserve, make its transverse fissure produce acetabulum, by manual type, control environment, make its indoor by acetabulum to its growth, be jellyfish adult; Jellyfish entering gland maturity after date makes its gonad maturity spawning and fertilization by artificial induction's method, finally by development of fertilized ova to Xi shape body, and then complete the indoor full artificial breeding of jellyfish.
2. by the indoor full artificial breeding method of jellyfish claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: be specially,
1) acetabulum obtains and cultivates: water temperature is rapidly heated to 20 ℃, then the high-quality jellyfish Xi shape body induction transverse fissure of selecting is discharged to acetabulum, then cultivate acetabulum and sting to the children of umbrella through 20mm;
2) cultivation that becomes to sting: by above-mentioned energetic children sting continue cultivation until umbrella through 20-25cm, body colour is mauve one-tenth and stings;
3) become to sting and be developed to sexual maturity parent and sting: above-mentioned one-tenth is stung at 24 ± 1 ℃, salinity 30 ± 1 ‰, pH7.4-7.6, promotes parent's gonad development that becomes to sting, until gonadal maturation under the condition of water quality of dissolved oxygen 6.5-7.0mg/L;
4) artificial induction parent stings and lays eggs and the cultivation of Xi shape body: female, the male jellyfish of the parent of above-mentioned gonadal maturation is mixed, stimulate parent to discharge smart ovum until development of fertilized ova becomes 4 tentacle Xi shape bodies, then Xi shape body normal temperature is cultured to 16 tentacles, preserve.
3. by the indoor full artificial breeding method of jellyfish claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that:
Described step 1) every day, the heating rate with 2 ℃ was rapidly heated to 20 ℃ water temperature, the artemia nauplii of usining again lures the high-quality jellyfish Xi shape body of selecting of throwing something and feeding to throw something and feed 1-2 time every day as bait, changes water until jellyfish Xi shape body induction transverse fissure discharges acetabulum after often throwing something and feeding 2 hours;
The acetabulum discharging is inflated cultivation, and throw something and feed 2-3 every day, and feeding volume be take and is full of in food and water artemia nauplii density in 1-2h stomach and is advisable, until acetabulum is cultured to children, stings as 10-20/L.
4. by the indoor full artificial breeding method of jellyfish claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that:
Described high-quality jellyfish Xi shape body is that Individual Size is even, body 600-800um, and figure expands, mouthful circle, mouthful handle is slightly grown, and retractable rotates and turns up; Tentacle stretches, and is quick on the draw.
5. by the indoor full artificial breeding method of jellyfish claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that:
Described energetic children stings even for Individual Size, and without deformity, body colour is light red or golden yellow, and oral arm heals substantially, and the ability of moving about is strong, has initiatively ingestion ability.
6. by the indoor full artificial breeding method of jellyfish claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that:
Described step 2) to the above-mentioned energetic children bait of throwing something and feeding of stinging, and keep water quality pure and fresh, be cultured to umbrella through 20-25cm, body colour is mauve one-tenth and stings;
Wherein, in earlier stage (umbrella is through the jellyfish of 3-10cm) take artemia nauplii and copepod larva and throws something and feeds twice every day as bait; When jellyfish umbrella is when growing to 10--15cm, the mass ratio of usining mixes artemia nauplii as bait feeding and throws something and feeds twice as 1:2 every day with artifical compound feed; When jellyfish umbrella is when growing to 20-25cm, the mass ratio of usining mixes artemia nauplii as bait feeding and throws something and feeds twice as 1:4 every day with artifical compound feed;
Described, artifical compound feed composition, fish meal 30-60% by weight percentage, dregs of beans 5-10%, fodder yeast 1-5%, lecithin 0.7-1.52% surplus is water.
7. by the indoor full artificial breeding method of jellyfish claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that: described maintenance water quality is pure and fresh is after throwing something and feeding every day 2-3 hour, culturing pool to be changed to water, the more than 80% of quantity of exchanged water culturing pool volume; And weekly culturing pool is fallen to Chi Huanshui once.
8. by the indoor full artificial breeding method of jellyfish claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that:
Described step 3) stings one-tenth at 24 ± 1 ℃, salinity 30 ± 1 ‰, and pH7.4-7.6 under the condition of water quality of dissolved oxygen 6.5-7.0mg/L, and promotes parent's gonad development that becomes to sting, until gonadal maturation under the condition that keeps periodicity of illumination to be 16L:8D; Wherein, using mass ratio as 1:4 mixes artemia nauplii as bait feeding and throws something and feeds 2-3 time with artifical compound feed every day, after often throwing something and feeding 2 hours, change water, quantity of exchanged water is 100%;
Described artifical compound feed composition, fish meal 30-60% by weight percentage, dregs of beans 5-10%, fodder yeast 1-5%, lecithin 0.7-1.52% surplus is water.
9. by the indoor full artificial breeding method of jellyfish claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that: adopt illumination and current to stimulate parent discharge sperm and the ovum of the above-mentioned gonadal maturation of induction, to stimulate the smart feritilization of ovum obtaining to obtain fertilized egg, development of fertilized ova becomes four tentacle Xi shape bodies; Four tentacle Xi shape bodies at low temperatures shading are preserved, under shading dark condition, induce the breeding of Xi shape body podocyst, the artemia nauplii of simultaneously throwing something and feeding, every 10-15 days throws something and feeds 1 time, each daily ration, feeding quantity is 2～3 times of hydrula number, and the hydrula on a full stomach young is Chinese red.
10. by the indoor full artificial breeding method of jellyfish claimed in claim 9, it is characterized in that: according to the ratio of male and female quantity 3:1 by the parent jellyfish of above-mentioned gonadal maturation, under the condition that is 16L:8D at periodicity of illumination, and carry out current stimulation until parent is laid eggs at the bottom of pond.
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| CN104521844B (en) * | 2015-01-20 | 2016-08-24 | 大连理工大学 | A kind of jellyfish vegetative propagation fine-variety breeding method |
| CN104542404B (en) * | 2015-01-21 | 2016-12-07 | 营口市荣发参蜇有限公司 | The cultural method of Rhopilema esculenta seed |
| CN106417119B (en) * | 2016-09-30 | 2019-06-04 | 辽宁省海洋水产科学研究院 | A kind of method of jellyfish fertilization and hatching |
| CN106417119A (en) * | 2016-09-30 | 2017-02-22 | 辽宁省海洋水产科学研究院 | Method of jellyfish fertilization and hatching |
| CN107466913A (en) * | 2017-08-17 | 2017-12-15 | 大连荣昌大海水产经贸有限公司 | A kind of jellyfish cultural method |
| CN107568113A (en) * | 2017-09-20 | 2018-01-12 | 辽宁省海洋水产科学研究院 | A kind of control technique of more batches of strobilations of jellyfish Xi shape bodies |
| CN109892261A (en) * | 2017-12-11 | 2019-06-18 | 深圳市高盛生物科技发展有限公司 | Papua glass gall mother's artificial cultivating method |
| CN109892261B (en) * | 2017-12-11 | 2022-01-04 | 深圳市高盛生物科技发展有限公司 | Artificial breeding method of Babuyan jellyfishes |
| CN113632751A (en) * | 2021-08-30 | 2021-11-12 | 中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所 | Jellyfish fry production method based on podocyst reproduction |
| CN114514898A (en) * | 2022-03-26 | 2022-05-20 | 晋中市农业农村局 | Artificial propagation method of phoxinus lagowskii |
| CN114514898B (en) * | 2022-03-26 | 2023-05-05 | 晋中市农业农村局 | Artificial propagation method of lagerstroemia indica |
| CN115005135A (en) * | 2022-04-22 | 2022-09-06 | 辽宁省海洋水产科学研究院 | Method for long-term low-temperature conservation and cyclic utilization of jellyfish foot sacs |
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