CN103621442B - The indoor full artificial breeding method of a kind of jellyfish - Google Patents
The indoor full artificial breeding method of a kind of jellyfish Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to aquatic livestock and breed field, particularly relate to the indoor full artificial breeding method of a kind of jellyfish.Specifically, stimulating the high-quality jellyfish Xi shape body of Cord blood, make its transverse fissure produce acetabulum, by controlling each envirment factor, making it be jellyfish adult by acetabulum to its growth in indoor.Jellyfish entering gland maturity after date makes its gonad maturity and spawning and fertilization by artificial induction's method, finally by development of fertilized ova to Xi shape body, complete the full artificial breeding in indoor of jellyfish.This invention disposablely can supplement a large amount of high-quality Xi shape body, overcome in Xi shape body preservation process for a long time, the drawback that the low supplementary rate of Xi shape body caused because podocyst reproductive efficiency is low and the Xi shape body Xi shape body total number that de-plate causes in a large number constantly reduces, for the preservation of high-quality jellyfish seed provides technical support.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to aquatic livestock and breed field, particularly relate to the indoor full artificial breeding method of a kind of jellyfish.
Background technology
Jellyfish (Rhopilema esculenta Kishinouye 1891) is subordinate to Scyphozoa, root space decomposition order, root space decomposition section, jellyfish genus, be a kind of battalion swim life large-scale offshore eat jellyfish, there is higher economic worth, be always the important fished species of China's shore fishery, output accounts for more than 90% of all edible jellyfishes.In recent years, because mankind's activity destroys its habitat, add long-term overfishing, its stock number is fallen sharply.Along with China jellyfish propagates the development of industry artificially, increasing problem is presented in face of China scientific worker, and how to preserve high-quality seed is for a long time exactly one of them.Initial China jellyfish seed reproductive modes is adopt annual autumn to catch wild parent and sting, indoor are bred and are obtained Xi shape body, use next year, and nursery terminates rear residue Xi shape body, cannot preserve for a long time thus to jellyfish high-quality germ plasm resource without productive value because the reasons such as de-plate, natural death cause quantity to fall sharply.In recent years relevant scientific man adopts under prolonged cold environment, preserves Xi shape body, obtains better effects, but at present because the low supplementary rate of Xi shape body and its high mortality that de-plate causes in a large number cause seed total number constantly to reduce.Therefore how to preserve this problems demand of high-quality jellyfish seed for a long time to solve.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide the indoor full artificial breeding method of a kind of jellyfish.
For achieving the above object, the technical solution used in the present invention is:
The indoor full artificial breeding method of a kind of jellyfish, is stimulated the high-quality jellyfish Xi shape body of Cord blood, makes its transverse fissure produce acetabulum, controled environment by manual type, makes it be jellyfish adult by acetabulum to its growth in indoor; Jellyfish entering gland maturity after date makes its gonad maturity and spawning and fertilization by artificial induction's method, finally by development of fertilized ova to Xi shape body, and then the full artificial breeding in the indoor completing jellyfish.
Be specially,
1) acetabulum obtains and cultivates: be rapidly heated water temperature to 20 DEG C, then the high-quality jellyfish Xi shape body induction transverse fissure release acetabulum that will select, and then cultivates acetabulum and stings to the children of umbrella through 20mm;
2) become to sting cultivation: above-mentioned energetic children stung and continue to cultivate until umbrella is through 20-25cm, body colour is that mauve one-tenth is stung;
3) become to sting and be developed to sexual maturity parent and sting: above-mentioned one-tenth is stung at 24 ± 1 DEG C, salinity 30 ± 1 ‰, pH7.4-7.6, under the condition of water quality of dissolved oxygen 6.5-7.0mg/L, promote that parent becomes to sting gonad development, until gonadal maturation;
4) artificial induction parent stings and lays eggs and the cultivation of Xi shape body: by female for the parent of above-mentioned gonadal maturation, male jellyfish mixing, stimulate parent to discharge smart ovum until development of fertilized ova becomes 4 tentacle Xi shape bodies, then Xi shape body normal temperature is cultured to 16 tentacles, preserve.
Described step 1) makes water temperature be rapidly heated to 20 DEG C with the heating rate of 2 DEG C every day, the high-quality jellyfish Xi shape body that luring using artemia nauplii as bait throws something and feeds again selects is thrown something and fed 1-2 time every day, changes water (its quantity of exchanged water 50%) until jellyfish Xi shape body induction transverse fissure release acetabulum after often throwing something and feeding 2 hours;
The acetabulum discharged carries out air-charging incubation, and every day throws something and feeds 2-3 time, and feeding volume, to be full of food in 1-2h stomach and in water, artemia nauplii density is advisable for 10-20/L, is stung until acetabulum is cultured to children.
Described high-quality jellyfish Xi shape body is that Individual Size is even, body 600-800um, and figure expands, and mouth is circular, and mouth handle is thick and grow, and retractable rotates and turns up; Tentacle stretches, and is quick on the draw.
Described energetic children stings for Individual Size is even, and without deformity, body colour is light red or golden yellow, and oral arm heals substantially, and travelling ability is strong, has initiatively ingestion ability.
Described step 2) to sting bait of throwing something and feeding to above-mentioned energetic children, and keep water quality pure and fresh, be cultured to umbrella through 20-25cm, body colour is that mauve one-tenth is stung;
Wherein, in earlier stage (umbrella is through the jellyfish of 3-10cm) with artemia nauplii and copepod larva for bait is thrown something and fed twice every day; When jellyfish umbrella is through growing to 10--15cm, be that artemia nauplii mixes with artifical compound feed and throws something and feeds twice every day as bait feeding by 1:2 with mass ratio; When jellyfish umbrella is through growing to 20-25cm, be that artemia nauplii mixes with artifical compound feed and throws something and feeds twice every day as bait feeding by 1:4 with mass ratio;
Described, artifical compound feed composition, by weight percentage fish meal 30-60%, dregs of beans 5-10%, fodder yeast 1-5%, lecithin 0.7-1.52% surplus is water.
Described maintenance water quality is pure and fresh is change water to culturing pool, more than 80% of quantity of exchanged water culturing pool volume after throwing something and feeding every day 2-3 hour; And weekly Chi Huanshui is carried out down once to culturing pool.Change the umbrella warp that water measures jellyfish simultaneously in real time, during measurement, diameter is that it is fished for rear rapid measurement by the plastic basin of 50cm from pond, avoids the mucus of its hypersecretion;
One-tenth is stung at 24 ± 1 DEG C by described step 3), salinity 30 ± 1 ‰, pH7.4-7.6, under the condition of water quality of dissolved oxygen 6.5-7.0mg/L, and promotes that parent becomes to sting gonad development, until gonadal maturation under maintenance periodicity of illumination is the condition of 16L:8D; Wherein, take mass ratio as 1:4(be value range as far as possible) artemia nauplii is mixed with artifical compound feed and throws something and feeds 2-3 time every day as bait feeding, change water after often throwing something and feeding 2 hours, quantity of exchanged water is 100%;
Described artifical compound feed composition, by weight percentage fish meal 30-60%, dregs of beans 5-10%, fodder yeast 1-5%, lecithin 0.7-1.52% surplus is water.
Adopt illumination and current to stimulate the parent of inducing above-mentioned gonadal maturation to discharge sperm and ovum, will the smart feritilization of ovum obtained be stimulated to obtain fertilized egg, development of fertilized ova becomes four tentacle Xi shape bodies; Four tentacle Xi shape bodies at low temperatures shading are preserved, induce Xi shape body podocyst to breed under shading dark condition, artemia nauplii of simultaneously throwing something and feeding, every 10-15 days throws something and feeds 1 time, each daily ration, feeding quantity is 2 ~ 3 times of hydrula number, and the hydrula on a full stomach young is Chinese red.
According to the ratio of male and female quantity 3:1 by the parent jellyfish of above-mentioned gonadal maturation, periodicity of illumination be 16L:8D(2:00 AM every day timing turn on light to 6:00 AM, daytime is indoor natural light, evening indoor unglazed photograph) condition under, and carry out current stimulation until parent is laid eggs at the bottom of pond.
Advantage of the present invention: the full artificial breeding in indoor completing jellyfish under artificial induction's condition, the Xi shape body that disposable acquisition is a large amount of, overcome in high-quality jellyfish Xi shape body preservation process for a long time, the drawback that the low supplementary rate of Xi shape body caused because podocyst reproductive efficiency is low and the Xi shape body Xi shape body total number that de-plate causes in a large number constantly reduces, also can preserve high-quality kind matter for a long time.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, this experiment is further described:
The present invention stimulates the high-quality jellyfish Xi shape body of Cord blood, makes its transverse fissure produce acetabulum, by controlling each envirment factor, makes it be jellyfish adult by acetabulum to its growth in indoor.Jellyfish entering gland maturity after date makes its gonad maturity and spawning and fertilization by artificial induction's method, finally by development of fertilized ova to Xi shape body, complete the full artificial breeding in indoor of jellyfish.This invention disposablely can supplement a large amount of high-quality Xi shape body, overcome in Xi shape body preservation process for a long time, the drawback that the low supplementary rate of Xi shape body caused because podocyst reproductive efficiency is low and the Xi shape body Xi shape body total number that de-plate causes in a large number constantly reduces, for the preservation of high-quality jellyfish seed provides technical support.
The indoor full artificial breeding technology of jellyfish, comprise that acetabulum obtains and cultivates, children stings and select excellent, become to bite cultivation, the gonad development that becomes to sting, artificial induction parent sting lay eggs, the cultivation of Xi shape body.
Embodiment
1) acetabulum obtains and cultivates: indoor water temperature rise to 14 DEG C by the end of April, the high-quality Xi shape body preserved under selecting 7 DEG C of temperature, and every day, with the heating rate of 2 DEG C, is rapidly heated to 20 DEG C of induction Xi shape body strobilations.During Xi shape body transverse fissure, feeding volume and quantity of exchanged water all increase, and change water 50% every day, concentrate release acetabulum after two weeks, each Xi shape body release 5-10 acetabulum.
The nascent micro-air-charging incubation of acetabulum, after 3-4 days develop into the jellyfish young, use air pocket inflation instead, growth in 18 days is stung through the children of about 20mm for umbrella.Feeding volume is to be full of food in 1h stomach and in water, artemia nauplii density is advisable for 10-20/L.
2) children sting select excellent: the children selecting 500 umbrella footpath 2-3cm stings and puts into culture pond, and choose without deformity, body colour be light red or golden yellow, the individuality that travelling ability is strong, and umbrella body is transparent, and oral arm end grows bar-shaped hapteron, has active ingestion ability.
3) become to sting cultivation: children measured its umbrella warp every 3-4 days during stinging and cultivating, and constantly adjusted jellyfish density simultaneously, and the children of final picking 20 about 10cm stings to concentrate and cultivates, and through about 2 months its umbrellas through growing to 25cm and substantially no longer increasing, is developed to into and stings.
Bait is artemia nauplii, copepod larva and artifical compound feed; The jellyfish of umbrella through being 3-10cm, mainly with artemia nauplii and copepod larva for bait is thrown something and fed twice every day, when jellyfish umbrella is through growing to 10-15cm, be that artemia nauplii mixes with artifical compound feed and throws something and feeds twice every day as bait feeding by 1:2 with mass ratio, when jellyfish umbrella is through growing to 20-25cm, be that artemia nauplii mixes with artifical compound feed and throws something and feeds twice every day as bait feeding by 1:4 with mass ratio.One-tenth regularly will carry out water quality monitoring during stinging and cultivating, and because artificial feed are apt to deteriorate at high temperature, will change water in time after therefore throwing something and feeding at every turn, quantity of exchanged water is more than 80%, to water quality monitoring be carried out weekly, comprise temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen etc., ensure in suitable scope.
4) become to sting and be developed to sexual maturity parent and sting: after growth retardation of stinging, enter the sexual gland puberty.The measures such as Artificial Control temperature, illumination and bait promote that parent stings gonad development, and nurturing period water temperature controls at 23-25 DEG C; The fluorescent lamp of 4 100W is settled at culture pond top, and every day, 2:00 AM timing was turned on light to 6 points, and daytime is indoor natural light, and evening, indoor unglazed photograph, kept periodicity of illumination to be 16L(2:00-in morning 18:00 in afternoon): 8D(18:00-in evening 2:00 in second day morning); Bait is artemia nauplii and artifical compound feed, and mass ratio of throwing something and feeding is 1:4, and every day throws something and feeds 2-3 time, enoughly throws something and feeds, and change water after throwing something and feeding 2 hours, quantity of exchanged water is 100%.Become to sting during gonad development and regularly carry out water quality monitoring, keep suitable condition of water quality, salinity 30 ± 1 ‰, pH7.4-7.6, dissolved oxygen 6.5-7.0mg/L.
Every day draws a small amount of gonad with suction pipe and observes under microscope bottom, and find female gonad by white to dark-brown, egg mother cell dissociates, and core becomes large, color blackening, and diameter becomes large; Male reproduction gradually becomes milky or pale red, and sperm ovarian follicle expands, and space diminishes.When 10 days, the ovum and sperm that find to dissociate were observed in sampling afterwards, individuality is ripe.
5) artificial induction parent stings and lays eggs: sampling finds that parent stings gonadal maturation, and whether picking 9 jellyfishes (female-male proportion is 3:1) put into nursery pond, sample to examine under a microscope lay eggs after immigration every 0.5h at the bottom of pond.We adopt illumination and stimulation by running water to induce parent to discharge sperm and ovum, and the fluorescent lamp of 4 100W is settled at culture pond top, and every day, 2:00 AM timing was turned on light to 6 points, and daytime is indoor natural light, the unglazed photograph in indoor in evening.Periodicity of illumination is kept to be 16L(2:00-in morning 18:00 in afternoon): 8D(18:00-in evening 2:00 in second day morning), until parent is laid eggs; Inflator pump is settled in culture pond corner, water pipe is placed on the water circulation made at the bottom of pond inside culture pond, blocks coutroi velocity bottom water pipe with 100 object bolting silks, while also avoid bubble to enter parent umbrella portion.
Bait of throwing something and feeding between the parent egg-laying period is mainly artemia nauplii and artifical compound feed, and the ratio of throwing something and feeding is 1:4, and 8 a.m. and at 14 in afternoon respectively throw something and feed once, change water after throwing something and feeding 2 hours, day rate of water exchange more than 100% ensure that water quality is pure and fresh.
About 4:00 AM, find that in culture pond, seawater presents milky, sampling finds to occur a large amount of sperm and ovum bottom culture pond, finds fertilized egg, collect in beaker with siphonage by fertilized egg after 30 minutes, and continuous sampling is observed under the microscope.In hatchery, horizontally suspend corrugated plating as adherance in after fertilization 24h, and Continuous Observation is carried out to corrugated plating.After 31h, on corrugated plating, about find 4 tentacle Xi shape bodies.
6) Xi shape body is cultivated: most of Xi shape body attached plate after 3-4 days, the condition such as control temperature, bait makes it cultivate at normal temperatures, every block corrugated plating has 500-1000 Xi shape body.After growth to 16 tentacles, picking transfers to Cord blood in glass steel container in right amount.
The present invention completes the full artificial breeding in indoor of high-quality jellyfish seed, disposable acquisition 10
4individual Xi shape body, and Xi shape body is individual large.This invention overcomes in jellyfish Xi shape body preservation process for a long time, the drawback that the low supplementary rate of Xi shape body caused because podocyst reproductive efficiency is low and the Xi shape body Xi shape body total number that de-plate causes in a large number constantly reduces, both realized jellyfish high-quality seed to preserve for a long time, and avoided again all spending in a large amount of man power and material to ocean every year again adopting and catch parent and sting.
Claims (8)
1. the indoor full artificial breeding method of jellyfish, is characterized in that: the high-quality jellyfish Xi shape body stimulating Cord blood, makes its transverse fissure produce acetabulum, is controled environment by manual type, makes it be jellyfish adult by acetabulum to its growth in indoor; Jellyfish entering gland maturity after date makes its gonad maturity and spawning and fertilization by artificial induction's method, finally by development of fertilized ova to Xi shape body, and then the full artificial breeding in the indoor completing jellyfish,
Be specially,
Step 1) acetabulum obtains and cultivates: water temperature is rapidly heated to 20 DEG C, then the high-quality jellyfish Xi shape body induction transverse fissure release acetabulum that will select, then cultivate acetabulum and bite to the children of umbrella footpath 20mm;
Step 2) cultivation of jellyfish adult: in above-mentioned children being bitten, energetic children is bitten and is continued to cultivate until umbrella footpath 20-25cm, and body colour is mauve jellyfish adult;
Step 3) jellyfish adult is developed to sexual maturity parent and bites: by above-mentioned jellyfish adult at 24 ± 1 DEG C, salinity 30 ± 1 ‰, pH7.4-7.6, promotes parent jellyfish adult gonad development, until gonadal maturation under the condition of water quality of dissolved oxygen 6.5-7.0mg/L;
Step 4) artificial induction parent bites and to lay eggs and Xi shape body is cultivated: by the mixing of female, the male parent jellyfish adult of above-mentioned gonadal maturation, parent jellyfish adult is stimulated to discharge smart ovum until development of fertilized ova becomes 4 tentacle Xi shape bodies, again Xi shape body normal temperature is cultured to 16 tentacles, preserves;
Described step 2) bite to above-mentioned children in energetic children bite bait of throwing something and feeding, and keep water quality pure and fresh, be cultured to umbrella footpath 20-25cm, body colour is mauve jellyfish adult;
Wherein, the jellyfish of umbrella footpath 3-10cm with artemia nauplii and copepod larva for bait is thrown something and fed twice every day; When 10-15cm is grown in jellyfish umbrella footpath, be that artemia nauplii mixes with artifical compound feed and throws something and feeds twice every day as bait feeding by 1:2 with mass ratio; When 20-25cm is grown in jellyfish umbrella footpath, be that artemia nauplii mixes with artifical compound feed and throws something and feeds twice every day as bait feeding by 1:4 with mass ratio;
The composition of described artifical compound feed, by weight percentage fish meal 30-60%, dregs of beans 5-10%, fodder yeast 1-5%, lecithin 0.7-1.52%, surplus is water.
2., by the indoor full artificial breeding method of jellyfish according to claim 1, it is characterized in that:
Described step 1) make water temperature be rapidly heated to 20 DEG C with the heating rate of 2 DEG C every day, the high-quality jellyfish Xi shape body selected using artemia nauplii as bait feeding is is again thrown something and fed 1-2 time every day, changes water until jellyfish Xi shape body induction transverse fissure release acetabulum after often throwing something and feeding 2 hours;
The acetabulum discharged carries out air-charging incubation, and every day throws something and feeds 2-3 time, and feeding volume, to be full of food in 1-2h stomach and in water, artemia nauplii density is advisable for 10-20/L, is bitten until acetabulum is cultured to children.
3., by the indoor full artificial breeding method of jellyfish according to claim 1, it is characterized in that:
Described high-quality jellyfish Xi shape body is that Individual Size is even, the long 600-800 μm of body, and figure expands, and mouth is circular, and mouth handle is thick and grow, and retractable rotates and turns up; Tentacle stretches, and is quick on the draw.
4., by the indoor full artificial breeding method of jellyfish according to claim 2, it is characterized in that:
Described energetic children is bitten for Individual Size is even, and without deformity, body colour is light red or golden yellow, and oral arm heals substantially, and travelling ability is strong, has initiatively ingestion ability.
5., by the indoor full artificial breeding method of jellyfish according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described maintenance water quality is pure and fresh is change water to culturing pool after throwing something and feeding every day 2-3 hour, and quantity of exchanged water is more than 80% of culturing pool volume; And weekly Chi Huanshui is carried out down once to culturing pool.
6., by the indoor full artificial breeding method of jellyfish according to claim 1, it is characterized in that:
Described step 3) by jellyfish adult at 24 ± 1 DEG C, salinity 30 ± 1 ‰, pH7.4-7.6, under the condition of water quality of dissolved oxygen 6.5-7.0mg/L, and parent jellyfish adult gonad development is promoted, until gonadal maturation under maintenance periodicity of illumination is the condition of 16L:8D; Wherein, be that artemia nauplii mixes with artifical compound feed and throws something and feeds 2-3 time every day as bait feeding by 1:4 with mass ratio, change water after often throwing something and feeding 2 hours, quantity of exchanged water is 100%;
The composition of described artifical compound feed, by weight percentage fish meal 30-60%, dregs of beans 5-10%, fodder yeast 1-5%, lecithin 0.7-1.52%, surplus is water.
7. by the indoor full artificial breeding method of jellyfish according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: adopt illumination and current to stimulate the parent jellyfish adult of inducing above-mentioned gonadal maturation to discharge sperm and ovum, to the smart feritilization of ovum obtained be stimulated to obtain fertilized egg, development of fertilized ova becomes four tentacle Xi shape bodies; Four tentacle Xi shape bodies at low temperatures shading are preserved, and induce Xi shape body podocyst to breed under shading dark condition, artemia nauplii of simultaneously throwing something and feeding, every 10-15 days throws something and feeds 1 time, and each daily ration, feeding quantity is 2 ~ 3 times of Xi shape body number, and the Xi shape body on a full stomach young is Chinese red.
8. by the indoor full artificial breeding method of jellyfish according to claim 7, it is characterized in that: according to the ratio of male and female quantity 3:1 by the parent jellyfish adult of above-mentioned gonadal maturation, be under the condition of 16L:8D at periodicity of illumination, at the bottom of pond, carry out current stimulation until parent jellyfish adult is laid eggs.
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| CN107466913A (en) * | 2017-08-17 | 2017-12-15 | 大连荣昌大海水产经贸有限公司 | A kind of jellyfish cultural method |
| CN107568113B (en) * | 2017-09-20 | 2019-08-09 | 辽宁省海洋水产科学研究院 | A kind of control technique of more batches of strobilations of jellyfish Xi shape body |
| CN109892261B (en) * | 2017-12-11 | 2022-01-04 | 深圳市高盛生物科技发展有限公司 | Artificial breeding method of Babuyan jellyfishes |
| CN113632751B (en) * | 2021-08-30 | 2022-04-26 | 中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所 | Jellyfish fry production method based on podocyst reproduction |
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