CN101317552B - Industrial cultivation method for one-year double-cropping sepiella maindroni - Google Patents
Industrial cultivation method for one-year double-cropping sepiella maindroni Download PDFInfo
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- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 title abstract 4
- 241001663378 Sepiella maindroni Species 0.000 title 1
- 238000009355 double cropping Methods 0.000 title 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 241000238366 Cephalopoda Species 0.000 claims description 79
- 235000013601 eggs Nutrition 0.000 claims description 35
- 230000012447 hatching Effects 0.000 claims description 32
- 241000238557 Decapoda Species 0.000 claims description 21
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 claims description 21
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 241000700141 Rotifera Species 0.000 claims description 8
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 241000239250 Copepoda Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 241000036208 Mysis Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000000366 juvenile effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001850 reproductive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 241000238582 Artemia Species 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005273 aeration Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 241001247197 Cephalocarida Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 241000238371 Sepiidae Species 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 102000002322 Egg Proteins Human genes 0.000 abstract 1
- 108010000912 Egg Proteins Proteins 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 210000004681 ovum Anatomy 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000009313 farming Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000002354 daily effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000006806 disease prevention Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 2
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- 241000143060 Americamysis bahia Species 0.000 description 1
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- 241000238413 Octopus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000238370 Sepia Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001441745 Sepia esculenta Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001663395 Sepiella Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000003674 animal food additive Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000011031 large-scale manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种乌贼的养殖方法，特别是曼氏无针乌贼的一年两茬的养殖方法。The invention relates to a method for cultivating squid, in particular to a method for cultivating two crops of squid per year.
背景技术Background technique
近年来，随着世界大宗海洋经济鱼类资源的日益衰退，海洋头足类已成为国际社会致力开发的热点种类，我国海洋头足类开发也逐渐起步。曼氏无针乌贼(Sepiella maindron de Rochebrune)，为一年生、食性凶猛、生长迅速的海洋头足类(以下简称乌贼)，分类上隶属贝类、头足纲、二鳃亚纲、十腕目、乌贼总科、乌贼科、无针乌贼属。乌贼分布于中国东南沿海，俄罗斯、日本、朝鲜以及东南亚沿海，浙江沿海是最重要的分布区。乌贼肉味鲜美，风味独特，营养价值高，深受消费群体的喜爱，干品称“螟脯鲞”，产品畅销东南亚一带及我国沿海各地。由于近年来乌贼产量极少，市场销售主要以金乌贼和鱿鱼为主。乌贼全身是宝，乌贼骨是传统中药海鳔蛸，内脏粉是动物饲料的优良诱食剂、富含不饱和脂肪酸、脂溶性维生素和未知生长因子，是优良的饲料添加剂。近年来，发明单位开始养殖研究的曼氏无针乌贼，具有营养价值高、生长速度快、养殖周期短的特点，因此是理想的养殖新品种。但一般认为，曼氏无针乌贼在自然条件下一年只繁育一次，且至今为止还未有过成熟的养殖技术，除围塘养殖外还未见工厂化养殖、网箱养殖等高效养殖模式的报道。In recent years, with the decline of the world's large marine economic fish resources, marine cephalopods have become a hot species that the international community is committed to developing, and the development of marine cephalopods in my country has gradually started. Sepiella maindron de Rochebrune is an annual marine cephalopod (hereinafter referred to as squid) with ferocious feeding habits and rapid growth. Squid superfamily, Sepiaceae, Sepia genus. Squid are distributed along the southeast coast of China, along the coasts of Russia, Japan, Korea and Southeast Asia, and the coast of Zhejiang is the most important distribution area. Squid meat is delicious, unique in flavor and high in nutritional value. It is deeply loved by consumers. The dry product is called "boiled squid", and the products are sold well in Southeast Asia and coastal areas of my country. Due to the very small cuttlefish output in recent years, the market sales are mainly golden cuttlefish and squid. The whole body of squid is a treasure, and squid bone is a traditional Chinese medicine of sea bladder octopus. Offal powder is an excellent attractant for animal feed, rich in unsaturated fatty acids, fat-soluble vitamins and unknown growth factors, and is an excellent feed additive. In recent years, the Squid Mansoni, which the inventor has begun to breed and research, has the characteristics of high nutritional value, fast growth, and short breeding cycle, so it is an ideal new species for breeding. However, it is generally believed that Squid only breeds once a year under natural conditions, and so far there is no mature breeding technology, and there are no high-efficiency farming models such as industrial farming and cage farming except pond farming. reports.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明提供了一种工厂化养殖曼氏无针乌贼的方法。The invention provides a method for industrialized cultivation of squid mansoni.
本发明还提供了一种一年两茬的工厂化养殖曼氏无针乌贼的方法。The invention also provides a method for industrialized cultivation of squid with two crops a year.
本发明的上述技术目的是通过以下技术方案解决的：Above-mentioned technical purpose of the present invention is solved by following technical scheme:
曼氏无针乌贼工厂化养殖方法，包括以下步骤：The factory culture method of Manson's needleless cuttlefish comprises the following steps:
A.取卵：4～5月选取健康的曼氏无针乌贼作为亲体；通过人工培育，生殖调控，使其正常产卵；用乌贼卵附着器进行采卵，待受精卵附于乌贼卵附着器后，将其移入孵化池中进行孵化；孵化水温15～25℃，优选18～22℃，正常冲气，每日或每两日换过滤海水一次；经25～35天，曼氏无针乌贼幼体孵出。A. Egg collection: Select healthy needleless squid from April to May as the parent body; through artificial cultivation and reproductive regulation, make it lay eggs normally; use the squid egg attachment device to collect eggs, and wait for the fertilized eggs to attach to the squid eggs After the container, move it into the hatching tank for hatching; the hatching water temperature is 15-25°C, preferably 18-22°C, aerate normally, and change the filtered seawater once every day or every two days; after 25-35 days, Man's needle-free Squid larvae hatch.
B.培养：曼氏无针乌贼幼体的培育水温一般在20～25℃之间；曼氏无针乌贼孵出1天后开始进行投饲，开口饵料为轮虫，每日两次；3～5天后开始投喂卤虫，7～9天后开始投喂桡足类，25～35天后开始投喂糠虾；随养殖个体的增大，开始进行分苗，冲气、每天换过滤海水。B. Cultivation: The water temperature for cultivating squid larvae is generally between 20 and 25°C; the squid will be fed 1 day after hatching, and the opening bait is rotifers, twice a day; 3 to 5 Start feeding artemia after 10 days, start feeding copepods after 7-9 days, and start feeding mysis after 25-35 days; with the increase of cultured individuals, start to separate seedlings, aerate, and change filtered seawater every day.
C.养成：曼氏无针乌贼养成：曼氏无针乌贼胴长1.5～2.5厘米左右即可摄食虾苗或幼虾，而后转为摄食低值鱼虾鲜活或冰冻品，每天投喂两次，投喂时间早晚各一次，养殖水温控制在20～25℃，每天冲气、换过滤海水。C. Cultivation: Squid Cultivation: Squid with a carcass length of about 1.5-2.5 cm can eat shrimp fry or juvenile shrimp, and then switch to fresh or frozen products of low-value fish and shrimp. Feed every day Feed twice, once in the morning and once in the evening. The temperature of the breeding water is controlled at 20-25°C, and the water is aerated and filtered every day.
作为优选，所述的取卵、培养和养成步骤中的孵化水温、培育水温和养殖水温采用锅炉或电热器加热以及温室培育维持。As a preference, the hatching water temperature, cultivation water temperature and culture water temperature in the steps of egg retrieval, cultivation and growing up are heated by a boiler or an electric heater and maintained in a greenhouse.
作为优选，培养步骤中起初养殖密度控制在1000～2000头幼体/立方米的范围内。Preferably, in the cultivation step, the initial breeding density is controlled within the range of 1000-2000 larvae/m3.
另外，本发明的上述方法用在春秋两季可年收获两次，极大提高经济效益，其具体方法如下：In addition, the above-mentioned method of the present invention can be harvested twice a year in spring and autumn, which greatly improves economic benefits. The specific method is as follows:
一年两茬曼氏无针乌贼工厂化养殖方法，包括以下步骤：A method for industrialized culture of two crops of Mansoni squid in a year, comprising the following steps:
A.春季取卵：4～5月选取健康的曼氏无针乌贼作为亲体；通过人工培育，生殖调控，使其正常产卵；用乌贼卵附着器进行采卵，待受精卵附于乌贼卵附着器后，将其移入孵化池中进行孵化；孵化水温15～25℃，优选18～22℃，正常冲气，每日或每两日换过滤海水一次；经25～35天，曼氏无针乌贼幼体孵出。A. Spring egg collection: From April to May, healthy needleless squid is selected as the parent body; through artificial cultivation and reproductive regulation, it can lay eggs normally; use the squid egg attachment device to collect eggs, and the fertilized eggs are attached to the squid eggs After attaching the device, move it into the hatching tank for hatching; the hatching water temperature is 15-25°C, preferably 18-22°C, aerate normally, and change the filtered seawater once every day or every two days; after 25-35 days, Man's has no Needle squid larvae hatch.
B.春季培养：曼氏无针乌贼幼体的培育水温一般在20～25℃之间；曼氏无针乌贼孵出1天后开始进行投饲，开口饵料为轮虫，每日两次；3～5天后开始投喂卤虫，7～9天后开始投喂桡足类，25～35天后开始投喂糠虾；随养殖个体的增大，开始进行分苗，冲气、每天换过滤海水。B. Spring cultivation: The water temperature for cultivating squid larvae is generally between 20 and 25°C; the squid will be fed 1 day after hatching, and the bait for opening is rotifers, twice a day; 3～ Start to feed Artemia after 5 days, start to feed copepods after 7 to 9 days, and start to feed Mysis shrimp after 25 to 35 days; as the number of cultured individuals increases, start to separate seedlings, aerate, and change filtered seawater every day.
C.春季养成：曼氏无针乌贼养成：曼氏无针乌贼胴长1.5～2.5厘米左右即可摄食虾苗或幼虾，而后转为摄食低值鱼虾鲜活或冰冻品，每天投喂两次，投喂时间早晚各一次，养殖水温控制在20～25℃，每天冲气、换过滤海水。C. Cultivation in spring: Squid cultivation in spring: Squid with a carcass length of about 1.5 to 2.5 cm can eat shrimp fry or juvenile shrimp, and then switch to fresh or frozen products of low-value fish and shrimp, every day Feed twice, once in the morning and once in the evening. The temperature of the breeding water is controlled at 20-25°C, and the water is aerated and filtered every day.
D.秋季取卵：10～11月选取健康的曼氏无针乌贼作为亲体；通过人工培育，生殖调控，使其正常产卵；用乌贼卵附着器进行采卵，待受精卵附于乌贼卵附着器后，将其移入孵化池中进行孵化；孵化水温15～25℃，优选18～22℃，正常冲气，每日或每两日换过滤海水一次；经25～35天，曼氏无针乌贼幼体孵出。D. Egg collection in autumn: Select healthy squid mansoni as the parent body from October to November; through artificial cultivation and reproductive regulation, make it lay eggs normally; use the squid egg attachment device to collect eggs, and the fertilized eggs will be attached to the squid eggs After attaching the device, move it into the hatching tank for hatching; the hatching water temperature is 15-25°C, preferably 18-22°C, aerate normally, and change the filtered seawater once every day or every two days; after 25-35 days, Man's has no Needle squid larvae hatch.
E.秋季培养：曼氏无针乌贼幼体的培育水温一般在20～25℃之间；曼氏无针乌贼孵出1天后开始进行投饲，开口饵料为轮虫，每日两次；3～5天后开始投喂卤虫，7～9天后开始投喂桡足类，25～35天后开始投喂糠虾；随养殖个体的增大，开始进行分苗，冲气、每天换过滤海水。E. Autumn cultivation: The water temperature for cultivating squid larvae is generally between 20 and 25°C; the squid will be fed 1 day after hatching, and the bait for opening is rotifers, twice a day; 3～ Start to feed Artemia after 5 days, start to feed copepods after 7 to 9 days, and start to feed Mysis shrimp after 25 to 35 days; as the number of cultured individuals increases, start to separate seedlings, aerate, and change filtered seawater every day.
F.秋季养成：曼氏无针乌贼养成：曼氏无针乌贼胴长1.5～2.5厘米左右即可摄食虾苗或幼虾，而后转为摄食低值鱼虾鲜活或冰冻品，每天投喂两次，投喂时间早晚各一次，养殖水温控制在20～25℃，秋苗养殖需用锅炉或电热器加热以及温室培育维持水温，每天冲气、换过滤海水。F. Cultivation in Autumn: Cultivation of Squid: Squid with a carcass length of about 1.5 to 2.5 cm can feed on shrimp seedlings or juvenile shrimp, and then switch to live or frozen products of low-value fish and shrimp, every day Feed twice, once in the morning and once in the evening. The water temperature of the culture is controlled at 20-25°C. The autumn seedling culture needs to be heated by a boiler or an electric heater and maintained in a greenhouse to maintain the water temperature. Aerate and filter seawater every day.
作为优选，上述的秋季取卵、秋季培养和秋季养成步骤中的孵化水温、培育水温和养殖水温采用锅炉或电热器加热以及温室培育维持。As a preference, the hatching water temperature, cultivation water temperature and culture water temperature in the steps of egg retrieval in autumn, cultivation in autumn and growth in autumn are heated by boilers or electric heaters and maintained in a greenhouse.
作为优选，春季或者秋季培养步骤中起初养殖密度控制在1000～2000头幼体/立方米的范围内。Preferably, the initial stocking density is controlled within the range of 1000-2000 larvae/m3 in the spring or autumn culture step.
本发明的技术具有如下特点：(1)养殖周期短、生长迅速，大大提高养殖成本回收速率，减小投入风险；(2)技术方法简单易行，生产可操作性强，无需复杂的设施、仪器设备和操作规程；(3)可以适应工厂化高效的养殖模式，实现规模化生产，养殖潜力巨大。The technology of the present invention has the following characteristics: (1) the breeding cycle is short, the growth is rapid, the recovery rate of breeding costs is greatly improved, and the investment risk is reduced; Instruments and operating procedures; (3) It can adapt to the industrialized and efficient breeding mode, realize large-scale production, and have huge breeding potential.
本发明是在多年曼氏无针乌贼养殖开发的基础上，开发出的一种适于工厂化养殖的曼氏无针乌贼一年两茬养殖模式，使养殖周期缩短到5个月，养成商品规格达200-350克，养殖成活率达到20％以上，为海水养殖业提供一种新的养殖契机，同时也为其它海洋经济头足类的开发奠定了基础。The present invention is based on many years of cultivation and development of Squid Mansoni, and develops a two-crop culture mode of Squid Mansoni which is suitable for industrial farming, which shortens the breeding cycle to 5 months and makes it easier to grow. The commodity specification reaches 200-350 grams, and the breeding survival rate reaches more than 20%, which provides a new breeding opportunity for the mariculture industry, and also lays the foundation for the development of other marine economic cephalopods.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面通过具体实施例，并结合附图，对本发明的技术方案作进一步具体的说明。The technical solutions of the present invention will be further specifically described below through specific embodiments and in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
实施例：Example:
一年两茬曼氏无针乌贼工厂化养殖方法，包括以下步骤：A method for industrialized culture of two crops of Mansoni squid in a year, comprising the following steps:
1.曼氏无针乌贼春秋两季苗种繁育：每年的4～5月和10～11月是工厂化养殖条件下曼氏无针乌贼的性成熟季节，在这个时间，选取个体较大健康的曼氏无针乌贼作为亲体，通过人工培育，生殖调控，使其正常产卵；采用乌贼卵附着器等进行采卵，待大量的受精卵乌贼卵附着器上后，将其移入孵化池中进行孵化，孵化水温20℃左右，正常冲气、每日或每两日换过滤海水一次，作好孵化的日常管理工作。1. Squid breeding in spring and autumn: April-May and October-November are the sexually mature seasons of squid mansoni under industrial farming conditions. During this time, select larger and healthy individuals. Mansoni squid is used as a parent, through artificial cultivation and reproductive regulation, to make it lay eggs normally; use squid egg attachments to collect eggs, and after a large number of fertilized eggs are on the squid egg attachments, move them into the hatching pool For hatching, the hatching water temperature is about 20°C, the normal aeration, the filtered seawater is changed every day or every two days, and the daily management of the hatching is done well.
2.曼氏无针乌贼工厂化养殖的准备工作：根据养殖规模，准备工厂化养殖池若干，备好充气、换水、加热、进排水设施设备；准备饵料培育池、准备藻种、轮虫、卤虫休眠卵，培育曼氏无针乌贼的开口饵料轮虫；同时根据需要准备围塘，作好桡足类和糠虾培育的准备工作。2. Preparations for industrialized squid farming: According to the scale of farming, prepare a number of industrial farming pools, prepare aeration, water change, heating, and drainage facilities and equipment; prepare bait cultivation pools, prepare algae, rotifers , Artemia dormant eggs, and cultivate rotifers as the opening bait of squid mansoni; at the same time, prepare ponds as needed to prepare for the cultivation of copepods and mysis.
3.曼氏无针乌贼春秋苗种的中间培育：在20℃左右的孵化条件下，经30天左右，曼氏无针乌贼幼体孵出，进入苗种培育阶段。一般培育水温要求在24℃左右，秋苗培育需采用锅炉或电热器加热以及温室培育维持水温；曼氏无针乌贼孵出1天后开始进行投饲，开口饵料为轮虫，每日两次，投喂4天后开始投喂卤虫，7天后开始投喂桡足类，1个月后开始投喂糠虾；起初养殖密度控制在1500头幼体/立方米左右，随养殖个体的增大，开始进行分苗，作好苗种中间培育的日常管理工作，正常冲气、每天换过滤海水一次，作好培育过程中的日常消毒和疾病防治等日常工作。3. Intermediate cultivation of spring and autumn seedlings of Squid mansoni: Under the incubation condition of about 20°C, after about 30 days, the larvae of Squid mansoni hatched and entered the seedling cultivation stage. Generally, the water temperature for cultivation is required to be around 24°C. The cultivation of autumn seedlings needs to be heated by boilers or electric heaters, and the water temperature is maintained in greenhouse cultivation; the squid will be fed after 1 day after hatching, and the rotifers are the opening bait twice a day. Start feeding Artemia 4 days after feeding, start feeding copepods after 7 days, and start feeding Mysis shrimp after 1 month; at first, the breeding density is controlled at about 1500 larvae/cubic meter, and with the increase of breeding individuals, start feeding Carry out seedling separation, do a good job in the daily management of the intermediate cultivation of seedlings, aerate normally, change the filtered seawater once a day, and do daily work such as daily disinfection and disease prevention during the cultivation process.
4.曼氏无针乌贼养成：曼氏无针乌贼胴长2厘米左右即可摄食虾苗或幼虾，而后转为摄食低值鱼虾鲜活或冰冻品，每天投喂两次，投喂时间早晚各一次。养殖水温控制在20～25℃，秋苗养殖需用锅炉或电热器加热以及温室培育维持水温。作好苗种中间培育的日常管理工作，正常冲气、每天换过滤海水一次，作好培育过程中的日常消毒和疾病防治等日常工作。4. Cultivation of Mansoni's needleless squid: Mansoni's needleless squid can eat shrimp seedlings or juvenile shrimps with a carcass length of about 2 cm, and then switch to fresh or frozen products of low-value fish and shrimp, and feed them twice a day. Feed in the morning and evening. The temperature of the breeding water is controlled at 20-25°C, and the autumn seedling cultivation needs to be heated by a boiler or an electric heater and maintained in a greenhouse to maintain the water temperature. Do a good job in the daily management of the intermediate cultivation of seedlings, aerate normally, change the filtered seawater once a day, and do daily work such as daily disinfection and disease prevention during the cultivation process.
本实施例的曼氏无针乌贼采卵器制作、孵化设施和技术使得曼氏无针乌贼一年繁育和出苗两次，苗种孵化率和成活率达到70％以上，5个月养成一次，养成商品规格达200～350克，养殖成活率达到20％以上。The manufacture of the ovipositor, hatching facilities and technology of the squid mansoni in this embodiment enables the squid mansoni to breed and emerge twice a year, the hatching rate and survival rate of the seedlings reach more than 70%, and it is cultivated once every 5 months , the commercial specification for cultivation reaches 200-350 grams, and the breeding survival rate reaches more than 20%.
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