CN104542407B - Two-stage cultivation method for loach offspring seeds - Google Patents
Two-stage cultivation method for loach offspring seeds Download PDFInfo
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- CN104542407B CN104542407B CN201510046221.7A CN201510046221A CN104542407B CN 104542407 B CN104542407 B CN 104542407B CN 201510046221 A CN201510046221 A CN 201510046221A CN 104542407 B CN104542407 B CN 104542407B
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Classifications
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Abstract
The invention discloses a two-stage cultivation method for loach offspring seeds. The two-stage cultivation method includes a primary cultivation stage and a secondary cultivation stage. The primary cultivation stage includes putting newly hatched loach offsprings in a net cage for cultivation and providing palatable feed; the secondary cultivation stage includes putting the loach offsprings subjected to primary cultivation in a pond in the peak season of rotifer, providing the palatable feed, reducing feeding quantity of the feed during the conversion period from branchial respiration to intestinal respiration of the loach offsprings, preventing parasites timely in the later period of cultivation, maintaining sufficient oxygen content of water, and completing the cultivation process of the loach offspring seeds until the length of the loach offsprings reaches 4-5cm. Compared with the prior art, the two-stage cultivation method has the advantages that survival rate of the loach offsprings is increased to more than 40% from present less than 10% in average, and the method is applicable to cultivation of the loach offspring seeds and has a broad application prospect.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to aquaculture field, the side that a kind of loach fry two grades is cultivated
Method.
Background technology
Misgurni anguillicaudati (Misgurnus arguillicaudatus) be under the jurisdiction of Cypriniformes, Cobitidae, Misgurni anguillicaudati belong to small-sized
Economic freshwater Fish, are one of the best raw materials of processing animals egg albumen powder, are also Export of Chinese Aquatic Products
One of principal item.Misgurni anguillicaudati fine and tender taste, delicious flavour, its meat contains protein 18.45%～20.7%, fat
2.7%～2.8%, ash 1.6%～2.2%, every 100 grams of meat 70IU Han vitamin A, adenine phosphate 40 μ g,
Calcium 51mg, phosphorus 154mg, ferrum 3mg, and there is higher unsaturated fatty acid.Misgurni anguillicaudati has certain medicinal
Effect, has middle regulating and qi tonifying, effects such as relieving alcoholic intoxication of quenching one's thirst.Misgurni anguillicaudati be distributed widely in rivers and creeks, irrigation canals and ditches, paddy field,
In the waters such as pond, lake and reservoir, due to going from bad to worse of overfishing and habitat, wild resource
Having suffered to destroy, natural production is greatly reduced.The existing wild Misgurni anguillicaudati annual production of China at 40～500,000 tons, and
Domestic market Misgurni anguillicaudati annual requirement is at more than 300 ten thousand tons, and current artificial cultivation amount only has more than 20 ten thousand tons, Korea S and
The annual requirements such as Japan are more than 200,000 tons, and disparities between supply and demand highlight.
The wild seedling of the seed that the current loach breeding of problem that Misgurni anguillicaudati industry development exists is put in a suitable place to breed mainly capture
Kind, breeding lacks and degenerates, the national disordered flow of seed passes to and the seed of separate sources is at growth performance
On unstability limited the sustainable development of current Misgurni anguillicaudati industry.The biggest specification loach fry is trained
Educating the stage, because of factor restrictions such as open-mouthed bait, feeding habits transformation, water environment changes, average survival is 10%
Hereinafter, cause the cultivation of commodity loach to still rely on and fish for wild Misgurni anguillicaudati.
The main cause key factor that loach fry survival rate is low be following some: 1) the just flat trip of the loach Seedling on the lower pool
Ability extreme difference, is difficult to find agreeable to the taste feedstuff, causes a lot of loach Seedling to be sunken at the bottom of pond suffocate；2) loach Seedling is from gill respiration
To intestinal respiration convert period, if Misgurni anguillicaudati eat the fullest, it is easy to cause death；3) the seed rearing later stage,
Parasite grows, and is easily caused mortality.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, it is provided that a kind of two grades of cultivation sides of loach fry
Method, the loach fry solving prior art cultivates the technical problem that average survival is low.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
The invention provides the method that a kind of loach fry two grades is cultivated, it is characterised in that include that one-level is cultivated
Stage and two grades of breeding phases, wherein:
Described one-level breeding phase step includes: the loach Seedling just hatched is placed in net cage and cultivates, and provide agreeable to the taste
Feedstuff, after loach Seedling hatches 7～10 days, it is thus achieved that one-level cultivates loach Seedling；
Described two grades of breeding phase steps include: one-level cultivated in the pond that loach Seedling is placed in wheel animalcule peak period,
Agreeable to the taste feedstuff is provided, and reduces feedstuff scale of feeding in loach Seedling gill respiration to intestinal respiration conversion period, cultivate the later stage
Carry out parasite prevention in time, and keep the abundant oxygen content of water body, to loach Seedling length length to 4～5cm, complete
Loach fry cultivating process.
Preferably, described one-level breeding phase comprises the following steps:
I, the loach Seedling just hatched is transferred to net cage from hatchery, described hatchery and the water temperature of raising in cage
Difference be maintained at less than 3 DEG C, breeding density be 1500～2500 tails/square metre；The bottom Polypropylence Sheet of net cage spreads
Pad, its water surface has water peanut to cover；
II, by the egg yolk boiled or the fish flour sock filtration of 100 mesh, then pour in net cage and throw something and feed；
After III, loach Seedling hatch 7～10 days, it is thus achieved that one-level cultivates loach Seedling；
In described step II, the water surface of net cage arranges sunshade net, it is to avoid direct sunlight.
Preferably, described two grades of breeding phases comprise the following steps:
I, the aquatic zooplankton cultivated in pond, reach 50～100/mL to wheel animalcule density, by one-level
Cultivate loach Seedling to be transferred to pond from net cage, carry out two grades of cultivations；When wheel animalcule density is down to 50/below mL
Time, the egg yolk after the filtration of supplementary feeding step III and fish flour；
Ii, putting after Seedling second day, the bulk that fish flour and shrimp meal are mixed and made into Misgurni anguillicaudati agreeable to the taste is thrown something and fed；
Iii, put Seedling 8 days after, carry out parasite prevention, meanwhile, reduce the feedstuff feeding amount of every day；Continuously
After throwing something and feeding 3～4 days, shrimp meal feedstuff is made the bulk of 0.3mm particle diameter, continue to throw something and feed to putting after Seedling the 15th
My god；Put Seedling loach Seedling after 8 days to start to be transferred to concurrent management intestinal respiration by gill respiration, but do not perfect, now loach Seedling
Mortality rate is high, reduces feeding volume and can reduce mortality rate；
Iv, when be found to have loach Seedling complete breathe conversion time, add in feedstuff and mix EM bacterium solution, meanwhile, light of splashing
Close bacterium and carry out water transfer, to increase the dissolved oxygen amount of water body；
When v, loach Seedling when 90% complete to breathe conversion, the bulk that shrimp meal feedstuff is made 0.5mm particle diameter is carried out
Feed；After feeding 3～4 days, the bulk that shrimp meal feedstuff is made 0.8mm particle diameter continues to feed, long to loach Seedling
Metric lattice, to 4～5cm, complete loach fry cultivating process, note parasite prevention in cultivating process.
In described step i, the method cultivating the aquatic zooplankton in pond is cultivated with bean milk for fertilising cultivation
The method combined, concrete steps include:
Step one: putting Seedling the last fortnight, calculogenesis is being ashed water and splashes into pond, clean up the pond, cleans up the pond three days
After, organic fertilizer, when pH value is down to 9, injects the pool water filtered through 60 eye mesh screens, stands to Calx
The efficacy of a drug disappears；
Step 2: bean milk of splashing, in the water of the pool, is emerald green to water body, and transparency is 25～35cm, sooner or later
PH difference is between 0.8～1.2, and predominantly wheel animalcule works as wheel animalcule now to have aquatic zooplankton to occur in water body
Density when reaching 50～100/mL, i.e. can be used for two grades of cultivations；
Step 3: put first 3 days after Seedling, bean milk of splashing maintains the water body color of pool water, transparency and morning and evening
PH is poor；After 3 days, carbamide of splashing maintains the water body color of pool water, transparency and morning and evening pH poor, to ensure water
Body environment is without large change, it is to avoid loach Seedling is because adapting to the water bath that changes greatly and mortality.
In described step iii and step v, with avilamycin, loach Seedling is carried out parasite prevention.
The present invention has the advantage that compared to existing technology and the invention provides a kind of loach fry two grades cultivation
Method, the method, by hatching early stage drawings cage rearing, and providing the methods such as agreeable to the taste feedstuff, improves
The loach Seedling survival rate of hatching early stage；Breathing the conversion stage, by water body environment control, and reducing and raise
Feed number of times, decrease mortality rate, finally make the survival rate of loach Seedling bring up to 40% from average the 10% of prior art
Above, be suitable to loach fry and cultivate, have broad application prospects.
Detailed description of the invention
Elaborating embodiments of the invention below, the present embodiment is premised on technical solution of the present invention
Under implement, give detailed embodiment and concrete operating process, but protection scope of the present invention
It is not limited to following embodiment.
Embodiment 1
The method that the loach fry of the present embodiment two grades is cultivated, comprises the following steps:
(1) one-level is cultivated:
I, being transferred to net cage from hatchery by the loach Seedling just hatched, the area of described net cage is 10m2～20m2,
The degree of depth is 35～45cm, to provide small size pond environment to grow for loach Seedling；Keep hatchery and the water temperature difference of net cage
Below 3 DEG C, breeding density be 1500～2500 tails/square metre；The bottom of net cage Polypropylence Sheet place mat, its
The water surface has 35% water peanut to cover, it is to avoid loach Seedling is sunken at the bottom of pond suffocate；The two ends of net cage set up water inlet and water outlet separately
Mouthful；The water surface of net cage arranges sunshade net, it is to avoid direct sunlight；
After II, loach Seedling hatch 3 days, body is about 3～4mm, and pectoral fin launches, and starts to transfer flat trip to from sidestream,
Now the yolk of loach Seedling has absorbed complete, needs to ingest from the external world, and loach Seedling flat trip ability now,
Bore only 50 μm, is difficult to find agreeable to the taste bait under natural environment, causes loach shoot survival percent to reduce；Therefore,
Thering is provided agreeable to the taste bait is the key improving the survival of loach Seedling；Method particularly includes: the egg yolk boiled or fish flour are contained in
In 100 mesh thin,tough silk bags, pinch in basin and wash out suspension, suspension is poured in net cage and throws something and feeds, even feed 2～
3 days, can make up loach Seedling because of flat trip ability and bore little and be difficult to the problem looked for food；
III, through the cultivations of 7～10 days, loach Seedling spends opening critical days, and body length reaches 1.0cm, it is thus achieved that
One-level cultivates loach Seedling, can be used for two grades of cultivations.
(2) two grades of cultivations:
The cultivation of aquatic zooplankton in i, pool water:
Step one: selecting area is 1.8 mu, and the full water degree of depth is the pond of 60cm, puts Seedling the last fortnight with 500
Jin calculogenesis ashing water is splashed, and cleans up the pond, and the depth of water splashed is 25～30cm；Clean up the pond the 3rd day, work as pH value
When being 10, organic fertilizer chicken manure 150 jin, uniformly splash Yu Tangzhong, places 1～2 day, treats that pH value is down to
When 9, inject the pool water filtered through 60 eye mesh screens, be filled to 45～50cm deep；After 7～10 days, put Seedling examination
Water, after 1 day, loach Seedling is without difference, it was demonstrated that the Calx efficacy of a drug disappears；
Step 2: in bean milk of splashing extremely above-mentioned pool water, splash continuously 2 days, splash 3 jin every time；Through 4～
After 5 days, water body is emerald green, and transparency is 25～35cm, and pH difference is between 0.8～1.2 sooner or later, beats
Sample water body is observed, it is possible to find having aquatic zooplankton to occur, perusal is slight white point, sees under microscope
Examine as wheel animalcule, when the density of wheel animalcule reaches 50～100/mL in the water of the pool, i.e. can be used for two grades of cultivations；
Step 3: the one-level of step III is cultivated loach Seedling and is transferred in pond, the wheel in the water of the periodic monitor pool
Worm density, if wheel animalcule density is down to 50/below mL, supplement throw something and feed step III filtration after egg yolk and
Fish flour, throws something and feeds 4 times for one day；Along with the prolongation of feeding time, water colour can be the most thin out, and transparency increases,
Now, bean milk of splashing in time is to maintain water colour, and the method that bean milk is splashed is: splashes noon once, sprinkles every time
Spill 3 jin；
Step 4: after putting Seedling 3 days, carbamide of splashing, consumption is 2 jins/time, splashes noon, splashes 2 continuously
My god；Putting and there will be cladocera zooplankton in Seedling water body after 3 days, the consumption of Water element is accelerated, water
Complexion changedization quickly, is difficult to be maintained by bean milk, and carbamide of splashing can supplement the nitrogen in water body, keep water body in
Emerald green, transparency is 25～35cm, and pH difference is between 0.8～1.2 sooner or later；
Ii, put after Seedling second day, fish flour is mixed according to mass ratio 1:1 with shrimp meal, makes Misgurni anguillicaudati agreeable to the taste
Bulk is thrown something and fed, and each feeding volume is eaten up with loach Seedling 30～50min and is as the criterion, and throws something and feeds every day 4 times；Put Seedling 6
In water body after it, cladocera growth peaks the phase, and almost without algae in water body, water body is muddy, this
Time a length of 1 centimeter of Misgurni anguillicaudati body, indivedual small-sized cladocera of can actively ingesting, but small-sized cladocera limited amount,
Fish flour and shrimp meal it is mixed and made into the agreeable to the taste feedstuff of bulk, can make up and cause because of small-sized cladocera limited amount
The defect that agreeable to the taste feedstuff is not enough；
Iii, put Seedling 8 days after, carry out parasite prevention with avilamycin, described avilamycin from market buy,
Use according to product description；Meanwhile, 4 fish flour of throwing something and feeding every day reduce to every day with shrimp meal mixed fodder
Throwing something and feeding 3 times, each feeding volume is constant, throws something and feeds continuously 3～4 days；Then, by fish flour and shrimp meal mixed fodder
Replace with shrimp meal feedstuff, and in shrimp meal feedstuff, add the broken material of the 0.3mm particle diameter of 70% weight ratio, make
The agreeable to the taste feedstuff of bulk, throws something and feeds to putting after Seedling the 15th day according to the mode of 3 times of throwing something and feeding every day；After putting Seedling 8 days
Loach Seedling starts to be transferred to concurrent management intestinal respiration by gill respiration, but does not perfects, and now the mortality rate of loach Seedling is high, reduces
Number of times of throwing something and feeding can reduce mortality rate；
Iv, when being found to have loach Seedling and completing to breathe conversion, according to the product of commercially available hundred rich ecological bacterium EM bacterium solution
Description, adds in shrimp meal feedstuff and mixes EM bacterium solution, throws something and feeds every day 5 times；Meanwhile, splash photosynthetic noon every day
Bacterium carries out water transfer, and the amount of splashing is 5 jins/time, splashes continuously 3 days, to increase the dissolved oxygen amount of water body；
When v, loach Seedling when 90% complete to breathe conversion, the broken material of 0.3mm particle diameter in feedstuff is replaced with
The broken material of 0.5mm particle diameter, makes the agreeable to the taste feedstuff of bulk of 0.5mm particle diameter；After feeding 3～4 days, by 0.5mm
The broken material of particle diameter replaces with the broken material of 0.8mm particle diameter, continues to feed, and uses Avermectin during feeding
Element prevention parasite；After loach Seedling is cultivated 30 days, length length to 4～5cm, can be used as seed and sell or turn
The pool cultivates, and completes loach fry cultivating process；Whole cultivating process, the survival rate of loach fry is 43.6%.
The method that Misgurni anguillicaudati of the present invention two grades is cultivated, is by hatching early stage drawings cage rearing, and
The methods such as agreeable to the taste feedstuff are provided, improve the loach Seedling survival rate of hatching early stage；Breathing the conversion stage, by right
Water body environment controls, and reduces feeding frequency, decreases mortality rate；Cultivate the later stage, notice that parasite prevents；
Whole process substantially increases the survival rate of loach Seedling, makes the survival rate of loach Seedling bring up to from prior art average 10%
More than 40%, be suitable to loach fry and cultivate, have broad application prospects.
Claims (4)
1. the methods that a loach fry two grades is cultivated, it is characterised in that include one-level breeding phase and two grades
Breeding phase, wherein:
Described one-level breeding phase step includes: the loach Seedling just hatched is placed in net cage and cultivates, and provide agreeable to the taste
Feedstuff, after loach Seedling hatches 7～10 days, it is thus achieved that one-level cultivates loach Seedling, particularly as follows:
I, the loach Seedling just hatched is transferred to net cage from hatchery, described hatchery and the water in raising in cage pond
The temperature difference is maintained at less than 3 DEG C, breeding density be 1500～2500 tails/square metre；The bottom Polypropylence Sheet of net cage
Place mat, its water surface has the water peanut of 35% to cover；
II, by the egg yolk boiled or the fish flour sock filtration of 100 mesh, then pour in net cage and throw something and feed；
After III, loach Seedling hatch 7～10 days, it is thus achieved that one-level cultivates loach Seedling；
Described two grades of breeding phase steps include: one-level cultivated in the pond that loach Seedling is placed in wheel animalcule peak period,
Agreeable to the taste feedstuff is provided, and reduces feedstuff scale of feeding in loach Seedling gill respiration to intestinal respiration conversion period, cultivate the later stage
Carry out parasite prevention in time, and keep the abundant oxygen content of water body, to loach Seedling length length to 4～5cm, complete
Loach fry cultivating process；Particularly as follows:
I, the aquatic zooplankton cultivated in pond, reach 50～100/mL to wheel animalcule density, will pass through
One-level is cultivated loach Seedling and is transferred to pond from net cage, carries out two grades of cultivations；When wheel animalcule density is down to 50/mL
Time following, the egg yolk after the filtration of supplementary feeding step II and fish flour；
Ii, putting after Seedling second day, the bulk that fish flour and shrimp meal are mixed and made into Misgurni anguillicaudati agreeable to the taste is thrown something and fed；
Iii, put Seedling 8 days after, carry out parasite prevention, meanwhile, reduce the feedstuff feeding amount of every day；Continuously
After throwing something and feeding 3～4 days, shrimp meal feedstuff is made the bulk of 0.3mm particle diameter, continue to throw something and feed to putting after Seedling the 15th
My god；
Iv, when be found to have loach Seedling complete breathe conversion time, add in feedstuff and mix EM bacterium solution, meanwhile, light of splashing
Close bacterium and carry out water transfer；
When v, loach Seedling when 90% complete to breathe conversion, the bulk that shrimp meal feedstuff is made 0.5mm particle diameter is carried out
Feed；After feeding 3～4 days, the bulk that shrimp meal feedstuff is made 0.8mm particle diameter continues to feed, long to loach Seedling
Metric lattice, to 4～5cm, complete loach fry cultivating process, note parasite prevention in cultivating process.
The method that a kind of loach fry the most according to claim 1 two grades is cultivated, it is characterised in that institute
State in step I, the water surface arranges sunshade net.
The method that a kind of loach fry the most according to claim 1 two grades is cultivated, it is characterised in that institute
Stating in step i, the method cultivating the aquatic zooplankton in pond combines with bean milk cultivation for fertilising cultivation
Method, concrete steps include:
Step one: putting Seedling the last fortnight, calculogenesis is being ashed water and splashes into pond, clean up the pond, cleans up the pond three days
After, organic fertilizer, when pH value is down to 9, injects the pool water filtered through 60 eye mesh screens, stands to Calx
The efficacy of a drug disappears；
Step 2: bean milk of splashing, in the water of the pool, is emerald green to water body, and transparency is 25～35cm, sooner or later
PH difference is between 0.8～1.2, and predominantly wheel animalcule works as wheel animalcule now to have aquatic zooplankton to occur in water body
Density when reaching 50～100/mL, i.e. can be used for two grades of cultivations；
Step 3: put first 3 days after Seedling, bean milk of splashing maintains the water body color of pool water, transparency and morning and evening
PH is poor；After 3 days, carbamide of splashing maintains the water body color of pool water, transparency and morning and evening pH poor.
The method that a kind of loach fry the most according to claim 1 two grades is cultivated, it is characterised in that institute
State in step iii and step v, with avilamycin, loach Seedling is carried out parasite prevention.
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| CN105265361B (en) * | 2015-11-06 | 2018-03-09 | 广西壮族自治区水产科学研究院 | Loach fry breeding method |
| CN105594632A (en) * | 2015-12-15 | 2016-05-25 | 贺代生 | Loach breeding method |
| CN105409853A (en) * | 2015-12-15 | 2016-03-23 | 贺代生 | Loach fry cultivation method |
| CN105454111B (en) * | 2015-12-17 | 2017-11-10 | 安徽省农业科学院水产研究所 | A kind of swamp eel is from numerous self-fertile autotrophy method |
| CN106376499B (en) * | 2016-09-19 | 2019-03-12 | 三峡大学 | A kind of ecological breeding method of loach |
| CN108713514A (en) * | 2018-06-14 | 2018-10-30 | 庄传华 | A kind of cultural method for preventing loach cun piece death |
| CN112335580A (en) * | 2020-09-27 | 2021-02-09 | 天津蕴华农业科技发展有限公司 | Ecological breeding method for loaches with high survival rate |
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| JPH08131014A (en) * | 1994-11-11 | 1996-05-28 | Masao Narita | Preparation of fertilized egg of loach |
| CN1177526C (en) * | 2002-09-23 | 2004-12-01 | 盘山县陈家乡水产技术推广站 | Technique for breeding loach fry |
| JP2006340656A (en) * | 2005-06-09 | 2006-12-21 | Hakusen Kogyo Kk | Culture method for loach |
| CN101331858A (en) * | 2008-07-25 | 2008-12-31 | 董克祥 | Loach seedling raising and breeding technique |
| CN102144595A (en) * | 2011-04-22 | 2011-08-10 | 四川英杰科技发展有限公司 | Breeding method of loach |
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| CN103109769A (en) * | 2013-03-11 | 2013-05-22 | 江苏省农业科学院宿迁农科所 | Loach fish fry artificial propagation method |
| CN103828750B (en) * | 2014-03-20 | 2015-09-23 | 淮阴师范学院 | The breeding method of loach prelarva |
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| CN104082199A (en) * | 2014-06-17 | 2014-10-08 | 怀远县孔津湖农业开发有限公司 | Early-stage cultivation method for hatched young misgurnus anguillicaudatus |
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