CN104542407A - Two-stage cultivation method for loach offspring seeds - Google Patents
Two-stage cultivation method for loach offspring seeds Download PDFInfo
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- CN104542407A CN104542407A CN201510046221.7A CN201510046221A CN104542407A CN 104542407 A CN104542407 A CN 104542407A CN 201510046221 A CN201510046221 A CN 201510046221A CN 104542407 A CN104542407 A CN 104542407A
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a two-stage cultivation method for loach offspring seeds. The two-stage cultivation method includes a primary cultivation stage and a secondary cultivation stage. The primary cultivation stage includes putting newly hatched loach offsprings in a net cage for cultivation and providing palatable feed; the secondary cultivation stage includes putting the loach offsprings subjected to primary cultivation in a pond in the peak season of rotifer, providing the palatable feed, reducing feeding quantity of the feed during the conversion period from branchial respiration to intestinal respiration of the loach offsprings, preventing parasites timely in the later period of cultivation, maintaining sufficient oxygen content of water, and completing the cultivation process of the loach offspring seeds until the length of the loach offsprings reaches 4-5cm. Compared with the prior art, the two-stage cultivation method has the advantages that survival rate of the loach offsprings is increased to more than 40% from present less than 10% in average, and the method is applicable to cultivation of the loach offspring seeds and has a broad application prospect.
Description
Technical field
What the present invention relates to is aquaculture field, the method for in particular a kind of loach fry secondary cultivation.
Background technology
Loach (Misgurnus arguillicaudatus) is under the jurisdiction of the small-sized economic freshwater fish of Cypriniformes, Cobitidae, loach genus, and being one of best raw material of processing animals albumen powder, is also one of principal item of Export of Chinese Aquatic Products.Loach fine and tender taste, delicious flavour, its meat contains protein 18.45% ~ 20.7%, fat 2.7% ~ 2.8%, ash content 1.6% ~ 2.2%, every 100 grams of meat are containing vitamin A 70IU, adenine phosphate 40 μ g, calcium 51mg, phosphorus 154mg, iron 3mg, and there is higher unsaturated fatty acid.Loach has certain medicinal efficacy, has beneficial gas in tune, effect such as to sober up of quenching one's thirst.Loach is distributed widely in the waters such as rivers and creeks, irrigation canals and ditches, paddy field, pond, lake and reservoir, and due to going from bad to worse of overfishing and habitat, wild resource has suffered destruction, and natural production greatly reduces.The existing wild loach annual production of China is at 40 ~ 500,000 tons, and domestic market loach annual requirement more than 300 ten thousand tons, the amount of propagating artificially only has more than 20 ten thousand tons at present, and the annual requirements such as Korea S and Japan are more than 200,000 tons, and disparities between supply and demand are given prominence to.
The natural seeding, wild fry that the seed that the current loach breeding of loach industry development Problems existing is put in a suitable place to breed mainly catches, breeding lack with degenerate, the national disordered flow of seed passes to and the lability of seed on growth performance of separate sources has limited the sustainable development of current loach industry.Particularly large gauge loach fry breeding phase, because of factor restrictions such as open-mouthed bait, feeding habits transformation, water environment changes, average survival, below 10%, causes the cultivation of commodity loach still to depend on and fishes for wild loach.
The main cause key factor that loach fry survival rate is low be following some: 1) just the loach seedling on the lower pool puts down trip ability extreme difference, is difficult to find agreeable to the taste feed, causes a lot of loach seedling to be sunken at the bottom of pond and suffocate; 2) loach seedling period from gill respiration to intestinal respiration that transform from, if loach eat too full, be easy to cause death; 3) in the seed rearing later stage, parasite grows, and easily causes mortality.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, provide a kind of loach fry secondary breeding method, the loach fry solving prior art cultivates the low technical problem of average survival.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
The invention provides a kind of method that loach fry secondary is cultivated, it is characterized in that, comprise one-level breeding phase and secondary breeding phase, wherein:
Described one-level breeding phase step comprises: the loach seedling of just having hatched is placed in net cage and cultivates, and provide agreeable to the taste feed, after loach seedling hatches 7 ~ 10 days, obtains one-level and cultivates loach seedling;
Described secondary breeding phase step comprises: one-level is cultivated the pond that loach seedling is placed in wheel animalcule peak period, agreeable to the taste feed is provided, and reduce feed scale of feeding in the gill respiration of loach seedling to intestinal respiration conversion period, cultivate the later stage and carry out parasite prevention in time, and keep the abundant oxygen content of water body, grow to 4 ~ 5cm to loach seedling length, complete loach fry cultivating process.
Preferably, described one-level breeding phase comprises the following steps:
I, be transferred to net cage by the loach seedling of just having hatched from hatchery, the water temperature difference of described hatchery and raising in cage remains on less than 3 DEG C, breeding density be 1500 ~ 2500 tails/square metre; The bottom Polypropylence Sheet place mat of net cage, its water surface has water peanut to cover;
II, by the yolk that boils or fish meal 100 object sock filtration, then pour in net cage and throw something and feed;
After III, loach seedling hatch 7 ~ 10 days, obtain one-level and cultivate loach seedling;
In described Step II, the water surface of net cage arranges sunshade net, avoids direct sunlight.
Preferably, described secondary breeding phase comprises the following steps:
I, the aquatic zooplankton cultivated in pond, reach 50 ~ 100/mL to wheel animalcule density, one-level cultivated loach seedling and be transferred to pond from net cage, carry out secondary cultivation; When wheel animalcule density is down to 50/below mL, the yolk after the filtration of supplementary feeding Step II I and fish meal;
Ii, to put after seedling second day, the bulk that fish meal and shrimp med are mixed and made into loach agreeable to the taste is thrown something and fed;
Iii, put seedling after 8 days, carry out parasite prevention, meanwhile, reduce the feedstuff feeding amount of every day; After throwing something and feeding continuously 3 ~ 4 days, shrimp med feed being made the bulk of 0.3mm particle diameter, continuing to throw something and feed to putting after seedling the 15th day; Put the loach seedling of seedling after 8 days to start to transfer concurrent management intestinal respiration to by gill respiration, but do not perfect, now the lethality of loach seedling is high, reduces feeding volume and can reduce lethality;
Iv, when find that there is loach seedling complete breathe conversion time, add in feed and mix EM bacterium liquid, meanwhile, photosynthetic bacteria of splashing carries out water transfer, to increase the dissolved oxygen amount of water body;
When v, loach seedling when 90% complete and breathe conversion, the bulk that 0.5mm particle diameter made by shrimp med feed is fed; After feeding 3 ~ 4 days, bulk shrimp med feed being made 0.8mm particle diameter continues to feed, and to loach seedling length specification to 4 ~ 5cm, completes loach fry cultivating process, notices that parasite prevents in cultivating process.
In described step I, the method for cultivating the aquatic zooplankton in pond is that fertilising cultivation cultivates with soya-bean milk the method combined, and concrete steps comprise:
Step one: putting seedling the last fortnight, quicklime water is being splashed into pond, cleans up the pond, after cleaning up the pond three days, organic fertilizer, when pH value is down to 9, injects the pool water filtered through 60 eye mesh screens, leaves standstill to the lime efficacy of a drug and disappear;
Step 2: soya-bean milk of splashing, in the water of the pool, is emerald green to water body, and transparency is 25 ~ 35cm, sooner or later pH difference is between 0.8 ~ 1.2, now has aquatic zooplankton to occur in water body, is mainly wheel animalcule, when the density of wheel animalcule reaches 50 ~ 100/mL, namely can be used for secondary and cultivate;
Step 3: put first 3 days after seedling, soya-bean milk of splashing maintains water body color, the transparency of pool water and pH is poor sooner or later; After 3 days, urea of splashing maintains water body color, the transparency of pool water and pH is poor sooner or later, to ensure that water body environment is without larger change, avoids loach seedling because of cannot the larger water bath of Adaptive change and mortality.
In described step I ii and step v, by Avermectin, parasite prevention is carried out to loach seedling.
The present invention has the following advantages compared to existing technology: the invention provides a kind of method that loach fry secondary is cultivated, and the method by hatching drawings in early stage cage rearing, and provides the methods such as agreeable to the taste feed, improves the loach seedling survival rate in hatching early stage; At breathing translate phase, by controlling water body environment, and reducing feeding frequency, decreasing lethality, finally making the survival rate of loach seedling bring up to more than 40% from average 10% of prior art, be suitable for loach fry and cultivate, have broad application prospects.
Embodiment
Elaborate to embodiments of the invention below, the present embodiment is implemented under premised on technical solution of the present invention, give detailed embodiment and concrete operating process, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to following embodiment.
Embodiment 1
The method of the loach fry secondary cultivation of the present embodiment, comprises the following steps:
(1) one-level is cultivated:
I, be transferred to net cage by the loach seedling of just having hatched from hatchery, the area of described net cage is 10m
2~ 20m
2, the degree of depth is 35 ~ 45cm, to provide small size pond environment for the growth of loach seedling; Keep the water temperature difference of hatchery and net cage below 3 DEG C, breeding density be 1500 ~ 2500 tails/square metre; The bottom Polypropylence Sheet place mat of net cage, its water surface has 35% water peanut to cover, and avoids loach seedling to be sunken at the bottom of pond and suffocates; The two ends of net cage set up water inlet and delivery port separately; The water surface of net cage arranges sunshade net, avoids direct sunlight;
After II, loach seedling hatch 3 days, body is about 3 ~ 4mm, pectoral fin launches, start to transfer flat trip to from side trip, now the yolk of loach seedling has absorbed complete, needs to have ingested from the external world, and loach seedling flat trip ability now, bore only 50 μm, is difficult to find agreeable to the taste bait, causes loach shoot survival percent to reduce under natural environment; Therefore, agreeable to the taste bait is provided to be the key improving the survival of loach seedling; Concrete grammar is: the yolk boiled or fish meal are contained in 100 order thin,tough silk bags, pinch and wash out suspension, poured in net cage by suspension and throw something and feed in basin, connects and feeds 2 ~ 3 days, can make up loach seedling because of flat trip ability and bore little and be difficult to the problem of looking for food;
III, through the cultivations of 7 ~ 10 days, loach seedling spent opening critical days, and body reaches 1.0cm, obtained one-level and cultivated loach seedling, can be used for secondary and cultivated.
(2) secondary is cultivated:
The cultivation of aquatic zooplankton in i, pool water:
Step one: select area to be 1.8 mu, the full water degree of depth is the pond of 60cm, and put seedling the last fortnight 500 jin of quicklime water and splash, clean up the pond, the depth of water of splashing is 25 ~ 30cm; Clean up the pond the 3rd day, when pH value is 10, organic fertilizer chicken manure 150 jin, evenly splash Yu Tangzhong, places 1 ~ 2 day, when pH value is down to 9, injects the pool water filtered through 60 eye mesh screens, be filled to 45 ~ 50cm dark; After 7 ~ 10 days, put seedling examination water, after 1 day, loach seedling is without difference, proves that the lime efficacy of a drug disappears;
Step 2: splash in soya-bean milk to above-mentioned pool water, splash continuously 2 days, splash 3 jin at every turn; After 4 ~ 5 days, water body is emerald green, transparency is 25 ~ 35cm, sooner or later pH difference is between 0.8 ~ 1.2, and water body of drawing a design is observed, and can find that there is aquatic zooplankton and occur, visually observe as slight white point, basis of microscopic observation is wheel animalcule, when the density of wheel animalcule reaches 50 ~ 100/mL in the water of the pool, namely can be used for secondary and cultivates;
Step 3: the one-level of Step II I is cultivated loach seedling and is transferred in pond, the wheel animalcule density in the water of the periodic monitor pool, if wheel animalcule density is down to 50/below mL, supplements the yolk after the filtration of the Step II I that throws something and feeds and fish meal, within one day, throws something and feeds 4 times; Along with the prolongation of feeding time, water colour can be slowly thin out, and transparency increases, and now, soya-bean milk of splashing in time is to maintain water colour, and the method that soya-bean milk is splashed is: splash noon once, splashes 3 jin at every turn;
Step 4: put seedling after 3 days, urea of splashing, consumption is 2 jin/time, and noon splashes, splashes 2 days continuously; Put in the water body of seedling after 3 days and there will be cladocera zooplankton, the consumption of Water element is accelerated, and water colour change is very fast, be difficult to be maintained by soya-bean milk, urea of splashing can supplement the nitrogen in water body, keeps water body to be emerald green, transparency is 25 ~ 35cm, and pH difference is between 0.8 ~ 1.2 sooner or later;
Ii, to put after seedling second day, mixed according to mass ratio 1:1 with shrimp med by fish meal, the bulk making loach agreeable to the taste is thrown something and fed, and each feeding volume is eaten up with loach seedling 30 ~ 50min and is as the criterion, and throws something and feeds every day 4 times; Put in the water body of seedling after 6 days, cladocera growth peaks the phase, almost algae is not had in water body, water body is muddy, now loach body length is 1 centimeter, indivedual small-sized cladocera of can initiatively ingesting, but small-sized cladocera limited amount, fish meal and shrimp med are mixed and made into the agreeable to the taste feed of bulk, the defect of the agreeable to the taste feed deficiency caused because of small-sized cladocera limited amount can be made up;
Iii, put seedling after 8 days, carry out parasite prevention by Avermectin, described Avermectin is bought from market, uses according to product description; Meanwhile, will throw something and feed every day 4 fish meal and shrimp med mixed feed are reduced to throws something and feeds 3 every day, and each feeding volume is constant, throws something and feeds continuously 3 ~ 4 days; Then, fish meal and shrimp med mixed feed being replaced with shrimp med feed, and in shrimp med feed, add the broken material of the 0.3mm particle diameter of 70% weight ratio, make the agreeable to the taste feed of bulk, throwing something and feeding to putting after seedling the 15th day according to the mode of 3 times of throwing something and feeding every day; Put the loach seedling of seedling after 8 days to start to transfer concurrent management intestinal respiration to by gill respiration, but do not perfect, now the lethality of loach seedling is high, reduces number of times of throwing something and feeding and can reduce lethality;
Iv, when find that there is loach seedling complete breathe conversion time, according to the product description of commercially available hundred rich ecological bacterium EM bacterium liquid, add in shrimp med feed and mix EM bacterium liquid, throw something and feed every day 5 times; Meanwhile, photosynthetic bacteria of splashing noon every day carries out water transfer, and the amount of splashing is 5 jin/time, splashes continuously 3 days, to increase the dissolved oxygen amount of water body;
When v, loach seedling when 90% complete and breathe conversion, the broken material of 0.3mm particle diameter in feed is replaced with the broken material of 0.5mm particle diameter, makes the agreeable to the taste feed of bulk of 0.5mm particle diameter; After feeding 3 ~ 4 days, the broken material of 0.5mm particle diameter is replaced with the broken material of 0.8mm particle diameter, continue to feed, in process of feeding, use Avermectin to prevent parasite; After loach seedling cultivates 30 days, length grows to 4 ~ 5cm, namely can be used as seed and sells or turn pool cultivation, complete loach fry cultivating process; Whole cultivating process, the survival rate of loach fry is 43.6%.
The method that loach secondary of the present invention is cultivated, is by hatching drawings in early stage cage rearing, and provides the methods such as agreeable to the taste feed, improve the loach seedling survival rate in hatching early stage; At breathing translate phase, by controlling water body environment, reducing feeding frequency, decreasing lethality; Cultivate the later stage, note parasite prevention; Whole process substantially increases the survival rate of loach seedling, makes the survival rate of loach seedling bring up to more than 40% from prior art average 10%, is suitable for loach fry and cultivates, have broad application prospects.
Claims (6)
1. a method for loach fry secondary cultivation, is characterized in that, comprise one-level breeding phase and secondary breeding phase, wherein:
Described one-level breeding phase step comprises: the loach seedling of just having hatched is placed in net cage and cultivates, and provide agreeable to the taste feed, after loach seedling hatches 7 ~ 10 days, obtains one-level and cultivates loach seedling;
Described secondary breeding phase step comprises: one-level is cultivated the pond that loach seedling is placed in wheel animalcule peak period, agreeable to the taste feed is provided, and reduce feed scale of feeding in the gill respiration of loach seedling to intestinal respiration conversion period, cultivate the later stage and carry out parasite prevention in time, and keep the abundant oxygen content of water body, grow to 4 ~ 5cm to loach seedling length, complete loach fry cultivating process.
2. the method for a kind of loach fry secondary cultivation according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described one-level breeding phase comprises the following steps:
I, be transferred to net cage by the loach seedling of just having hatched from hatchery, the water temperature difference in described hatchery and raising in cage pond remains on less than 3 DEG C, breeding density be 1500 ~ 2500 tails/square metre; The bottom Polypropylence Sheet place mat of net cage, its water surface has the water peanut of 35% to cover;
II, by the yolk that boils or fish meal 100 object sock filtration, then pour in net cage and throw something and feed;
After III, loach seedling hatch 7 ~ 10 days, obtain one-level and cultivate loach seedling.
3. a kind of loach fry secondary breeding method according to claim 2, is characterized in that, in described step I, the water surface arranges sunshade net.
4. the method for a kind of loach fry secondary cultivation according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described secondary breeding phase comprises the following steps:
I, the aquatic zooplankton cultivated in pond, reach 50 ~ 100/mL to wheel animalcule density, will cultivate loach seedling and be transferred to pond from net cage, and carry out secondary cultivation through one-level; When wheel animalcule density is down to 50/below mL, the yolk after the filtration of supplementary feeding Step II I and fish meal;
Ii, to put after seedling second day, the bulk that fish meal and shrimp med are mixed and made into loach agreeable to the taste is thrown something and fed;
Iii, put seedling after 8 days, carry out parasite prevention, meanwhile, reduce the feedstuff feeding amount of every day; After throwing something and feeding continuously 3 ~ 4 days, shrimp med feed being made the bulk of 0.3mm particle diameter, continuing to throw something and feed to putting after seedling the 15th day;
Iv, when find that there is loach seedling complete breathe conversion time, add in feed and mix EM bacterium liquid, meanwhile, photosynthetic bacteria of splashing carries out water transfer;
When v, loach seedling when 90% complete and breathe conversion, the bulk that 0.5mm particle diameter made by shrimp med feed is fed; After feeding 3 ~ 4 days, bulk shrimp med feed being made 0.8mm particle diameter continues to feed, and to loach seedling length specification to 4 ~ 5cm, completes loach fry cultivating process, notices that parasite prevents in cultivating process.
5. a kind of loach fry secondary breeding method according to claim 4, is characterized in that, in described step I, the method for cultivating the aquatic zooplankton in pond is that fertilising cultivation cultivates with soya-bean milk the method combined, and concrete steps comprise:
Step one: putting seedling the last fortnight, quicklime water is being splashed into pond, cleans up the pond, after cleaning up the pond three days, organic fertilizer, when pH value is down to 9, injects the pool water filtered through 60 eye mesh screens, leaves standstill to the lime efficacy of a drug and disappear;
Step 2: soya-bean milk of splashing, in the water of the pool, is emerald green to water body, and transparency is 25 ~ 35cm, sooner or later pH difference is between 0.8 ~ 1.2, now has aquatic zooplankton to occur in water body, is mainly wheel animalcule, when the density of wheel animalcule reaches 50 ~ 100/mL, namely can be used for secondary and cultivate;
Step 3: put first 3 days after seedling, soya-bean milk of splashing maintains water body color, the transparency of pool water and pH is poor sooner or later; After 3 days, urea of splashing maintains water body color, the transparency of pool water and pH is poor sooner or later.
6. a kind of loach fry secondary breeding method according to claim 4, is characterized in that, in described step I ii and step v, carry out parasite prevention by Avermectin to loach seedling.
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| CN106376499A (en) * | 2016-09-19 | 2017-02-08 | 三峡大学 | Method for ecologically breeding loaches |
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| CN112335580A (en) * | 2020-09-27 | 2021-02-09 | 天津蕴华农业科技发展有限公司 | Ecological breeding method for loaches with high survival rate |
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