CN103070094B - Artificial breeding method for siganus oramin - Google Patents
Artificial breeding method for siganus oramin Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an artificial breeding method for siganus oramin. Siganus canaliculatus and Siganus fuscesens are common fish stocks of Siganus, the physiological characters, reproductive habits and the breeding methods of the Siganus canaliculatus and Sigauns fuscesens are more similar, the problems that the source and domestication are difficult, newly hatched individuals are small in body size, the death rate caused by strong irritability of larva is high, a systematic artificial breeding technique is in shortage, the breeding offspring seeds are mainly from natural seedlings captured from ocean, and the like exist in the artificial breeding process. The artificial breeding method adopts the technical measures of parent fish culturing, cultivation, artificial spawning and incubation, larva cultivation pool preparation, cultivation water quality conditioning, staged bait feeding and juvenile fish transportation, so that the industrialization production of parent fish supply and seedling culture is realized, and the technical problems of artificial spawning and incubation of parent fish, selection and enrichment of larvae bait, water quality regulation and control, larva transportation and the like in the artificial breeding process of Siganus canaliculatus and Siganus fuscesens are systemically solved. The spawning rate of the cultivated parent fish can reach more than 65 percent, the average spawning fertility rate can reach more than 85 percent, and the survival rate of artificial breeding is 10.7 percent-27 percent.
Description
Technical field
That the present invention relates to is the artificial breeding method of a kind of basket fish, particularly macula lutea basket fish (Siganus canaliculatus) and brown basket fish (Siganus fuscescens) parent population are formed and offspring breeding method, belong to breeding and cultural technique field of Fisheries Science Mesichthyes.
Background technology
Siganidae (Siganidae) fish, be called for short basket fish, be distributed widely in the East Sea, the South Sea and the marine site, Taiwan of China, macula lutea basket fish (Siganus canaliculatus) and brown basket fish (Siganus fuscescens) are the common fingerling of siganidae, physilogical characteristics, reproductive habit and the mating system of two kinds of fishes are comparatively similar, delicious meat, along with the raising of population growth and living standards of the people, people constantly expand the demand of basket fish, basket fish in China's sea fishery in occupation of important economic status.Basket fish is strong to environmental suitability, omnivorous, is especially applicable to net cage and raises together with, and constantly expands in the cultivation scope of Guangdong and Guangxi Provinces and Sea Area in Fujian, and cultivation potentiality are very large.But, in macula lutea basket fish and brown basket fish parent fish artificial breeding process, there is source and domestication difficulty, just incubate individual artificial breeding and postlarva transport lethality small, that young irritability causes by force high, the macula lutea basket fish of shortage system and brown basket fish artificial breeding technology, cultivation seed mainly catches the problems such as wild[l from sea.Therefore, how research solves the variety of issue of macula lutea basket fish and the appearance in artificial seed in batches produces of brown basket fish, is necessary.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide a kind of artificial basket fish that breeds in batches, especially the method for macula lutea basket fish and brown basket fish, to solve the juvenile fish source and domestication difficulty that occur in macula lutea basket fish and brown basket fish artificial breeding process, just incubate individual small, the young irritability problems such as rate height that cause death by force, simultaneity factor has solved parent population deposit in artificial breeding process and has formed and supported temporarily the key technologies such as accelerating, artificial induced spawning hatching, the selection of young postlarva bait, regulating and controlling water quality, postlarva transport.
Solve the problems of the technologies described above, adopted following technical method: the artificial breeding method of a kind of basket fish, mainly comprises the following steps:
(1) parent population is formed
Select wild basket fish to carry out cage culture, cultivation density 5-15 tail/m
3, the Penaeus monodon feed of throwing something and feeding, a day feeding volume is the 1%-2% of fish body weight, the auxiliary dendritic marine alga of throwing something and feeding, the 5-7kg that monthly throws something and feeds, culturing time 2-3;
(2) parent population is cultivated
Be greater than 400g/ tail when the body weight of parent population reaches raun, milter is greater than after the standard of 300g/ tail, is transported to parent fish pond from net cage, and the Best Times of harvesting is early morning, and do not throw something and feed the same day, traffic density 50-80 tail/m
3, 14 DEG C-16 DEG C of transport water temperatures, haulage time is less than 6 hours; Parent fish pond floor space 15-20m
2, the dark 1.8-2.5m in pond, parent population 75-100 tail is placed in every pond, and pool wall is brushed into dark with pond primary coat, at the bottom of pond, place 10-18 gas stone, 1.6-2m place, top, pond arranges shading net, places 7-10 and open nylon mesh sheet at the bottom of pond, and day is changed water 1-3 time, quantity of exchanged water 100%, inhale at the end every day, and 5-7 day is fallen pond once; Domestication adds a small amount of water by prawn manufactured feed particle while throwing something and feeding and rubs sticky, then mixing aquatic products Kelp Powder and spirulina powder mixes thoroughly, prawn manufactured feed particle, aquatic products are 100: 2: 1 by the weight ratio of Kelp Powder and spirulina powder, after air-dry, making particle throws something and feeds, particle size 2 × 2 × 2mm, tame 2-5 every day, each domestication 30 minutes, the 20-50g feed granules of at every turn throwing something and feeding, domestication ingest after every day throw something and feed 3 times, till throwing something and feeding at every turn and no longer ingesting to parent population, additive food is fresh marine alga, be tied on stone and throw something and feed with cord, 450-600g throws something and feeds every day;
(3) artificial induced spawning and hatching
Parent population belly calculates parent population richness after obviously expanding, richness=body weight (g)/[body long (cm)]
3× 100%, richness is greater than 3.1% laggard row artificial induced spawning, and raun ocyodinic HCG usage amount is 500IU/kg, to 0.5-1ml, carries out muscle of back injection with normal saline dilution, and milter ocyodinic consumption is raun 1/3; One Zhou Houwei is laid eggs and to be continued injection, and the raun dosage of hastening parturition is per kilogram fish body HCG300IU+LRH-A310 μ g, and milter does not need injection, the injection 2 times at most of every tail parent population; After Gunther parent fish spawning, Benzylpenicillin sodium salt sea water solution with 1mg/L is sterilized 1 hour, then throw in 120 order small-sized net cages in larval culture pond and hatch, the specification of 120 order small-sized net cages is 1m × 1m × 1m, after incubation of membrane, prelarva is gently poured out in larval culture pond, under 24 DEG C of-28 DEG C of conditions of water temperature, brooding time 27-48 hour;
(4) prepare in larval culture pond
Cultivate pond floor space 15-20m
2, dark 1.5-2m, according to the shape liner planar movement net cage in pond, with plummet fixed cage shape, inside be lining in pool wall be 80 objects weeks nets, being laid at the bottom of pond is 50 object spacer screens, all nets of drainage position are apart from pool wall 1m, all nets at other positions are apart from pool wall 20-30cm, spacer screen, apart from 40cm at the bottom of pond, more than keeping depth of water 1.4m, is arranged on water inlet place the diagonal positions of drainage position, place a gas stone for every square metre, a gas stone also will respectively be put in every nook and cranny, four corners of net cage;
(5) larval culture water quality keeps and processes
Hatch after 3 days, adopt every day disc type to inhale end device and inhale end operation, the next day of hatching latter 3 to 13 days, change water once, adopt siphonage draining, enter draining and carry out simultaneously, enter drainage discharge identical, change water 40-60% at every turn, speed is 1.25-1.3m
3/ h, water inlet water temperature should be close with pond water temperature; Hatch and change water once every day after 13 days, change water 50%, speed is 1.5-2m3/h at every turn, drops into Benzylpenicillin sodium salt 2mg/L every 3-4 day or within every 6 days, drops into terramycin 1mg/L, after hatching, 1-7 day, to the micro-inflation of pond water, increases aeration quantity gradually to dissolved oxygen > 4mg/L after 8 days;
(6) the stage bait feeding of the young
It is 9000-12000 tail/m that newly hatched larvae is cultivated density
3hatch latter 48 hours, marine green alga to the 13 days starts to throw something and feed, keep concentration 500-1000/ml, the Rockwell of throwing something and feeding Chaetoceros, to the end of growing seedlings, keeps 5-10 colony/ml of concentration, the SS type of throwing something and feeding fold arm wheel animalcule 4 days, density 2-5/ml, the oyster trochophore 4 days of throwing something and feeding, density is for being greater than 3/ml; Latter the 6th day of hatching, starts to throw something and feed S type fold arm wheel animalcule 9-10 day, density 2-5/ml; After hatching, within 13rd, throw something and feed halogen worm 5-6 day, density 0.5-1/ml; Hatch the halogen worm 0.5-1/ml that throws something and feeds after the 18th day, Eucheuma chip 5g/ pond, throws something and feeds to the end of growing seedlings; 18-22 day after hatching, postlarva body starts artificial feed domestication while reaching 1.6-1.8cm, throws something and feeds to rub broken prawn slice with the hands, and each 56g/ pond, every day 3 times;
(7) transport of postlarva
Postlarva body is grown up and in the time of 2.4cm, is carried out intermediate rearing or directly cultivation, gently lift cultivation net cage night, collection seedling, throw in ice cube and reduce collection seedling place water temperature, after being reduced to 18-20 DEG C, water temperature, with container band water, fish is transferred to cask, under light intensity < 300lux, carry out, traffic density 40000-50000 tail/m3, in container, place gas stone and throw in a small amount of marine alga, transport with transport vehicle, water temperature 18-20 DEG C, put the front transport water temperature that needs to regulate in a suitable place to breed, prevent that postlarva is because of thermal stress death, 30 minutes temperature adjustment time, put seedling when being adjusted to after consistent with breeding environment water temperature,
Described basket is 2 grades of sand filter seawaters in artificial breeding method's water of fish, disinfection by ultraviolet light, salinity 27-33, water temperature 25-28 DEG C, dissolved oxygen > 4mg/L;
Described wheel animalcule, refer to and adopt chlorella to cultivate propagation, then adopt tall and handsome wheel animalcule nutrition fortifier (DHAPROTEIN SELCO) and split the wheel animalcule that kettle algae powder is thrown something and fed after strengthening at 3: 1, wheel animalcule density 400-500/ml, consumption is every hundred million wheel animalcule 40g, dissolved oxygen keeps > 4mg/L, and time 6-8h, with the Florfenicol sterilization of 1mg/L;
Described halogen worm refers to, adopt the clorox of mass fraction 5% and the mixed aqueous solution 1200ml of mass fraction 0.5% sodium hydroxide that 100g halogen worm's ovum shell is dissolved with halogen worm's ovum, temperature is less than 40 DEG C, after all ovum becomes redness, clean up with 1% hypo solution immediately, hatching after shelling, the halogen worm that adopts halogen worm nutrition fortifier (DC DHA SELCO) to throw something and feed after strengthening, 200,000,000/m of artemia density
3, pH7.5-8.0, dissolved oxygen keeps being greater than 4mg/L, and the every hundred million halogen worm 40g of consumption, with the Florfenicol sterilization of 1mg/L;
Described HCG refers to human chorionic gonadtropin; LRH-A refers to luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analog;
The chip that described Eucheuma chip filters out with mesh bag after referring to Eucheuma being smashed;
Described prawn slice are commercially available senior to slag prawn slice;
Described spirulina powder, prawn manufactured feed are commercially available prod;
Described Kelp Powder is commercially available aquatic products Kelp Powder or the feed Kelp Powder that processes raw material, particle footpath < 0.15mm.
Take the present invention of above-mentioned measure, technological process science, workable, taking shallow sea net cage and batch production indoor raising of seedling workshop as basic condition, the macula lutea basket fish of propagating artificially and brown basket fish parent fish are carried out to artificial breeding by identical method, having realized the parent population supply of macula lutea basket fish and brown basket fish produces with factorial seedling growth, system solves the artificial induced spawning hatching of parent population in macula lutea basket fish and brown basket fish artificial breeding process, young postlarva bait is selected and strengthening, regulating and controlling water quality, the technology such as postlarva transport, forming Gunther parent fish spawning rate reaches more than 65%, average spawning and fertilization rate reaches more than 85%, cultivate to the long 2.4cm calculating of body with newly hatched larvae, macula lutea basket fish industrial artificial is bred survival rate 12.3%-25.6%, brown basket fish industrial artificial is bred survival rate 10.7%-27.0%, having realized the factorial seedling growth of two kinds of basket fishes produces, have higher use value, the development of the artificial increasing cultivation's industry to basket fish has larger facilitation, and for breeding, other kind of basket fish artificial seed provide Technical Reference.
Embodiment
By concrete case study on implementation, technical scheme of the present invention is described below.
Embodiment 1
Implementation step:
1, parent population is formed
In July, 2006, adopt the brown basket fish (the long 5-10cm of body) catching and carry out shallow sea cage culture wild in coastal areas of southern China, raise together with grouper, average cultivation density 5 tails/m
3, the Penaeus monodon feed of throwing something and feeding, a day feeding volume is basket fish TBW 2%, the auxiliary monthly 5-7kg of dendritic marine alga that throws something and feeds, the algae that the net cage of simultaneously pecking at adheres to, culturing time 21 months.
2, parent population is cultivated
Select the raun that body weight reaches 450g/ tail, body weight reaches 350g/ tail milter, brown basket fish 56 tails, female 33 tails.With cargo ship inflation transport 2 hours, rear with transport vehicle inflation transport 3 hours to the place of growing seedlings, harvesting time 4:00, does not does not throw something and feed before transport, adopts 0.8m when entrucking transport
3water tank load and transport, transport vehicle when transport water temperature is by the 15-16 DEG C that is cooled on the rocks.Parent fish rearing water is with larval culture water.Parent population is supported temporarily in floor space 20m
2parent fish pond, use altogether 2 parent fish ponds, one of them is used for supporting temporarily, one is used for the rotation sterilization of falling pond or hasten parturition and lays eggs.The dark 1.8m in pond, the paint of pool wall and pond primary coat brush black, at the bottom of pond, being evenly distributed 15 gas stones adopts Roots blower to carry out blowing aeration, 2m place, top, pond blocks shading net, places 10 green nylon mesh sheets that dangle as hiding thing at the bottom of pond, and day is changed water 2 times, change water 100% at every turn, inhale the end every day once, remove residual bait and ight soil impurity etc., within every 5 days, fall pond once.Transport parent population is thrown in front adaptive temperature, after adaptive temperature, be invested in parent fish pond, within 2nd, start to tame the prawn manufactured feed of throwing something and feeding, before throwing something and feeding, prawn manufactured feed particle being added to a small amount of water rubs sticky, then mixing aquatic products Kelp Powder and spirulina powder mixes thoroughly, weight ratio is 100: 2: 1, after air-dry, throw something and feed to make particle, particle size 2 × 2 × 2cm, about half grain of rice size, 20g throws something and feeds one time, throw something and feed 5 first 3 day every day, after 3 days, tame 2-3 every day, the about 30-50g feed of throwing something and feeding for one time 30 minutes, the 7th day completely domestication ingest after every day throw something and feed 3 times, till throwing something and feeding at every turn and no longer ingesting to parent population, additive food is Eucheuma and bar Enteromorpha etc., be tied on stone with cord, 500g throws something and feeds every day, ingest clean rear supplementary.
3, artificial induced spawning and hatching
Cultivate after 14 days, calculate parent population richness, richness=body weight (g)/[body long (cm)]
3× 100%, select richness to reach more than 3.1% parent population, every raun adopts the about 250IU of HCG to 0.5-1ml, to inject muscle of back with normal saline dilution, and milter consumption is raun 1/3; Observe that richness is known whether lays eggs, the parent population that part is not produced continues injection after one week, use and hasten parturition dosage for per kilogram fish body HCG300IU+LRH-A310 μ g, and milter does not need injection, and every tail parent population is injected 2 times at most, treats that it lays eggs.After laying eggs, observe its fertilization situation with beaker band water dress ovum, fertilized egg is transparence.After parent population is pulled out, go out fertilized egg and clean with anxious current, sterilizing 1 hour with the Benzylpenicillin sodium salt sea water solution of 1mg/L, being then invested in the 120 order small-sized net cages that in larval culture pond, specification is 1m × 1m × 1m and hatching, after incubation of membrane, prelarva gently being poured out.The 1st injection hastened parturition, 2,800,000, brown basket fish output fertilized egg; The 2nd injection hastened parturition, and 6,800,000, brown basket fish output fertilized egg, due to laid eggs more, only left and taken part and hatched.26 DEG C of hatching water temperatures, brown basket fish brooding time approximately 28 hours.
4, prepare in larval culture pond
Larval culture pond is incubating oosperm and larval culture place, ready before Gunther parent fish spawning.Cultivate pond, pond floor space 20m
2, square, dark 2m, according to the shape liner planar movement net cage in pond, with plummet fixed cage shape, conveniently changing water does not affect the operation of the suction end simultaneously, net cage is mesh 80 all around, liner pool wall, and surrounding's net of drainage position is apart from pool wall 1m, adjustable range temporarily, all nets at other positions are apart from pool wall 20-30cm, spacer screen order 50, spacer screen is apart from 40cm at the bottom of pond, and the dark 1.6-1.7m of water filling, enters drainage position and be diagonal positions, place a gas stone inflation for every square metre, a gas stone inflation also will be respectively put at four angles of net cage.
5, larval culture water quality keeps and processes
Water for larval nursing is 2 grades of sand filter seawaters, disinfection by ultraviolet light, and salinity 27-33, water temperature 24-28 DEG C, dissolved oxygen, by Roots blower blowing aeration, keeps being greater than 4mg/L.Hatch after 3 days, gently tremble net cage every day, inhale the end after the foreign material such as ight soil are sunk at the bottom of pond, adopt disc type to inhale end device and inhale end operation, inhale the end clean.In larval culture process, do not fall pond, 3-13 changes water once next day of day, adopts siphonage with many tubule drainings, enters draining and carries out simultaneously, enters the exchange of the identical formation water of drainage discharge, changes water 50% at every turn, and water exchange velocity is 1.25-1.3m
3/ h, changes water water temperature close with pond water temperature; Hatch and change water once every day after 13 days, change water 50% at every turn, water exchange velocity is 1.5-2m
3/ h, threw Benzylpenicillin sodium salt 2mg/L once every 3 days, and after hatching, 1-7 day, to the micro-inflation of pond water, taking water breakthrough flower as main, increases aeration quantity according to the Burden-Swimming Ability of KM of fish body after 8 days gradually, keeps being greater than 4mg/L, does not often turn on one's side as main taking fish body.
6, the stage bait feeding of the young
The young adopts different bait according to the developmental stage, and animal bait comprises wheel animalcule and halogen worm, cultivates with chlorella and flat algae; The stage bait of prelarva is flat algae, Rockwell Chaetoceros, oyster trochophore, SS type fold arm wheel animalcule, S type fold arm wheel animalcule; Postlarva stage bait is S type fold arm wheel animalcule, halogen worm, Eucheuma chip and prawn slice.Chlorella, flat algae and Rockwell Chaetoceros are cultivated with aquatic products Micro Algae training method, are equipped with water body 100m
3, the standing 40m of chlorella
3, the standing 20m of flat algae
3, the standing 20m of Rockwell Chaetoceros
3, remaining water body is in order to the required marine alga of interim cultivation.SS type fold arm wheel animalcule, S type fold arm wheel animalcule are prepared respectively 3 pond (15m
3), halogen worm is thrown something and fed after cultivating certain hour according to the size in basket lymphogranuloma inguinale footpath with Micro Algae, prepares 2 pond (15m
3), start directly to throw something and feed and just incubate halogen children, adopt halogen worm hatching pail directly to hatch.Halogen worm hatches by buying after halogen worm's ovum shells, and adopts the inferior acid sodium solution of mass fraction 5% at alkaline aqueous solution, halogen worm's ovum shell to be dissolved while shelling, with 1% hypo solution cleaning.Wheel animalcule and halogen worm are strengthened before throwing something and feeding and sterilize 1 hour with the Florfenicol of 1mg/L, and strengthening and sterilization are carried out simultaneously.Wheel animalcule strengthening adopts tall and handsome wheel animalcule nutrition fortifier (DHA PROTEINSELCO) and splits the kettle algae powder wheel animalcule of throwing something and feeding at 3: 1, wheel animalcule density 400-500/ml left and right, consumption is every hundred million wheel animalcule 30g, more than dissolved oxygen remains on 5-7mg/L, time 6-8 hour, the strengthening of halogen worm adopts halogen worm nutrition fortifier (DC DHA SELCO) to throw something and feed, artemia density 200,000,000 halogen worm/m3, pH7.5-8.0, more than dissolved oxygen remains on 4-6mg/L, the every hundred million halogen worm 40g of consumption.Eucheuma chip refers to smashes the rear chip filtering out with 60-80 order mesh bag according to fish body bore by Eucheuma with soy bean milk making machine.
Newly hatched larvae is cultivated density and is about 10000 tails/m
3, single pond approximately 200,000 tails, cross and pull out at most, just hatch and within latter 48 hours, start the marine green alga of throwing something and feeding, and keep concentration 500-1000/ml to 13 day; The Rockwell of throwing something and feeding Chaetoceros, to the end of growing seedlings, keeps approximately 10 colony/ml of concentration; The SS type of throwing something and feeding fold arm wheel animalcule density remains 2-5/ml, throws something and feeds 4; The oyster trochophore of throwing something and feeding, density is greater than 3/ml, throws something and feeds 4.The S type fold arm wheel animalcule density of throwing something and feeding for 6th after hatching remains 2-5/ml, throw something and feed 9-10 day, the first halogen children density of incubating of throwing something and feeding for 13rd after hatching remains 0.5-1/ml, throw something and feed 6, after hatching, within 18th, throw something and feed and cultivated the halogen worm 0.5-1 of 2-3 day/ml and Eucheuma chip 5g/ pond, throw something and feed to the end of growing seedlings.Hatch young fish length 1.6cm on the 18th and start artificial feed domestication, throw something and feed rubbing broken prawn slice with the hands to do stranding method, each 5-6g/ pond, every day 3 times, every 4 hours once.
7, the transport of postlarva
Young fish length 2.5cm can transport, main employing fishing style at night, cultivation net cage is lifted, collection seedling, it is local that the water temperature in collection seedling region is adjusted to 18-20 DEG C with frozen water mode, it is slow that process is wanted, after contain fish to cask with the spoon band water of 2L, the operating environment low light level is light intensity < 300lux, traffic density 4-5 ten thousand tails/m
3, adopt in cask gas stone oxygenation also to throw in thread Enteromorpha increase and hide thing, with transport vehicle transport, water temperature 18-20 DEG C, need put seedling after breeding environment water temperature and form being adjusted to about transport water temperature half an hour before putting in a suitable place to breed.Part postlarva is wound in Enteromorpha dead, and transportation survival rate is higher than 70%, and control group is tentatively to fish for transport daytime, and control group survival rate is no more than 40%.
8, the result of growing seedlings
2008, Gunther parent fish spawning rate was higher than 73%, and average fertilization rate, higher than 85%, is cultivated to the long 2.4cm calculating of body with newly hatched larvae, and brown basket fish breeds survival rate 11.7%-20.4%, cultivates brown basket fry 440,000 tails and (grows seedlings for 2 batches, always seedling water 220m
3).
Embodiment 2
Implementation step:
1. the cultivation of parent population
In August, 2007, adopt the macula lutea basket fish (the long 5-10cm of body) catching and carry out shallow sea cage culture wild in coastal areas of southern China, average cultivation density 15 tails/m
3, the Penaeus monodon feed of throwing something and feeding, a day feeding volume is basket fish TBW 2%, the auxiliary dendritic marine alga of throwing something and feeding, the 5-7kg that monthly throws something and feeds, the algae that the net cage of simultaneously pecking at adheres to, culturing time 3 years.
2, parent population is formed
Select the raun that body weight is greater than 450g/ tail, body weight is greater than the milter of 350g/ tail, wherein macula lutea basket fish 51 tails, female 22 tails.With cargo ship inflation transport 1 hour, rear with transport vehicle inflation transport 2 hours to the place of growing seedlings, harvesting time 6:00, does not does not throw something and feed before transport, adopts two 0.5m when entrucking transport
3water tank load and transport, transport vehicle when transport water temperature is cooled to 16 DEG C by the rocks.
Parent fish rearing water is with larval culture water.Parent population is supported temporarily in floor space 15m
2parent fish pond, use altogether 2 parent fish ponds, one of them is used for supporting temporarily, one is used for the rotation sterilization of falling pond or hasten parturition and lays eggs.The dark 2m in pond, the paint of pool wall and pond primary coat brush black, the gas stone that is evenly distributed 15 at the bottom of pond adopts Roots blower to carry out blowing aeration, and 1.6m place, top, pond blocks shading net, places 10 green nylon mesh sheets at the bottom of pond.Because milter transport stimulates a large amount of ejaculations, change water 3 first 3 day every day, changes water 100% at every turn, changes afterwards water every day 2 times, changes water 100% at every turn.Inhale the end every day once, remove residual bait and ight soil impurity etc., within every 5 days, fall pond once.Transport parent population is thrown in front adaptive temperature, after adaptive temperature, be invested in parent fish pond, keep temperature 24-25 DEG C, within 2nd, start to tame the prawn manufactured feed of throwing something and feeding, before throwing something and feeding, prawn manufactured feed particle being added to a small amount of water rubs sticky, then mixing aquatic products Kelp Powder and spirulina powder mixes thoroughly, prawn manufactured feed particle, aquatic products Kelp Powder, the weight ratio of spirulina powder is 100: 2: 1, after air-dry, throw something and feed with particle, the about half grain of rice of particle size, 30g throws something and feeds at every turn, tame every day 5 times, after 4 days, tame 2-3 every day, one time 30 minutes, the about 30-50g feed of throwing something and feeding, the 6th day completely domestication ingest after every day throw something and feed 3 times, till throwing something and feeding at every turn and no longer ingesting to parent population, feeding volume is about the 3-4% of parent population body weight, raun ingests initiative higher than milter.Every day, additive food was Eucheuma and bar Enteromorpha etc., is tied on stone throws something and feeds with cord, ingested to pull stone after clean out and again tie up marine alga after with potassium permanganate sterilization and supplement, and wherein placement position is near pool wall.
3, artificial induced spawning and hatching
Cultivate after 13 days, most of parent populations are mature on the whole, and calculate parent population richness, richness=body weight (g)/[body long (cm)]
3× 100%, select richness to reach more than 3.1% parent population, every tail raun is injected muscle of back after adopting the about 250IU of HCG with normal saline dilution, milter consumption is 1/3 of raun, what male and female can not differentiated injects by milter dosage, continues to select the above parent population of richness 3.1 to inject after one week, and milter is no longer injected, every tail raun ocyodinic consumption is every kg fish body HCG300IU+LRH-A310 μ g, after treat that it lays eggs.After laying eggs, observe its fertilization situation with beaker band water dress ovum, fertilized egg is transparence.After parent population is pulled out, go out fertilized egg and clean with anxious current, with the Benzylpenicillin sodium salt sea water solution sterilization of 1mg/L 1 hour, after be invested in the 120 order small-sized net cages that in larval culture pond, specification is 1m × 1m × 1m and hatch, after incubation of membrane, prelarva is gently poured out.The 1st injection hastened parturition, 4,400,000, macula lutea basket fish output fertilized egg; The 2nd injection hastened parturition, and 5,200,000, macula lutea basket fish output fertilized egg is left and taken partial fertilization ovum and hatched and grow seedlings.27 DEG C of hatching water temperatures, the about 46h of macula lutea basket fish brooding time.
4, prepare in larval culture pond
Larval culture pond is incubating oosperm and larval culture place, ready before Gunther parent fish spawning.Cultivate pond, pond floor space 20m
2square, dark 2m, according to the shape liner planar movement net cage in pond, with plummet fixed cage shape, conveniently changing water does not affect the operation of the suction end simultaneously, and net cage is mesh 80 all around, liner pool wall, surrounding's net of drainage position is apart from pool wall (drainage position) 1m, adjustable range temporarily, and all nets at other positions are apart from pool wall 20-30cm, spacer screen order 50, spacer screen is apart from 40cm at the bottom of pond, and the dark 1.6-1.9m of water filling, enters drainage position and be diagonal positions, place the inflation of gas stone for every square metre, 4 jiaos, net cage also will respectively be put a gas stone inflation.
5, larval culture water quality keeps and processes
Water for larval nursing is 2 grades of sand filter seawaters, disinfection by ultraviolet light, and salinity 28-33, water temperature 26-28 DEG C, dissolved oxygen is by Roots blower blowing aeration.Hatch after 3 days, gently tremble net cage every day, inhale the end after the foreign material such as ight soil are sunk at the bottom of pond, adopt disc type to inhale end device and inhale end operation, the suction end, is clean, within every 6 days, throws in terramycin once, 1mg/L, at the bottom of hydroxytetracycline tablet is directly smashed into pieces to granule and is spread on pond, gives sterilization at the bottom of pond.In larval culture process, do not fall pond, 3-10 changes water once next day of day, adopts siphonage with many tubule drainings, and the about 1cm in mouth of pipe footpath, enters draining and carry out simultaneously, enters drainage discharge and keeps the exchange of identical formation water, changes the about 40-60% of water at every turn, and water exchange capacity is 1.25-1.3m
3/ h, changes water water temperature close with pond water temperature, hatches and changes water once every day after 13 days, changes water 50% at every turn, and water exchange capacity is 1.7-2m
3/ h, throws Benzylpenicillin sodium salt 2mg/L once every 3-4 day, and after hatching, 1-7 day, to the micro-inflation of pond water, taking water breakthrough flower as main, increases aeration quantity according to the Burden-Swimming Ability of KM of fish body after the 8th day gradually, does not often turn on one's side as main taking fish body.
6, the stage bait feeding of prelarva, postlarva
The different bait that the young adopted according to the developmental stage, stand-by mode and consumption are identical with the step 6 of embodiment 1, and newly hatched larvae is cultivated density and is about 10000 tails/m
3, single pond approximately 150,000 tail prelarvas, too much pull out, just hatch the latter 48 hours marine green algas of throwing something and feeding, and keep concentration 500-1000/ml to 13 day; The Rockwell of throwing something and feeding Chaetoceros, to the end of growing seedlings, keeps approximately 10 colony/ml of concentration; The SS type of throwing something and feeding fold arm wheel animalcule density remains 2-6/ml, throws something and feeds 4; 3/the ml of oyster trochophore density > that throws something and feeds, throws something and feeds 4.The S type fold arm wheel animalcule density of throwing something and feeding for 6th after hatching remains 2-5/ml, throw something and feed 9-10 day, the first halogen children density of incubating of throwing something and feeding 12-13 day after hatching remains 0.5-1/ml, throw something and feed 6-7 day, hatching throws something and feeds on the 17th cultivated halogen children 0.5-1 of 2-3 day/ml and Eucheuma chip 5g/ pond, throw something and feed to the end of growing seedlings.After hatching, young fish length 1.8-2.0cm on the 22nd starts artificial feed domestication, throw something and feed rubbing broken prawn slice with the hands to do stranding method, and each 5-6g/ pond, every day 3 times, every 4 hours once.
7, the transport of postlarva
Postlarva body is grown up and is transported after 2.4cm, adopts fishing style at night, cultivations net cage is lifted, collection seedling, local with frozen water mode by water temperature to 20 DEG C, after with 8L bucket band water Sheng fish to cask, vessel port purse seine, anti-sealing is overflowed more.Operating environment adopts candle light, is wherein radiated at water body light intensity < 300lux, traffic density 3-5 ten thousand tails/m
3adopt gas stone oxygenation in cask and throw in Eucheuma and thing is hidden in the marine alga increase such as bar Enteromorpha, transport with transport vehicle, approximately 20 DEG C of water temperatures, put the front transport water temperature that needs to regulate in a suitable place to breed, prevent that postlarva is because of thermal stress death, 30 minutes temperature adjustment time, put seedling when being adjusted to after consistent with breeding environment water temperature, transportation survival rate is higher than 80%.
8, the result of growing seedlings
Gunther parent fish spawning rate is higher than 70%, and average fertilization rate, higher than 85%, is cultivated to the long 2.4cm calculating of body with newly hatched larvae, and macula lutea basket fish breeds survival rate 12.3%-25.6%, cultivates macula lutea basket fry 660,000 tails and (grows seedlings for 2 batches, always seedling water 200m
3).
Claims (1)
1. an artificial breeding method for basket fish, is characterized in that: the artificial breeding method of described basket fish mainly comprises the following steps:
(1) parent population is formed
Select wild basket fish to carry out cage culture, cultivation density 5-15 tail/m
3, the Penaeus monodon feed of throwing something and feeding, a day feeding volume is the 1%-2% of fish body weight, the auxiliary dendritic marine alga of throwing something and feeding, the 5-7kg that monthly throws something and feeds, culturing time 2-3;
(2) parent population is cultivated
Be greater than 400g/ tail when the body weight of parent population reaches raun, milter is greater than after the standard of 300g/ tail, is transported to parent fish pond from net cage, and the Best Times of harvesting is early morning, and do not throw something and feed the same day, traffic density 50-80 tail/m
3, 14 DEG C-16 DEG C of transport water temperatures, haulage time is less than 6 hours; Parent fish pond floor space 15-20m
2, the dark 1.8-2.5m in pond, parent population 75-100 tail is placed in every pond, and pool wall is brushed into dark with pond primary coat, at the bottom of pond, place 10-18 gas stone, 1.6-2m place, top, pond arranges shading net, places 7-10 and open nylon mesh sheet at the bottom of pond, and day is changed water 1-3 time, quantity of exchanged water 100%, inhale at the end every day, and 5-7 day is fallen pond once; Domestication adds a small amount of water by prawn manufactured feed particle while throwing something and feeding and rubs sticky, then mixing aquatic products Kelp Powder and spirulina powder mixes thoroughly, prawn manufactured feed particle, aquatic products are 100: 2: 1 by the weight ratio of Kelp Powder and spirulina powder, after air-dry, making particle throws something and feeds, particle size 2 × 2 × 2mm, tame 2-5 every day, each domestication 30 minutes, the 20-50g feed granules of at every turn throwing something and feeding, domestication ingest after every day throw something and feed 3 times, till throwing something and feeding at every turn and no longer ingesting to parent population, additive food is fresh marine alga, be tied on stone and throw something and feed with cord, 450-600g throws something and feeds every day;
(3) artificial induced spawning and hatching
Parent population belly calculates parent population richness after obviously expanding, richness=body weight (g)/[body long (cm)]
3× 100%, richness is greater than 3.1% laggard row artificial induced spawning, and raun ocyodinic HCG usage amount is 500IU/kg, to 0.5-1ml, carries out muscle of back injection with normal saline dilution, and milter ocyodinic consumption is raun 1/3; One Zhou Houwei is laid eggs and to be continued injection, and the raun dosage of hastening parturition is per kilogram fish body HCG300IU+LRH-A310 μ g, and milter does not need injection, the injection 2 times at most of every tail parent population; After Gunther parent fish spawning, Benzylpenicillin sodium salt sea water solution with 1mg/L is sterilized 1 hour, then throw in 120 order small-sized net cages in larval culture pond and hatch, the specification of 120 order small-sized net cages is 1m × 1m × 1m, after incubation of membrane, prelarva is gently poured out in larval culture pond, under 24 DEG C of-28 DEG C of conditions of water temperature, brooding time 27-48 hour;
(4) prepare in larval culture pond
Cultivate pond floor space 15-20m
2, dark 1.5-2m, according to the shape liner planar movement net cage in pond, with plummet fixed cage shape, inside be lining in pool wall be 80 objects weeks nets, being laid at the bottom of pond is 50 object spacer screens, all nets of drainage position are apart from pool wall 1m, all nets at other positions are apart from pool wall 20-30cm, spacer screen, apart from 40cm at the bottom of pond, more than keeping depth of water 1.4m, is arranged on water inlet place the diagonal positions of drainage position, place a gas stone for every square metre, a gas stone also will respectively be put in every nook and cranny, four corners of net cage;
(5) larval culture water quality keeps and processes
Hatch after 3 days, adopt every day disc type to inhale end device and inhale end operation, the next day of hatching latter 3 to 13 days, change water once, adopt siphonage draining, enter draining and carry out simultaneously, enter drainage discharge identical, change water 40-60% at every turn, speed is 1.25-1.3m
3/ h, water inlet water temperature should be close with pond water temperature; Hatch and change water once every day after 13 days, change water 50% at every turn, speed is 1.5-2m
3/ h, drops into Benzylpenicillin sodium salt 2mg/L every 3-4 day or within every 6 days, drops into terramycin 1mg/L, and after hatching, 1-7 day, to the micro-inflation of pond water, increases aeration quantity gradually to dissolved oxygen > 4mg/L after 8 days;
(6) the stage bait feeding of the young
It is 9000-12000 tail/m that newly hatched larvae is cultivated density
3hatch latter 48 hours, marine green alga to the 13 days starts to throw something and feed, keep concentration 500-1000/ml, the Rockwell of throwing something and feeding Chaetoceros, to the end of growing seedlings, keeps 5-10 colony/ml of concentration, the SS type of throwing something and feeding fold arm wheel animalcule 4 days, density 2-5/ml, the oyster trochophore 4 days of throwing something and feeding, density is for being greater than 3/ml; Latter the 6th day of hatching, starts to throw something and feed S type fold arm wheel animalcule 9-10 day, density 2-5/ml; After hatching, within 13rd, throw something and feed halogen worm 5-6 day, density 0.5-1/ml; Hatch the halogen worm 0.5-1/ml that throws something and feeds after the 18th day, Eucheuma chip 5g/ pond, throws something and feeds to the end of growing seedlings; 18-22 day after hatching, postlarva body starts artificial feed domestication while reaching 1.6-1.8cm, throws something and feeds to rub broken prawn slice with the hands, and each 56g/ pond, every day 3 times;
(7) transport of postlarva
Postlarva body is grown up and in the time of 2.4cm, is carried out intermediate rearing or directly cultivation, gently lift cultivation net cage night, collection seedling, throw in ice cube and reduce collection seedling place water temperature, after being reduced to 18-20 DEG C, water temperature, with container band water, fish is transferred to cask, under light intensity < 300lux, carry out traffic density 40000-50000 tail/m
3, place gas stone in container and also throw in a small amount of marine alga, with transport vehicle transport, water temperature 18-20 DEG C, puts the front transport water temperature that needs to regulate in a suitable place to breed, prevents that postlarva is because of thermal stress death, 30 minutes temperature adjustment time, puts seedling when being adjusted to after consistent with breeding environment water temperature;
Artificial breeding method's water of described basket fish is 2 grades of sand filter seawaters, disinfection by ultraviolet light, salinity 27-33, water temperature 25-28 DEG C, dissolved oxygen > 4mg/L;
Described wheel animalcule, refer to and adopt chlorella to cultivate propagation, then adopt tall and handsome wheel animalcule nutrition fortifier (DHAPROTEIN SELCO) and split the wheel animalcule that kettle algae powder is thrown something and fed after strengthening at 3: 1, wheel animalcule density 400-500/ml, consumption is every hundred million wheel animalcule 40g, dissolved oxygen keeps > 4mg/L, and time 6-8h, with the Florfenicol sterilization of 1mg/L;
Described halogen worm refers to, adopt the inferior oxygen acid sodium of mass fraction 5% and the mixed aqueous solution 1200ml of mass fraction 0.5% sodium hydroxide that 100g halogen worm's ovum shell is dissolved with halogen worm's ovum, temperature is less than 40 DEG C, after all ovum becomes redness, clean up with 1% hypo solution immediately, hatching after shelling, the halogen worm that adopts halogen worm nutrition fortifier (DC DHA SELCO) to throw something and feed after strengthening, 200,000,000/m of artemia density
3, pH7.5-8.0, dissolved oxygen keeps being greater than 4mg/L, and the every hundred million halogen worm 40g of consumption, with the Florfenicol sterilization of 1mg/L;
Described HCG refers to human chorionic gonadtropin; LRH-A refers to luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analog;
The chip that described Eucheuma chip filters out with mesh bag after referring to Eucheuma being smashed;
Described prawn slice are commercially available senior to slag prawn slice;
Described spirulina powder, prawn manufactured feed are commercially available prod;
Described Kelp Powder is commercially available aquatic products Kelp Powder or the feed Kelp Powder that processes raw material, particle footpath < 0.15mm.
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| CN103445008B (en) * | 2013-06-26 | 2014-12-03 | 浙江省海洋开发研究院 | Feed for Siganus |
| CN103960188B (en) * | 2014-05-20 | 2016-03-30 | 中国水产科学研究院长江水产研究所 | A kind of long Qi Wen Minnow induced spawning method |
| CN104335938B (en) * | 2014-09-09 | 2016-05-11 | 中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所 | A kind of method of siganus guttatus seed cultivation |
| CN105409848A (en) * | 2015-12-10 | 2016-03-23 | 广东海洋大学 | Method for controlling bacterial diseases by co-culturing Siganus ConcatenaluJ and Penaeus japonicus |
| CN106508769B (en) * | 2016-09-26 | 2019-04-05 | 浙江省海洋水产研究所 | A kind of device and method for reducing workshop cultivation little yellow croaker stress be dead |
| CN107646763A (en) * | 2017-11-10 | 2018-02-02 | 中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所 | A kind of macula lutea basket fish artificial fecundation method |
| CN110100770B (en) * | 2019-05-31 | 2021-08-06 | 海南晨海水产有限公司 | Artificial propagation method of siganus oramin |
| CN110150192B (en) * | 2019-06-28 | 2023-01-03 | 中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所 | Method for breeding siganus oramin parent fish |
| CN111149735B (en) * | 2020-01-21 | 2021-07-27 | 中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所深圳试验基地 | Large-scale cultivation method of siganus oramin fry |
| CN111727912A (en) * | 2020-06-17 | 2020-10-02 | 浙江省海洋水产养殖研究所 | Striped mullet seawater pond circulating water seedling raising method |
| CN112042567B (en) * | 2020-07-29 | 2022-09-16 | 中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所 | All-season cultivation method for parent fish of marine fishes |
| CN112219758B (en) * | 2020-10-19 | 2023-03-31 | 中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所 | Method for controlling sexual maturity of siganus oramin |
| CN113287548B (en) * | 2021-07-05 | 2022-11-25 | 镇康县水产技术推广站 | Artificial propagation method for yellow-shelled fishes |
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