CN110150192B - Method for breeding siganus oramin parent fish - Google Patents
Method for breeding siganus oramin parent fish Download PDFInfo
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- CN110150192B CN110150192B CN201910575891.6A CN201910575891A CN110150192B CN 110150192 B CN110150192 B CN 110150192B CN 201910575891 A CN201910575891 A CN 201910575891A CN 110150192 B CN110150192 B CN 110150192B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for breeding siganus oramin parent fish, which comprises the following steps: s1, respectively feeding young fishes in different net cages in the same pond according to trapping months after trapping wild young fishes in a natural environment; s2, maintaining the water quality of the pond water body to be stable, and culturing the juvenile fish for a period of time until the juvenile fish grows to be mature; s3, selecting an individual with large individual, good vitality and no damage to the body surface from the sexually mature fish as a parent fish, and checking the maturity of the parent fish; s4, artificially induced spawning and insemination are carried out on the mature parent fish. By utilizing the living habits of siganus oramin, the siganus oramin is respectively fed to different net cages in the same pond according to the trapping months, the maturity of parent fishes cultivated in each batch is different in different seasons, batch marketing in the whole year can be realized, meanwhile, the young fishes in each net cage are basically cultivated to be mature in the same time period, the manpower, material resources and time required by screening the parent fishes are greatly reduced, and the competitiveness of the parent fishes is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of production and cultivation, in particular to a method for cultivating siganus oramin parent fish.
Background
The siganus oramin is commonly called mud chuang and stinky siganus, belongs to the family of perciformes, siganus and siganus, is small-sized near-shore fish, is widely distributed, and is distributed in east China sea, south China sea and Taiwan sea. The meat quality is tender, the taste is delicious, and the meat is deeply loved by consumers; due to the characteristic of food habit of food preference to phytophagy and preference to eating attached algae, the feed has the advantages of easy solution of feed sources, low breeding cost, strong disease resistance, capability of cleaning netting, short breeding period and the like. In recent years, the method has rapid development in coastal areas of south China, becomes one of new objects of main culture and mixed culture of omnivorous fishes in offshore seawater cage culture, has larger and larger market demand, and has great culture and development potential. However, the full-artificial large-scale breeding of siganus oramin has not made a substantial breakthrough, and at present, siganus oramin cultured seedlings in China are mainly directly captured from natural sea areas, and the quantity and the quality of siganus guttatus cannot meet the development of the aquaculture industry. The artificial propagation is the bottleneck for solving the problem, and the successful cultivation of the robust parent fish is the key problem to be solved for the total artificial propagation of the siganus canaliculatus.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a method for breeding siganus oramin parent fish, which utilizes the life habits of siganus oramin, respectively breeding the young fish in different net cages in the same pond according to the trapping months, wherein a plurality of net cages are arranged in the same pond, the cost is low, the water quality environment in the same pond is the same, the control is easy, the breeding in the net cages is easy to catch, the stress reaction of the siganus guttatus is not easy to cause by pulling the net to collect the fish, the death rate is reduced, the breeding and the operation are convenient, the maturity of the parent fish bred in each batch is different in different seasons, the artificial induced spawning and insemination can be carried out on the parent fish in the mature batches in different seasons, fertilized eggs are obtained for hatching, the market of the young fish in batches in the whole year can be realized, meanwhile, the young fish bred in each net cage is mature in the same time period, the manpower, material resources and the time required for screening the parent fish are greatly reduced, and the competitiveness of the parent fish is improved.
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a method for breeding siganus oramin parent fish, which comprises the following steps:
s1, after wild juvenile fishes are trapped in a natural environment, feeding the juvenile fishes in different net cages in the same pond respectively according to trapping months;
s2, maintaining the water quality of the pond water body to be stable, and culturing the juvenile fish for a period of time until the juvenile fish grows to be mature;
s3, selecting an individual with large individual and good vitality and without hurting the body surface from the sexually mature fish as a parent fish, and checking the maturity of the parent fish;
and S4, carrying out artificial spawning induction and insemination on the mature parent fish.
Furthermore, the pond is a cement high-level pond, the water depth of the pond is 3-3.5 m, the penaeus monodon is stocked in the pond, the culture density is 3-5 ten thousand tails/mu, siganus oramin is stocked in the net cage, and the culture density is 30 tails/m 3 -50 tails/m 3 。
Further, the time for culturing the juvenile fish in the pond is one year.
Furthermore, the main feed for feeding the young fishes during the cultivation period is an artificial expanded golden pomfret compound feed, and the auxiliary feed is fresh vegetable leaves and wild algae.
Further, the step S3 includes:
step S3.1, stopping feeding the parent fish for one day;
s3.2, carefully fishing mature parent fishes in a pond net cage;
and step S3.3, anaesthetizing the parent fish and checking the maturity.
Further, said step S3.2 comprises:
s3.21, preparing a barrel containing the eugenol solution with the mass concentration of 150mg/L to 200mg/L, and filling air into the barrel for oxygen supply;
s3.22, fishing parent fishes for a few times by using a fishing net and putting the parent fishes into a barrel when the water temperature is low, wherein the fishing quantity does not exceed 5 fishes each time;
s3.23, transferring the parent fish to a bucket of a eugenol solution with the mass concentration of 30mg/L to 60mg/L after the parent fish does not respond to external stimulation, and transferring the parent fish to an inspection place;
and S3.24, adding natural seawater or a eugenol solution intermittently in the transfer process to adjust the concentration of the eugenol solution in the barrel.
Further, said step S3.3 comprises:
s3.31, fishing out parent fish and transferring the parent fish to a bucket containing a eugenol solution with the mass concentration of 150mg/L to 200 mg/L;
step S3.32, after the parent fish is completely anesthetized, the parent fish is flatly placed on a wet towel;
s3.33, slightly and forwards extruding the fish maw from the back end of the belly of the parent fish, observing the condition of an extruded material, judging the maturity and dividing the fish into mature parent fish and immature parent fish;
and S3.34, directly accelerating maturation or delaying sexual maturation of the immature parent fish, and culturing for a period of time, and then repeating the step S3 until all the parent fish are mature.
Further, the direct ripening is performed by injecting 150 to 200 μ g/kg chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) into the back muscle of the parent fish.
Further, the delayed ripening acceleration is to transfer the parent fish to an offshore net cage or an indoor cement pond for culture.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the siganus oramin fry breeding method has the advantages that the siganus oramin fry is bred in different net cages in the same pond respectively according to trapping months by utilizing the living habits of siganus oramin, a plurality of net cages are arranged in the same pond, the cost is low, the water quality environment in the same pond is the same, the control is easy, the fry is easy to catch in the net cages, the stress reaction of siganus guttatus fry is not easy to cause by pulling the net to collect the fry, the death rate is reduced, the breeding and the operation are convenient, the maturity of parent fishes bred in each batch is different in different seasons, the artificial induced spawning and insemination can be carried out on the parent fishes in the mature batches in different seasons, fertilized eggs obtained to be hatched, the fries in different batches can be listed in batches all the year round, meanwhile, the siganus guttatus basically bred to mature in the same time period, the manpower, material resources and time required for screening the parent fishes are greatly reduced, and the competitiveness of the parent fishes is improved.
The pond is a cement high-level pond, the water depth of the pond is 3-3.5 m, the pond is used for stocking penaeus monodon, the breeding density is 3-5 ten thousand tails/mu, the siganus oramin is stocked in the net cage, and the breeding density is 30 tails/m 3 -50 tails/m 3 The method focuses on cultivating the algae in the pond, and discharges and changes water periodically to ensure that the algae in the pond is light green and continuously stable. The main feed for young fish culture is artificially expanded golden pomfret compound feed, the auxiliary feed is fresh vegetable leaves and wild algae such as gulfweed, gracilaria, ulva and the like,in summer, the temperature of the water is higher than 28 ℃, the golden pomfret feed is changed into a puffed grass carp feed, so that the heat of the feed is reduced, common enteritis of siganus oramin is prevented when the temperature of the water is high, and the survival rate is improved. The siganus oramin is 1-age mature fish, after 1 year of continuous culture, the weight of the first-batch trapped and cultured individuals is 200-250g after the first-year clearness, and the siganus can be used as spare parent fish, and most of the gonads of the parent fish are in III-IV stage.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to examples, which are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.
The invention provides a method for breeding siganus oramin parent fish, which comprises the following steps:
s1, after wild juvenile fishes are trapped in a natural environment, feeding the juvenile fishes in different net cages in the same pond respectively according to trapping months;
s2, maintaining the water quality of the pond water body to be stable, and culturing the juvenile fish for a period of time until the juvenile fish grows to be mature;
s3, selecting an individual with large individual, good vitality and no damage to the body surface as a parent fish from the sexually mature siganus oramin after trapping the siganus oramin, and checking the maturity of the parent fish;
and S4, carrying out artificial spawning induction and insemination on the mature parent fish.
Taking a bay sea area as an example, when the average temperature of seawater exceeds 24 ℃ after clearness, the first wild siganus oramin fry with the total length of 2-3cm appears in a natural sea area in the current year, and basically, a batch of wild fries with the same specification appear in each month, and the wild fries continue to live in the winter (about 11 months of the common calendar), which indicates that the siganus oramin is mature in batches, oviposits in batches, is early-maturing and late-maturing in the current year, so that the wild fries which are full of scales and 2-3cm in the total length are placed in a cage in each month to trap the young fishes which just grow in the current month, are cultured in the full-length scales and the wild fries with the total length of 2-3cm, and are transported to an elevated pond for culture, and are respectively cultured in different cages in the same pond according to the months, a plurality of cages are arranged in the same pond, the cost is low, the water quality environment is the same, the control is easy, the wild fries are easy to catch in the cages, the cage for collecting the yellow siganus and the early-maturing pond are convenient for collecting the artificial pond groups in the early-maturing pond. By utilizing the living habits of siganus canaliculatus, the siganus oramin are respectively fed to different net cages in the same pond according to the trapping months, the maturity of parent fishes cultivated in each batch is different in different seasons, the artificial induced spawning and insemination can be performed on the parent fishes in the mature batches in different seasons, fertilized eggs are obtained for hatching, the fingerlings of different batches can be put on the market in batches all the year after being cultivated, meanwhile, the siganus in each net cage are basically cultivated to be mature in the same time period, the manpower, material resources and time required for screening the parent fishes are greatly reduced, and the competitiveness of the parent fishes is improved.
Furthermore, penaeus monodon can be stocked in the pond, the culture density of the penaeus monodon is 3-5 million tails/mu, so that fine management is facilitated, siganus oramin is completely bred in the net cage, penaeus monodon is bred in water bodies of the pond outside the net cage, the penaeus monodon is a benthonic animal, the penaeus monodon crawls at the bottom of the pond for foraging, residual baits of siganus and organic matters at the bottom of the pond in the net cage can be ingested, culture bottom mud at the bottom of the pond can be frequently turned over, thick sludge is not easy to accumulate at the bottom of the pond, the turned bottom mud is convenient to be discharged out of the pond through a discharge pipe, the pond is a cement high-level pond, the water depth of the pond is 3-3.5 m, penaeus monodon is stocked in the pond, the culture density is 3-5 million tails/mu, and siganus is stocked in the net cage, and the culture density is 30 tails/m 3 -50 tails/m 3 And paying attention to cultivating pond algae, and periodically discharging sewage and changing water to ensure that the pond algae is light green and continuously stable.
Furthermore, the main feed fed when the water temperature is lower than 26 ℃ during the juvenile fish culture period is artificial expanded golden pomfret compound feed, the auxiliary feed is fresh vegetable leaves and wild algae such as gulfweed, gracilaria, ulva and the like, and after the water temperature is higher than 26 ℃ in summer, the golden pomfret feed is changed into low-protein expanded grass carp feed and expanded tilapia feed, so that the heat of the feed is reduced, common enteritis of siganus oramin is prevented when the water temperature is high, and the survival rate is improved. The siganus oramin is mature fish of 1 age, after the sigh is continuously cultured for 1 year, the weight of the first-batch trapped and cultured individuals is 200-250g after the last year of clarification, and the siganus can be used as a spare parent fish, and most of gonads of the parent fish are in III-IV stages.
Further, the step S3 includes:
step S3.1, stopping feeding the parent fish for one day;
s3.2, carefully fishing mature parent fishes in a pond net cage;
and step S3.3, anaesthetizing the parent fish and checking the maturity.
Further, said step S3.2 comprises:
s3.21, preparing a barrel containing the eugenol solution with the mass concentration of 150mg/L to 200mg/L, and filling air into the barrel for oxygen supply;
s3.22, fishing parent fishes for a few times by using a fishing net and putting the parent fishes into a barrel when the water temperature is low, wherein the fishing quantity does not exceed 5 fishes each time;
s3.23, transferring the parent fish to a bucket of a eugenol solution with the mass concentration of 30mg/L to 60mg/L after the parent fish does not respond to external stimulation, and transferring the parent fish to an inspection place;
and S3.24, adding natural seawater or a eugenol solution intermittently in the transfer process to adjust the concentration of the eugenol solution in the barrel.
Selecting 6-7 points in the morning when the water temperature is lower, carefully fishing the reserved parent fish trapped in the net cage for multiple times by using a fishing net, fishing up the fished parent fish to quickly place the fished parent fish into a bucket added with eugenol anesthetic, filling air into the bucket by using an air pump for oxygen supply, wherein the mass concentration of eugenol solution is 150mg/L to 200mg/L, when the gill cover of the parent fish is slightly stretched and does not react to external stimulation, indicating that the parent fish enters an anesthetic state, transferring the parent fish into the bucket with the eugenol mass concentration of 30mg/L to 60mg/L to maintain the anesthetic state and transferring the anesthesia to an inspection place, observing the fish body reaction at any time in the transferring process, changing the anesthetic concentration in the transportation bucket by adding natural seawater or anesthetic, keeping the fish body in a continuous anesthetic state with no depth or no light anesthesia, possibly causing over anesthesia due to high anesthetic concentration or long continuous anesthetic time, and not waking up the fish, and not having enough anesthetic effect, and not effectively reducing the stress on the transportation operation fish.
Further, said step S3.3 comprises:
s3.31, fishing out parent fish and transferring the parent fish to a bucket containing a eugenol solution with the mass concentration of 150mg/L to 200 mg/L;
s3.32, after the parent fish is completely anesthetized, the parent fish is horizontally placed on a wet towel;
s3.33, slightly extruding the fish maw forwards from the back end of the belly of the parent fish, observing the condition of an extruded material, judging the maturity and dividing the maturity into mature parent fish and immature parent fish;
and S3.34, directly accelerating maturation or delaying sexual maturation of the immature parent fish, and culturing for a period of time, and then repeating the step S3 until all the parent fish are mature.
According to the reproductive habit that the eggs of siganus oramin are influenced by tide, namely in the natural sea area, after the siganus oramin is sexually matured, ovulation and insemination are performed on the sigoramin before and after two climax of the lunar calendar, which is also the reason that wild sigoramin fries with relatively uniform specifications are frequently grown in the natural sea area every month. Therefore, the material stopping is started at the first one and two days before fifteen days of the lunar calendar, and the material is carefully and randomly fished out to check the gonad development condition after one day of material stopping, and the specific operations are as follows: fishing out the parent fish, putting the parent fish into a barrel with eugenol anesthetic, wherein the mass concentration of eugenol solution is 150-200 mg/L, carefully grabbing out the water surface after the parent fish completely enters the anesthesia, flatly putting the parent fish on a wetted towel, slightly and forwards extruding the fish belly from the rear end of the belly by using the right hand, according to years of experience, leading male fish to mature in advance under a pond culture environment, stopping extrusion after seeing white semen flowing out from a cloaca after slight extrusion, putting the male fish into the barrel for later use, and providing semen for subsequent artificial insemination; if the faint yellow egg grains flow out of the cloaca after extrusion, the sexual maturity of the female fish is shown, the gonad reaches the maturity of stage V, artificial insemination can be carried out, and the mature female fish is put into a barrel for standby use and is used for subsequent artificial insemination to provide eggs; if no sperm and ovum flows out after light pressing, the gonad development does not reach the V stage, the fish is not mature, the fish is directly induced to mature or the sexual maturity is delayed according to the actual requirement, the parent fish after the induced maturity is put back to the original net cage for feeding, the checking operation is repeated after half a month, the sexually mature male and female parent fish are selected for artificial insemination, and the other parent fish mature in each month are fed, checked and induced to mature according to the operation. The immature male and female fishes detected in the step are respectively fed in different net cages for subsequent artificial breeding, and the process of building a east by male and female fishes is omitted.
Further, the direct ripening is performed by injecting 150 to 200 μ g/kg chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) into the back muscle of the parent fish.
Further, in actual production, it is often necessary to delay sexual maturation and ovulation of parent fish, and it is necessary to delay spawning of parent fish, for example, when there are few orders of fertilized eggs in the month or when a pond and related facilities for self-culture are not ready, etc. According to years of experiments and production experiences, the sexual maturity of siganus oramin is greatly influenced by the culture environment in the early and late stages, namely, the gonads of the siganus oramin cultured in pond algae water grow the fastest, the gonads of the siganus guttulatus cultured in the sea fish raft grow the next time, the gonads of the siganus guttus cultured in an indoor workshop grow the slowest, and the gonads of the siganus guttus cultured in the indoor workshop even slowly degenerate, so that the gonads are lower in development degree than the gonads when the siganus guttus cultured in the first stage to the indoor workshop. Therefore, the practical production can utilize the characteristic to delay the development of the siganus maculatus gonads, and the specific operation is as follows: and (3) transferring the parent fishes which do not reach the maturity of stage V after the parent fishes are inspected in the steps to an offshore net cage or an indoor cement pond for temporary culture for a period of time, wherein the specific length is determined according to the actual requirement on how long the gonads are delayed to develop, and transferring to a pond parent fish reinforced culture net cage for reinforcement and spawning induction when the requirement is met, so that the purpose of delaying sexual maturity is achieved.
While the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood that the above description should not be taken as limiting the invention. Various modifications and alterations to this invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art upon reading the foregoing description. Accordingly, the scope of the invention should be limited only by the attached claims.
Claims (4)
1. A method for breeding siganus oramin parent fish is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, after wild juvenile fishes are trapped in a natural environment, feeding the juvenile fishes in different net cages in the same pond respectively according to trapping months;
s2, maintaining the water quality of the pond water body to be stable, culturing the young fishes for a period of time until the young fishes grow and develop to be mature, feeding the young fishes with the main feed of artificially puffed golden pomfret compound feed when the water temperature is lower than 26 ℃ in the period of culturing the young fishes, changing the artificially puffed golden pomfret compound feed into low-protein puffed grass carp feed and puffed tilapia feed after the water temperature is higher than 26 ℃ in summer, reducing the heat of the feed, preventing common enteritis of siganus oramin when the water temperature is high, and improving the survival rate;
s3, selecting an individual with large individual and good vitality and without hurting the body surface from the sexually mature fish as a parent fish, and checking the maturity of the parent fish;
s4, carrying out artificial spawning induction and insemination on the mature parent fish;
the pond is a cement high-level pond, the water depth of the pond is 3-3.5 m, the pond is used for stocking penaeus monodon, the breeding density is 3-5 ten thousand tails/mu, siganus oramin is stocked in the net cage, and the breeding density is 30 tails/m 3 -50 tails/m 3 ；
The step S3 includes:
step S3.1, stopping feeding the parent fish for one day;
s3.2, carefully fishing mature parent fishes in a pond net cage;
s3.3, anaesthetizing the parent fish and checking the maturity;
said step S3.2 comprises:
s3.21, preparing a barrel containing the eugenol solution with the mass concentration of 150mg/L to 200mg/L, and filling air into the barrel for oxygen supply;
s3.22, fishing the parent fishes for a plurality of times by using a fishing net and putting the parent fishes into a barrel when the water temperature is lower, wherein the fishing quantity does not exceed 5 tails each time;
s3.23, transferring the parent fish to a bucket of a eugenol solution with the mass concentration of 30mg/L to 60mg/L after the parent fish does not respond to external stimulation, and transferring the parent fish to an inspection place;
s3.24, adding natural seawater or a eugenol solution intermittently in the transfer process to adjust the concentration of the eugenol solution in the barrel;
said step S3.3 comprises:
s3.31, fishing out parent fish and transferring the parent fish to a bucket containing a eugenol solution with the mass concentration of 150mg/L to 200 mg/L;
s3.32, after the parent fish is completely anesthetized, the parent fish is horizontally placed on a wet towel;
s3.33, slightly extruding the fish maw forwards from the back end of the belly of the parent fish, observing the condition of an extruded material, judging the maturity and dividing the maturity into mature parent fish and immature parent fish;
and S3.34, directly ripening the immature parent fish or delaying ripening the immature parent fish, and culturing for a period of time, and repeating the step S3 until all the parent fish are ripe.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the period of time for which the juvenile fish is cultured in the pond is at least one year.
3. The method for rearing parent fish of siganus oramin according to claim 1, wherein the direct ripening is ripening by intramuscular injection of chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) to 150 μ g/kg to 200 μ g/kg to the back of parent fish.
4. The method for rearing the siganus oramin parent fish according to claim 3, wherein the delayed ripening is transferring the parent fish to a sea cage or an indoor cement pond for cultivation.
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| CN111149735B (en) * | 2020-01-21 | 2021-07-27 | 中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所深圳试验基地 | Large-scale cultivation method of siganus oramin fry |
| CN112219758B (en) * | 2020-10-19 | 2023-03-31 | 中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所 | Method for controlling sexual maturity of siganus oramin |
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