CN111316940A - A kind of artificial breeding method of pufferfish - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides an artificial breeding method of takifugu obscurus, which comprises the following steps: parent fish source and screening, parent fish intensive cultivation, parent fish spawning induction and artificial incubation; the artificial breeding method of the invention strengthens the nutrition of the parent of the takifugu obscurus, coordinates the technological conditions in temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, pH value, oxygenation power, ammonia nitrogen and nitroso nitrogen, ensures that the parent can mature gonad under the condition of artificial breeding, and obtains a large amount of fertilized eggs for artificial incubation through artificial induced spawning and incubation. The parent fish has high spawning rate, high fertilized egg rate and hatching rate and high newly hatched fry activity, and can meet the requirement of large scale cultivation of takifugu obscurus fry.

Description

A kind of artificial breeding method of pufferfish

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of aquaculture, in particular to an artificial breeding method of pufferfish.

Background technique

Chinese name: Porcupine pufferfish; English name: Porcupine pufferfish; Latin name: Diodon hystrix. Spotted pufferfish are ray-finned fishes, pufferfish, and two-toothed puffer fish. Distributed in subtropical waters of the world's oceans. The type origin of this species is in India. When attacked, it inhales seawater to swell its body into a spherical shape, and erects thorns so that the enemy cannot swallow it. Carnivorous, feeding on benthic animals, poisonous. The pufferfish can grow up to 91 cm in length. The body is short and wide, the mouth is small, and there is a well-developed tooth plate on the upper and lower jaws. Except for the lip and caudal peduncle, it is densely covered with strong spines specialized by scales. The spines are short and the body is dense with small black spots; each fin is short and round, with small black spots, 14 to 17 dorsal fin soft rays, and 14 to 16 anal fin soft rays.

The pufferfish inhabits sandy or gravel waters at a depth of 2 to 30 meters. It swims slowly and often hides in reef caves. When attacked, it will inhale seawater to make its body swell into a spherical shape, and erect thorns so that the enemy cannot swallow it. Carnivorous, feeding on benthic animals.

At present, the pufferfish seen on the market are mainly artificially caught. The meat is fresh and delicious, has high nutritional value, is large in size, has a good market prospect, and has a large breeding development prospect. However, there is no report on the artificial reproduction technology of pufferfish.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In view of this, the present invention proposes an artificial breeding method for pufferfish, which solves the above-mentioned technical problems.

The technical scheme of the present invention is realized in this way: a kind of artificial breeding method of pufferfish, comprising the following steps:

S1. Source and screening of broodstock:

The broodstock of the pufferfish were caught in natural sea areas and obtained by artificial domestication. The pufferfish with a body weight of 3000g or more, a body length of 40cm or more, normal body shape, no injury, no disease and good vitality were selected as the parents;

S2. Intensive breeding of broodstock:

Cultivation density: The volume of the indoor broodstock cultivation pond is 6.0m×6.0m×1.5m, with 2 diagonal inlets and 1 drain outlet, the cultivation density is 80-100 fish/pond, and the male-female ratio is 1:0.5-1;

Water quality requirements: Regularly check temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, pH value, oxygen-enhancing power, ammonia nitrogen, and nitroso nitrogen every day, and keep all water quality indicators of cultivation water in line with the requirements of cultivation conditions, salinity 20-32‰, temperature 26- 30℃, pH 7.5～8.6, dissolved oxygen >5mg/L, feeding in running water, keep water transparency above 50cm, aeration power 1.5～2.5w/m ² , ammonia nitrogen≤0.5mg/L, nitroso nitrogen≤ 0.05mg/L.

Feeding and management: During the intensive cultivation of broodstock, they are fed twice a day at a fixed point and time. Soak 0.5ppm copper sulfate for 12 hours, change the water 100% after 12 hours, and then run the water at a speed of 50-80L/min. Use the medicine for 2 consecutive days each time, and observe the activity of the broodstock every day.

S3, broodstock induced labor:

Examination and judgment of the development of broodstock gonads: After 3 weeks of intensive cultivation of broodstock, select some individuals from the broodstock group for maturity inspection once a week, and select individuals with a bulging upper abdomen and reddish and prominent genital pores. Check it on the top of the fish, and push it from the abdomen of the fish to the direction of the genital hole. Those who can flow out white semen or transparent eggs have already reached sexual maturity.

Artificial induction of labor: ripening and induction of labor according to the degree of gonad development. The drugs used for oxytocin use dione, ovulation-stimulating hormone No. 3, and chorionic gonadotropin. 2.0～5μg/kg, chorionic gonadotropin 600～1000IU/kg, the injection volume of male fish is halved or not injected, the induction time is 15:00～16:00 in the afternoon, and the effect time is 39～49h, artificial induction and natural combined with insemination.

S4. Fertilized egg collection and hatching

After spawning, use an 80-mesh soft sieve to collect fertilized eggs; repeatedly wash the collected fertilized eggs with fresh seawater to remove impurities and dead eggs; put the cleaned fertilized eggs into 1.0 m3 of seawater that has been added. Then add 2ppm formaldehyde for sterilization for 5 minutes. During the sterilization period, the barrel should be continuously inflated; after the sterilization time of the fertilized eggs is up, use an 80-mesh soft net to fish them out in time, and then rinse them with clean sea water after the fertilized eggs are removed. 2 to 3 times, then gently put it into the prepared indoor hatching tank (3.0m×3.0m×1.0m) for incubation, under the conditions of water temperature 26.0～28.0℃, salinity 30.0～32.0, fertilized eggs After about 126 hours, the membrane was hatched, and the total length of the newly hatched larvae was about 3.3 mm. Newly hatched larvae can be transferred to nursery ponds for cultivation.

Further, the incubation conditions are light intensity≤3000lux, water temperature 26.0-28.0°C, salinity 30.0-32.0, pH 7.5-8.6, and dissolved oxygen≥5mg/L.

Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

(1) The artificial breeding method of the present invention optimizes the fresh shrimp and razor clam according to the natural habit of the wild puffer fish, so that the wild broodstock can better adapt to the artificial domestication environment faster and better, and the speed of gonad maturation will be faster than in natural seas.

(2) And from the coordination of temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, pH value, oxygen-enhancing power, ammonia nitrogen, and nitroso nitrogen, the parents can develop and mature gonads under artificial breeding conditions, and artificially induce labor. Incubation, obtaining a large number of fertilized eggs for artificial incubation. The adoption of the invention has high spawning rate of broodstock, high fertilized egg rate and hatching rate of fertilized eggs, good vigor of newly hatched larvae, and can meet the needs of large-scale cultivation of pufferfish fry.

Detailed ways

In order to better understand the technical content of the present invention, specific embodiments are provided below to further illustrate the present invention.

The experimental methods used in the embodiments of the present invention are conventional methods unless otherwise specified.

The materials, reagents, etc. used in the examples of the present invention can be obtained from commercial sources unless otherwise specified.

Example 1

A method for artificial breeding of pufferfish, comprising the following steps:

S1. Source and screening of broodstock:

The broodstock were purchased from fishermen caught in the Xisha waters, and selected individuals with a body mass of 3000g or more, a body length of 40cm or more, normal body shape, no injury, no disease, and good vitality.

S2. Intensive breeding of broodstock:

Cultivation density: The volume of the indoor broodstock cultivation pond is 6.0m×6.0m×1.5m, with 2 diagonal inlets and 1 drain outlet, the cultivation density is 80 fish/pond, and the ratio of male to female is 1:0.5;

Water quality requirements: Regularly check temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, pH value, oxygen-enhancing power, ammonia nitrogen, and nitroso nitrogen every day, and keep all water quality indicators of cultivation water in line with the requirements of cultivation conditions, salinity 20-32‰, temperature 26- 30℃, pH 7.5～8.6, dissolved oxygen >5mg/L, feeding in running water, keep water transparency above 50cm, aeration power 1.5～2.5w/m ² , ammonia nitrogen≤0.5mg/L, nitroso nitrogen≤ 0.05mg/L;

Feeding and management: During the intensive cultivation of broodstock, they are fed twice a day at a fixed point and time. Soak 0.5ppm copper sulfate for 12 hours, change the water 100% after 12 hours, and then run the water at a speed of 50-80L/min. Use the medicine for 2 consecutive days each time, and observe the activity of the broodstock every day.

S3, broodstock induced labor:

Examination and judgment of the development of broodstock gonads: After 3 weeks of intensive cultivation of broodstock, select some individuals from the broodstock group for maturity inspection once a week, and select individuals with a bulging upper abdomen and reddish and prominent genital pores. Check it on the top of the fish, and push it from the abdomen of the fish to the direction of the genital hole. Those who can flow out white semen or transparent eggs have already reached sexual maturity.

Artificial induction of labor: ripening and induction of labor are carried out according to the degree of gonad development. The drugs for oxytocin use dione, ovulatory hormone No. 3, and chorionic gonadotropin. kg, chorionic gonadotropin 600IU/kg, the injection volume of male fish is halved or not injected, the induction time is from 15:00 to 16:00 in the afternoon, and the effect time is 39h.

S4. Fertilized egg collection and hatching

After spawning, use an 80-mesh soft sieve to collect fertilized eggs; repeatedly wash the collected fertilized eggs with fresh seawater to remove impurities and dead eggs; put the cleaned fertilized eggs into 1.0 m3 of seawater that has been added. Then add 2ppm formaldehyde for sterilization for 5 minutes. During the sterilization period, the barrel should be continuously inflated; after the sterilization time of the fertilized eggs is up, use an 80-mesh soft net to fish them out in time, and then rinse them with clean sea water after the fertilized eggs are removed. 2 to 3 times, and then gently put it into the prepared indoor hatching tank (3.0m×3.0m×1.0m) for incubation. The fertilized eggs hatched out of the membrane after 129 hours, and the total length of the newly hatched larvae was about 3.3 mm. Newly hatched larvae can be transferred to nursery ponds for cultivation.

The cultivation conditions of the artificial hatching are: light intensity of 1000 lux, water temperature of 26° C., pH of 7.5, salinity of 30, and dissolved oxygen of 5 mg/L.

Example 2

A method for artificial breeding of pufferfish, comprising the following steps:

S1. Source and screening of broodstock:

The broodstock were purchased from fishermen caught in the Xisha waters, and screened for individuals with a body weight of 3000 g or more, a body length of 40 cm or more, healthy physique, no symptoms and no trauma.

S2. Intensive breeding of broodstock:

Cultivation density: The volume of the indoor broodstock cultivation pond is 6.0m×6.0m×1.5m, with 2 diagonal inlets and 1 drain outlet, the cultivation density is 100 fish/pond, and the ratio of male to female is 1:0.8;

Water quality requirements: Regularly check temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, pH value, oxygen-enhancing power, ammonia nitrogen, and nitroso nitrogen every day, and keep all water quality indicators of cultivation water in line with the requirements of cultivation conditions, salinity 20-32‰, temperature 26- 30℃, pH 7.5～8.6, dissolved oxygen >5mg/L, feeding in running water, keep water transparency above 50cm, aeration power 1.5～2.5w/m ² , ammonia nitrogen≤0.5mg/L, nitroso nitrogen≤ 0.05mg/L;

Feeding and management: During the intensive cultivation of broodstock, they are fed twice a day at a fixed point and time. Soak 0.5ppm copper sulfate for 12 hours, change the water 100% after 12 hours, and then run the water at a speed of 50-80L/min. Use the medicine for 2 consecutive days each time, and observe the activity of the broodstock every day.

S3, broodstock induced labor:

Examination and judgment of the development of broodstock gonads: After 3 weeks of intensive cultivation of broodstock, select some individuals from the broodstock group for maturity inspection once a week, and select individuals with a bulging upper abdomen and reddish and prominent genital pores. Check it on the top of the fish, and push it from the abdomen of the fish to the direction of the genital hole. Those who can flow out white semen or transparent eggs have already reached sexual maturity.

Artificial induction of labor: ripening and induction of labor are carried out according to the degree of gonad development. The drugs for oxytocin use dione, ovulatory hormone No. 3, and chorionic gonadotropin. kg, chorionic gonadotropin 1000IU/kg, the injection volume of male fish is halved or not injected, the induction time is from 15:00 to 16:00 in the afternoon, and the effect time is 49h.

S4. Fertilized egg collection and hatching:

After spawning, use an 80-mesh soft sieve to collect fertilized eggs; repeatedly wash the collected fertilized eggs with fresh seawater to remove impurities and dead eggs; put the cleaned fertilized eggs into 1.0 m3 of seawater that has been added. Then add 2ppm formaldehyde for sterilization for 5 minutes. During the sterilization period, the barrel should be continuously inflated; after the sterilization time of the fertilized eggs is up, use an 80-mesh soft net to fish them out in time, and then rinse them with clean sea water after the fertilized eggs are removed. 2 to 3 times, and then gently put it into the prepared indoor hatching tank (3.0m×3.0m×1.0m) for incubation. The fertilized eggs hatch out of the membrane after 120 hours, and the total length of the newly hatched larvae is about 3.3 mm. Newly hatched larvae can be transferred to nursery ponds for cultivation.

The artificial incubation conditions are: light intensity of 3000 lux, water temperature of 28° C., pH of 8.4, salinity of 32, and dissolved oxygen of 6 mg/L.

Example 3

A method for artificial breeding of pufferfish, comprising the following steps:

S1. Source and screening of broodstock:

The broodstock were purchased from fishermen caught in the Xisha waters, and screened for individuals with a body weight of 3000 g or more, a body length of 40 cm or more, healthy physique, no symptoms and no trauma.

S2. Intensive breeding of broodstock:

Cultivation density: The volume of the indoor broodstock cultivation pond is 6.0m×6.0m×1.5m, with 2 diagonal water inlets and 1 drain outlet, the cultivation density is 80-100 fish/pond, and the ratio of male to female is 1:1;

Water quality requirements: Regularly check temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, pH value, oxygen-enhancing power, ammonia nitrogen, and nitroso nitrogen every day, and keep all water quality indicators of cultivation water in line with the requirements of cultivation conditions, salinity 20-32‰, temperature 26- 30℃, pH 7.5～8.6, dissolved oxygen >5mg/L, feeding in running water, keep water transparency above 50cm, aeration power 1.5～2.5w/m ² , ammonia nitrogen≤0.5mg/L, nitroso nitrogen≤ 0.05mg/L;

Feeding and management: During the intensive cultivation of broodstock, they are fed twice a day at a fixed point and time. Soak 0.5ppm copper sulfate for 12 hours, change the water 100% after 12 hours, and then run the water at a speed of 50-80L/min. Use the medicine for 2 consecutive days each time, and observe the activity of the broodstock every day.

S3, broodstock induced labor:

Examination and judgment of the development of broodstock gonads: After 2 weeks of intensive cultivation of broodstock, select some individuals from the broodstock group for maturity inspection once a week, and select individuals with bulging upper abdomen and reddish and prominent genital pores. Check it on the top of the fish, and push it from the abdomen of the fish to the direction of the genital hole. Those who can flow out white semen or transparent eggs have already reached sexual maturity.

Artificial induction of labor: ripening and induction of labor according to the degree of gonad development. The oxytocin drugs use dione, ovulatory hormone No. 3, and chorionic gonadotropin. /kg, chorionic gonadotropin 800IU/kg, the injection volume of male fish is halved or not injected, the induction time is from 15:00 to 16:00 in the afternoon, and the effect time is 45h.

S4. Fertilized egg collection and hatching:

After spawning, use an 80-mesh soft sieve to collect fertilized eggs; repeatedly wash the collected fertilized eggs with fresh seawater to remove impurities and dead eggs; put the cleaned fertilized eggs into 1.0 m3 of seawater that has been added. Then add 2ppm formaldehyde for sterilization for 5 minutes. During the sterilization period, the barrel should be continuously inflated; after the sterilization time of the fertilized eggs is up, use an 80-mesh soft net to fish them out in time, and then rinse them with clean sea water after the fertilized eggs are removed. 2 to 3 times, and then gently put it into the prepared indoor hatching tank (3.0m×3.0m×1.0m) for incubation. The fertilized egg hatched out of the membrane after 126 hours, and the total length of the newly hatched larvae was about 3.3 mm. Newly hatched larvae can be transferred to nursery ponds for cultivation.

The artificial incubation conditions are: light intensity of 3000 lux, water temperature of 27° C., pH 8.2, salinity of 30, and dissolved oxygen of 7 mg/L.

Comparative Example 1

The difference between this comparative example and Example 3 is that, in the artificial breeding method of the pufferfish, in the step of strengthening the breeding of S2 broodstock, frozen crabs and small trash fish are used as bait.

Comparative Example 2

The difference between this comparative example and Example 3 is that in the artificial breeding method of the pufferfish, in S4 artificial incubation, the light intensity is 3500 lux, the water temperature is 32 ° C, the pH is 8.8, the salinity is 32, and the dissolved oxygen is 4 mg/L.

Outcome determination

In the present invention, the hatching rate, survival rate and other indicators of the fry obtained in the above-mentioned Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-2 were counted, and the results are shown in Table 1.

group Fertilization rate (%) Hatching rate (%) Example 1 70 80 Example 2 72 83 Example 3 76 87 Comparative Example 1 50 70 Comparative Example 2 47 71

The artificial breeding method of the pufferfish of the present invention is coordinated with scientifically proportioned bait by adjusting the technological conditions in temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, pH value, oxygen-enhancing power, ammonia nitrogen and nitroso nitrogen. The parent can develop and mature gonads under the condition of artificial breeding, and a large number of fertilized eggs are obtained for artificial hatching through artificial induction and hatching. The adoption of the invention has high spawning rate of broodstock, high fertilized egg rate and hatching rate of fertilized eggs, good vigor of newly hatched larvae, and can meet the needs of large-scale cultivation of pufferfish fry.

The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the scope of the present invention. within the scope of protection.

Claims (5)

1. An artificial breeding method of takifugu obscurus, which is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps: parent fish source and screening, parent fish intensive cultivation, parent fish spawning induction and artificial incubation;

(1) parent fish source and screening

The parent fish of the takifugu obscurus is obtained by artificial domestication after being captured in a natural sea area, and an individual with the body mass of more than 3000g, the body length of more than 40cm, normal body shape, no injury, no disease and good activity is selected as a parent;

(2) intensive cultivation of parent fish

Feeding the parent fish twice at fixed time at fixed points every day during intensive cultivation of the parent fish, wherein baits are fresh and live shrimps and razor clams, the parent fish is fed after being saturated, water and dirt are changed and absorbed every day at 16:00 pm, the parent fish is soaked for 12 hours by 0.5ppm of copper sulfate every 7 days, water is changed for 100 percent after 12 hours, then the parent fish flows at the speed of 50-80L/min, and medicines are continuously used for 2 days; observing the activity condition of the parent fish every day, wherein the temperature of parent fish culture water is 26-30 ℃, the pH value is 7.5-8.6, and the dissolved oxygen is kept to be more than 5 mg/L;

(3) spawning induction of parent fish

Checking and judging the parent fish gonad development degree: after intensive cultivation of parent fish for 3 weeks, selecting partial individuals from parent fish groups every week for maturity inspection, selecting the individuals with raised abdomen and reddish and protruded genital pore, inspecting on an operation platform, pushing from the abdomen to the genital pore by hand to allow white semen or transparent egg grains to flow out to reach sexual maturity,

artificial hastening parturition: ripening and hastening parturition according to the gonad development degree, wherein the hastening parturition medicines comprise diosdone, ovulation-promoting hormone No. 3 and chorionic gonadotropin, the hastening parturition time is 15: 00-16: 00, and the effect time is 39-49 h;

(4) fertilized egg collection and incubation

After spawning, collecting fertilized eggs by using a soft bolting silk net of 80 meshes; repeatedly cleaning the collected fertilized eggs with fresh seawater and removing impurities and dead eggs; putting the clean fertilized eggs into the fertilized eggs added with 1.0m³Adding 2ppm formaldehyde into a seawater bucket for sterilization for 5 minutes, continuously inflating the bucket during sterilization, fishing fertilized eggs out in time by using a soft net of 80 meshes after sterilization, flushing the fertilized eggs for 2-3 times by using clean seawater after fishing out, then putting the fertilized eggs into an indoor hatching pond with the volume of 3.0m × 3.0.0 m × 1.0.0 m for hatching, hatching the fertilized eggs to form a membrane after hatching for about 126 hours under the conditions that the water temperature is 26.0-28.0 ℃ and the salinity is 30.0-32.0, wherein the total length of the newly hatched fries is about 3.3mm, and the newly hatched fries can be transferred into a seedling raising pond for cultivation.

2. The artificial breeding method of takifugu obscurus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the artificial breeding method comprises the following steps:

and (3) intensive cultivation of the parent fish:

the cultivation density is that the volume of an indoor parent fish cultivation pool is 6.0m × 6.0.0 m × 1.5.5 m, 2 diagonal water inlets and 1 drainage outlet are arranged, the cultivation density is 80-100 fish/pool, and the ratio of male and female is 1: 0.5-1;

the water quality requirement is as follows: regularly detecting temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, pH value, oxygenation power, ammonia nitrogen and nitroso nitrogen every day, keeping various water quality indexes of the water for cultivation to meet the requirements of cultivation conditions, wherein the salinity is 20-32 per mill, the temperature is 26-30 ℃, the pH is 7.5-8.6, and the dissolved oxygen is kept>5mg/L, requiring running water for breeding, keeping the water transparency above 50cm, and increasing the oxygen power by 1.5-2.5 w/m²The ammonia nitrogen is less than or equal to 0.5mg/L, and the nitroso nitrogen is less than or equal to 0.05 mg/L;

feeding management: feeding the parent fish twice at fixed time at fixed points every day during intensive cultivation of the parent fish, wherein baits are fresh and live shrimps and razor clams, the parent fish is fed after being saturated, water and dirt are changed and absorbed every day at about 16:00 pm, the parent fish is soaked for 12 hours by 0.5ppm of copper sulfate every 7 days, water is changed for 100 percent after 12 hours, then the parent fish flows at the speed of 50-80L/min, and medicines are continuously used for 2 days each time; the activity of the parent fish was observed every day.

3. The artificial breeding method of takifugu obscurus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the artificial breeding method comprises the following steps: the bait feeding amount in the parent fish intensive cultivation is 2.0-3.0% of the weight of the parent fish.

4. The artificial breeding method of takifugu obscurus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the artificial breeding method comprises the following steps: the spawning induction of the parent fish: and (3) injecting oxytocin, wherein the oxytocin comprises diosdone, ovulation-promoting hormone No. 3 and chorionic gonadotropin, the injection dosage is 1-2.5 mg/kg of diosdone, 2.0-5 mu g/kg of ovulation-promoting hormone No. 3 and 600-1000 IU/kg of chorionic gonadotropin, and the injection dosage of male fish is halved or not injected according to parent fish.

5. The artificial breeding method of takifugu obscurus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the artificial breeding method comprises the following steps: the incubation conditions comprise that the illumination intensity is less than or equal to 3000lux, the water temperature is 26.0-28.0 ℃, the salinity is 30.0-32.0, the pH is 7.5-8.6, and the dissolved oxygen is more than or equal to 5 mg/L.