CN109819913A - A kind of artificial breeding method of Porcupinefiss - Google Patents
A kind of artificial breeding method of Porcupinefiss Download PDFInfo
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- CN109819913A CN109819913A CN201910230048.4A CN201910230048A CN109819913A CN 109819913 A CN109819913 A CN 109819913A CN 201910230048 A CN201910230048 A CN 201910230048A CN 109819913 A CN109819913 A CN 109819913A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
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- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of artificial breeding method of Porcupinefiss, comprising the following steps: parent population source and screening, parent population reinforced cultivating, parent population hasten parturition, artificial breeding；Artificial breeding method of the invention carries out food nutrition reinforcing to Porcupinefiss parent; and from the matching coordinative of the process conditions in temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, pH value, oxygenation power, ammonia nitrogen, nitroso nitrogen; enable parent's gonadal maturation under conditions of artificial breeding; hatched by artificial induced spawning; so that the hatching rate of parent is higher; the prelarva hatched using the present invention; growth is fast, nutrition is balanced; immunity is strong, dressed fish is high, survival rate is high; Porcupinefiss seed can be cultivated on a large scale, meet the needs of large-scale cultivation.And by three sections of period artificial breedings, the delicate flavour of wild Porcupinefiss is remained with, there is unique quality, flavor and nutrition abundant, economic benefit and ecological benefits are significantly improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to aquatic products Cultivating techniques field, in particular to a kind of artificial breeding method of Porcupinefiss.
Background technique
Chinese name: Porcupinefiss；English name: Porcupine pufferfish；Classification system: Diodon hystrix.
Porcupinefiss (Diodon hystrix) is spoke fin net-rope, Tetraodontiformes, one kind of two tooth Molidaes.The sub- heat in each ocean in the distribution whole world
Band sea area.The type locality of the species is in India.Seawater can be sucked when under attack makes body bulging at spherical shape, and holds up spine
Thorn makes enemy that can not eat.It is carnivorous, it is toxic using zoobenthos as staple food.Porcupinefiss body is long up to 91 centimetres.The short width of body,
Mouth is small, nods one piece of flourishing tooth plate of each tool in mouth up and down.The strong spine gathered by scale specialization in addition to lip and caudal peduncle.Quil is short,
Compact part pore with it；Each fin is short and justifies, and has a pore, and 14 to 17 pieces of soft dorsal；14 to 16 pieces of the soft item of anal fin.
Porcupinefiss inhabits sandstone or gravel substrate sea area, and 2 to 30 meters of the depth of water.Swimming rate is slow, often hides in reef
Seawater, which can be sucked, in pit hole cave, when under attack makes body bulging at spherical shape, and holding up quil makes enemy that can not eat.It is carnivorous
Property, using zoobenthos as staple food.
The Porcupinefiss seen currently on the market is based on manually catching.The fish ovaries, liver have it is virulent, from its sexual gland,
The toxin that the intracorporeal organs such as liver extract has high agricultural and medical value, and international market price is expensive；Its skin, spermary
It is substantially nontoxic with muscle, it is Fresh & Tender in Texture it is palatable, nutritive value is high, individual it is larger, market prospects are good, have capacity to earn foreign exchange through exports tool
There is biggish cultivation development prospect.And it is had not been reported in terms of piercing Puffer artificial propagation and seedling-raising technique about spot.
Summary of the invention
For mirror with this, the present invention proposes a kind of artificial breeding method of Porcupinefiss, solves above-mentioned technical problem.
The technical scheme of the present invention is realized as follows: a kind of artificial breeding method of Porcupinefiss, comprising the following steps:
S1, parent population source and screening:
Porcupinefiss parent population is obtained after being captured by natural waters by artificial domestication, and selection 3 more than age, weight 1.0~
1.5kg, figure be normal, without wound, the Porcupinefiss that disease-free, vigor is good as parent.
S2, parent population reinforced cultivating:
Cultivate density: indoor parent fish rearing pool volume is 6.0m × 6.0m × 1.5m, if diagonal water inlet 2, discharge outlet 1
A, 80~100 tails of culture density/pond, female-male proportion is 1:0.5~1；
Water quality management: timing detection daily temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, pH value, oxygenation power, ammonia nitrogen, nitroso nitrogen are kept
Cultivation water items water quality indicator meets breeding condition requirement, and according to variation of water, every 3~5d changes a water, quantity of exchanged water
It is 30~50%, keeps water transparency in 50cm or more；
Temperature: 2 months torrid areas annual October to next years, water temperature are down to 20~25 DEG C from 26~30 DEG C, next year March~5
Month, 26~30 DEG C are risen to from 20~25 DEG C again in mating period, May~September enters mating period, and water temperature maintains 27~30
℃；
Salinity: 30~34；
Dissolved oxygen: >=6mg/L；
PH value: 7.8~8.8；
Oxygenation power: 1.5~2.5w/m2；
Ammonia nitrogen regulation :≤0.5mg/L；
Nitroso nitrogen regulation :≤0.05mg/L；
Flow velocity regulation: water inlet impulse force is adjusted by parent fish pond diagonal line water inlet, water volume flow rate is maintained at 0.8~1.2m3/ h,
It hastens parturition first 2 months and starts to stimulate, wash by water 5h daily, and hasten parturition first 20 days bath 18h daily；
Bait: by following percentage composition at being grouped as: crab 28~33%, clam 18~25%, squid 31~38%,
Vitamin E 0.8~1.2%, vitamin C 1.5~1.8%, allicin drug 0.2~0.5%, 0.6~0.8% and of immune polysaccharide
Surplus eel powder, bait feeding amount is the 2.0%~3.0% of parent population weight in parent population reinforced cultivating, and every morning is fed
Once.
S3, parent population are hastened parturition:
Parent population gonad development degree inspection and judgement: it after being carried out reinforced cultivating 2 weeks to parent population, is chosen from parent fish population weekly
It selects some individuals to carry out the inspection of primary mature degree, selects appearance upper abdomen protuberance, micro- red, the outstanding individual of gonopore is operating
It is checked on platform, is pushed with hand from fish belly portion to gonopore direction, can flow out white sperm or transparent ovum grain already reaches
To sexal maturity.
Artificial induced spawning: being accelerated the ripening according to gonad development degree, hastened parturition, and oxytocic drug uses dioxone, ovulation induction element 3
Number, human chorionic gonadtropin, injection dosage is 1~2.5mg/kg of dioxone, ovulation induction plain No. 3 2.0~5 μ g/kg, chorions
600~1000IU/kg of promoting sexual gland hormone, milter injection volume halve or do not inject, and hasten parturition time 15:00~16:00 in the afternoon, effect
It is 39~49h between seasonable, artificial induced spawning is combined with insemination naturally.
S4, artificial breeding are divided into initial stage, mid-term and later period and bring up:
Initial stage: fertilized eggs volume is to hatch in 3.0m × 3.0m × 1.0m indoor raising of seedling pond, and fertilized eggs throw-in density is
2000~5000/m3, hatch in completion in 84~96 hours.
Mid-term: newly hatched larvae 2~2.5mm of overall length, be open the wheel animalcule fed through strengthening for 1~3 day, artemia nauplii, wheel
Worm density maintains 7~9/mL, artemia nauplii density maintains 3~5/mL；Feed within 4th~15 day ratio be 3~
The Copepods of 5:2~4:2~4, artemia nauplii, cladocera, food density maintain 3~5/mL；15th~20 day, just
Larval is incubated to the postlarva phase, the nauplius of Penaeus Vannmei is fed and the fairy shrimp of 2mm or so, food density maintains
3~5/mL；Start within 20th~35 day to feed the fairy shrimp, eel powder and the feeding of hand fit's particle that ratio is 3:7~9:5~7
Material, gradually increases hand fit's pellet amount with fry growth；35th~45 day, it is developed to young stage, starts to feed artificial
Compound feed is satiated with food and is fed, and excessive bait is cleared up in time, and after the 45th day, fry overall length reaches 2.5cm or more, and juvenile fish becomes
It after the completion of state, is suitable for capturing and transport, carry out intermediate rearing or directly cultivation after removing pond transfer；
Later period: when juvenile fish cement pit cultivation indoors to overall length is 8~10cm, the outdoor high-order pool need to be transferred to and continue to support
Grow, breeding density 1.5~2.0 ten thousand tails/mu, feed hand fit's pellet until form sell, with fish body growth gradually
Increase particulate material partial size, daily inventory is the 3~5% of fry weight.
Further, the breeding condition at the artificial breeding initial stage, intensity of illumination≤3000lux, 25~30 DEG C of water temperature, pH
8.0~8.4, salinity 28~32, dissolved oxygen >=4mg/L.
Further, the breeding condition of the artificial breeding mid-term is water temperature: 25~30 DEG C, pH7.8~8.8, and dissolved oxygen
≥5mg/L。
Further, the breeding condition of the artificial breeding middle and later periods is water temperature: 25~32 DEG C, pH7.8~8.8, and dissolution
Oxygen >=6mg/L.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:
(1) artificial breeding method of the invention forms science to Porcupinefiss parent culture bait raw material, and ingredient collocation is closed
Reason, raw material sources are stablized, and cultivation is easy to use, and phagostimulating effect is fabulous, and allicin drug has solution, sterilization, diseases prevention, the work cured the disease
With promoting wriggling and the secretion of various digestive ferments of stomach and intestine, improve parent fish to the digestibility and utilization of feed, to make production performance
It improves, and the addition of vitamin C, vitamin E, nutrition can be maintained balanced, it is dead that prevention reduces fish disease；
(2) and from the cooperation of the process conditions in temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, pH value, oxygenation power, ammonia nitrogen, nitroso nitrogen it assists
It adjusts, enables parent's gonadal maturation under conditions of artificial breeding, hatched by artificial induced spawning, so that the hatching of parent
Rate is higher, the prelarva hatched using the present invention, and growth is fast, nutrition is balanced, and immunity is strong, dressed fish is high, survival rate is high, can
It is large-scale to cultivate Porcupinefiss seed, meet the needs of large-scale cultivation.
(3) pass through initial stage, three sections of mid-term, later period period artificial breedings, regulating and controlling temperature, pH value, illumination, number of days, bait number
Amount, dissolved oxygen etc. are cultivated, meanwhile, and explored on the basis of control poison is with healthy aquaculture technology, it is for Puffer class
It is close to meet ecological requirement, biological characteristics and simulation for biological characteristics, the high-efficiency breeding method of the Porcupinefiss developed
Spot pierces Puffer nature growth-development law, remains with the delicate flavour of wild Porcupinefiss, has unique quality, flavor and battalion abundant
It supports, economic benefit and ecological benefits are significantly improved.
Specific embodiment
In order to be best understood from the technology of the present invention content, specific embodiment is provided below, the present invention is described further.
Experimental method used in the embodiment of the present invention is conventional method unless otherwise specified.
Material used in the embodiment of the present invention, reagent etc., are commercially available unless otherwise specified.
Embodiment 1
A kind of artificial breeding method of Porcupinefiss, comprising the following steps:
S1, parent population source and screening:
Porcupinefiss parent population is obtained after being captured by natural waters by artificial domestication, and selection 3 more than age, weight 1.0~
1.5kg, figure be normal, without wound, the Porcupinefiss that disease-free, vigor is good as parent.
S2, parent population reinforced cultivating:
Cultivate density: indoor parent fish rearing pool volume is 6.0m × 6.0m × 1.5m, if diagonal water inlet 2, discharge outlet 1
It is a, 80 tails of culture density/pond, female-male proportion 1:0.5；
Water quality management: timing detection daily temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, pH value, oxygenation power, ammonia nitrogen, nitroso nitrogen are kept
Cultivation water items water quality indicator meets breeding condition requirement, and according to variation of water, every 3~5d changes a water, quantity of exchanged water
It is 30%, keeps water transparency in 50cm or more；
Temperature: 2 months torrid areas annual October to next years, water temperature are down to 20 DEG C from 26 DEG C, 3~May of next year, in breeding season
Section rises to 26 DEG C from 20 DEG C again, and 5~September enters mating period, and water temperature maintains 27 DEG C；
Salinity: 30；
Dissolved oxygen: 6mg/L；
PH value: 7.8；
Oxygenation power: 1.5w/m2；
Ammonia nitrogen regulation: 0.1mg/L；
Nitroso nitrogen regulation: 0.01mg/L；
Flow velocity regulation: it is maintained at 0.8m3/ h hastens parturition first 2 months and starts to stimulate, and wash by water 5h daily, hastens parturition first 20 days daily
Wash by water 18h；
Bait: by following percentage composition at being grouped as: crab 28%, clam 18%, squid 31%, vitamin
E0.8%, vitamin C 1.5%, allicin drug 0.2%, immune polysaccharide 0.6% and surplus fish meal, bait in parent population reinforced cultivating
Expect that feeding volume is the 2.0% of parent population weight, every morning feed once,
S3, parent population are hastened parturition:
Parent population gonad development degree inspection and judgement: it after being carried out reinforced cultivating 2 weeks to parent population, is chosen from parent fish population weekly
It selects some individuals to carry out the inspection of primary mature degree, selects appearance upper abdomen protuberance, micro- red, the outstanding individual of gonopore is operating
It is checked on platform, is pushed with hand from fish belly portion to gonopore direction, can flow out white sperm or transparent ovum grain already reaches
To sexal maturity.
Artificial induced spawning: being accelerated the ripening according to gonad development degree, hastened parturition, and oxytocic drug uses dioxone, ovulation induction element 3
Number, human chorionic gonadtropin, injection dosage is dioxone 1mg/kg, No. 3 2.0 μ g/kg of ovulation induction element, chorionic gonadotrophin are sharp
Plain 600IU/kg, milter injection volume halve or do not inject, and hasten parturition time 15:00~16:00 in the afternoon, Effect time 39h, people
Work is hastened parturition to be combined with insemination naturally.
S4, artificial breeding are divided into initial stage, mid-term and later period and bring up:
Initial stage: fertilized eggs volume is to hatch in 3.0m × 3.0m × 1.0m indoor raising of seedling pond, and fertilized eggs throw-in density is
2000/m3, complete to hatch in 84h.
Mid-term: newly hatched larvae 2~2.5mm of overall length, be open the wheel animalcule fed through strengthening for 1~3 day, artemia nauplii, wheel
Worm density maintains 7/mL, artemia nauplii density maintains 3/mL；Feed within 4th~15 day the oar that ratio is 3:2:2
Sufficient class, artemia nauplii, cladocera, food density maintain 3/mL；15th~20 day, newly hatched larvae was developed to postlarva
Phase, the nauplius of Penaeus Vannmei and the fairy shrimp of 2mm or so are fed, food density maintains 3/mL；20th~35
It starts to feed fairy shrimp, eel powder and the hand fit's pellet that ratio is 3:7:5, gradually increases manually with fry growth
Compound feed amount；35th~45 day, it is developed to young stage, starts to feed hand fit's pellet, be satiated with food and feed, it is excessive
Bait is cleared up in time, and after the 45th day, fry overall length reaches 2.5cm or more, after the completion of juvenile fish is abnormal, is suitable for capturing and be transported,
Intermediate rearing or directly cultivation are carried out after removing pond transfer；
Later period: juvenile fish is transferred to the outdoor high-order pool and continues to cultivate, put when room cement pit cultivation to overall length is 8~10cm
1.5 ten thousand tails of density/mu is supported, hand fit's pellet is fed and is sold until forming, be gradually increased particulate material with the growth of fish body
Partial size, daily inventory are the 3% of fry weight.
The breeding condition at the artificial breeding initial stage, intensity of illumination 1000lux, 25 DEG C of water temperature, pH8.0, salinity 28, dissolution
Oxygen is 4mg/L.
The breeding condition of the artificial breeding mid-term, 25 DEG C of water temperature, pH7.8, dissolved oxygen 4mg/L.
The breeding condition in the artificial breeding later period, 25 DEG C of water temperature, pH7.8, dissolved oxygen 4mg/L.
Embodiment 2
A kind of artificial breeding method of Porcupinefiss, comprising the following steps:
S1, parent population source and screening: parent population purchase is caught in subtropical seas fisherman, screening physical health, without illness and
The individual of wound.
S2, parent population reinforced cultivating:
Cultivate density: indoor parent fish rearing pool volume is 6.0m × 6.0m × 1.5m, if diagonal water inlet 2, discharge outlet 1
It is a, 100 tails of culture density/pond, female-male proportion 1:1；
Water quality management: timing detection daily temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, pH value, oxygenation power, ammonia nitrogen, nitroso nitrogen are kept
Cultivation water items water quality indicator meets breeding condition requirement, and according to variation of water, every 3~5d changes a water, quantity of exchanged water
It is 50%, keeps water transparency in 50cm or more；
Temperature: 2 months torrid areas annual October to next years, water temperature are down to 25 DEG C from 30 DEG C, 3~May of next year, in breeding season
Section rises to 30 DEG C from 25 DEG C again, and 5~September enters mating period, and water temperature maintains 30 DEG C；
Salinity: 34；
Dissolved oxygen: 8mg/L；
PH value: 8.8；
Oxygenation power: 2.5w/m2；
Ammonia nitrogen regulation: 0.5mg/L；
Nitroso nitrogen regulation: 0.05mg/L；
Flow velocity regulation: water inlet impulse force is adjusted by parent fish pond diagonal line water inlet, water volume flow rate is maintained at 1.2m3/ h, hastens parturition
Start to stimulate within first 2 months, wash by water 5h daily, and hasten parturition first 20 days bath 18h daily；
Bait: by following percentage composition at being grouped as: crab 33%, clam 25%, squid 38%, vitamin
E1.2%, vitamin C 1.8%, allicin drug 0.5%, immune polysaccharide 0.8% and surplus fish meal, bait in parent population reinforced cultivating
Expect that feeding volume is the 3.0% of parent population weight, every morning feed once,
S3, parent population are hastened parturition:
Parent population gonad development degree inspection and judgement: it after being carried out reinforced cultivating 2 weeks to parent population, is chosen from parent fish population weekly
It selects some individuals to carry out the inspection of primary mature degree, selects appearance upper abdomen protuberance, micro- red, the outstanding individual of gonopore is operating
It is checked on platform, is pushed with hand from fish belly portion to gonopore direction, can flow out white sperm or transparent ovum grain already reaches
To sexal maturity.
Artificial induced spawning: being accelerated the ripening according to gonad development degree, hastened parturition, and oxytocic drug uses dioxone, ovulation induction element 3
Number, human chorionic gonadtropin, injection dosage is dioxone 2.5mg/kg, No. 35 μ g/kg of ovulation induction element, chorionic gonadotrophin are sharp
Plain 1000IU/kg, milter injection volume halve or do not inject, and hasten parturition time 15:00~16:00, Effect time 49h in the afternoon,
Artificial induced spawning is combined with insemination naturally.
S4, artificial breeding are divided into initial stage, mid-term and later period and bring up:
Initial stage: fertilized eggs volume is to hatch in 3.0m × 3.0m × 1.0m indoor raising of seedling pond, and fertilized eggs throw-in density is
5000/m3, the intensity of illumination of incubation condition incubation condition is 3000lux, 30 DEG C of water temperature, and salinity 32, pH8.4 is small by 96
When complete hatching.
Mid-term: newly hatched larvae 2~2.5mm of overall length, be open the wheel animalcule fed through strengthening for 1~3 day, artemia nauplii, wheel
Worm density maintains 9/mL, artemia nauplii density maintains 5/mL；Feed within 4th~15 day the oar that ratio is 5:4:4
Sufficient class, artemia nauplii, cladocera, food density maintain 5/mL；15th~20 day, newly hatched larvae was developed to postlarva
Phase, the nauplius of Penaeus Vannmei and the fairy shrimp of 2mm or so are fed, food density maintains 5/mL；20th~35
It starts to feed fairy shrimp, eel powder and the hand fit's pellet that ratio is 3:9:7, gradually increases manually with fry growth
Compound feed amount；35th~45 day, it is developed to young stage, starts to feed hand fit's pellet, be satiated with food and feed, it is excessive
Bait is cleared up in time, and after the 45th day, fry overall length reaches 2.5cm or more, after the completion of juvenile fish is abnormal, is suitable for capturing and be transported,
Intermediate rearing or directly cultivation are carried out after removing pond transfer；
Later period: juvenile fish is transferred to the outdoor high-order pool and continues to cultivate, put when room cement pit cultivation to overall length is 8~10cm
2.0 ten thousand tails of density/mu is supported, hand fit's pellet is fed and is sold until forming, be gradually increased particulate material with the growth of fish body
Partial size, daily inventory are the 5% of fry weight.
The breeding condition at the artificial breeding initial stage, intensity of illumination 3000lux, 30 DEG C of water temperature, pH 8.4, salinity 32 is molten
Solution oxygen is 6mg/L.
The breeding condition of the artificial breeding mid-term is water temperature: 30 DEG C, pH8.8, dissolved oxygen 7mg/L.
The breeding condition of the artificial breeding middle and later periods is water temperature: 32 DEG C, pH8.8, dissolved oxygen 7mg/L.
Embodiment 3
A kind of artificial breeding method of Porcupinefiss, comprising the following steps:
S1, parent population source and screening: parent population purchase is caught in subtropical seas fisherman, screening physical health, without illness and
The individual of wound.
S2, parent population reinforced cultivating:
Cultivate density: indoor parent fish rearing pool volume is 6.0m × 6.0m × 1.5m, if diagonal water inlet 2, discharge outlet 1
It is a, 80~100 tails of culture density/pond, female-male proportion 1:0.8；
Water quality management: timing detection daily temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, pH value, oxygenation power, ammonia nitrogen, nitroso nitrogen are kept
Cultivation water items water quality indicator meets breeding condition requirement, and according to variation of water, every 3~5d changes a water, quantity of exchanged water
It is 40%, keeps water transparency in 50cm or more；
Temperature: 2 months torrid areas annual October to next years, water temperature are down to 23 DEG C from 28 DEG C, 3~May of next year, in breeding season
Section rises to 28 DEG C from 23 DEG C again, and 5~September enters mating period, and water temperature maintains 28 DEG C；
Salinity: 32；
Dissolved oxygen: 7mg/L；
PH value: 8.3；
Oxygenation power: 2w/m2；
Ammonia nitrogen regulation: 0.3mg/L；
Nitroso nitrogen regulation: 0.03mg/L；
Flow velocity regulation: water inlet impulse force is adjusted by parent fish pond diagonal line water inlet, water volume flow rate is maintained at 1m3/ h, 2 before hastening parturition
Start to stimulate within a month, wash by water 5h daily, and hasten parturition first 20 days bath 18h daily
Bait: by following percentage composition at being grouped as: crab 30%, clam 20%, squid 35%, vitamin e1 %,
Vitamin C 1.7%, allicin drug 0.3%, immune polysaccharide 0.7% and surplus fish meal, bait feeding amount in parent population reinforced cultivating
It is the 2.5% of parent population weight, every morning feed once,
S3, parent population are hastened parturition:
Parent population gonad development degree inspection and judgement: it after being carried out reinforced cultivating 2 weeks to parent population, is chosen from parent fish population weekly
It selects some individuals to carry out the inspection of primary mature degree, selects appearance upper abdomen protuberance, micro- red, the outstanding individual of gonopore is operating
It is checked on platform, is pushed with hand from fish belly portion to gonopore direction, can flow out white sperm or transparent ovum grain already reaches
To sexal maturity.
Artificial induced spawning: being accelerated the ripening according to gonad development degree, hastened parturition, and oxytocic drug uses dioxone, ovulation induction element 3
Number, human chorionic gonadtropin, injection dosage is dioxone 2.0mg/kg, ovulation induction plain No. 3 3.5 μ g/kg, chorionic gonadotrophins
Hormone 800IU/kg, milter injection volume halve or do not inject, and hasten parturition time 15:00~16:00, Effect time 45h in the afternoon,
Artificial induced spawning is combined with insemination naturally.
S4, artificial breeding are divided into initial stage, mid-term and later period and bring up:
Initial stage: fertilized eggs volume is to hatch in 3.0m × 3.0m × 1.0m indoor raising of seedling pond, and fertilized eggs throw-in density is
3500/m3, hatch in completion in 90 hours.
Mid-term: newly hatched larvae 2~2.5mm of overall length, be open the wheel animalcule fed through strengthening for 1~3 day, artemia nauplii, wheel
Worm density maintains 8/mL, artemia nauplii density maintains 4/mL；Feed within 4th~15 day the oar that ratio is 4:3:3
Sufficient class, artemia nauplii, cladocera, food density maintain 4/mL；15th~20 day, newly hatched larvae was developed to postlarva
Phase, the nauplius of Penaeus Vannmei and the fairy shrimp of 2mm or so are fed, food density maintains 4/mL；20th~35
It starts to feed fairy shrimp, eel powder and the hand fit's pellet that ratio is 3:8:6, gradually increases manually with fry growth
Compound feed amount；35th~45 day, it is developed to young stage, starts to feed hand fit's pellet, be satiated with food and feed, it is excessive
Bait is cleared up in time, and after the 45th day, fry overall length reaches 2.5cm or more, after the completion of juvenile fish is abnormal, is suitable for capturing and be transported,
Intermediate rearing or directly cultivation are carried out after removing pond transfer；
Later period: juvenile fish need to be transferred to the outdoor high-order pool and continue to cultivate when room cement pit cultivation to overall length is 8~10cm,
1.8 ten thousand tails of breeding density/mu feed hand fit's pellet and sell until forming, are gradually increased particle with the growth of fish body
Expect partial size, daily inventory is the 4% of fry weight.
The breeding condition at the artificial breeding initial stage, intensity of illumination 2000lux, 28 DEG C of water temperature, pH8.2, salinity 30, dissolution
Oxygen is 5mg/L.
The breeding condition of the artificial breeding mid-term, 27 DEG C of water temperature, pH 8.0, dissolved oxygen 6mg/L.
The breeding condition of the artificial breeding middle and later periods, 30 DEG C of water temperature, pH 8.0, dissolved oxygen 6mg/L.
Comparative example 1
This comparative example is that a kind of artificial breeding method of Porcupinefiss strengthens in S2 parent population with the difference of embodiment 3
In incubation step, with the single extensive aquaculture model of Porcupinefiss.
Comparative example 2
This comparative example is distinguished with embodiment 3 to be, a kind of artificial breeding method of Porcupinefiss, in S4 artificial breeding
In, mode is brought up using contemporaneity, outdoor ponds breeding density is 1.8 ten thousand tails/mu, feed hand fit's pellet until
Sale is formed, is gradually increased particulate material partial size with the growth of fish body, daily inventory is the 4% of fry weight.
As a result it measures
Hatching rate of the present invention to above-described embodiment 1~3 and the obtained Porcupinefiss fry of comparative example 1~2, survival rate
Etc. indexs counted, the results are shown in Table 1.
The artificial breeding method of a kind of Porcupinefiss of the invention, from regulating and controlling temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, pH value, oxygenation function
Rate, ammonia nitrogen, the process conditions in nitroso nitrogen and scientific matching bait matching coordinative, enable parent in artificial breeding
Under the conditions of gonadal maturation, hatched by artificial induced spawning, so that the hatching rate of parent reaches 80% or more, incubated using the present invention
The prelarva dissolved, growth is fast, nutrition is balanced, and immunity is strong, dressed fish is high, survival rate is 90% or more, can train on a large scale
Porcupinefiss seed is educated, the needs of large-scale cultivation are met, economic benefit and ecological benefits are significantly improved.
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, all in essence of the invention
Within mind and principle, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and so on be should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of artificial breeding method of Porcupinefiss, it is characterised in that: the following steps are included: parent population source and screening, parent population
Reinforced cultivating, parent population hasten parturition, artificial breeding,
(1) parent population source and screening
Porcupinefiss parent population is obtained after being captured by natural waters by artificial domestication, and selection 3 more than age, weight 1.0~
1.5kg, figure be normal, without wound, the Porcupinefiss that disease-free, vigor is good as parent；
(2) parent population reinforced cultivating
Bait is by following percentage composition at being grouped as: crab 28~33%, clam 18~25%, squid 31~38%, dimension are given birth to
Plain E0.8~1.2%, vitamin C 1.5~1.8%, allicin drug 0.2~0.5%, immune polysaccharide 0.6~0.8% and surplus
Eel powder, every morning feed primary；
(3) parent population is hastened parturition
Parent population gonad development degree inspection and judgement: after carrying out reinforced cultivating 2 weeks to parent population, portion is selected from parent fish population weekly
Divide individual to carry out the inspection of primary mature degree, selects appearance upper abdomen protuberance, micro- red, the outstanding individual of gonopore, in operating platform
On checked, with hand from fish belly portion to gonopore direction push, can flow out white sperm or transparent ovum grain both having reached property
Maturation,
Artificial induced spawning: being accelerated the ripening according to gonad development degree, hastened parturition, and oxytocic drug uses dioxone, ovulation induction plain No. 3, suede
Chorionic Gonadotropin, the time of hastening parturition is in 15:00~16:00,39~49h of Effect time；
(4) artificial breeding is divided into initial stage, mid-term and later period and brings up
Initial stage: fertilized eggs are to hatch in 3.0m × 3.0m × 1.0m indoor raising of seedling pond in volume, and fertilized eggs throw-in density is
2000~5000/m3, it completes to hatch in 84~96h,
Mid-term: newly hatched larvae 2~2.5mm of overall length, be open the wheel animalcule fed through strengthening for 1~3 day, artemia nauplii, and wheel animalcule is close
Degree maintains 7~9/mL, artemia nauplii density maintains 3~5/mL；Feed within 4th~15 day ratio be 3~5:2~
The Copepods of 4:2~4, artemia nauplii, cladocera, food density maintain 3~5/mL；15th~20 day, just incubate son
Fish is developed to the postlarva phase, feeds the nauplius of Penaeus Vannmei and the fairy shrimp of 2mm or so, food density maintain 3~5
A/mL；Start within 20th~35 day to feed fairy shrimp, eel powder and the hand fit's pellet that ratio is 3:7~9:5~7, with
Fry growth gradually increases hand fit's pellet amount；35th~45 day, it is developed to young stage, starts to feed hand fit
Grain feed, is satiated with food and feeds, and excessive bait is cleared up in time, and after the 45th day, fry overall length reaches 2.5cm or more, and juvenile fish metamorphosis is completed
Afterwards, it is suitable for capturing and transport, carry out intermediate rearing or directly cultivation after removing pond transfer；
Later period: when juvenile fish cement pit cultivation indoors to overall length is 8~10cm, the outdoor high-order pool need to be transferred to and continue to cultivate, put
1.5~2.0 ten thousand tails of density/mu is supported, hand fit's pellet is fed and is sold until forming, is gradually increased with the growth of fish body
Pellet partial size, daily inventory are the 3~5% of fry weight.
2. a kind of artificial breeding method of Porcupinefiss as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that:
The parent population reinforced cultivating:
Cultivate density: indoor parent fish rearing pool volume is 6.0m × 6.0m × 1.5m, if diagonal water inlet 2, discharge outlet 1,
80~100 tails of culture density/pond, female-male proportion are 1:0.5~1；
Water quality management: timing detection daily temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, pH value, oxygenation power, ammonia nitrogen, nitroso nitrogen keep cultivating
Meet breeding condition requirement with water items water quality indicator, according to variation of water, every 3~5d changes a water, quantity of exchanged water 30
~50%, keep water transparency in 50cm or more；
Temperature: 2 months torrid areas annual October to next years, water temperature are down to 20~25 DEG C from 26~30 DEG C, 3~May of next year, numerous
Grow season rises to 26~30 DEG C from 20~25 DEG C again, and 5~September enters mating period, and water temperature maintains 27~30 DEG C；
Salinity: 30~34；
Dissolved oxygen: >=6mg/L；
PH:7.8~8.8；
Oxygenation power: 1.5~2.5w/m2；
Ammonia nitrogen regulation :≤0.5mg/L；
The regulation of nitroso nitrogen: it is maintained at≤0.05mg/L；
Flow velocity regulation: water inlet impulse force is adjusted by parent fish pond diagonal line water inlet, water volume flow rate is maintained at 0.8~1.2m3/ h, hastens parturition
Start to stimulate within first 2 months, daily flowing water 5h, hasten parturition first 20 days daily flowing water 18h.
3. a kind of artificial breeding method of Porcupinefiss as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: the parent population reinforced cultivating
Middle bait feeding amount is the 2.0%~3.0% of parent population weight.
4. a kind of artificial breeding method of Porcupinefiss as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: the parent population is hastened parturition: note
Oxytocic hormone is penetrated, oxytocic drug includes dioxone, ovulation induction plain No. 3, human chorionic gonadtropin, and injection dosage is dioxone 1
~2.5mg/kg, ovulation induction element No. 3 2.0~5 μ g/kg, 600~1000IU/kg of human chorionic gonadtropin, milter injection volume view
Parent population halves or does not inject, and artificial induced spawning is combined with insemination naturally.
5. a kind of artificial breeding method of Porcupinefiss as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: the artificial breeding initial stage
Breeding condition be intensity of illumination≤3000lux, 25~30 DEG C of water temperature, pH8.0~8.4, salinity 28~32, dissolved oxygen >=4mg/
L。
6. a kind of artificial breeding method of Porcupinefiss as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: the artificial breeding mid-term
Breeding condition be water temperature: 25~30 DEG C, pH7.8~8.8, dissolved oxygen >=5mg/L.
7. a kind of artificial breeding method of Porcupinefiss as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: after in the artificial breeding
The breeding condition of phase is water temperature: 25~32 DEG C, pH7.8~8.8, and dissolved oxygen >=6mg/L.
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