CN101513173B - Method for ecological acclimation of feeding habits of wild large individual acanthogobius ommaturus - Google Patents
Method for ecological acclimation of feeding habits of wild large individual acanthogobius ommaturus Download PDFInfo
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- CN101513173B CN101513173B CN2008100337024A CN200810033702A CN101513173B CN 101513173 B CN101513173 B CN 101513173B CN 2008100337024 A CN2008100337024 A CN 2008100337024A CN 200810033702 A CN200810033702 A CN 200810033702A CN 101513173 B CN101513173 B CN 101513173B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
The present invention provides a method for the ecological acclimation of the feeding habits of wild large acanthogobius ommaturus and belongs to the acclimation of the feeding habits of acanthogobius ommaturus for making the acanthogobius ommaturus adaptive to artificial compound feed. The method comprises processes concerning environment, fish fry, bait and rearing with different diets, and is characterized in that: 20-centimeter-long and 80-gram health fish individuals are placed in a culture pond and cultured for 6 days without food; the initial temperature of the water in the pond is 16 DEG C, the salinity of the water is 1, the concentration of dissolved oxygen in the water is more than 4mg/ml, and the pH value of the water is 7.0 to 9.0; the environment is kept quiet and vibroacoustic stimulation is given when feeding is carried out; an upper cover of the culture pond shields light, and light simulation is given when feeding is carried out; from the 7th day on, the salinity of the water is 2, the temperature of the water rises at 0.2 DEG C each day, the fish individuals are fed with fresh and alive fingerlings at the same time and place each day; from the 17th day on, the salinity of the water is 3, and minced fresh and alive fingerling blocks are fed; from the 27th day on, the salinity of the water is 4, the feed amount of the fresh and alive fingerling blocks is reduced and artificial compound feed is fed; and from the 42nd day on, the water temperature is 23 DEG C and the salinity of the water is 4. The method is used for the acclimation of the feeding habits of acanthogobius ommaturus.
Description
Technical field:
The present invention relates to the domestication method of a kind of wild big individual fish.
Background technology:
Spot anal spine goby belongs to Perciformes (Perciformes) goby section (Gobiidae), the normal tool one row black patch in side, the thin spot of the second dorsal fin tool, 3 ~ 5 stringer black, bigger blackspot of the normal tool of tail fin base portion, be one of common fish of China's the Changjiang river oral region, at the South Sea, also all there is distribution the East Sea and Huanghai Sea and Bohai Sea.
Wild spot anal spine goby mainly was the life of swimming for long 20 millimeters at body in the past, the young of mainly ingest copepoda and shrimp crab class.Body transfers the end life of dwelling later on to for long 20 millimeters, is food with shrimp seedling, juvenile crab etc.At the Changjiang river oral region, big individual spot anal spine goby is a food with fish such as little goby, pseudorasbora parva and shrimp crab class.According to anatomical documentation, September, main food was small-sized goby, big eye crab, oppossum shrimp and white shrimp etc.Enter after September, prawn significantly rises in the frequency of occurrences that stomach contains in the thing, and very voracious, often finds that stomach contains a tail prawn and many tails small fish are arranged in the thing, even two tail prawns are arranged simultaneously.
Spot anal spine goby has big, the characteristics such as growth is rapid, fine and tender taste of individuality, and economic worth is higher, and the prospect of marketing is better, but carries out about the system research of propagating spot anal spine goby artificially at present.In order to develop these improved seeds of spot anal spine goby, press at present and carry out work such as the propagating artificially of spot anal spine goby, breeding, and a prerequisite that must solve of these work is that wild big individual spot anal spine goby is carried out the indoors artificial domestication, propagate artificially, make it adapt to artifical compound feed, but because spot anal spine goby is the fish of wild big individuality, domestication is a very difficult technical problem of capturing.Do not see at present the report of the artificial domestication of relevant goby.
A lot of famous and precious predacious fishes are developed to the breed new varieties gradually at present, but because its fresh and alive supply of forage difficulty, large-scale intensive culture is restricted, and adopts artificial feed to throw something and feed and can address this problem well.Yet these famous-brand and high-quality fish carry out must carrying out effective domestication before the intensive culture, make it to turn to the artifical compound feed of ingesting by the fresh and alive feed of originally ingesting, and just are convenient to large-scale farming.
General predacious fish domestication method is to select suitable tame and docile food environment; Determine the suitable specification of seed domestication; Select suitable bait of taming and dociling food; Follow suitable tame and docile food process.In tame and docile food process, in fresh food, progressively add manufactured feed, reduce the content of fresh food, perhaps change again and feed the artificial feed that add bait, reduce the content of bait then gradually, the manufactured feed of throwing something and feeding fully at last.Change in the food process in domestication, if method is improper, will directly cause the domestication failure, the fish of the food of taming and dociling are all hungry to death, have influence on productivity effect.
It is reported that the domestication mode of wild Nian parent population is as follows: can set up 2～3 food platforms in the parent fish pond, be convenient to concentrate and throw something and feed, observe the food situation.Incipient stage, the fresh and alive fish of some low values of throwing something and feeding (silver carp, flathead and some wild fisheses) and arrange in pairs or groups some dead fishes and livestock and poultry offcuts.Reduce fresh and alive fish gradually through throwing something and feeding of 2 weeks, strengthen the ratio of dead fish and livestock and poultry offcuts, and the food group that throws something and feeds simultaneously and rub up by fish meal and flour.Feeding volume is adjusted according to the surplus bait of food platform what and variation of water.It is extremely important to tame and docile the food specification in the tame and docile food process of predacious fish, and generally speaking, individuality is more little, and the plasticity of feeding habits is big more, and tame and docile food is easy more, is about 2～4cm as the river Puffer, and zander is about 5cm, and the California perch is 5～6cm, and southern catfish is about 7cm.Individuality is big more, and the feeding habits of fish have become set and have been difficult to domestication.
The feeding habits of wild spot anal spine goby are the fresh foods such as small fish, shrimp of ingesting in the natural water area of entrance of Changjiang River, in order under the indoors artificial condition, to culture, be convenient to carry out researchs such as behavior, breeding, growth, must make it transfer the artifical compound feed of ingesting to, but owing to be wild big individual fish, common domestication method is difficult to make it to change feeding habits.Therefore the predacious fish domestication of wild big individuality is an aquatic products industry difficult point for a long time, commonsense method often is difficult to prove effective, directly causing taming and dociling the food failure, is very important and difficult task so verify the domestication method of wild big individual spot anal spine goby.
Summary of the invention:
The technical issues that need to address of the present invention are that wild big individual spot anal spine goby is carried out the indoors artificial domestication, propagate artificially, make it adapt to artifical compound feed.
Technical scheme of the present invention comprises bait and the tame and docile food process of selecting seed size, tame and docile food environment, the tame and docile food of adjustment being set, it is characterized in that from the wild spot anal spine goby that catches selecting healthy, vigor is better, body length more than the 20cm, the individuality of body weight more than 80g put into and culture the pond, breeding density is every square metre 10 tail, puts into and stops eating earlier 6 days after culturing the pond; Culturing the initial condition of water quality in pond is: water temperature is controlled at 16 ℃, and water salinity is 1, and more than the dissolved oxygen 4mg/ml, pH is 7.0～9.0; Keep the environment peace and quiet in the domestication process, when throwing something and feeding bait, beat the cement pool wall at every turn, ingesting of spot anal spine goby carried out the sonic stimulation domestication; Above the breed pond, add cover plate in the domestication process and carry out lucifuge, when throwing something and feeding bait lid is opened at every turn, increase intensity of illumination, ingesting of spot anal spine goby carried out the light stimulation domestication; Since the 7th day, water salinity was increased to 2, and the 0.2 ℃ of metabolism that improves spot anal spine goby of water temperature that raises every day, improved its digestion rate, each 1 timing of every morning and afternoon fresh and alive small fish of throwing something and feeding; Carry out the domestication of ingesting of timing fixed point during the fresh and alive small fish that ingests, promptly every day, fixedly threw something and fed the time morning and afternoon, and to set up special bait table, this section domestication time be 10 days, and water temperature is increased to 18 ℃ from 16 ℃; Since the 17th day, water salinity is increased to 3, and 0.2 ℃ of metabolism that improves spot anal spine goby of the water temperature that raises every day, the fresh and alive small fish fragment that each 1 timing was thrown something and fed on the bait table of setting up and minced every morning and afternoon, this section domestication time is 10 days, and water temperature is increased to 20 ℃ from 18 ℃; Since the 27th day, water salinity is increased to 4, and 0.2 ℃ of metabolism that improves spot anal spine goby of the water temperature that raises every day, every morning and afternoon, each 1 timing was thrown something and fed on the bait table of setting up, beginning all is the fresh and alive small fish of mincing, then artifical compound feed is ground, be blended in the fresh and alive small fish fragment that minces, reduce fresh and alive small fish fragment every day gradually, increase the artifical compound feed ratio gradually, until the 15th day artifical compound feed of all throwing something and feeding, this section domestication time was 15 days, and water temperature is increased to 23 ℃ from 20 ℃; Since the 42nd day, spot anal spine goby adapted to the artifical compound feed of ingesting fully; Still carry out timing this moment and fix a point to throw something and feed, and still to keep sound and light stimulation, water temperature when throwing something and feeding be 23 ℃ that salinity is 4.
The invention has the advantages that spot anal spine goby is carried out the domestication of ingesting of timing fixed point; Beat the cement pool wall at every turn when throwing something and feeding, ingesting of spot anal spine goby carried out the sonic stimulation domestication; Increase intensity of illumination at every turn when throwing something and feeding, ingesting of spot anal spine goby carried out the light stimulation domestication; The salinity difference in each domestication stage, salinity increases progressively gradually, carries out salinity and stimulates domestication; The water temperature of every day increases progressively gradually during domestication, carries out water temperature and stimulates domestication.By this ecotypic domestication mode, the present invention adopts the resultant stimulus and the reinforcement of ecological factors such as sound, illumination, salinity, temperature, compare with other domestication method, common domestication method does not comprise the content that ecological factor is strengthened, and often causes the domestication failure.The present invention uses ecological approach innovatively, by the stimulation and the reinforcement of ecological factor, emphasizes ecotypic domestication mode, successfully makes the spot anal spine goby of wild big individuality be transformed into the artifical compound feed of ingesting, and the domestication success rate is more than 90%.
Embodiment:
With the wild spot anal spine goby that catch the entrance of Changjiang River, oxygenation is transported back, therefrom selects healthy, the big preferably individuality of vigor, and in general body length is more than 20cm, and body weight is more than 80g.Culture the pond with putting into behind 5/1000000ths the liquor potassic permanganate soaking disinfection, culturing pool area is 1 square metre, and each pond can be put in a suitable place to breed about 10 tails, and spot anal spine goby stopped eating earlier 6 days after putting into and culturing the pond.16 ℃ of culturing pool temperature, salinity are 1, and more than the dissolved oxygen 4mg/ml, pH is 7.0～9.0.Culture the pond and carry out temperature control with heating rod, salinity forms with the running water configuration of sea-water extract and filtration.
In the domestication process, keep the environment peace and quiet, only when throwing something and feeding bait, beat the cement pool wall at every turn, ingesting of spot anal spine goby carried out the sonic stimulation domestication, hear that sound spot anal spine goby will begin trip and begin to ingest to bait table at every turn like this.
Above culturing the pond, add the vinyl cover lucifuge, only when throwing something and feeding bait, lid is opened at every turn, increased intensity of illumination, ingesting of spot anal spine goby carried out the light stimulation domestication, see that illumination strengthens, spot anal spine goby will begin trip and begin to ingest to bait table at every turn like this.
Since the 7th day, water salinity was increased to 2, and the 0.2 ℃ of metabolism that improves spot anal spine goby of water temperature that raises every day, improved its digestion rate, helped to improve its desire of ingesting like this.Every morning 9:00 and afternoon each 1 fresh and alive small fish of throwing something and feeding of 3:00.Carry out the domestication of ingesting of timing fixed point during the fresh and alive small fish that ingests, promptly every day, fixedly threw something and fed the time morning and afternoon, and set up special bait table, and spot anal spine goby can be timed to bait table and ingests like this.This section domestication time is 10 days, and water temperature is increased to 18 ℃ from 16 ℃.
Since the 17th day, water salinity was increased to 3, and the 0.2 ℃ of metabolism that improves spot anal spine goby of water temperature that raises every day, improved its digestion rate, helped to improve its desire of ingesting like this.Every morning 9:00 and fresh and alive small fish fragment that 3:00 respectively threw something and fed on the bait table of setting up and minced for 1 time afternoon.This section domestication time is 10 days, and water temperature is increased to 20 ℃ from 18 ℃.
Since the 27th day, water salinity was increased to 4, and the 0.2 ℃ of metabolism that improves spot anal spine goby of water temperature that raises every day, improved its digestion rate, helped to improve its desire of ingesting like this.Every morning 9:00 and afternoon 3:00 each on the bait table of setting up, throw something and feed for 1 time, beginning all is the fresh and alive small fish of mincing, then artifical compound feed is ground, be blended in the fresh and alive small fish fragment that minces, reduce fresh and alive small fish fragment every day gradually, increase the artifical compound feed ratio gradually, until the 15th day artifical compound feed of all throwing something and feeding.This section domestication time is 15 days, and water temperature is increased to 23 ℃ from 20 ℃.
Since the 42nd day, spot anal spine goby adapted to the artifical compound feed of ingesting fully.Still carry out timing this moment and fix a point to throw something and feed, and still to keep sound and light stimulation, water temperature when throwing something and feeding be 23 ℃ that salinity is 4.
Stimulation and reinforcement through ecological factors such as sound, illumination, salinity, temperature by this ecotypic domestication mode, successfully make the spot anal spine goby of wild big individuality be transformed into the artifical compound feed of ingesting, and the domestication success rate is increased to more than 90%.
Claims (3)
1. the environmental domestication method of wild big individual spot anal spine goby, comprise bait and the tame and docile food process selecting seed size, tame and docile food environment, the tame and docile food of adjustment are set, it is characterized in that from the wild spot anal spine goby that catches selecting healthy, vigor is better, body length more than the 20cm, the individuality of body weight more than 80g put into and culture the pond, breeding density is every square metre 10 tail, puts into and stops eating earlier 6 days after culturing the pond; Culturing the initial condition of water quality in pond is: water temperature is controlled at 16 ℃, and water salinity is 1, and more than the dissolved oxygen 4mg/ml, pH is 7.0～9.0; Keep the environment peace and quiet in the domestication process, when throwing something and feeding bait, beat culturing pool mud sump wall at every turn, ingesting of spot anal spine goby carried out the sonic stimulation domestication; Above the breed pond, add cover plate in the domestication process and carry out lucifuge, when throwing something and feeding bait lid is opened at every turn, increase intensity of illumination, ingesting of spot anal spine goby carried out the light stimulation domestication; Since the 7th day, water salinity was increased to 2, and the 0.2 ℃ of metabolism that improves spot anal spine goby of water temperature that raises every day, improved its digestion rate, each 1 timing of every morning and afternoon fresh and alive small fish of throwing something and feeding; Carry out the domestication of ingesting of timing fixed point during the fresh and alive small fish that ingests, promptly every day, fixedly threw something and fed the time morning and afternoon, and to set up special bait table, this section domestication time be 10 days, and water temperature is increased to 18 ℃ from 16 ℃; Since the 17th day, water salinity is increased to 3, and 0.2 ℃ of metabolism that improves spot anal spine goby of the water temperature that raises every day, the fresh and alive small fish fragment that each 1 timing was thrown something and fed on the bait table of setting up and minced every morning and afternoon, this section domestication time is 10 days, and water temperature is increased to 20 ℃ from 18 ℃; Since the 27th day, water salinity is increased to 4, and 0.2 ℃ of metabolism that improves spot anal spine goby of the water temperature that raises every day, every morning and afternoon, each 1 timing was thrown something and fed on the bait table of setting up, beginning all is the fresh and alive small fish of mincing, then artifical compound feed is ground, be blended in the fresh and alive small fish fragment that minces, reduce fresh and alive small fish fragment every day gradually, increase the artifical compound feed ratio gradually, until the 15th day artifical compound feed of all throwing something and feeding, this section domestication time was 15 days, and water temperature is increased to 23 ℃ from 20 ℃; Since the 42nd day, spot anal spine goby adapted to the artifical compound feed of ingesting fully, still carry out timing this moment and fix a point to throw something and feed, and still to keep sound and light stimulation, water temperature when throwing something and feeding was 23 ℃ that salinity is 4.
2. the environmental domestication method of wild big individual spot anal spine goby according to claim 1, it is characterized in that culturing pool area is 1 square metre, cultures the pond and carries out temperature control with heating rod, the pond salinity water forms with the running water configuration of sea-water extract and filtration.
3. the environmental domestication method of wild big individual spot anal spine goby according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that since the 7th day, every morning and afternoon fixedly the time of throwing something and feeding be every morning 9:00 and afternoon 3:00 each throw something and feed for 1 time.
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| CN103718998B (en) * | 2013-12-18 | 2018-04-27 | 上海市水产研究所 | A kind of method for obtaining Synechogobius ommaturus ecology early-breeding seedlings kind |
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| CN110100771B (en) * | 2019-06-13 | 2021-07-20 | 宁波大学 | Rapid domestication method for young cultured pomfret |
| CN112568153A (en) * | 2020-12-31 | 2021-03-30 | 陈锚 | Organic tail spear goby breeding method |
| CN113812356A (en) * | 2021-10-20 | 2021-12-21 | 中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所 | All-season breeding method of parent fish of eleutheronema tetradactylum |
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