CN104542478A - Imitative ecological breeding and reproduction technology of andrias davidianus - Google Patents
Imitative ecological breeding and reproduction technology of andrias davidianus Download PDFInfo
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- CN104542478A CN104542478A CN201510026783.5A CN201510026783A CN104542478A CN 104542478 A CN104542478 A CN 104542478A CN 201510026783 A CN201510026783 A CN 201510026783A CN 104542478 A CN104542478 A CN 104542478A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New breeds of animals
- A01K67/02—Breeding vertebrates
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of breeding and reproduction of animal, and specifically relates to an imitative ecological breeding and reproduction technology of andrias davidianus. The technology comprises the steps of selecting and breeding parents; controlling water quality and water temperature; artificially spawning and fertilizing; hatching and cultivating; raising and training young andrias davidianus; preventing and controlling diseases. According to the technology, the temperature is remained in 10 to 13 DEG C during selecting and breeding the parents, which promotes the gonad development of the andrias davidianus parents as well as benefiting gonadal maturation; the temperature is closer to the ecological and physiological temperature of andrias davidianus; artificial spawning and artificial fertilizing are combined, namely, artificial fertilizing is performed once spawning is done, and therefore, the motility of sperm and the vitality of oosperm are ensured to the maximum, and as a result, the foundation is created for relatively high hatching rate of the oosperm; with the adoption of the method for breeding andrias davidianus, the yield is more than 90%, the fertility rate is up to 82%, the hatching rate is more than 80%, and the survive rate is up to 99%.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to animal and breed cultural technique field, be specifically related to a kind of giant salamander Ecology propagating and breeding technology.
Background technology
Giant salamander cries the giant salamander again, belongs to national secondary and lays special stress on protecting wildlife.Mainly originate in China giant salamander in the mountain stream river in the Changjiang river, the Yellow River and Zhujiang River middle and upper reaches tributary, especially economize as many with Sichuan, Hubei, Hunan, Guizhou, Shaanxi etc.More giant salamander, in wild environment, is generally liked undderground river, the covering spring of perch and lime rock stratum and has in the hole, mountain stream cave of current.Become salamander mostly to be independent perch and activity, not cluster, be fond of tranquility, keep in dark place, fear sound, happiness clear water, fear muddy water.What giant salamander distribution was maximum is lime rock stratum, and general about the 300 ~ 1500m of height above sea level, reaches as high as 3000m, and weather temperature is cool moistening, and sunshine is few, and cloud and mist is many, and precipitation is abundant, average temperature of the whole year 12 ~ 17 DEG C.The area of giant salamander life, river does not generally freeze, and pH value is everlasting 5 ~ 7.5.Giant salamander sexual maturity is late, and just start first time breeding to six to seven ages in week, giant salamander is oviparity, in vitro fertilization, within 1 year, lays eggs once.Body weight reaches more than 500 grams, under artificial condition, also within more than at least 3 years, will reach commercial specification.Because giant salamander artificial propagation is comparatively difficult, therefore, giant salamander culture is very not general, is only limitted to the minority plant on the ground such as Jiangsu, Hubei, Guangdong.But in recent years, the cultivation of the giant salamander is paid attention to widely, it is very potential famous-particular-excellent breed variety.
Along with the development of society, industry is constantly flourishing, owing to blindly making ecotope suffer to destroy significantly to the pursuit of economic indicator, the ecotope of wild animals and plants there occurs great change, simultaneously due to a large amount of unconfined predation of the mankind, wildlife is caused to become extinct on a large scale.The current whole world 18 plant, 14 mammal, 19 birds, 15 reptile, 14 amphibians, 13 fish all endangered.Giant salamander, as a kind of famous and precious wildlife, has higher economic development value, medical value, ornamental value and scientific research value.Giant salamander meat is tenderly white, flat flavor and delicious, nutritious, and be a kind of famous and precious delicacies, it is regarded as rare tonic on Hong Kong, Taiwan and southeast asian market, ediblely can improve a poor appetite, and strong physique, has special effect to human body qi-restoratives.Per kilogram price is roughly equal to RMB 3600 yuan.Analyze according to relevant expert, giant salamander muscle protein contains 17 seed amino acids, wherein 8 kinds is essential amino acid, total amino acid content, essential amino acids content and nutritive value, all higher than beef and Cervus nippon meat, contain the human body best wrinkle-removal cosmetic thing collagen of 41%-61.3% in giant salamander skin.
In addition, giant salamander to anaemia, cholera, dysentery, epilepsy, blood through etc. illness have significant curative effect, also there is effect of kidney tonifying, strong, blood yiqi.It can promote the DNA biosynthesis of cell, strengthens the immunity of body, improves resistance against diseases.The micromicro of giant salamander makes the medicine for the treatment of and burning; Salamander stomach can be treated children's and to be belched the stomach trouble of food and so on, and bile can antipyretic improving eyesight.Edible giant salamander can effectively prevent and treat anaemia, blood through etc. disease.According to related documents, can extract superantigen PRCA in giant salamander body, it is called " cancer cell specific induction of apoptosis response factor " by WHO.Among the peoplely often mix tung oil treatment with giant salamander skin powder and scald.The mucus of giant salamander skin secretion can prevent leprosy.Therefore to the hand-feeding propagation of giant salamander, there is more important commercial significance and social value.
Summary of the invention
For achieving the above object, improve the fertility of giant salamander and incubation rate, for the economic worth of giant salamander, researching value provide technical support, protect China's amphibian resource simultaneously, the invention provides a kind of giant salamander Ecology propagating and breeding technology.The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of giant salamander Ecology propagating and breeding technology, is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
(1) parent's seed selection: the selection age is 6-10, body weight be the male and female giant salamander of 6-12kg as parent, cold cultivation under temperature is 10-13 DEG C of condition, cultivating process adopts long stream underground water, keeps abundant water, often changes oxygen oxygenation, avoid scaring;
(2) water quality, water temperature control: adopt underground water, keep abundant water, and form running water state, raising temperature remains on 13 DEG C for a long time, remains on 10 DEG C the 1-2 month and carries out cold cultivation;
(3) artificial induced spawning and fertilization: female salamander is hastened parturition before hastening parturition male salamander for 1-3 days, female salamander checks the vigor of sperm in male salamander seminal fluid in 72h after hastening parturition; When female salamander starts have chalaza to discharge, chalaza pull-out is put in ovum box by artificial assistance, the sperm that selection vigor is higher is covered on chalaza, slightly dilution, stirs gently, be sub-packed in incubation plate and hatch, incubation temperature 18-19 DEG C, after insulation 15min, puts into miniflow pond incubation adding oxygen, avoid illumination in hatching process, pH value controls at 7.0-7.5, hatching process rejects the dead ovum of stasi, bad ovum and chalaza in time;
(4) Membrance cuiture is gone out: giant salamander incubating oosperm is after 30 days, observe fertilized egg membrane situation, with scissors, egg membrane is broken to difficult membrane, the giant salamander fry of firm membrane is put into clean, substrate is level and smooth supports dish temporarily and support temporarily and start to throw open-mouthed bait after 4 weeks, increases feeding volume gradually;
(5) young salamander is raised and train: young salamander is positioned in net cage, floats in water, depth of water 3-5cm, takes out and put into young salamander pond and feed, depth of water 5-10cm, water temperature 21-23 DEG C, bait of feeding when young salamander grows to 10-15cm from net cage;
(6) disease prevention and cure: in Giant Salamander Breeding process with copper sulphate and ferrous sulfate in mass ratio micro-5: 2 ratio full pool spilling head 1-2 time, isolate in time during generation pathology and prevent epidemic situation from expanding.
Wherein, in described step (4), artificial induced spawning medicine is HCG and LRH-a, HCG consumption is female salamander 900-1300IU/kg, and male salamander 400-600 IU/kg, LRH-a consumption is female salamander 9-12ug/kg, male salamander 4-6ug/kg.
Wherein, the open-mouthed bait belonging in described step (5) is red line worm, and feeding volume increases gradually according to seedling appetite.
The present invention adopts ecological cultivation method to improve the sperm viability of male giant salamander, frequent ventilating oxygen in parent's breeding process, for giant salamander provides comfortable environmental condition, promotes On The Gonadal Development of Megalobatrachus Davidianus.Maintain the cryogenic conditions of 10-13 DEG C, promote the gonad development of parent giant salamander, be beneficial to the gonad maturity of giant salamander, closer to the ecological physiology temperature of giant salamander under this temperature condition.Adopt artificial induced spawning artificial insemination to combine, carry out artificial insemination immediately after having hastened parturition, ensure that the vigor of sperm and the vitality of fertilized egg largely, the incubation rate higher for fertilized egg lays the foundation.Hatching process strictly controls condition of water quality and temperature, imitates wild survival condition, carries out manual intervention simultaneously, improves the incubation rate of fertilized egg.Adopt propagation technique of the present invention that giant salamander can be made to obtain productive rate and reach more than 90%, fertilization rate can reach 82%, and incubation rate can reach more than 80%, and cultivation survival rate is up to 99%.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention will be further described; it is to be noted that following embodiment is only the indicative explaination that the mode that exemplifies is done the present invention; but protection scope of the present invention is not limited in this, all those skilled in the art all fall into protection scope of the present invention with the replacement of spirit of the present invention to any equivalence that the present invention does.
Embodiment 1
A kind of giant salamander Ecology propagating and breeding technology, comprises the following steps:
(1) parent's seed selection: the selection age is 6-10, body weight be the male and female giant salamander of 6-12kg as parent, cold cultivation under temperature is 13 DEG C of conditions, cultivating process adopts long stream underground water, keeps abundant water, often changes oxygen oxygenation, avoid scaring;
(3) water quality, water temperature control: adopt underground water, keep abundant water, and form running water state, raising temperature remains on 13 DEG C for a long time;
(4) artificial induced spawning and fertilization: be HCG and LRH-a, HCG consumption with artificial induced spawning medicine be female salamander 900IU/kg, male salamander 400 IU/kg, LRH-a consumption is female salamander 9ug/kg, male salamander 4ug/kg.Female salamander is hastened parturition before hastening parturition male salamander for 1-3 days, and female salamander checks the vigor of sperm in male salamander seminal fluid in 72h after hastening parturition; When female salamander starts have chalaza to discharge, chalaza pull-out is put in ovum box by artificial assistance, the sperm that selection vigor is higher is covered on chalaza, slightly dilution, stirs gently, be sub-packed in incubation plate and hatch, incubation temperature 18 DEG C, after insulation 15min, puts into miniflow pond incubation adding oxygen, avoid illumination in hatching process, pH value controls 7.0, hatching process rejects the dead ovum of stasi, bad ovum and chalaza in time.
Giant salamander artificial induced spawning result is as shown in table 1, and wherein in hastened parturition giant salamander, male and female respectively account for 50%.
Under table 1 the present embodiment condition, giant salamander artificial induced spawning obtains productive rate
As shown in Table 1, by above-mentioned cold Cultivating techniques, cultivate under 13 DEG C of conditions and giant salamander can be made to obtain productive rate reach more than 92.78%.
Table 2 is the fertilization situation of ovum in above-mentioned artificial insemination process.
Table 2 the present embodiment giant salamander artificial insemination fertilization rate
As shown in Table 2, above-mentioned Artificial insemination procedures can make the average fertilization rate reached of giant salamander to 82.50%
(5) Membrance cuiture is gone out: giant salamander incubating oosperm is after 30 days, observe fertilized egg membrane situation, the egg membrane of difficult membrane giant salamander is broken with scissors, the giant salamander fry of firm membrane is put into clean, that substrate is level and smooth temporary the supporting of dish of supporting temporarily to start to throw open-mouthed bait after 4 weeks, bait is red line worm, increases red line worm feeding volume gradually according to the appetite of seedling.
Incubation detects giant salamander and to emerge situation, and result is as shown in table 3.
Table 3 the present embodiment artificial culture incubation rate
As shown in Table 3, employing said method hatchability of fertile eggs can up to more than 80%.
(6) young salamander is raised and train: young salamander is positioned in net cage, float in water, depth of water 3cm, takes out and puts into young salamander pond and feed, depth of water 5cm when young salamander grows to 10cm from net cage, water temperature 21 DEG C, to feed bait, for bait, and constantly change food species with fresh and alive fishes and shrimps, muddy flesh, small fish, loach in feeding process, guarantee bait is fresh, keeps water cleaning;
(7) disease prevention and cure: in Giant Salamander Breeding process with copper sulphate and ferrous sulfate in mass ratio micro-5: 2 ratio full pool spilling head 1-2 time, isolate in time during generation pathology and prevent epidemic situation from expanding.
Embodiment 2
A kind of giant salamander Ecology propagating and breeding technology, is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
(1) parent's seed selection: the selection age is 6-10, body weight feeds the male and female giant salamander of 6-12kg as parent, cold cultivation under temperature is 10 DEG C of conditions, and cultivating process adopts long stream underground water, keeps abundant water, often changes oxygen oxygenation, avoid scaring.
(2) place election: select height above sea level 1000m ecosystem mountain forest, build giant salamander growth cave in comparatively No Tooting Area, cave is near ecosystem streams water.
(3) water quality, water temperature control: adopt underground water, keep abundant water, and form running water state, raising temperature remains on 10 DEG C for a long time.
(4) artificial induced spawning: artificial induced spawning medicine is HCG and LRH-a, HCG consumption is female salamander 1300IU/kg, male salamander 600 IU/kg, and LRH-a consumption is female salamander 12ug/kg, male salamander 6ug/kg.Female salamander is hastened parturition before hastening parturition male salamander for 1-3 days, and female salamander checks the vigor of sperm in male salamander seminal fluid in 72h after hastening parturition; When female salamander starts have chalaza to discharge, chalaza pull-out is put in ovum box by artificial assistance, the sperm that selection vigor is higher is covered on chalaza, slightly dilution, stirs gently, be sub-packed in incubation plate and hatch, incubation temperature 18-19 DEG C, after insulation 15min, puts into miniflow pond incubation adding oxygen, avoid illumination in hatching process, pH value controls 7.5, hatching process rejects the dead ovum of stasi, bad ovum and chalaza in time.
Giant salamander artificial induced spawning result is as shown in table 4, and wherein in hastened parturition giant salamander, male and female respectively account for 50%.
Under table 4 the present embodiment condition, giant salamander artificial induced spawning obtains productive rate
As shown in Table 4, under 13 DEG C of conditions, giant salamander artificial induced spawning obtains productive rate up to 89.01%.
Table 2 is the fertilization situation of ovum in above-mentioned artificial insemination process.
Table 5 the present embodiment giant salamander artificial insemination fertilization rate
As shown in Table 5, the giant salamander artificial insemination rate of cultivating under this embodiment condition is up to 84.43%.
(5) Membrance cuiture is gone out: giant salamander incubating oosperm is after 30 days, observe fertilized egg membrane situation, with scissors, egg membrane is broken to difficult membrane, the giant salamander fry of firm membrane is put into clean, substrate is level and smooth supports dish temporarily and support that to start after 4 weeks to throw red line worm be open-mouthed bait temporarily, and increases feeding volume gradually according to seedling appetite.
Table 6 the present embodiment giant salamander incubation rate
As shown in Table 6, the incubation rate of the method giant salamander of the present embodiment is adopted to reach 80.26%.
(6) young salamander is raised and train: young salamander is positioned in net cage, float in water, depth of water 5cm, take out from net cage when young salamander grows to 10-15cm and put into young salamander pond and feed, depth of water 10cm, water temperature 23 DEG C, with fresh and alive fishes and shrimps, muddy flesh, small fish, loach for bait, and constantly food species is changed in feeding process, ensure that bait is fresh, keep water cleaning;
(7) disease prevention and cure: in Giant Salamander Breeding process with copper sulphate and ferrous sulfate in mass ratio micro-5: 2 ratio full pool spilling head 2 times, isolate in time when there is pathology and prevent epidemic situation from expanding.
Claims (3)
1. a giant salamander Ecology propagating and breeding technology, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
(1) parent's seed selection: the selection age is 6-10, body weight be the male and female giant salamander of 6-12kg as parent, cold cultivation under temperature is 10-13 DEG C of condition, cultivating process adopts long stream underground water, keeps abundant water, often changes oxygen oxygenation, avoid scaring;
(2) water quality, water temperature control: adopt underground water, keep abundant water, and form running water state, raising temperature remains on 13 DEG C for a long time, remains on 10 DEG C the 1-2 month and carries out cold cultivation;
(3) artificial induced spawning and fertilization: female salamander is hastened parturition before hastening parturition male salamander for 1-3 days, female salamander checks the vigor of sperm in male salamander seminal fluid in 72h after hastening parturition; When female salamander starts have chalaza to discharge, chalaza pull-out is put in ovum box by artificial assistance, the sperm that selection vigor is higher is covered on chalaza, slightly dilution, stirs gently, be sub-packed in incubation plate and hatch, incubation temperature 18-19 DEG C, after insulation 15min, puts into miniflow pond incubation adding oxygen, avoid illumination in hatching process, pH value controls at 7.0-7.5, hatching process rejects the dead ovum of stasi, bad ovum and chalaza in time;
(4) Membrance cuiture is gone out: giant salamander incubating oosperm is after 30 days, observe fertilized egg membrane situation, with scissors, egg membrane is broken to difficult membrane, the giant salamander fry of firm membrane is put into clean, substrate is level and smooth supports dish temporarily and support temporarily and start to throw open-mouthed bait after 4 weeks, increases feeding volume gradually;
(5) young salamander is raised and train: young salamander is positioned in net cage, floats in water, depth of water 3-5cm, takes out and put into young salamander pond and feed, depth of water 5-10cm, water temperature 21-23 DEG C, bait of feeding when young salamander grows to 10-15cm from net cage
(6) disease prevention and cure: in Giant Salamander Breeding process with copper sulphate and ferrous sulfate in mass ratio micro-5: 2 ratio full pool spilling head 1-2 time, isolate in time during generation pathology and prevent epidemic situation from expanding.
2. a kind of giant salamander Ecology propagating and breeding technology as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, in described step (4), artificial induced spawning medicine is HCG and LRH-a, HCG consumption is female salamander 900-1300IU/kg, male salamander 400-600IU/kg, LRH-a consumption is female salamander 9-12ug/kg, male salamander 4-6ug/kg.
3. a kind of giant salamander Ecology propagating and breeding technology as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, the open-mouthed bait belonging in step (5) is red line worm, and feeding volume increases gradually according to seedling appetite.
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104982358A (en) * | 2015-06-17 | 2015-10-21 | 贵州宏康生态养殖有限责任公司 | Salamander ecological cultivation method |
| CN105052798A (en) * | 2015-08-19 | 2015-11-18 | 彭锦辉 | Method for cultivating giant salamander in freshwater lake region |
| CN105210986A (en) * | 2015-09-28 | 2016-01-06 | 湖南亿年酉鱼农牧渔业发展有限公司 | A kind of raising method extending giant salamander kind salamander breeding age |
| CN107079873A (en) * | 2017-04-20 | 2017-08-22 | 迪庆藏族自治州高原生物研究所 | A kind of artificial propagation promoting method of Batrachuperus pinchonii |
| CN107396876A (en) * | 2016-05-20 | 2017-11-28 | 贵州省凤冈县益池园生态科技有限公司 | A kind of cultivation mating system of bionic giant salamander |
-
2015
- 2015-01-14 CN CN201510026783.5A patent/CN104542478A/en active Pending
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104982358A (en) * | 2015-06-17 | 2015-10-21 | 贵州宏康生态养殖有限责任公司 | Salamander ecological cultivation method |
| CN105052798A (en) * | 2015-08-19 | 2015-11-18 | 彭锦辉 | Method for cultivating giant salamander in freshwater lake region |
| CN105210986A (en) * | 2015-09-28 | 2016-01-06 | 湖南亿年酉鱼农牧渔业发展有限公司 | A kind of raising method extending giant salamander kind salamander breeding age |
| CN105210986B (en) * | 2015-09-28 | 2017-06-30 | 湖南亿年酉鱼农牧渔业发展有限公司 | A kind of method for breeding for extending giant salamander kind salamander breeding age |
| CN107396876A (en) * | 2016-05-20 | 2017-11-28 | 贵州省凤冈县益池园生态科技有限公司 | A kind of cultivation mating system of bionic giant salamander |
| CN107079873A (en) * | 2017-04-20 | 2017-08-22 | 迪庆藏族自治州高原生物研究所 | A kind of artificial propagation promoting method of Batrachuperus pinchonii |
| CN107079873B (en) * | 2017-04-20 | 2019-10-29 | 迪庆藏族自治州高原生物研究所 | A kind of artificial propagation promoting method of Batrachuperus pinchonii |
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