CN103609518B - Giant salamander Ecology propagation method - Google Patents
Giant salamander Ecology propagation method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A kind of giant salamander Ecology propagation method, the method comprises the foundation of giant salamander Ecology environment, Juvenile stage and cultivation, artificial induced spawning, artificial insemination, artificial incubation and seedling culture step, the foundation of this giant salamander Ecology environment naturally perches Eco Environmental Factors as geographical and weather according to giant salamander, section factor of influence, the cave environment factor and Water Factors etc., set up giant salamander habitat factor model, and the best construction parameter system in Ecology small stream ditch and cave is set up according to this model, establish the best living space of giant salamander, selectively carry out giant salamander living environment to select, it is allowed to return original existence, and carry out natural propagation and bait comparative trial, determine the reasonable bait scheme that giant salamander Ecology cultivates and required best nutritional structure, the sperm quality of male giant salamander parent can be improved, increase the fish brood amount of female giant salamander parent.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to aquatic products propagation method, be specifically related to a kind of giant salamander Ecology propagation method.
Background technology
Giant salamander is Chinese exclusive species, is national second class protection animal, has distribution in China 17 provinces, municipality directly under the Central Government, autonomous regions.Foreign study is few, and the domestic system research to giant salamander is from the seventies.1974, Sangzhi, Hunan county set up giant salamander research institute, mainly carried out resource investigation and carried out artificial feeding research.Within 1978, this institute cooperates with Hunan Aquatic Products Science Inst., has carried out Primary Study to giant salamander reproductive physiology and artificial propagation, by artificial induced spawning, successfully hatched salamander seedling, but incubation rate is extremely low.After this, Beijing Normal University Wu Cui Heng (1982), Shaanxi Institute of Botany Song Ming great waves etc. (1986) are studied giant salamander morphology.The Changjiang river aquatic products research institute Xiao Han soldiers etc. (1990) have carried out the research of giant salamander artificial propagation techniques, achieve certain effect; The people such as Gionee one-tenth are studied giant salamander biology, artificial breeding scale high yield technique, artifical compound feed, achieve comparatively quantum jump.At present, the research of giant salamander is mainly biased toward to the research of giant salamander biological property and morphological feature, propagation technique research needs deeply.
The reasons such as in recent years, because of natural environment deterioration, illegally catch and kill, smuggle and peddle, add giant salamander poor growth, sexual maturity is more late, and fertilization, survival rate are low, giant salamander resource amount declines year by year.By simulation giant salamander natural ecological environment, take the pattern of artificial bait throwing in and natural mating, Ecology breeding is carried out to giant salamander and becomes main flow, as Chinese patent application CN101081008A, CN1788696A, CN102934625A, CN103053469A etc., although those Ecology propagation methods can decrease artificial disturbance to greatest extent, disease is few, breeding amount is stable, simultaneously because of less investment, instant effect, fertilization rate, incubation rate are high, raise difficulty not quite, in Poor Mountainous Area development rapidly.But because the breeding environment of giant salamander in those methods and its field habitat have a certain distance, add giant salamander poor growth, sexual maturity is more late, and fertilization rate, survival rate are low, cause Resources of Megalobatrachus Davidianus to be bred and aquaculture development slower.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is: for above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art, provides a kind of giant salamander Ecology propagation method being applicable to giant salamander breeding based on the giant salamander nature habitat factor.
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is: a kind of giant salamander Ecology propagation method, the method comprises the foundation of giant salamander Ecology environment, parent's seed selection, artificial induced spawning, artificial insemination, artificial incubation and seedling culture step, is characterized in
The foundation of described giant salamander Ecology environment naturally perches Eco Environmental Factors according to giant salamander, this Eco Environmental Factors is geographical and weather, section factor of influence, the cave environment factor and Water Factors, set up giant salamander habitat factor model, and set up the best construction parameter system in Ecology small stream ditch and cave according to this model: surface, the cave district vegetation coverage more than 85% of Ecology Xi Gou two sides; Ecology small stream ditch builds up irregularly shaped, and small stream slope extends in stream with 30 °-45 °, the wide 50-300cm of small stream, the dark 50cm of small stream, lays the sand-pebble layer of the thick effluent sand of 15-20cm and cobble composition, the dark 25-30cm of stream, water flow velocity 0.05-1m/s at the bottom of small stream; Small stream ditch and area ratio >=1.5, cave, the hole in cave higher than the water surface of Ecology small stream ditch, the wide 15-20cm in hole, hole height 27-35cm, hole interior diameter 1.0-1.2m, hole inner height 35-40cm, has miniflow water, depth of water 25-30cm in cave, peep hole is stayed on top, hole; Water requires: water quality is limpid, water temperature is 16 DEG C-22 DEG C, water body is rich in mineral matter, pH value 6.8-7.5, hardness is 130-170, and water body dissolved oxygen enriches, DO > 5mg/L, biochemical oxygen demand < 12mg/L, ammonia nitrogen amount < 0.06mg/L, total phosphorus content < 0.35mg/L in water;
The parent that Juvenile stage in described parent's seed selection adopts the same area male and female place of production different is principle; Bait during parent culture is applicable to diversification, at ordinary times based on high protein, low fat, low in calories and be rich in micro-bait, and postpartum and produce the food of high protein of throwing something and feeding by the previous moon, higher fatty acid, high heat.
The present invention is the life breath property according to giant salamander, start with from the investigation of giant salamander nature habitat, carry out comprehensive survey, set up giant salamander natural habitat envirment factor model, establish Ecology small stream and cave construction optimal parameter system, carry out natural propagation and bait comparative trial, seek the scientific method of the numerous cultivation of giant salamander Ecology.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following beneficial effect:
1, by a large amount of investigation to giant salamander field habitat, filter out optimal parameter, set up envirment factor model, establish its best living space, selectively carry out giant salamander living environment and select, allow it return original survival properties.
2, by different bait of throwing something and feeding to different breeding pond, and test with different collocation, determine the reasonable bait scheme that giant salamander Ecology cultivates and required best nutritional structure.Grasp the suitableeest bait of giant salamander different times and nutrition arrangement, the sperm quality of male giant salamander parent can be improved, increase the fish brood amount of female giant salamander parent.
Embodiment
The present invention is a kind of giant salamander Ecology propagation method, and the method comprises the foundation of giant salamander Ecology environment, parent's seed selection, artificial induced spawning, artificial insemination, the step such as artificial incubation and seedling culture.This artificial induced spawning, artificial insemination, artificial incubation and seedling culture are all prior art, do not repeat them here.Below emphatically the foundation of giant salamander Ecology environment of the present invention and parent's seed selection are described in detail:
The foundation of giant salamander Ecology environment:
The Eco Environmental Factors that the Lishui River Bei Yuan, Zhong Yuan, Nan Yuan, You Shui, Wushui River tributary and Drizzle water water system are main giant salamander main activities region is investigated, this Eco Environmental Factors is mainly: geographical and weather, section factor of influence, the cave environment factor and Water Factors etc., specifically comprise: height above sea level, width of cave entrance and the data such as height, river bed composition, pH value, water temperature, the depth of water, water velocity.Statistica statistical software is adopted to carry out principal component analysis to gathered ecological factor data.By adding up and screening the data obtained, draw giant salamander habitat factor model, see the following form 1.
Table 1 giant salamander habitat factor model
According to giant salamander habitat factor model, optimize Ecology small stream ditch and cave construction, and set up best construction parameter system, specific as follows:
The plant such as the plantation of surface, cave district flowers and plants, dungarunga, shrub etc. of Ecology Xi Gou two sides, vegetation coverage more than 85%, play hidden, block, be incubated, the effect such as moisturizing.Ecology small stream ditch builds up irregularly shaped, and small stream slope extends in stream with 30 °-45 °, the wide 50-300cm of small stream, the dark 50cm of small stream, lays the sand-pebble layer that the husky and cobble of the thick effluent of 15-20cm forms at the bottom of small stream, with to guarantee in small stream not muddy water, without mud, the dark 25-30cm of stream, water flow velocity 0.05-1m/s.Small stream ditch and area ratio >=1.5, cave, the hole in cave a little more than the water surface of Ecology small stream ditch, the wide 15-20cm in hole, hole height 27-35cm, hole interior diameter 1.0-1.2m, hole inner height 35-40cm, has miniflow water in cave, water quality is limpid, depth of water 25-30cm, top, hole peep hole diameter 20cm.Suitable water temperature is 8 DEG C-24 DEG C, and optimum water temperature is 16 DEG C-22 DEG C.Will ensure that water does not freeze winter, summer, water temperature was no more than 25 DEG C.Require that water body is rich in mineral matter, pH value 6.8-7.5, hardness is suitably higher is 130-170, and water body dissolved oxygen enriches, DO > 5mg/L.In water, biochemical oxygen demand is low should be less than 12mg/L, and ammonia-nitrogen content should be less than 0.06mg/L, and total phosphorus content should be less than 0.35mg/L.
Parent's seed selection comprises Juvenile stage and parent culture, and wherein, the parent that Juvenile stage adopts the same area male and female place of production different is principle, to avoid inbreeding.Parent culture, is mainly studied (all the other items about parent's seed selection can refer to prior art and implement) the collocation of bait of throwing something and feeding, specific as follows:
1. bait is selected and subregion
Choose common nutrition than more comprehensive bait, comprise grass carp, silver carp, carp, crucian, loach, shrimp, frog, lean pork and pork liver.Respectively throwing something and feeding of different bait is carried out to 6 culturing pools: A
1, A
2throw something and feed grass carp block and live body crucian in pond, A
1pond adds feed pigs liver and pork, A
2chi Bujia; B
1, B
2throw something and feed carp block and live loacs in pond, B
1pond adds frog, B
2chi Bujia; C
1, C
2pond throw something and feed silver carp block and live freshwater shrimp, C
1pond vitaminize sheet, C
2chi Bujia.
2. bait is processed and is thrown something and fed
Fresh fish now kills, and rejects skull and vertebrae, and pork and pork liver reject fat, slitting shape, heavily about 50g to 100g.Dead bait adopts the saline solution of about 30% to soak 10 minutes; Fresh food adopts the chlorine dioxide of 2-3ppm to soak 10 minutes.Namely adopt three determine principle and " regularly, determine matter, quantitatively ", dead bait is thrown something and fed once in 3 days, and contrast pond contrasts bait at interval of once adding throwing, throws something and feeds for about 6 of every afternoon, and feeding volume almost can be eaten up as standard to throw something and feed in latter one hour.Fresh food drops into by 5% of each district giant salamander gross weight, within 1 month, takes the circumstances into consideration to add.
3. result:
Record giant salamander ingests, increases weight, movable, lay eggs and fertilization situation (seeing the following form 2).Finding that B group feed efficiency is apparently higher than other two groups, illustrating that giant salamander can turn to the dead bait that predation difficulty is less when preying on live bait difficulty.A group data show that giant salamander ingests high protein, food rich in fat for a long time, and body weight gain is fast, and spawning rate and fertilization rate are all on the low side.In conjunction with the Analysis of primary nutritive compositions of various bait, giant salamander bait is applicable to diversification, at ordinary times should based on high protein, low fat, low in calories and be rich in micro-bait, as various fish, loach, shrimp crab, frog etc.Postpartum and produce the food of suitable high protein of can throwing something and feeding by the previous moon, higher fatty acid, high heat, as various fish, poultry meat internal organ etc., be beneficial to the antenatal accumulation physical efficiency of giant salamander and Recovery and survive the winter.
Table 2 bait comparative trial
Note: in upper table, the using in various degree of descriptive project "+" is stated to " +++ ++ ".Feed efficiency: eat up in 10 minutes after bait throwing in as " +++ ++ ", eats up in 20 minutes as " ++++", eats up as " +++ ", eat up as " ++ " in one hour, within more than one hour, eat up as "+" in half an hour; Parent is movable: evening more than 80%, giant salamander appeared activity for " +++ ++ ", more than 60% be " ++++", more than 40% is " +++ ", and more than 20% is " ++ ", and less than 20% is "+".Fertilization rate to 4 cell stages with development of fertilized ova, clearly can be seen the cross spilting of an egg at ovum top, add up as fertilized egg.
Claims (1)
1. a giant salamander Ecology propagation method, the method comprises the foundation of giant salamander Ecology environment, parent's seed selection, artificial induced spawning, artificial insemination, artificial incubation and seedling culture step, it is characterized in that,
The foundation of described giant salamander Ecology environment naturally perches Eco Environmental Factors according to giant salamander, this Eco Environmental Factors is geographical and weather, section factor of influence, the cave environment factor and Water Factors, set up giant salamander habitat factor model, and set up the best construction parameter system in Ecology small stream ditch and cave according to this model: surface, the cave district vegetation coverage more than 85% of Ecology Xi Gou two sides; Ecology small stream ditch builds up irregularly shaped, and small stream slope extends in stream with 30 °-45 °, the wide 50-300cm of small stream, the dark 50cm of small stream, lays the sand-pebble layer of the thick effluent sand of 15-20cm and cobble composition, the dark 25-30cm of stream, water flow velocity 0.05-1m/s at the bottom of small stream; Small stream ditch and area ratio >=1.5, cave, the hole in cave higher than the water surface of Ecology small stream ditch, the wide 15-20cm in hole, hole height 27-35cm, hole interior diameter 1.0-1.2m, hole inner height 35-40cm, has miniflow water, depth of water 25-30cm in cave, peep hole is stayed on top, hole; Water requires: water quality is limpid, water temperature is 16 DEG C-22 DEG C, water body is rich in mineral matter, pH value 6.8-7.5, hardness is 130-170, and water body dissolved oxygen enriches, DO > 5mg/L, biochemical oxygen demand < 12mg/L, ammonia nitrogen amount < 0.06mg/L, total phosphorus content < 0.35mg/L in water;
The parent that Juvenile stage in described parent's seed selection adopts the same area male and female place of production different is principle; Bait during parent culture is applicable to diversification, at ordinary times based on high protein, low fat, low in calories and be rich in micro-bait, and postpartum and produce the food of high protein of throwing something and feeding by the previous moon, higher fatty acid, high heat.
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Families Citing this family (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103875597A (en) * | 2014-04-02 | 2014-06-25 | 重庆市益爱大鲵养殖有限公司 | Giant salamander ecology-simulating domestication and breeding method |
| CN104012465A (en) * | 2014-05-16 | 2014-09-03 | 毕节学院 | Method for efficiently incubating andrias davidianus embryos |
| CN104273091B (en) * | 2014-10-09 | 2016-04-27 | 安徽省农业科学院水产研究所 | A kind of giant salamander Ecology propagation method |
| CN104542456A (en) * | 2014-11-27 | 2015-04-29 | 巫溪县菊红水产养殖专业合作社 | Imitative ecological breeding method of giant salamanders |
| CN104938415A (en) * | 2015-06-16 | 2015-09-30 | 西南大学 | Method for bionic breeding of andrias davidianus |
| CN106508808A (en) * | 2016-12-09 | 2017-03-22 | 重庆市大宁河水产养殖有限公司 | River water giant salamander breeding method |
| CN109271694B (en) * | 2018-09-06 | 2022-02-01 | 西安理工大学 | Habitat identification method based on fish individual dynamic simulation technology |
| CN112772555B (en) * | 2020-12-30 | 2022-09-30 | 浙江大学 | Method for improving mating rate of female and male giant salamander parents |
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