CN102090357B - Factory culturing method for clam shells - Google Patents
Factory culturing method for clam shells Download PDFInfo
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- CN102090357B CN102090357B CN201010579833XA CN201010579833A CN102090357B CN 102090357 B CN102090357 B CN 102090357B CN 201010579833X A CN201010579833X A CN 201010579833XA CN 201010579833 A CN201010579833 A CN 201010579833A CN 102090357 B CN102090357 B CN 102090357B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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Abstract
The invention relates to a culturing technique for clam shells, in particular to a factory culturing method for clam shells, wherein the method comprises the following steps: selecting healthy breeder shells of which sexual glands are matured to perform enrichment culture, then hastening parturition; after the oviposition, removing the breeder clam shells, and thinning the oosperms; when the D-shaped larva hatched from the oosperms closely gather on the water surface, selecting the excellently developed D-shaped larva to put into a culturing pool and culturing into juvenile shells, then adding an adherence; continuously culturing the juvenile shells adhered on an adhering machine until the shell is more than 600 microns in length; and moving the juvenile shells and the adherence to a shrimp pool or the sea for intermediate culture. The process flow is simple, the maneuverability is high and the technique is stable, so that the clam shell can naturally spawn and be fertilized; moreover, the rates of fertilizing and hatching are high; therefore, the problem of the quantity production of the clam shells are effectively solved, and full-artificial factory culture of the clam shells can be realized; and moreover, the method has low cost, fast affecting and great benefits, thereby laying the foundation for the large-scale artifical culture of the clam shells.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of shellfish hatchery technique, specifically a kind of ancient blood clam shellfish factorial seedling-culturing method.
Background technology
Ancient blood clam claims again ancient blood clam, is a kind of of blood clam section rough finishing blood clam genus, mainly is distributed in Singapore, Indonesia, China Taiwan and Hainan Province marine site on every side, is the common economic shellfish of Hainan Region.Ancient blood clam belongs to the filter-feeding shellfish, food organisms are take single-cell algae as main, raise together with other kind and can reduce ammonia in the water body, nitrogen, content of nitrite, play effects such as purifying water, stablize the pH value, contain ferroheme in its blood, take on a red color, the blood multi-flavor is delicious, have high protein, low fat, vitamin content high, and have medical value, liked by the consumer.Catch owing to excessively adopting in recent years, natural resources is day by day exhausted, and wild ancient blood clam price is constantly soaring, has formed the situation that supply falls short of demand.
Present ancient blood clam seed is selected still take wild blood clam seedling as main, easily causes the wild resource overfishing, is unfavorable for industrialization development and the protection of resources of ancient blood clam, also finds no the relevant report of the propagation in scale technology of closing ancient blood clam seed through retrieval.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of ancient blood clam shellfish factorial seedling-culturing method, it can make ancient blood clam shellfish realize natural spawning, fertilization, and fertilization and incubation rate are high, can realize that batch production total man worker cultivates ancient blood clam spat kind, and seedling raising process is workable, consistent, for propagating artificially on a large scale of ancient blood clam shellfish lays the foundation.
The technical solution adopted in the present invention:
A kind of ancient blood clam shellfish factorial seedling-culturing method comprises close shellfish selection and hot housing, hastens parturition and cultivate with hatching, larval culture, juvenile mollusk, and its concrete steps are as follows:
1, close shellfish is selected and hot housing
Choose gonad maturity and the healthy close shellfish of 2~3 ages, the long 5~8cm of shell, carry out hot housing 7~15 days after cleaning up.
2, hasten parturition and hatch
Will be clean with the sand filtration seawater flushing through the close shellfish of hot housing, dried in the shade 8~10 hours, carry out disinfection with liquor potassic permanganate, carry out again stimulation by running water and hastened parturition in 1~2 hour; To wait to produce close shellfish and put in the spawning pond and lay eggs, the density of laying eggs is controlled at 100/mL~150/mL, and agitate water in the process of laying eggs improving the ovum fertilization rate, and is pulled unnecessary viscous foam out; The close shellfish that will lay eggs rapidly after finishing of laying eggs shifts out, and in time dilutes fertilized egg, fills it up with Chi Shui after static 1 hour, draws the Chi Shui on upper strata 1/2, so repeatedly washes ovum 2 times~3 times, until the clear free from extraneous odour of water; Then under the condition of 28~30 ℃ of water temperatures, carry out little inflation hatching, treat that incubating oosperm develops into D shape larva and intensive when water surface, choose the good D type larva band water of growth and move in another cultivation pond.
3, larval culture
Above-mentioned D shape larva of collecting put into cultivate the pond and cultivate, the young is cultivated into juvenile mollusk through D shape larval phase, shell top Initial instar larvae phase, shell top larval phase in mid-term, shell top larval phase in later stage; The condition of wherein cultivating is: 28.5~29.0 ℃ of water temperatures, day quantity of exchanged water 30%~80%; Day is changed water 1~2 time; Salinity is 25~30, and pH value is 7.8~8.2, and dissolved oxygen content is more than the 5mg/L, and ammonia-nitrogen content is below the 0.2mg/L, and intensity of illumination is 600LX~800LX, continuous charge, and bait is Isochrysis galbana, salt algae and Chaetoceros, intersects to mix to throw something and feed; As the long 250 μ m of embryophore~300 μ m, the high 200 μ m of shell~240 μ m, eyebot larvae reaches 30~40%, throws in adherance this moment; Adhere to rear every day food ration and be increased to gradually 10~300,000 unicellular/ml.
4, juvenile mollusk is cultivated
The above-mentioned juvenile mollusk that is attached on the hapteron is continued to cultivate in cultivating the pond, and wherein the condition of juvenile mollusk cultivation is: 28.5~29.0 ℃ of water temperatures, day quantity of exchanged water 40%~80%; Day is changed water 1~2 time; Salinity is 25~30, and pH value is 7.8~8.2, and dissolved oxygen content is more than the 5mg/L, and ammonia-nitrogen content is below the 0.2mg/L, and intensity of illumination is: 600LX~800LX, and continuous charge, bait is Isochrysis galbana, flat algae, salt algae and Chaetoceros, intersects to mix to throw something and feed; The juvenile mollusk shell reaches 600 μ m when above, juvenile mollusk is moved into the shrimp pool or sea together with adherance carry out the centre and breed.Go out the pond and should remove window-blind in front 2 days, make juvenile mollusk adapt to gradually outdoor light intensity.
Technological process of the present invention is simple, workable, consistent, can make ancient blood clam shellfish realize natural spawning, fertilization, and fertilization and incubation rate are high, effectively solve the difficult problem of ancient blood clam spat kind batch production, realized that batch production total man worker cultivates ancient blood clam spat kind, both can carry out shrimp pool cultivated, can carry out again broadcasting at the bottom of the sea area, can recover the population advantage, cost is low, instant effect, benefit are large, for propagating artificially on a large scale of ancient blood clam shellfish lays the foundation.
Embodiment
The invention will be further described with non-limiting embodiment for the below.
Embodiment one
1, choose the gonad maturity of 2 ages, the long 6cm of shell and healthy close shellfish (the shell table is fresh, complete, and without damaged, sexual gland is full), clean up and the barnacle on shell surface, oyster etc. are rejected with pocket knife clean, the net cage of putting into the pond carried out hot housing 10 days.
2, will be clean with the sand filtration seawater flushing through the close blood clam of hot housing, dried in the shade 10 hours, carry out disinfection with liquor potassic permanganate, carry out again stimulation by running water and hastened parturition in 2 hours; To wait to produce close shellfish and put in the spawning pond and lay eggs, the density of laying eggs is controlled at 120/mL, and agitate water in the process of laying eggs improving the ovum fertilization rate, and is pulled unnecessary viscous foam out; The close shellfish that will lay eggs rapidly after finishing of laying eggs shifts out, and in time dilutes fertilized egg, fills it up with Chi Shui after static 1 hour, draws the Chi Shui on upper strata 1/2, so repeatedly washes ovum 3 times, until the clear free from extraneous odour of water; Then under the condition of 28~30 ℃ of water temperatures, carry out little inflation hatching, treat that incubating oosperm develops into D shape larva and intensive when water surface, choose the good D type larva band water of growth and move in another cultivation pond.
3, above-mentioned D shape larva of collecting is put into cultivate the pond and cultivate, the young is cultivated into juvenile mollusk through D shape larval phase, shell top Initial instar larvae phase, shell top larval phase in mid-term, shell top larval phase in later stage; The condition of wherein cultivating is: 28.5~29.0 ℃ of water temperatures, day quantity of exchanged water 50%; Day is changed water 2 times; Salinity is 27, and pH value is 7.8, and dissolved oxygen content is more than the 5mg/L, and ammonia-nitrogen content is below the 0.2mg/L, and intensity of illumination is 700LX, continuous charge, and bait is Isochrysis galbana, salt algae and Chaetoceros, intersects to mix to throw something and feed; As the long 250 μ m of embryophore~300 μ m, the high 200 μ m of shell~240 μ m, eyebot larvae reaches 30~40%, throws in adherance this moment; Adhere to rear every day food ration and be increased to gradually 150,000 unicellular/ml.
The juvenile mollusk that 4, will be attached on the hapteron continues to cultivate in cultivating the pond, and wherein the condition of juvenile mollusk cultivation is: 28.5~29.0 ℃ of water temperatures, day quantity of exchanged water 60%; Day is changed water 1 time; Salinity is 25, and pH value is 8.0, and dissolved oxygen content is more than the 5mg/L, and ammonia-nitrogen content is below the 0.2mg/L, and intensity of illumination is: 600LX, and continuous charge, bait is Isochrysis galbana, flat algae, salt algae and Chaetoceros, intersects to mix to throw something and feed; The juvenile mollusk shell reaches 600 μ m when above, juvenile mollusk is moved into the shrimp pool or sea together with adherance carry out the centre and breed.Go out the pond and should remove window-blind in front 2 days, make juvenile mollusk adapt to gradually outdoor light intensity.
Embodiment two
1, choose the gonad maturity of 3 ages, the long 7cm of shell and healthy close shellfish (the shell table is fresh, complete, and without damaged, sexual gland is full), clean up and the barnacle on shell surface, oyster etc. are rejected with pocket knife clean, the net cage of putting into the pond carried out hot housing 13 days.
2, will be clean with the sand filtration seawater flushing through the close blood clam of hot housing, dried in the shade 8 hours, carry out disinfection with liquor potassic permanganate, carry out again stimulation by running water and hastened parturition in 1 hour; To wait to produce close shellfish and put in the spawning pond and lay eggs, the density of laying eggs is controlled at 130/mL, and agitate water in the process of laying eggs improving the ovum fertilization rate, and is pulled unnecessary viscous foam out; The close shellfish that will lay eggs rapidly after finishing of laying eggs shifts out, and in time dilutes fertilized egg, fills it up with Chi Shui after static 1 hour, draws the Chi Shui on upper strata 1/2, so repeatedly washes ovum 2 times, until the clear free from extraneous odour of water; Then under the condition of 28~30 ℃ of water temperatures, carry out little inflation hatching, treat that incubating oosperm develops into D shape larva and intensive when water surface, choose the good D type larva band water of growth and move in another cultivation pond.
3, above-mentioned D shape larva of collecting is put into cultivate the pond and cultivate, the young is cultivated into juvenile mollusk through D shape larval phase, shell top Initial instar larvae phase, shell top larval phase in mid-term, shell top larval phase in later stage; The condition of wherein cultivating is: 28.5~29.0 ℃ of water temperatures, day quantity of exchanged water 60%; Day is changed water 2 times; Salinity is 28, and pH value is 7.8, and dissolved oxygen content is more than the 5mg/L, and ammonia-nitrogen content is below the 0.2mg/L, and intensity of illumination is 600LX, continuous charge, and bait is Isochrysis galbana, salt algae and Chaetoceros, intersects to mix to throw something and feed; As the long 250 μ m of embryophore~300 μ m, the high 200 μ m of shell~240 μ m, eyebot larvae reaches 30~40%, throws in adherance this moment; Adhere to rear every day food ration and be increased to gradually 250,000 unicellular/ml.
The juvenile mollusk that 4, will be attached on the hapteron continues to cultivate in cultivating the pond, and wherein the condition of juvenile mollusk cultivation is: 28.5~29.0 ℃ of water temperatures, day quantity of exchanged water 70%; Day is changed water 2 times; Salinity is 28, and pH value is 8.0, and dissolved oxygen content is more than the 5mg/L, and ammonia-nitrogen content is below the 0.2mg/L, and intensity of illumination is: 700LX, and continuous charge, bait is Isochrysis galbana, flat algae, salt algae and Chaetoceros, intersects to mix to throw something and feed; The juvenile mollusk shell reaches 600 μ m when above, juvenile mollusk is moved into the shrimp pool or sea together with adherance carry out the centre and breed.Go out the pond and should remove window-blind in front 2 days, make juvenile mollusk adapt to gradually outdoor light intensity.
Embodiment three
1, choose the gonad maturity of 3 ages, the long 8cm of shell and healthy close shellfish (the shell table is fresh, complete, and without damaged, sexual gland is full), clean up and the barnacle on shell surface, oyster etc. are rejected with pocket knife clean, the net cage of putting into the pond carried out hot housing 15 days.
2, will be clean with the sand filtration seawater flushing through the close blood clam of hot housing, dried in the shade 10 hours, carry out disinfection with liquor potassic permanganate, carry out again stimulation by running water and hastened parturition in 2 hours; To wait to produce close shellfish and put in the spawning pond and lay eggs, the density of laying eggs is controlled at 150/mL, and agitate water in the process of laying eggs improving the ovum fertilization rate, and is pulled unnecessary viscous foam out; The close shellfish that will lay eggs rapidly after finishing of laying eggs shifts out, and in time dilutes fertilized egg, fills it up with Chi Shui after static 1 hour, draws the Chi Shui on upper strata 1/2, so repeatedly washes ovum 3 times, until the clear free from extraneous odour of water; Then under the condition of 28~30 ℃ of water temperatures, carry out little inflation hatching, treat that incubating oosperm develops into D shape larva and intensive when water surface, choose the good D type larva band water of growth and move in another cultivation pond.
3, above-mentioned D shape larva of collecting is put into cultivate the pond and cultivate, the young is cultivated into juvenile mollusk through D shape larval phase, shell top Initial instar larvae phase, shell top larval phase in mid-term, shell top larval phase in later stage; The condition of wherein cultivating is: 28.5~29.0 ℃ of water temperatures, day quantity of exchanged water 70%; Day is changed water 1 time; Salinity is 29, and pH value is 7.8, and dissolved oxygen content is more than the 5mg/L, and ammonia-nitrogen content is below the 0.2mg/L, and intensity of illumination is 700LX, continuous charge, and bait is Isochrysis galbana, salt algae and Chaetoceros, intersects to mix to throw something and feed; As the long 250 μ m of embryophore~300 μ m, the high 200 μ m of shell~240 μ m, eyebot larvae reaches 30~40%, throws in adherance this moment; Adhere to rear every day food ration and be increased to gradually 200,000 unicellular/ml.
The juvenile mollusk that 4, will be attached on the hapteron continues to cultivate in cultivating the pond, and wherein the condition of juvenile mollusk cultivation is: 28.5~29.0 ℃ of water temperatures, day quantity of exchanged water 70%; Day is changed water 2 times; Salinity is 28, and pH value is 7.8, and dissolved oxygen content is more than the 5mg/L, and ammonia-nitrogen content is below the 0.2mg/L, and intensity of illumination is: 800LX, and continuous charge, bait is Isochrysis galbana, flat algae, salt algae and Chaetoceros, intersects to mix to throw something and feed; The juvenile mollusk shell reaches 600 μ m when above, juvenile mollusk is moved into the shrimp pool or sea together with adherance carry out the centre and breed.Go out the pond and should remove window-blind in front 2 days, make juvenile mollusk adapt to gradually outdoor light intensity.
Detect: above-mentioned three embodiment after testing, nursery effect sees table 1, table 2 for details.
Table 1 larva survival rate
The ancient blood clam artificial breeding of table 2 effect
The present invention is not limited to above-mentioned embodiment, no matter do any variation in its operating procedure or raw material consumptive material, all drops within the protection domain of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. an ancient blood clam shellfish factorial seedling-culturing method is characterized in that, comprises close shellfish selection and hot housing, hastens parturition and cultivate with hatching, larval culture, juvenile mollusk, and its concrete steps are as follows:
1), close shellfish is selected and hot housing
Choose gonad maturity and the healthy close shellfish of 2~3 ages, the long 5~8cm of shell, carry out hot housing 7~15 days after cleaning up;
2), hasten parturition and hatch
Will be clean with the sand filtration seawater flushing through the close shellfish of hot housing, dried in the shade 8~10 hours, carry out disinfection with liquor potassic permanganate, carry out again stimulation by running water and hastened parturition in 1~2 hour; To wait to produce close shellfish and put in the spawning pond and lay eggs, the density of laying eggs is controlled at 100/mL~150/mL, agitate water in the process of laying eggs, and pull unnecessary viscous foam out; The close shellfish that will lay eggs rapidly after finishing of laying eggs shifts out, and dilution fertilized egg is filled it up with Chi Shui after static 1 hour, draws the Chi Shui on upper strata 1/2, so repeatedly washes ovum 2 times~3 times, until the clear free from extraneous odour of water; Then under the condition of 28~30 ℃ of water temperatures, carry out little inflation hatching, treat that incubating oosperm develops into D shape larva and intensive when water surface, choose the good D type larva band water of growth and move in the cultivation pond;
3), larval culture
Above-mentioned D shape larva of collecting put into cultivate the pond and cultivate, the young is cultivated into juvenile mollusk through D shape larval phase, shell top Initial instar larvae phase, shell top larval phase in mid-term, shell top larval phase in later stage; The condition of wherein cultivating is: 28.5~29.0 ℃ of water temperatures, day quantity of exchanged water 30%~80%; Day is changed water 1~2 time; Salinity is 25~30, and pH value is 7.8~8.2, and dissolved oxygen content is more than the 5mg/L, and ammonia-nitrogen content is below the 0.2mg/L, and intensity of illumination is 600LX~800LX, continuous charge, and bait is Isochrysis galbana, salt algae and Chaetoceros, intersects to mix to throw something and feed; As the long 250 μ m of embryophore~300 μ m, the high 200 μ m of shell~240 μ m, eyebot larvae reaches 30~40%, throws in adherance this moment; Adhere to rear every day food ration and be increased to gradually 10~300,000 unicellular/mL;
4), juvenile mollusk is cultivated
The above-mentioned juvenile mollusk that is attached on the hapteron is continued to cultivate in cultivating the pond, and wherein the condition of juvenile mollusk cultivation is: 28.5~29.0 ℃ of water temperatures, day quantity of exchanged water 40%~80%; Day is changed water 1~2 time; Salinity is 25~30, and pH value is 7.8~8.2, and dissolved oxygen content is more than the 5mg/L, and ammonia-nitrogen content is below the 0.2mg/L, and intensity of illumination is: 600LX~800LX, and continuous charge, bait is Isochrysis galbana, flat algae, salt algae and Chaetoceros, intersects to mix to throw something and feed; The juvenile mollusk shell reaches 600 μ m when above, juvenile mollusk is moved into the shrimp pool or sea together with adherance carry out the centre and breed.
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CN103004648B (en) * | 2011-09-22 | 2014-09-17 | 汕头大学 | Breeding method for improving DHA (Docosahexaenioc Acid) content in oyster body |
CN102342256B (en) * | 2011-10-19 | 2013-01-09 | 锦州市海洋与渔业科学研究所 | Method for using 300-mu zeolite powder as Scapharca subcrenata and juvenile mollusk attachment base |
CN105918171A (en) * | 2016-04-29 | 2016-09-07 | 海南省海洋与渔业科学院 | Indoor factory culture method and device for penaeus vannamei |
CN115152674A (en) * | 2022-08-16 | 2022-10-11 | 黄晓菊 | Method for breeding oysters capable of being eaten raw |
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CN101317549A (en) * | 2007-10-10 | 2008-12-10 | 浙江海洋学院 | Artificial nursery stock growing method for thick-shell mussel |
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CN101317549A (en) * | 2007-10-10 | 2008-12-10 | 浙江海洋学院 | Artificial nursery stock growing method for thick-shell mussel |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
Title |
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徐应馥 等.洗卵.《无公害扇贝标准化生产》.2006,第52页第5段. * |
王建华 等.毛蚶人工育苗技术研究.《河北渔业》.2009,(第3期),全文. * |
翟林香 等.毛蚶的生物学特性及人工育苗技术.《现代农业科技》.2010,正文第345页左栏末尾一段,右栏第2段第3-5行,第3段第2-3行,第6段第1-4行,第7段第1-2行,第346页左栏第1-5段,右栏第1段. * |
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