CN115152674A - Method for breeding oysters capable of being eaten raw - Google Patents
Method for breeding oysters capable of being eaten raw Download PDFInfo
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Images
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/54—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of bivalves, e.g. oysters or mussels
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for culturing uncooked edible oysters, and relates to the technical field of culture. The cultivation is carried out in a GMP cultivation workshop, and the method comprises the following steps: (1) Putting D-shaped larvae of oysters into a seedling culture pond filled with sterile seawater, and culturing to obtain young oysters; the D-shaped larvae are aseptic oyster fries bred for more than 5 generations in the GMP cultivation workshop; (2) And putting the young oysters into a young shellfish culture pond filled with sterile seawater, and culturing in a bent frame culture mode to obtain finished oysters, namely the edible oysters. The invention utilizes the artificially prepared sterile seawater to culture the oysters in a GMP culture workshop. The method can strictly control water quality in the culture process, and can culture oyster which does not contain common parasites such as Hexaflagellate, nematoda and Pectinatus fasciatus, common vibrio such as Vibrio cholerae and the like, and nocovirus and can be eaten raw.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of cultivation, in particular to a method for cultivating an uncooked edible oyster.
Background
Oysters (Ostreidae) are commonly called oyster seeds and oysters, and belong to the phylum mollusca. Species of the order of the oyster, the family of the oyster family, of the class Bixichae, are collectively called oysters. The oyster is the first big cultured shellfish in the world, is one of important marine biological resources available to human beings, and is a globally distributed variety. The oysters are rich in various nutrient substances beneficial to human bodies, and the oysters contain rich mineral substances such as calcium, iron and zinc, so that many people like to supplement nutrition by eating the oysters uncooked. The raw oyster has the following advantages:
1. strengthen the muscles and bones. The oyster has calcium content close to that of milk and iron content 21 times that of milk, and is helpful for bone and tooth growth after being eaten.
2. Prolonging life. Oysters are rich in nucleic acids, which play an important role in protein synthesis, and thus can delay skin aging and reduce wrinkle formation. With age, the ability of the human body to synthesize nucleic acids gradually decreases and can only be taken from food. Therefore, eating more oysters is helpful for supplementing nucleic acid, thereby having the effect of prolonging life.
3. Benefiting stomach and promoting fluid production. Li Shizhen is said in Ben Cao gang mu that oyster's meat treats deficiency and impairment, dysphoria with smothery sensation … … smooth skin after sobering up, oyster shell resolves phlegm and softens hard mass, clears heat and removes dampness, stops heart and spleen pain, li is red, white and turbid, and eliminates hernia and mass. Oyster is slightly cold in nature and has the effect of relieving hyperacidity, so that the oyster is more beneficial to people with hyperacidity or gastric ulcer.
4. To calm heart and induce tranquilization. By eating oyster frequently, the symptoms of dysphoria, palpitation, insomnia, dizziness, tinnitus and the like caused by yin deficiency and yang hyperactivity can be reduced. The oyster contains various vitamins and minerals, especially selenium, and has effects in regulating nerve and stabilizing emotion.
However, oysters are susceptible to parasites and uncooked oysters are at risk of being infected with parasites. In addition, oysters contain two very destructive pathogens: norovirus and vibrio cholerae. Norovirus can cause gastroenteritis; vibrio cholerae can cause hyperpyrexia, septic shock, ulcerating blisters in the skin, and even fatal septicemia. Therefore, the harmfulness of eating the oysters is very high.
In order to meet the demand of consumers for the oysters for raw eating, it is necessary to develop a method for culturing the oysters for raw eating.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for culturing uncooked oysters, which solves the problems in the prior art and can be used for simply and conveniently culturing the uncooked oysters.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme:
the invention provides a method for culturing uncooked edible oysters, which is carried out in a GMP (good manufacturing practice) culture workshop and comprises the following steps:
(1) Putting D-shaped larvae of oysters into a seedling culture pond filled with sterile seawater, and culturing to obtain young oysters; the D-shaped larvae are aseptic oyster fries bred for more than 5 generations in the GMP cultivation workshop;
(2) And putting the young oysters into a young shellfish culture pond filled with sterile seawater, and culturing in a bent frame culture mode to obtain finished oysters, namely the edible oysters.
Further, the GMP cultivation workshop comprises a seawater preparation tank, a cultivation pond, an air purification system and a cultivation water filtration and circulation system.
Further, the seawater used in the step (1) and the step (2) is prepared by adding an inorganic salt mixture into purified water according to the required salinity, wherein the formula of the inorganic salt mixture comprises the following components in parts by weight: naCl 15 parts, mgSO 4 1 part of CaCl 2 0.5 part, KCl 0.2 part and NaHCO 3 0.05 part.
Further, in the step (1), the salinity of the seawater in the seedling culture pond is 25.
Further, in the step (1), in the first 20D of the D-shaped larva cultivation, the bait for the first 10D is chlorella, and the bait for the second 10D is mixed algae consisting of chaetoceros gracilis, platymonas fasciata and chlorella.
Further, the quantity ratio of the Chaetoceros gracilis, platymonas fasciata and Chlorella is 1:1:2.
further, the feeding amount of the bait for the first 10 days is 1 multiplied by 10 per day 5 The feed amount of the bait is 0.5 multiplied by 10 per day 7 One per mL.
Further, in the step (1), the breeding conditions of the D-shaped larvae comprise: the water temperature is 20 ℃, the illumination intensity is 400LX, the pH value of the seawater is 7.8, and the dissolved oxygen in the seawater is 6mg/L.
Further, in the step (2), before the average shell height of the oysters reaches 12.0 cm, the salinity of the seawater is 26, and after the average shell height of the oysters reaches 12.0 cm, the salinity of the seawater is adjusted to be 30.
Further, in the step (2), the cultivation conditions of the young shellfish comprise: the water temperature is 22 ℃, the illumination intensity is 500LX, the seawater pH is 7.8, and the seawater dissolved oxygen is 8mg/L.
The invention discloses the following technical effects:
the invention provides a method for culturing uncooked edible oysters, which utilizes artificially prepared sterile seawater to culture the oysters in a GMP (good manufacturing practice) culture workshop. The method can strictly control water quality in the culture process, and can culture oyster which does not contain common parasites such as Hexatialis, linnaeus and Pectinatus, does not contain common vibrio such as Vibrio cholerae, and does not contain norovirus.
The invention relates to a method for preparing oyster, which is characterized in that oyster is an organism extremely sensitive to seawater salinity, the seawater is artificially prepared, the inorganic salt content of the seawater is different from the actual seawater in the ocean, and in order to improve the survival rate of oyster, the seawater salinity during the cultivation of larvae and juvenile mollusks is optimized. In addition, the invention optimizes the bait during the larva breeding period. By adopting the measures, the survival rate of the oysters and the average quality of the oysters are finally improved on the whole.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the method for cultivating edible oysters.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to various exemplary embodiments of the invention, the detailed description should not be construed as limiting the invention but as a more detailed description of certain aspects, features and embodiments of the invention.
It is to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. In addition, for numerical ranges in the present disclosure, it is understood that each intervening value, to the upper and lower limit of that range, is also specifically disclosed. Every smaller range between any stated value or intervening value in a stated range and any other stated or intervening value in a stated range is encompassed within the invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges may independently be included or excluded in the range.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. Although only preferred methods and materials are described herein, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice or testing of the present invention. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference herein for the purpose of disclosing and describing the methods and/or materials associated with the documents. In case of conflict with any incorporated document, the present specification will control.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the specific embodiments of the present disclosure without departing from the scope or spirit of the disclosure. Other embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification. The description and examples are intended to be illustrative only.
As used herein, the terms "comprising," "including," "having," "containing," and the like are open-ended terms that mean including, but not limited to.
In the following examples, the seawater used was prepared by adding purified water to an inorganic salt mixture, wherein the inorganic salt mixture had the following formulation in parts by weight: naCl 15 parts, mgSO 4 1 part of CaCl 2 0.5 part, KCl 0.2 part and NaHCO 3 0.05 part; before preparing seawater, the inorganic salt mixture needs to be sterilized at 121 ℃, and the purified water is purified by an RO membrane sterile system.
The Chaetoceros gracilis, platymonas fasciata and chlorella are all microalgae cultured by natural breeding and sterile treatment; the cultivation of oysters is carried out in a GMP cultivation workshop (fig. 1) with a seawater preparation tank, a cultivation pond, an air purification system and a cultivation water filtration and circulation system.
The D-form larvae of crassostrea gigas used in the following examples are relatively sterile oyster fries that were bred naturally in the GMP farming shop of the present invention for 5 generations, and were tested to be free of common parasites such as hexaflagellates, trichina, and scirpus, free of common vibrios such as vibrio cholerae, and free of norovirus.
Example 1
(1) Seawater with salinity of 25 is prepared in a seawater preparation tank and is pumped into a seedling culture pond. D-shaped larvae of crassostrea gigas are put into a seedling culture pond according to the culture of 10 larvae per mL, the water temperature is adjusted to be 20 ℃, the illumination intensity is 400LX, the pH value of seawater is 7.8, and the dissolved oxygen in the seawater is 6mg/L, and the larvae are cultured for 20 days. Feeding chlorella with bait in the first 10 days at a daily ratio of 1 × 10 5 Feeding per mL; and 10d, the bait is prepared from Chaetoceros gracilis, platymonas subcordiformis and chlorella according to the quantity ratio of 1:1:2, according to a daily dosage of 0.5 × 10 7 Feeding per mL. And opening the air purification system and the culture water filtering and circulating system, wherein the culture water passes through the culture water filtering and circulating system, can filter impurities and then enters the culture pond again for recycling after the sterilization operation of ozone, ultraviolet rays and sodium hypochlorite.
(2) After D-shaped larvae are cultured for 20D, when 20% of larvae have eyespot, adding sterilized attaching medium (120 pieces/string) into the seedling culture pond, wherein the adding amount is 60 strings/m 3 . The bait feeding amount is increased to 1 × 10 per day 8 One per mL, other culture conditions were unchanged. The larvae are cultured until the shell height reaches 2mm, and then the larvae can be transferred to a juvenile mollusk culture pond for culture.
(3) Seawater with salinity of 26 is prepared in a seawater preparation tank and is pumped into a juvenile mollusk culture pond. A fixed bent is arranged in the juvenile mollusk culture pond, the attaching bases are hung on the fixed bent for juvenile mollusk culture, and the hanging density is 5 strings/m 3 Starting the air purification system and the culture water filtering and circulating system. The culture conditions are as follows: water temperature 22The light intensity is 500LX, the pH value of seawater is 7.8, and the dissolved oxygen in the seawater is 8mg/L.
(4) When the average shell height of the oyster reaches 12.0 cm, the salinity is adjusted to be 30, the culture is continued for 30d, and then the oyster is harvested.
(5) The harvested oysters are processed and packaged into finished products in a GMP processing workshop, wherein the fresh and alive oysters are prepared into fresh and alive oysters for eating through cleaning and aseptic packaging; the frozen raw oyster is prepared after shelling, cleaning, quick freezing and aseptic packaging.
Through detection, the finished oysters harvested in the step (4) do not contain common parasites such as Hexatiadina, haematococcus filiformis and Pectinatus, common vibrio such as Vibrio cholerae, and norovirus.
Experimental example 1
The experimental groups were set as shown in table 1, and the baits were fed with chlorella, chaetoceros gracilis, and tetraselmis, respectively. Other operations refer to step (1) of example 1, i.e., seawater with salinity of 25 is prepared in a seawater preparation tank and pumped into a seedling culture pond. According to 10/mL cultivation, D-shaped larvae of crassostrea gigas are put into a seedling cultivation pond, the water temperature is adjusted to be 20 ℃, the illumination intensity is 400LX, the seawater pH is 7.8, and the dissolved oxygen in the seawater is 6mg/L, and the D-shaped larvae are cultured for 10 days. After 10 days, the survival rate of the larvae of the experimental groups is counted, and the results are shown in the table 1. As can be seen from table 1, the survival rate of D-form larvae was the highest in the experimental group using chlorella, and thus chlorella was used as the opening material.
TABLE 1
| Experimental group | Bait material | Survival rate of D-shaped larva |
| 1 | Chlorella vulgaris | 52.9％ |
| 2 | Chaetoceros gracilis | 30.4％ |
| 3 | Platymonas subcordiformis (Fr.) Kuntze | 26.9％ |
Experimental example 2
The quantitative ratios of Chaetoceros gracilis, platymonas subcordiformis and Chlorella in step (1) of example 1 were adjusted as shown in Table 2, and the other operations were performed in the same manner as in step (1) of example 1 to set up experimental groups. After 20 days of culture, the survival rate of D-shaped larvae is counted, and the results are shown in Table 2. The results show that the survival rate of D-larvae is highest when the ratio of the number of chaetoceros gracilis, platymonas fasciata and Chlorella is 1.
TABLE 2
Experimental example 3
The salinity of the seawater in the step (1) of the example 1 was adjusted to 21, 23, 25, 27 and 29, respectively, and the other operations were the same as the step (1) of the example 1. After 20 days of culture, the survival rate of D-shaped larvae is counted, and the results are shown in Table 3. The results show that the survival rate of D-form larvae is highest at salinity of 25.
TABLE 3
| Experimental group | Salinity (‰) | Survival rate of D-shaped larva |
| 1 | 21 | 30.1％ |
| 2 | 23 | 35.8％ |
| 3 | 25 | 50.5％ |
| 4 | 27 | 11.7％ |
| 5 | 29 | 1.9％ |
Experimental example 4
100 strings of young shellfish obtained by the culture in the step (2) of the example 1 are taken and divided into 5 groups (20 strings in each group), the salinity is respectively adjusted to be 24, 25, 26, 27 and 28, the operation is the same as the step (3) of the example 1, the young shellfish culture is carried out, the survival rate and the average quality of the oysters are counted after 12 months, and the result is shown in a table 4. The results show that the survival rate and average quality of oysters are highest when the salinity is 26. TABLE 4
Comparative example 1
The difference from example 1 is that the artificial seawater was replaced with natural seawater obtained from coastal areas of Qinzhou city, and sterilized at 121 ℃. After 12 months, the survival rate of the oysters is calculated to be 90.5 percent, and the average mass is 132.7g.
The above-described embodiments are merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention, and various modifications and improvements of the technical solutions of the present invention can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and the technical solutions of the present invention are within the scope of the present invention defined by the claims.
Claims (10)
1. The method for culturing the uncooked edible oysters is carried out in a GMP (good manufacturing practice) culture workshop and comprises the following steps:
(1) Putting D-shaped larvae of oysters into a seedling culture pond filled with sterile seawater, and culturing to obtain young oysters; the D-shaped larvae are aseptic oyster fries bred for more than 5 generations in the GMP breeding workshop;
(2) And putting the young oysters into a young shellfish culture pond filled with sterile seawater, and culturing in a bent frame culture mode to obtain finished oysters, namely the edible oysters.
2. The cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein a seawater preparation tank, a cultivation pond, an air purification system and a cultivation water filtration and circulation system are arranged in the GMP cultivation workshop.
3. The cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein the sterile seawater used in step (1) and step (2) is prepared by adding an inorganic salt mixture into purified water according to the required salinity, wherein the inorganic salt mixture comprises the following components in parts by weight: naCl 15 parts, mgSO 4 1 part of CaCl 2 0.5 part of,KCl 0.2 parts and NaHCO 3 0.05 part.
4. The cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step (1), the salinity of the seawater in the seedling cultivation pond is 25.
5. The cultivation method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), in the first 20D of the D-shaped larvae cultivation, the bait for the first 10D is chlorella, and the bait for the last 10D is a mixed alga consisting of Chaetoceros gracilis, platymonas fasciata and chlorella.
6. The culture method according to claim 5, wherein the ratio of the amount of the Chaetoceros gracilis, platymonas subcordiformis and Chlorella is 1:1:2.
7. the cultivation method as claimed in claim 5, wherein the feed amount of the first 10d bait is 1 x 10 per day 5 The bait feed amount is 0.5 × 10 per day after 10 days 7 One per mL.
8. The farming method of claim 1, wherein in step (1), the farming conditions of the D-larvae include: the water temperature is 20 ℃, the illumination intensity is 400LX, the pH value of the seawater is 7.8, and the dissolved oxygen in the seawater is 6mg/L.
9. The cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the salinity of the seawater is adjusted to be 30 before the average shell height of the oysters reaches 12.0 cm and the salinity of the seawater is adjusted to be 26 after the average shell height of the oysters reaches 12.0 cm.
10. The breeding method according to claim 1, wherein in step (2), the breeding conditions of the young shellfish include: the water temperature is 22 ℃, the illumination intensity is 500LX, the pH value of the seawater is 7.8, and the dissolved oxygen in the seawater is 8mg/L.
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