CN105875453A - Crossbreeding method for improving high-temperature tolerance of patinopecten yesoensis - Google Patents
Crossbreeding method for improving high-temperature tolerance of patinopecten yesoensis Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a crossbreeding method capable of improving the high-temperature tolerance of patinopecten yesoensis. Female patinopecten yesoensis and amusium pleuronectes are used as parent scallops, and insemination is carried out at a water temperature of 18-19 DEG C, wherein the fertilization rate of sperm and egg cell is high, the embryo and larvae develop quickly, the time of developing into D-shaped larvae and juveniles is remarkably shortened, hybrid scallop seedlings with fast growth and strong stress resistance can be provided, the ability of final scallop and offspring hybrid scallop adapting to a high-temperature environment is enhanced, the death does not occur when the sea water temperature reaches 26 DEG C, and the farming range of patinopecten yesoensis can be expanded.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to marine shellfish genetic breeding field, a kind of cross breeding method improving Patinopecten (Mizuhopecten) yessoensis high temperature tolerance.
Background technology
Patinopecten (Mizuhopecten) yessoensis (Pationopecten yessoensis) individual big, growth is fast, is the coastal main culturing economic shellfish of northern China.The eighties in 20th century, the most successfully it introduced China from Japan and realize mass rearing technology.But owing to Patinopecten (Mizuhopecten) yessoensis originates in Hokkaido, Japan, its life water temperature is less than 23 DEG C, as massive mortality phenomenon will occur when artificial cultivation water temperature reaches 23 DEG C, causes tremendous economic loss to raiser, also just because of this, Patinopecten (Mizuhopecten) yessoensis is the most only in coastal cultivation such as Changhais, Dalian.
Long rib life shellfish (Amusium pleuronectes) be subordinate to Bivalvia (Bivalvia), Margarita mesh (Pterioida), Pectenidae (Pectinidae), life shellfish belong to (Amusium).Long rib life shellfish is individual greatly, it is fast, nutritious to grow, meat flavour is delicious, and its dry products is famous and precious precious marine product " belt ".This shellfish hermaphroditism, for warm water species, as China traditional economy shellfish, is mainly distributed on the region such as Hainan, Coast of Guangdong Province.
Patinopecten (Mizuhopecten) yessoensis and long rib life shellfish belong in classification and not belonging to together, and the most of the same race, long-term geographical isolation makes the two there is significant difference in terms of biology.Up to now, also not about Patinopecten (Mizuhopecten) yessoensis and the relevant report of long rib life shellfish distant hybridization breeding.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is to solve the above-mentioned deficiency existing for prior art, proposes a kind of cross breeding method improving Patinopecten (Mizuhopecten) yessoensis high temperature tolerance,
The technical solution of the present invention is: a kind of cross breeding method improving Patinopecten (Mizuhopecten) yessoensis high temperature tolerance, it is characterized in that carrying out as follows:
A. long rib life shellfish and the female shellfish of Patinopecten (Mizuhopecten) yessoensis are chosen as hybridization parent shellfish；
B. artificial culture makes hybridization parent's shellfish gonad the most ripe；
C. hasten parturition and obtain Patinopecten (Mizuhopecten) yessoensis female shellfish ovum and long rib life shellfish sperm；
D. ovum and sperm are carried out copulation, produces germ cell and by incubating oosperm to D-shaped larva；
E. by D-shaped larvae cultivation to juvenile mollusk.
When long rib life shellfish growth marine site, sea water rises to 24 ~ 25 DEG C, and the long rib life shellfish choosing 2 ages more than is hybridization parent shellfish；When Patinopecten (Mizuhopecten) yessoensis growth marine site, sea water rises to 2 ~ 3 DEG C, and the female shellfish of Patinopecten (Mizuhopecten) yessoensis choosing 2 ages more than is hybridization parent shellfish.
After close for hybridization shellfish washing and sterilizing, being respectively put in different cultivation ponds cultivation, culture density is 10 ~ 15/m3Water body, sooner or later respectively throw something and feed a chrysophyceae and Nitzschia closterium minutissima mixed algae and yeast powder and sargassum thunbergii powder fermentation liquid, described mixed algae feeding volume every day is 10 ~ 150,000/ml water body, and described fermentation liquid addition is 5 ~ 8 ppm/m3Water body；The cultivation water temperature of long rib life parent shellfish, from the beginning of 24 ~ 25 DEG C, lowers the temperature 0.5 DEG C every day, until being cooled to 18 ± 0.5 DEG C, constant temperature is cultivated to gonad maturity, and the cultivation water temperature of Patinopecten (Mizuhopecten) yessoensis parent shellfish, from the beginning of 2 ~ 3 DEG C, heats up 0.5 DEG C every day, until being warming up to 7 ± 0.5 DEG C, constant temperature is cultivated to gonad maturity.
Dry in the shade under normal temperature condition 2 h by the hybridization parent shellfish of described gonad maturity, stimulation by running water hybridization parent shellfish 0.5 ~ 1 h again, female for Patinopecten (Mizuhopecten) yessoensis shellfish is put in 12 DEG C of sea water that ultraviolet irradiates, long rib life shellfish is put in 20 DEG C of sea water that ultraviolet irradiates, collect ovum and the sperm of long rib life shellfish discharge that Patinopecten (Mizuhopecten) yessoensis is produced respectively.
The sperm that described collection long rib life shellfish is discharged is when long rib life shellfish parent shellfish row's essence, is immersed by the long rib life shellfish parent shellfish of row's essence and is loaded with in the sea container that ultraviolet irradiates 20 DEG C, and long rib life shellfish parent shellfish continues row essence 5 ~ 10 min, collects sperm.
As sea water pH is increased to 9.0 ~ 9.2 by hydro-oxidation sodium solution in the 20 DEG C of sea water of ultraviolet irradiation being soaked with long rib life shellfish, long rib life shellfish parent shellfish row's essence can be accelerated.
The sperm that described collection long rib life shellfish is discharged is to obtain long rib life shellfish Male reproduction by anatomic method, the gonad of acquisition is filled in 0.2 ‰ ammonia sea water beakers by 600 eye mesh screens, and in beaker, add final concentration of 0.2 ~ 0.5 ppm calf serum activation, collect sperm after activation 20 ~ 30 min.
Described Step d is as follows: the ocean temperature in recovery of ova is slowly increased to 18 ~ 19 DEG C, the ocean temperature collected in sperm is slowly reduced to 18 ~ 19 DEG C, long rib life shellfish sperm and Patinopecten (Mizuhopecten) yessoensis ovum are mixed fertilization in the ratio of 10 ~ 15:1,18 ~ 19 DEG C of seawater salinities are adjusted to 33.5 ~ 34.0 by prefecundation, fertilization process makes wave pump agitation water body with low-power, essence, ovum is made to be evenly distributed and ultimately form germ cell, germ cell is hatched in hatchery to D-shaped larva, micro-inflation during hatching, stirs water once per hour.
nullDescribed step e is as follows: select excellent by described D-shaped larva with 400 eye mesh screens，Move on to cultivate air-charging incubation in pond，Cultivating D-shaped larvae cultivation density in pond is 12 ~ 15 ind/ml，Cultivate sea water in pond all to filter through three grades of sand，Cultivate water temperature 18 ~ 19 DEG C，PH is 8.02 ~ 8.15，Salinity is 32.3 ~ 33.1，Cultivate pond and sooner or later respectively change water once every day，Every day, quantity of exchanged water was 80 ~ 150%，Described D-shaped larva open-mouthed bait is chrysophyceae，Every day, feeding volume was 1.5 ~ 2.0 ten thousand/ml water body，When D-shaped larva average shell a length of 120 m，Start throw something and feed chrysophyceae and Nitzschia closterium minutissima，Every day, chrysophyceae feeding volume was 2.0 ~ 2.5 ten thousand/ml water body，Every day, rhombus algae feeding volume was 1.5 ~ 2.0 ten thousand/ml water body；When D-shaped larva average shell a length of 160 m, mending and throw flat algae on the basis of described bait of throwing something and feeding, flat algae feeding volume every day is 0.5 ~ 1.0 ten thousand/ml water body, until growing up to juvenile mollusk.
The present invention is using the female shellfish of Patinopecten (Mizuhopecten) yessoensis and long rib life shellfish as parent shellfish, inseminate under conditions of water temperature 18 ~ 19 DEG C, sperm, Oocyte fertilization are high, embryo and larval development speed is fast, growth was significantly shortened to the time of D-shaped larva and juvenile mollusk, it is possible to provide growth is fast, the hybridization spat kind of strong stress resistance, and the ability of the final scallop obtained and filial generation scallop hybrid adaptation hot environment has strengthened, sea water reach 26 DEG C still without the phenomena of mortality occur, the cultivation scope of Patinopecten (Mizuhopecten) yessoensis can be expanded.
Detailed description of the invention
The present invention improves the cross breeding method of Patinopecten (Mizuhopecten) yessoensis high temperature tolerance, carries out as follows:
A. long rib life shellfish and the female shellfish of Patinopecten (Mizuhopecten) yessoensis are chosen as hybridization parent shellfish:
In mid-March, when long rib life shellfish growth marine site, sea water rises to 24 ~ 25 DEG C, and the long rib life shellfish choosing 2 ages more than is hybridization parent shellfish；When Patinopecten (Mizuhopecten) yessoensis growth marine site, sea water rises to 2 ~ 3 DEG C, and the female shellfish of Patinopecten (Mizuhopecten) yessoensis choosing 2 ages more than is hybridization parent shellfish.
B. artificial culture makes hybridization parent's shellfish gonad the most ripe:
After close for hybridization shellfish washing and sterilizing, being respectively put in different cultivation ponds cultivation, culture density is 10 ~ 15/m3Water body, sooner or later respectively throw something and feed a chrysophyceae and Nitzschia closterium minutissima mixed algae and yeast powder and sargassum thunbergii powder fermentation liquid, described mixed algae feeding volume every day is 10 ~ 150,000/ml water body, and described fermentation liquid addition is 5 ~ 8 ppm/m3Water body；The cultivation water temperature of long rib life parent shellfish, from the beginning of 24 ~ 25 DEG C, lowers the temperature 0.5 DEG C every day, until being cooled to 18 ± 0.5 DEG C, constant temperature is cultivated to gonad maturity, and the cultivation water temperature of Patinopecten (Mizuhopecten) yessoensis parent shellfish, from the beginning of 2 ~ 3 DEG C, heats up 0.5 DEG C every day, until being warming up to 7 ± 0.5 DEG C, constant temperature is cultivated to gonad maturity.So, it is ensured that long rib life parent's shellfish gonad and Patinopecten (Mizuhopecten) yessoensis parent's shellfish gonad are the most ripe.
C. hasten parturition and obtain Patinopecten (Mizuhopecten) yessoensis female shellfish ovum and long rib life shellfish sperm:
Dry in the shade under normal temperature condition 2 h by the hybridization parent shellfish of described gonad maturity, stimulation by running water hybridization parent shellfish 0.5 ~ 1 h again, female for Patinopecten (Mizuhopecten) yessoensis shellfish is put in 12 DEG C of sea water that ultraviolet irradiates, long rib life shellfish is put in 20 DEG C of sea water that ultraviolet irradiates, collect ovum and the sperm of long rib life shellfish discharge that Patinopecten (Mizuhopecten) yessoensis is produced respectively, when i.e. finding long rib life shellfish parent shellfish row's essence, immediately the long rib life shellfish parent shellfish of row's essence is immersed and be loaded with in the sea container that ultraviolet irradiates 20 DEG C, long rib life shellfish parent's Becquerel continues row essence 5 ~ 10 min, collects sperm.
As slow in long rib life shellfish parent shellfish row's essence, in 20 DEG C of sea water that the ultraviolet being soaked with long rib life shellfish irradiates, hydro-oxidation sodium solution sea water pH can be increased to 9.0 ~ 9.2, accelerate long rib life shellfish parent shellfish row's essence.
Long rib life shellfish Male reproduction can also be obtained by anatomic method, the gonad of acquisition is filled in 0.2 ‰ ammonia sea water beakers by 600 eye mesh screens, and in beaker, add final concentration of 0.2 ~ 0.5 ppm calf serum activation, collect sperm after activation 20 ~ 30 min.
D. ovum and sperm are carried out copulation, produce germ cell and by incubating oosperm to D-shaped larva:
Ocean temperature in recovery of ova is slowly increased to 18 ~ 19 DEG C, the ocean temperature collected in sperm is slowly reduced to 18 ~ 19 DEG C, long rib life shellfish sperm and Patinopecten (Mizuhopecten) yessoensis ovum are mixed fertilization in the ratio of 10 ~ 15:1,18 ~ 19 DEG C of seawater salinities are adjusted to 33.5 ~ 34.0 by prefecundation, fertilization process makes wave pump agitation water body with low-power, essence, ovum is made to be evenly distributed and ultimately form germ cell, germ cell is hatched in hatchery to D-shaped larva, micro-inflation during hatching, stirs water once per hour.
E. by D-shaped larvae cultivation to juvenile mollusk:
nullDescribed D-shaped larva is selected excellent with 400 eye mesh screens，Move on to cultivate air-charging incubation in pond，Cultivating D-shaped larvae cultivation density in pond is 12 ~ 15 ind/ml，Cultivate sea water in pond all to filter through three grades of sand，Cultivate water temperature 18 ~ 19 DEG C，PH is 8.02 ~ 8.15，Salinity is 32.3 ~ 33.1，Cultivate pond and sooner or later respectively change water once every day，Every day, quantity of exchanged water was 80 ~ 150%，Described D-shaped larva open-mouthed bait is chrysophyceae，Every day, feeding volume was 1.5 ~ 2.0 ten thousand/ml water body，When D-shaped larva average shell a length of 120 m，Start throw something and feed chrysophyceae and Nitzschia closterium minutissima，Every day, chrysophyceae feeding volume was 2.0 ~ 2.5 ten thousand/ml water body，Every day, rhombus algae feeding volume was 1.5 ~ 2.0 ten thousand/ml water body；When D-shaped larva average shell a length of 160 m, mending and throw flat algae on the basis of described bait of throwing something and feeding, flat algae feeding volume every day is 0.5 ~ 1.0 ten thousand/ml water body, until growing up to juvenile mollusk.And commonly Patinopecten (Mizuhopecten) yessoensis larva the most suitable growth developmental temperature is 15.0 ~ 17.5 DEG C, water temperature arrives 19.0 DEG C of survival rates and substantially reduces.
Conventionally juvenile mollusk is cultivated, it is thus achieved that the filial generation scallop hybrid of the merits such as growth is fast, individuality is big, high temperature resistant.When sea water reach 26 DEG C still without the phenomena of mortality occur, gained becomes shellfish at the aspect such as outward appearance, character close to Patinopecten (Mizuhopecten) yessoensis, can be extended to the cultivation of the coastal waters such as Shandong, expand the cultivation scope of Patinopecten (Mizuhopecten) yessoensis.
Claims (9)
1. improve a cross breeding method for Patinopecten (Mizuhopecten) yessoensis high temperature tolerance, it is characterized in that carrying out as follows:
A. long rib life shellfish and the female shellfish of Patinopecten (Mizuhopecten) yessoensis are chosen as hybridization parent shellfish；
B. artificial culture makes hybridization parent's shellfish gonad the most ripe；
C. hasten parturition and obtain Patinopecten (Mizuhopecten) yessoensis female shellfish ovum and long rib life shellfish sperm；
D. ovum and sperm are carried out copulation, produces germ cell and by incubating oosperm to D-shaped larva；
E. by D-shaped larvae cultivation to juvenile mollusk.
The cross breeding method of raising Patinopecten (Mizuhopecten) yessoensis high temperature tolerance the most according to claim 1, is characterized in that described a step is as follows: when long rib life shellfish growth marine site, sea water rises to 24 ~ 25 DEG C, and the long rib life shellfish choosing 2 ages more than is hybridization parent shellfish；When Patinopecten (Mizuhopecten) yessoensis growth marine site, sea water rises to 2 ~ 3 DEG C, and the female shellfish of Patinopecten (Mizuhopecten) yessoensis choosing 2 ages more than is hybridization parent shellfish.
The cross breeding method of raising Patinopecten (Mizuhopecten) yessoensis high temperature tolerance the most according to claim 1, is characterized in that described b step is as follows: after close for hybridization shellfish washing and sterilizing, being respectively put in different cultivation ponds cultivation, culture density is 10 ~ 15/m3Water body, sooner or later respectively throw something and feed a chrysophyceae and Nitzschia closterium minutissima mixed algae and yeast powder and sargassum thunbergii powder fermentation liquid, described mixed algae feeding volume every day is 10 ~ 150,000/ml water body, and described fermentation liquid addition is 5 ~ 8 ppm/m3Water body；The cultivation water temperature of long rib life parent shellfish, from the beginning of 24 ~ 25 DEG C, lowers the temperature 0.5 DEG C every day, until being cooled to 18 ± 0.5 DEG C, constant temperature is cultivated to gonad maturity, and the cultivation water temperature of Patinopecten (Mizuhopecten) yessoensis parent shellfish, from the beginning of 2 ~ 3 DEG C, heats up 0.5 DEG C every day, until being warming up to 7 ± 0.5 DEG C, constant temperature is cultivated to gonad maturity.
The cross breeding method of raising Patinopecten (Mizuhopecten) yessoensis high temperature tolerance the most according to claim 3, it is characterized in that described step c is as follows: dry in the shade under normal temperature condition 2 h by the hybridization parent shellfish of described gonad maturity, stimulation by running water hybridization parent shellfish 0.5 ~ 1 h again, female for Patinopecten (Mizuhopecten) yessoensis shellfish is put in 12 DEG C of sea water that ultraviolet irradiates, long rib life shellfish is put in 20 DEG C of sea water that ultraviolet irradiates, collect ovum and the sperm of long rib life shellfish discharge that Patinopecten (Mizuhopecten) yessoensis is produced respectively.
The cross breeding method of raising Patinopecten (Mizuhopecten) yessoensis high temperature tolerance the most according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: the sperm that described collection long rib life shellfish is discharged is when long rib life shellfish parent shellfish row's essence, the long rib life shellfish parent shellfish of row's essence is immersed and is loaded with in the sea container that ultraviolet irradiates 20 DEG C, long rib life shellfish parent shellfish continues row essence 5 ~ 10 min, collects sperm.
The cross breeding method of raising Patinopecten (Mizuhopecten) yessoensis high temperature tolerance the most according to claim 4, it is characterised in that: in 20 DEG C of sea water that the ultraviolet being soaked with long rib life shellfish irradiates, sea water pH is increased to 9.0 ~ 9.2 by hydro-oxidation sodium solution.
The cross breeding method of raising Patinopecten (Mizuhopecten) yessoensis high temperature tolerance the most according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: the sperm that described collection long rib life shellfish is discharged is to obtain long rib life shellfish Male reproduction by anatomic method, the gonad of acquisition is filled in 0.2 ‰ ammonia sea water beakers by 600 eye mesh screens, and in beaker, add final concentration of 0.2 ~ 0.5 ppm calf serum activation, collect sperm after activation 20 ~ 30 min.
8. according to claim 4, 5, 6, the cross breeding method improving Patinopecten (Mizuhopecten) yessoensis high temperature tolerance described in 7, it is characterized in that described Step d is as follows: the ocean temperature in recovery of ova is slowly increased to 18 ~ 19 DEG C, the ocean temperature collected in sperm is slowly reduced to 18 ~ 19 DEG C, long rib life shellfish sperm and Patinopecten (Mizuhopecten) yessoensis ovum are mixed fertilization in the ratio of 10 ~ 15:1, 18 ~ 19 DEG C of seawater salinities are adjusted to 33.5 ~ 34.0 by prefecundation, fertilization process makes wave pump agitation water body with low-power, make essence, ovum is evenly distributed and ultimately forms germ cell, germ cell is hatched in hatchery to D-shaped larva, micro-inflation during hatching, stir water per hour once.
The cross breeding method of raising Patinopecten (Mizuhopecten) yessoensis high temperature tolerance the most according to claim 8, it is characterized in that described step e is as follows: select excellent by described D-shaped larva with 400 eye mesh screens, move on to cultivate air-charging incubation in pond, cultivating D-shaped larvae cultivation density in pond is 12 ~ 15 ind/ml, cultivate sea water in pond all to filter through three grades of sand, cultivating water temperature 18 ~ 19 DEG C, pH is 8.02 ~
8.15, salinity is 32.3 ~ 33.1, cultivate pond and sooner or later respectively change water once every day, every day, quantity of exchanged water was 80 ~ 150%, and described D-shaped larva open-mouthed bait is chrysophyceae, and every day, feeding volume was 1.5 ~ 2.0 ten thousand/ml water body, when D-shaped larva average shell a length of 120 m, starting throw something and feed chrysophyceae and Nitzschia closterium minutissima, every day, chrysophyceae feeding volume was 2.0 ~ 2.5 ten thousand/ml water body, and every day, rhombus algae feeding volume was 1.5 ~ 2.0 ten thousand/ml water body；Treat the average shell of D-shaped larva a length of 160
During m, mending and throw flat algae on the basis of described bait of throwing something and feeding, flat algae feeding volume every day is 0.5 ~ 1.0 ten thousand/ml water body, until growing up to juvenile mollusk.
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| CN107616122A (en) * | 2017-09-14 | 2018-01-23 | 广东海洋大学 | A kind of method of rapid induction large nacre parent shellfish row essence spawning |
| CN108124799A (en) * | 2017-12-22 | 2018-06-08 | 钦州市钦州港国鸿水产养殖专业合作社 | A kind of big oyster cultural method |
| CN108633799A (en) * | 2018-01-21 | 2018-10-12 | 青岛海弘达生物科技有限公司 | The breeding method of female Patinopecten yessoensis and male Alaska scallop first-filial generation commodity offspring seed |
| CN108633799B (en) * | 2018-01-21 | 2021-09-10 | 青岛海弘达生物科技有限公司 | First-filial generation cultivation method for female patinopecten yessoensis and male alaska scallop |
| CN109287533A (en) * | 2018-09-17 | 2019-02-01 | 大连海洋大学 | Scallop hybrid seed method for scaled breeding and equipment |
| CN109287533B (en) * | 2018-09-17 | 2024-02-27 | 大连海洋大学 | Large-scale breeding method and equipment for hybrid scallop offspring seeds |
| CN109496932A (en) * | 2018-12-20 | 2019-03-22 | 龙口市温流水育苗养殖有限公司 | A kind of Xiayi shellfish cultural method |
| CN112868942A (en) * | 2021-02-26 | 2021-06-01 | 大连海洋大学 | Macro-algae fermentation product capable of being used as bivalve shellfish bait and preparation method and application thereof |
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