CN101589698B - Method for artificially cultivating Sipunculus nudus Linnaeus - Google Patents

Method for artificially cultivating Sipunculus nudus Linnaeus Download PDF

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CN101589698B
CN101589698B CN2009101114348A CN200910111434A CN101589698B CN 101589698 B CN101589698 B CN 101589698B CN 2009101114348 A CN2009101114348 A CN 2009101114348A CN 200910111434 A CN200910111434 A CN 200910111434A CN 101589698 B CN101589698 B CN 101589698B
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sipunculus nudus
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曾志南
林向阳
刘波
宁岳
叶金聪
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Fujian Fisheries Research Institute
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Abstract

The invention discloses a method for artificially cultivating Sipunculus nudus Linnaeus, which provides an artificially cultivating technical method comprising parent Sipunculus nudus Linnaeus cultivation, artificially induced spawning, planktonic larvae cultivation and naiad cultivation aiming at the problem that Sipunculus nudus Linnaeus cannot be artificially cultivated and produced in large scale currently, and realizes the large scale artificial cultivation of the Sipunculus nudus Linnaeus to satisfy the demands for aquaculture production development.

Description

The artificial raise seedling method of nude Sipunculus nudus
Technical field
The present invention relates to the artificial raise seedling method of a kind of siphon-worm, relate to a kind of artificial raise seedling method of bare Sipunculus nudus especially.
Background technology
Nude Sipunculus nudus Sipunculus nudus is commonly called as " sandworm ", is subordinate to sipunculan door Sipunculida Sipunculus nudus and belongs to, and is the water warm cosmopolitan.China is coastal all a distribution from south to north, wherein with North Sea resource than horn of plenty.Sipunculus nudus is the kind that has important economic implications in the marine fishery resources, is one of famous marine products treasure, and at home and abroad market is in very great demand for the dry product of its bright product and processing thereof.Sipunculus nudus has high nutritive value, and according to existing bibliographical information, Sipunculus nudus dry weight individuality contains crude protein 73.77 weight %, ash content 17.44 weight %, total reducing sugar 5.34 weight %, crude fat 0.67 weight % is a kind of high protein, high ash content, low-fat marine product.In addition, the amino acid A wide selection of colours and designs that contains in the Sipunculus nudus is rich in the amino acid of taurine (3.12%), arginine (6.72%) and needed by human.In addition, siphon-worm also can be used as medicine, and the experiment of its extract shows that the contained active component of Sipunculus nudus has antifatigue, delays senility, the effect of enhance immunity, adjusting blood pressure, lactagogue, nourishing Yin and falling fire, clearing lung and eliminating phlegm.Therefore, bare Sipunculus nudus is a kind of marine products kind with important economic worth.Over past ten years; because extremely catching coyoting and sea environment pollutes; the subject to severe risks of damage of siphon-worm natural resources and rapidly decline, therefore the artificial breeding technique of bare Sipunculus nudus has extreme importance, already develops significant for siphon-worm protection of resources and siphon-worm aquaculture.
Nude Sipunculus nudus battalion troglodytism, mainly inhabit in the husky mud environment of deposition of sand, silt substrate and cay, coral reef, algae field in intertidal zone to shallow sea at natural waters, its wide accommodation, strong stress resistance, growth are fast, and 1.6g/ tail Sipunculus nudus was cultured through 6-8 month and can be reached more than the 10g/ tail.Sipunculus nudus mainly ingest benthic diatom and organic debris, its natural distribution density height, scope of activities is little, is husky shale beach and pond breed variety preferably.Since two thousand one, Guangdong, ALONG GUANGXI COAST is adopted from the North Sea and is caught natural Sipunculus nudus seed (specification 600-800/kg) and carry out beach and propagate artificially, obtained favorable economic benefit, the per mu yield value surpasses more than 10,000 yuan, but catch owing to adopt in a large number, natural wild seed reduced day by day in nearly 2 years, the breed scale begins atrophy, the production and the life of culturing the dealer have been badly influenced, culture the dealer and recognized that only relying on natural seeding, wild fry is to satisfy the breeding production growth requirement, therefore press for a kind of bare Sipunculus nudus artificial breeding technique method, to realize fingerlings artificial culturing and production.
The research of siphon-worm is mainly concentrated on classification, form, ecology and the reproductive biology aspect of siphon-worm at present both at home and abroad, but its ripe large-scale artificial seedling growing process was not met report so far as yet.
Summary of the invention
The artificial raise seedling method that the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of bare Sipunculus nudus is to solve the above-mentioned problems in the prior art.This artificial raise seedling method is at the artificial breeding production on a large scale of present bare Sipunculus nudus; provide a kind of and comprise that close worm cultivation, artificial induced spawning, floating larvae are cultivated, the artificial breeding technique method of naiad cultivation; realize that the large-scale artificial of bare Sipunculus nudus grows seedlings, to satisfy the breeding production development need.
The technical solution used in the present invention is as follows:
The artificial raise seedling method of nude Sipunculus nudus is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:
A, close worm cultivate: select health, body surface not damaged from the sea area, the siphon-worm reinforced cultivating of specification<120/kg 12 months;
B, artificial induced spawning: in mating season, close worm pulled out dry in the shade 1~4 hour, the stimulation by running water of putting into the spawning inducing pool water temperature and be 25~32 ℃ is laid eggs, and lays eggs and collects the come-up trochophore in back second day;
C, larvae cultivation: the trochophore of collecting is put into nursery pond cultivate, cultivate 0.5~1/ml of density, cultivate 25~35 ℃ of water temperatures, with 0.8~1.2 gas stone/m 3Inflation is thrown something and fed unicellular alga or manufactured feed II number 2 times every day; Day is changed water 1~2 time, each quantity of exchanged water 20~50%; Described Feed II number mainly comprises 45~50 weight % fish meal, 2~3 weight % yeast, 15~25 weight % dregs of beans, 10~20 weight % peanut meals, 5~15 weight % corns and 2~4 weight % mineral matters;
D, larva attaching substratum are thrown in: through 10~15 days larvae cultivations, it was thick to throw in attaching substratum to 4~5cm, made the abnormal formation naiad of larva thereon;
E, naiad cultivate: the naiad that obtains in the steps d is continued to cultivate in cultivating the pond, cultivate density 0.5~5.0 ten thousand/m 2, cultivate 28~35 ℃ of water temperatures, with 0.8~1.2 gas stone/m 3Inflation is thrown something and fed benthic diatom or manufactured feed I number 2 times every day; Day is changed water 1~2 time, each quantity of exchanged water 20~50%; Mainly comprise 30~35 weight % fish meal, 2~3 weight % yeast, 20~30 weight % dregs of beans, 20~30 weight % peanut meals, 5~15 weight % corns and 2~4 weight % mineral matters for described feed I number; Through cultivation in 60~90 days, obtain the bare Sipunculus nudus seedling that manually to put in a suitable place to breed.
In the artificial raise seedling method of aforementioned bare Sipunculus nudus, feed I number gross protein value is 40~45 weight %, crude fat content 8~9 weight %, carbohydrate 25~30 weight %; Gross protein value 45~50 weight %, crude fat content 10~11 weight %, carbohydrate 18~22 weight % of Feed II number.
In the artificial raise seedling method of aforementioned bare Sipunculus nudus, described attaching substratum is the fine sand of particle diameter 50~1000 μ m, and larva is about to take place abnormal after through 10~15 days cultivation, at this moment, the attaching substratum that drops in nursery pond can improve larval metamorphosis rate and survival rate.
In the artificial raise seedling method of aforementioned bare Sipunculus nudus, be 6~October described mating season.
In the artificial raise seedling method of aforementioned bare Sipunculus nudus, the condition that close worm is cultivated described in the step a is: cultivate 40~50/m of density at the cement pit that is covered with the thick sand bed of 25~30cm 2, with 0.4~0.6 gas stone/m 3Inflation is thrown something and fed aforementioned manufactured feed I number 1 time every day, and feeding volume 5~10ppm changes water every day 1 time, quantity of exchanged water 100%.
In the artificial raise seedling method of aforementioned bare Sipunculus nudus, the flowing water speed of the stimulation by running water described in the step b is 30~50cm/ second.
In the artificial raise seedling method of aforementioned bare Sipunculus nudus, the unicellular alga among the step c is a kind of in Chaetoceros, Phaeodactylum tricornutum, Dicrateria inornata, Isochrysis galbana, chlorella or the flat algae.The density of throwing something and feeding of Chaetoceros among the step c, Phaeodactylum tricornutum, Dicrateria inornata, Isochrysis galbana or chlorella is 1~20,000 cell/ml, and the density of throwing something and feeding of flat algae is 0.3~0.5 ten thousand cell/ml.
In the artificial raise seedling method of aforementioned bare Sipunculus nudus, feeding volume 1~2ppm every day of the manufactured feed II among the step c number.
In the artificial raise seedling method of aforementioned bare Sipunculus nudus, feeding volume 3~5ppm every day of the manufactured feed I among the step e number.
In the artificial raise seedling method of aforementioned bare Sipunculus nudus, described benthic diatom obtains by the following method, chooses PVC film (specification 1m * 1m) as substrate, clean standby; Be laid in the inoculation pond that is placed with the algae kind binding finger stone in the middle of the above-mentioned film, allow the algae kind breed thereon and make.
Compared with prior art; the present invention has realized that the large-scale artificial of bare Sipunculus nudus grows seedlings; and according to the own characteristic of Sipunculus nudus; by steps of growing seedlings such as close worm hot housing, artificial induced spawning, larvae cultivation, the input of larva attaching substratum, naiad cultivations; utilize the mode of artificial induced spawning to stimulate Sipunculus nudus to lay eggs; and make the larva that is about to metamorphosis pay generation metamorphosis on the matrix; improve distortion ratio and the abnormal survival rate of larva; overcome the technical bottleneck of Sipunculus nudus artificial breeding, cultivate and obtain healthy Sipunculus nudus naiad.The feed I that is provided among the present invention number gross protein value is 40~45 weight %, crude fat content 8~9 weight %, carbohydrate 25~30 weight %; Manufactured feed II number gross protein value 45~50 weight %, crude fat content 10~11 weight %, carbohydrate 18~22 weight %; Can satisfy the growth needs of close worm, naiad or larva respectively.
Embodiment
Can further understand the present invention by the embodiment of the invention given below; following examples only are several specific embodiment of the present invention; but design concept of the present invention is not limited thereto; allly utilize this design that the present invention is carried out the change of unsubstantiality, all should belong to the behavior of invading protection domain of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
One, close worm is cultivated:
Select health, body surface not damaged from the sea area, 2000 Sipunculus nudus of specification<120/kg are cultivated at the cement pit that is covered with the thick sand bed of 30cm, with 40/m of breeding density 2, 0.4 gas stone/m 3Inflation, throw something and feed every day manufactured feed I number 1 time, comprise 30 weight % fish meal, 3 weight % yeast, 30 weight % dregs of beans, 20 weight % peanut meals, 13 weight % corns and 4 weight % mineral matters for manufactured feed I number, feeding volume 10ppm, change water every day 1 time, quantity of exchanged water 100%, reinforced cultivating 12 months obtains the close worm of gonad maturity.
Two, artificial induced spawning:
In June, close worm to be pulled out dry in the shade 1 hour, the stimulation by running water of putting into the spawning inducing pool water temperature and be 25 ℃, flowing water speed and be 50cm/ second is laid eggs, and lays eggs and collects the come-up trochophore in back second day.
Three, larvae cultivation:
The trochophore of collecting is put into nursery pond cultivate, cultivate 0.5/ml of density, cultivate 25 ℃ of water temperatures, with 0.8 gas stone/m 3Inflation is thrown something and fed manufactured feed II number 2 times every day, comprises 45 weight % fish meal, 3 weight % yeast, 25 weight % dregs of beans, 20 weight % peanut meals, 5 weight % corns and 2 weight % mineral matters manufactured feed II number, every day feeding volume 1ppm; Day is changed water 1 time, quantity of exchanged water 50%.
Four, the larva attaching substratum is thrown in:
Through 15 days larvae cultivations, throwing in average grain diameter was 100 μ m, and maximum particle diameter is that the fine sand of 600 μ m is thick to 4cm, made the abnormal formation naiad of larva thereon, and the distortion ratio of larva is 55%, and abnormal survival rate is 80%.
Five, naiad is cultivated:
The naiad that obtains is continued to cultivate in cultivating the pond, cultivate 0.5 ten thousand/m of density 2, cultivate 28 ℃ of water temperatures, with 0.8 gas stone/m 3Inflation, the manufactured feed I of the aforementioned proportioning of throwing something and feeding every day number 2 times, every day, feeding volume 3ppm day changed water 1 time, quantity of exchanged water 50%; Through cultivation in 90 days, obtain the bare Sipunculus nudus seedling that manually to put in a suitable place to breed.
Embodiment 2
One, close worm is cultivated:
Select health, body surface not damaged from the sea area, 2000 Sipunculus nudus of specification<120/kg are cultivated at the cement pit that is covered with the thick sand bed of 25cm, with 50/m of breeding density 2, 0.6 gas stone/m 3Inflation, throw something and feed every day manufactured feed I number 1 time, comprise 35 weight % fish meal, 2 weight % yeast, 20 weight % dregs of beans, 26 weight % peanut meals, 15 weight % corns and 2 weight % mineral matters for manufactured feed I number, feeding volume 5ppm, change water every day 1 time, quantity of exchanged water 100%, reinforced cultivating 12 months obtains the close worm of gonad maturity.
Two, artificial induced spawning:
In October, close worm to be pulled out dry in the shade 4 hours, the stimulation by running water of putting into the spawning inducing pool water temperature and be 32 ℃, flowing water speed and be 30cm/ second is laid eggs, and lays eggs and collects the come-up trochophore in back second day.
Three, larvae cultivation:
The trochophore of collecting is put into nursery pond cultivate, cultivate 1/ml of density, cultivate 33 ℃ of water temperatures, with 1.2 gas stone/m 3Inflation is thrown something and fed manufactured feed II number 2 times every day, comprises 50 weight % fish meal, 2 weight % yeast, 15 weight % dregs of beans, 14 weight % peanut meals, 15 weight % corns and 4 weight % mineral matters manufactured feed II number, every day feeding volume 2ppm; Day is changed water 2 times, each quantity of exchanged water 20%.
Four, the larva attaching substratum is thrown in:
Through 10 days larvae cultivations, throwing in average grain diameter was 50 μ m, and maximum particle diameter is that the fine sand of 500 μ m is thick to 5cm, made the abnormal formation naiad of larva thereon, and the distortion ratio of larva is 65%, and abnormal survival rate is 78%.
Five, naiad is cultivated:
The naiad that obtains is continued to cultivate in cultivating the pond, cultivate 5.0 ten thousand/m of density 2, cultivate 33 ℃ of water temperatures, with 1.2 gas stone/m 3Inflation, the manufactured feed I of the aforementioned proportioning of throwing something and feeding every day number 2 times, every day, feeding volume 5ppm day changed water 2 times, each quantity of exchanged water 20%; Through cultivation in 62 days, obtain the bare Sipunculus nudus seedling that manually to put in a suitable place to breed.
Embodiment 3
One, close worm is cultivated:
Select health, body surface not damaged from the sea area, 2000 Sipunculus nudus of specification<120/kg are cultivated at the cement pit that is covered with the thick sand bed of 30cm, with 50/m of breeding density 2, 0.5 gas stone/m 3Inflation, throw something and feed every day manufactured feed I number 1 time, comprise 34 weight % fish meal, 2 weight % yeast, 25 weight % dregs of beans, 30 weight % peanut meals, 5 weight % corns and 4 weight % mineral matters for manufactured feed I number, feeding volume 8ppm, change water every day 1 time, quantity of exchanged water 100%, reinforced cultivating 12 months obtains the close worm of gonad maturity.
Two, artificial induced spawning:
In August, close worm to be pulled out dry in the shade 2 hours, the stimulation by running water of putting into the spawning inducing pool water temperature and be 32 ℃, flowing water speed and be 40cm/ second is laid eggs, and lays eggs and collects the come-up trochophore in back second day.
Three, larvae cultivation:
The trochophore of collecting is put into nursery pond cultivate, cultivate 0.8/ml of density, cultivate 35 ℃ of water temperatures, with 1.0 gas stone/m 3Inflation, the chlorella 2 times of throwing something and feeding every day, the density of throwing something and feeding is 20,000 cell/ml; Day is changed water 2 times, each quantity of exchanged water 25%.
Four, the larva attaching substratum is thrown in:
Through 12 days larvae cultivations, throwing in average grain diameter was 50 μ m, and maximum particle diameter is that the fine sand of 500 μ m is thick to 5cm, made the abnormal formation naiad of larva thereon, and the distortion ratio of larva is 70%, and abnormal survival rate is 80%.
Five, naiad is cultivated:
The naiad that obtains is continued to cultivate in cultivating the pond, cultivate 30,000/m of density 2, cultivate 35 ℃ of water temperatures, with 1.0 gas stone/m 3Inflation, the benthic diatom 2 times of throwing something and feeding every day day is changed water 2 times, each quantity of exchanged water 25%; Through cultivation in 60 days, obtain the bare Sipunculus nudus seedling that manually to put in a suitable place to breed.Employed benthic diatom obtains by the following method, and the PVC film of choosing specification 1m * 1m is cleaned standby as substrate; Then bind finger stone and be laid in the inoculation pond that is placed with the algae kind, allow the algae kind breed thereon and make in the centre of above-mentioned film.

Claims (7)

1. the artificial raise seedling method of bare Sipunculus nudus is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:
A, close worm cultivate: select health, body surface not damaged from the sea area, and the siphon-worm reinforced cultivating of specification<120/kg 12 months, the condition that close worm is cultivated is: cultivate 40~50/m of breeding density at the cement pit that is being covered with the thick sand bed of 25~30cm 2, with 0.4~0.6 gas stone/m 3Inflation is thrown something and fed manufactured feed I number 1 time every day, and feeding volume 5~10ppm changes water every day 1 time, quantity of exchanged water 100%; Mainly comprise 30~35 weight % fish meal, 2~3 weight % yeast, 20~30 weight % dregs of beans, 20~30 weight % peanut meals, 5~15 weight % corns and 2~4 weight % mineral matters for described feed I number;
B, artificial induced spawning: in mating season, close worm pulled out dry in the shade 1~4 hour, the stimulation by running water of putting into the spawning inducing pool water temperature and be 25~32 ℃ is laid eggs, and lays eggs and collects the come-up trochophore in back second day;
C, larvae cultivation: the trochophore of collecting is put into nursery pond cultivate, cultivate 0.5~1/ml of density, cultivate 25~35 ℃ of water temperatures, with 0.8~1.2 gas stone/m 3Inflation is thrown something and fed unicellular alga or manufactured feed II number 2 times every day; Day is changed water 1~2 time, each quantity of exchanged water 20~50%; Mainly comprise 45~50 weight % fish meal, 2~3 weight % yeast, 15~25 weight % dregs of beans, 10~20 weight % peanut meals, 5~15 weight % corns and 2~4 weight % mineral matters for described manufactured feed II number, described unicellular alga is a kind of in Chaetoceros, Phaeodactylum tricornutum, Dicrateria inornata, Isochrysis galbana, chlorella or the flat algae;
D, larva attaching substratum are thrown in: through 10~15 days larvae cultivations, it was thick to throw in attaching substratum to 4~5cm, made the abnormal formation naiad of larva thereon, and described attaching substratum is the fine sand of particle diameter 50~1000 μ m;
E, naiad cultivate: the naiad that obtains in the steps d is continued to cultivate in cultivating the pond, cultivate density 0.5~5.0 ten thousand/m 2, cultivate 28~35 ℃ of water temperatures, with 0.8~1.2 gas stone/m 3Inflation is thrown something and fed benthic diatom or aforementioned manufactured feed I number 2 times every day; Day is changed water 1~2 time, and each quantity of exchanged water 20~50% through cultivation in 60~90 days, obtains the bare Sipunculus nudus seedling that can manually put in a suitable place to breed.
2. according to the artificial raise seedling method of the bare Sipunculus nudus described in the claim 2, it is characterized in that: be June~October described mating season.
3. according to the artificial raise seedling method of the bare Sipunculus nudus described in the claim 2, it is characterized in that: the flowing water speed of the stimulation by running water described in the step b is 30~50cm/ second.
4. according to the artificial raise seedling method of the bare Sipunculus nudus described in the claim 3, it is characterized in that: the density of throwing something and feeding of the Chaetoceros among the step c, Phaeodactylum tricornutum, Dicrateria inornata, Isochrysis galbana or chlorella is 1~20,000 cell/ml, and the density of throwing something and feeding of flat algae is 0.3~0.5 ten thousand cell/ml.
5. according to the artificial raise seedling method of the bare Sipunculus nudus described in the claim 3, it is characterized in that: feeding volume 1~2ppm every day of the manufactured feed II among the step c number.
6. according to the artificial raise seedling method of the bare Sipunculus nudus described in the claim 3, it is characterized in that: feeding volume 3~5ppm every day of the manufactured feed I among the step e number.
7. according to the artificial raise seedling method of the bare Sipunculus nudus described in the claim 3, it is characterized in that: benthic diatom obtains by the following method described in the step e, chooses the PVC film as substrate, cleans standby; Then bind finger stone and be laid in the inoculation pond that is placed with the algae kind, allow the algae kind breed thereon and make in the centre of above-mentioned film.
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