CN102106315B - Method for cultivating sipunculus nudus in pond - Google Patents

Method for cultivating sipunculus nudus in pond Download PDF

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CN102106315B
CN102106315B CN2010105951594A CN201010595159A CN102106315B CN 102106315 B CN102106315 B CN 102106315B CN 2010105951594 A CN2010105951594 A CN 2010105951594A CN 201010595159 A CN201010595159 A CN 201010595159A CN 102106315 B CN102106315 B CN 102106315B
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pond
sipunculus nudus
centimetre
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seed
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CN102106315A (en
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蒋艳
童万平
蔡德建
杨家林
邹杰
彭慧婧
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Beihai Productivity Promotion Center
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GUANGXI ZHUANG AUTONOMOUS REGION INSTITUTE OF OCEANOLOGY
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Abstract

The invention discloses a method for cultivating the sipunculus nudus in a pond. The sipunculus nudus is low in the level of the food chain, is high in stress resistance, is fast in growth, belongs to the local ecological plant formation, is stable in resources group, is high in natural distribution density, small in activities range, and is free of the phenomenon of long-distance migration, thereby being very suitable for the artificial cultivation. However, the current artificial culture is low in survival rate, growth speed and yield. According to the characteristics of the different growth stage of the sipunculus nudus, a proper growth cultivation environment is creased in a nichetargeting way, the pond intermediate cultivation technology of the sipunculus nudus is combined with the pond cultivation technology of the sipunculus nudus, the survival rate of the seeds is improved, the seedling quantity per unit area is increased, the artificial breeding quality is guaranteed, and the cultivating survival rate and the cultivating per unit yield are improved, so that the cultivating survival rate reaches at 85%, the cultivating per unit yield reaches at 215kg/mu, and the aim of the high-efficiency cultivation of the sipunculus nudus is realized.

Description

A kind of method of pond culture Sipunculus nudus
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method of pond culture Sipunculus nudus, belong to the mariculture technology field.
Background technology
Sipunculus nudus Sipunculus nudus has another name called nude Sipunculus nudus or bare Sipunculus nudus, is commonly called as " sandworm ", is subordinate to sipunculan door Sipunculida Sipunculus nudus and belongs to.Sipunculus nudus is the water warm cosmopolitan; Be distributed widely in the three big oceans-the Pacific Ocean, the Atlantic Ocean and the Indian Ocean bank; Battalion's troglodytism inhabits river mouth, bay and the more rich sandy or husky shale beach of table runoff, mainly ingest benthic algae and organic debris; China Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan and Taiwan is coastal all to have distribution, and wherein sea area, Guangxi stock number is the abundantest.See that from the characteristics that kind had Sipunculus nudus food chain level is inferior low, strong stress resistance, growth is fast.In addition, Sipunculus nudus belongs to regional characters synusia system, and resource colony is stable, and natural distribution density is high, and scope of activities is little, does not have long apart from the migration transport phenomena.And repeatedly the survey showed that, and enclosing in the type shrimp pool, port of 200-300 mu, the distribution density of Sipunculus nudus reaches 15-20 bar/m 2, this shows that Sipunculus nudus also is very suitable for large tracts of land and propagates artificially.
Sipunculus nudus is one of the important fishery resources in marine site, China south, and distribution area is more than 150,000 mu.The Sipunculus nudus meat is tender and crisp; Delicious flavour, nutritious, multiple nutritional components such as rich in proteins, fat and calcium, phosphorus, iron; Can be used as the splendid raw material of culinary art delicious food; Therefore, its market value is high, south coastal many masses always with digging " sandworm " as an income of supporting the family.Therefore but along with the unauthorized and excessive mining that does not add restraining, the resource of Sipunculus nudus is petered out, and the someone has carried out the trial propagated artificially in recent years, can be said to be success though culture, and survival rate, growth rate and output all do not reach desirable degree.The main problem that exists is in the breeding process at present: the first, and seed is from natural collection, and many-sided reasons such as wounded or disabled seedling is many, long-distance transportation cause survival rate not high, and seed is gathered and has any problem, not in batch.The second, under the output, be 50-100kg/ mu mostly, economic benefit is unstable.The 3rd, cultural technique is extensive, does not substitute bait, does not have cover standardization with high content of technology to culture operational procedure.Therefore, carry out Sipunculus nudus pond high-density breeding Study on Technology, to solving existing technical problem in the siphon-worm breeding process, it is significant to improve survival rate, output and growth rate.
About the research of Sipunculus nudus is more domestic pertinent literatures report arranged; Mainly concentrate on the research of Sipunculus nudus artificial breeding technique aspect; Like publication number is CN101589698; Title is the application for a patent for invention of the artificial raise seedling method of bare Sipunculus nudus, provides a kind of and has comprised that close worm cultivation, artificial induced spawning, floating larvae are cultivated, the Sipunculus nudus artificial raise seedling method of naiad cultivation.And relevant Sipunculus nudus pond cultivation technology aspect does not see that relevant technology discloses.Therefore a kind of method of pond culture Sipunculus nudus is provided, can solves the existing problem of present breed Sipunculus nudus well.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention just provides a kind of method of pond culture Sipunculus nudus, to solve problems such as the seed that exists in the existing cultural method is of poor quality, cultured output is low, survival rate is low, reaches the purpose of efficient breed.
For realizing above-mentioned purpose, the present invention has adopted such technical scheme: a kind of method of pond culture Sipunculus nudus comprises the steps:
Step 1 is the intermediate rearing of Sipunculus nudus:
1. intermediate rearing pond condition: choose cement pond, the hard end; Lay rough sand in 5-10 centimetre of thickness, particle diameter 0.2~2.0mm clean at the bottom of the pond, and every spacing at a distance from about 100-180 centimetre stays 20-30 centimetre space as People's Bank of China's management channels in the middle of the pond, is convenient to current check and management; Be little ramped shaped at the bottom of the pond; It is convenient to advance draining, dark 100-200 centimetre of ability retaining, and water inlet has screen pack to prevent the harmful organisms invasion;
2. prepare in the intermediate rearing pond: working concentration 2-5ppm is put medicine 7-10 days afterflush bottom material of pond for breeding with the water-soluble full pool spilling head afterwards of commercially available oncomelania agent for killing to put before the seedling 20-30 days; Remove more large-scale harmful organisms such as shrimp crab fish, sow commercially available prawn manufactured feed with the amount of 45-60kg/ mu, and thoroughly turn over one time; Make feed and sandy mixing; Increase sandy fertile degree, be exposed to the sun 2-7 days, seedling is put in a retaining 50-70 centimetre wait;
In the pond training seed play and in training: in above-mentioned pond, throw in specification and be the long 0.3-0.6 of body centimetre the indoor seed of Sipunculus nudus, put ten thousand/mu of seedling density 50-60, during every separated 5-10 days commercially available prawn manufactured feeds of throwing something and feeding 1 time; Feeding volume 3-5kg/ mu mainly plays the rich water effect, every month according to tidal level flowing water was cultivated 3-4 hour every day when suitable; Through advancing draining water quality is regulated, water quality is remained on: 10 ℃-32 ℃ of water temperatures, between the proportion 1.016-1.022; More than the dissolved oxygen 5mg/L; Between the pH value 8.0-8.6, the cultivation through 50-90 days can obtain the long 3-5 of body in enormous quantities centimetre big specification Sipunculus nudus seed;
Step 2 is forming of Sipunculus nudus:
4. form the selection and the preparation in pond: select natural low-lying place, in addition smooth, build base as pool base with the unnecessary sandy soil in smooth back; The pool is enclosed in the rectangle sea area that forms a 1-50 mu, substrate with sandy be main, be rich in humus, humus and organic matter; Inside mainly is grey black, and the surface is faint yellow, encloses the pool and is ready to the back and advances draining every day according to the fluctuation of morning and evening tides; Put seedling preceding 8-12 days, and substrate was turned over one time ploughing depth 30-40 centimetre; Remove tangible harmful organisms, water inlet makes the depth of water keep 50-120 centimetre;
5. seed is play and forms: with training seed in the above-mentioned 3-5 that the collects centimetre big specification; The seedling density of putting with ten thousand/mu of 1-2 is evenly sowed to the above-mentioned growing pond pool and is cultured; Drained Chi Shui in every during this time 10-20 days and revealed empty 12-20 hour, the commercially available prawn manufactured feed of throwing something and feeding simultaneously, feeding volume 15-20kg/ mu; The chlorine-containing agent that available chlorine of input in every month is 85-90% in breeding process; Injected volume 1-2ppm, the generation of prevention Sipunculus nudus bacteriosis, seed grows up to finished product after culture-cycle 10-12 month.
In the step of above-mentioned selection of forming the pond and preparation, can also select cement pond, the high-order hard end, area 1-15 mu; Lay the middle rough sand of 30-40 centimetre of thickness at the bottom of the pond,, rinse most of mud dirt, organic matter in the sand well with giant flushing 1~2 time; Sow commercially available prawn manufactured feed with the amount of 45-60kg/ mu, and thoroughly turn over one time, make feed and sandy mixing; Increase sandy fertile degree, be exposed to the sun 2-7 days, retaining 50-120 centimetre for use.
Take the present invention of above-mentioned measure; Characteristics according to the different vegetative stages self of Sipunculus nudus; Create suitable growth nurturing an environment targetedly, in conjunction with in the pond of Sipunculus nudus the training technology form technology with the pond, successfully realized the purpose of the efficient breed in Sipunculus nudus pond.Promptly according to life and the ecological habit of young siphon-worm; Take cement pond, the hard end, lay in mode such as rough sand carry out middle training; Regather in the big specification and train seed, take the sea area beach to enclose that culture on the pool or high-order pond culture mode is formed, thereby improved survival rate of young; Increase the unit are output of seedling, ensured artificial seed's quality; Improved the breed survival rate and cultured per unit area yield, make culture survival rate reached 85% with culture single rate and reached 215kg/ mu, realized the efficient purpose of culturing in Sipunculus nudus pond.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
One. the Sipunculus nudus intermediate rearing:
1. intermediate rearing pond condition: select cement pond, the square hard end, every mouthful of pond area is 3 mu, keeps the depth of water more than 100 centimetres; Pond water inlet and discharge outlet are diagonal and distribute; And the discharge outlet place is lower than the water inlet, can drain to reveal sky, also can carry out flowing water and cultivate; Evenly lay thin fresh water river sand in one deck at the bottom of the pond, the about 5-10 of sand bed average thickness centimetre; Water inlet is installed the water valve net, and mesh is the 80-100 order; Power of per two mouthfuls of ponds outfit is 2.2 kilowatts suction pump;
2. prepare in the intermediate rearing pond: put before the seedling 20-30 days with the water-soluble full pool spilling head afterwards of commercially available oncomelania agent for killing " Luo Yuan goes out "; Kill harmful organisms such as oncomelania; Working concentration 2-5ppm; Put after medicine 7-10 days and wash bottom material of pond for breeding 1-2 time, rinse most of mud dirt, organic matter in the sand well, the artificial more large-scale harmful organisms such as violent trash fish, crab of removing with giant; Sow the prawn manufactured feed with the amount of 45-60kg/ mu, and thoroughly turn over one time, make feed and sandy mixing, increase sandy fertile degree, be exposed to the sun 2-7 days, 70 centimetres of retainings are for use;
3. seed is thrown in and middle training process: in above-mentioned pond, put the long 0.3-0.5 of body centimetre small dimension seed of indoor culture in a suitable place to breed, evenly sow on the pool down, in order to avoid local seed density is excessive; Cause the seed growth rate slow, every mu puts the seedling amount is ten thousand of 40-50, during every prawn manufactured feed of throwing something and feeding a time at a distance from 7 days; Feeding volume 3-5kg/ mu; Keep the pond water colour, prevent that moss from growing in a large number, every water that once thoroughly changed at a distance from 13-18 days; Remove harmful organisms simultaneously, keep water quality to exist: between 10 ℃-32 ℃ of water temperatures, the proportion 1.016-1.022, more than the dissolved oxygen 5mg/L, between the pH value 8.0-8.6;
4. the pond intermediate rearing is emerged: cultivate after 80 days, seed size grows to the long 3-5 of body centimetre, adopts the traditional work mode, uses rake that seed was turned over from the husky end and rakes off, and collects one by one again, when turning over rake, notes not hurting the worm seedling as far as possible;
Two. Sipunculus nudus is formed:
1. select the pond of forming of Sipunculus nudus: select natural low-lying place, in addition smooth, build base as pool base with the unnecessary sandy soil in smooth back; The pool is enclosed in the rectangle sea area that forms a 30-50 mu, has both avoided stormy waves to culturing the influence of seed, has prevented the invasion of harmful organisms again; Require the substrate silt content more than 85%, the sandy thickness in high-quality breed seabeach is comprehensive, sandy loose should not the caking in surface; Water permeability is good, and lower floor is sandy fertilely is rich in organic matter, color deeply but not rancid, is ready to the back and advances draining 1 time every day according to the fluctuation of morning and evening tides but enclose the pool; Substrate is turned over one time 30 centimetres of ploughing depths before putting seedling;
2. seed is play and forms:
With training seed in above-mentioned 3~5 centimetres of big specifications collecting; The seedling density of putting with 15000/mu is evenly sowed to the above-mentioned growing pond pool and is cultured; Drained Chi Shui in every during this time 15-20 days and revealed empty 12-20 hour, No. 1 material of the litopenaeus vannamei compound feed of throwing something and feeding simultaneously, feeding volume 15-20kg/ mu; In breeding process, threw in a strong chlorine oil in every month, injected volume 1-2ppm, the generation of prevention Sipunculus nudus bacteriosis, seed grows to 60/kg specification after culture-cycle 10-12 month, can gather in the crops listing.
Embodiment 2
One. the intermediate rearing of Sipunculus nudus: each step is identical with embodiment 1.
Two. Sipunculus nudus is formed:
1. select the pond of forming of Sipunculus nudus: select cement pond, the high-order hard end, 3~15 mu of areas, the middle rough sand of 30~40 centimetres of thickness of laying at the bottom of the pond; If the husky bottom sediments in pond is by organic substrate of being made up of dead algae, moss, ight soil, residual bait, mud etc.; Usually all stench turns black; Generally, rinse most of mud dirt, organic matter in the sand well the violent trash fish of artificial removing, crab etc. with giant flushing 1~2 time; Sow No. 1 material of litopenaeus vannamei compound feed with the amount of 45~60kg/ mu, and thoroughly turn over one time, make feed and sandy mixing, increase sandy fertile degree, be exposed to the sun 2-7 days, 50 centimetres of retainings are for use;
2. seed is play and forms: all can put seedling throughout the year, collect 3-5cm and evenly sow to the pool than training seed in the big specification, avoid the rainy weather of strong wind; Putting the seedling degree is 10,000/mu, keeps depth of water 50-100 centimetre between mature stage, and rainwater adds high water level to 100-150 centimetre multiple season; It is stable that keep Chi Shui with the water pump water lift dry season; Drained Chi Shui in every during this time 15-20 days and revealed empty 12-20 hour, No. 1 material of the litopenaeus vannamei compound feed of throwing something and feeding simultaneously, feeding volume 15-20kg/ mu; Find that assorted algae such as moss breeds in a large number, need in time drain Chi Shui and carry out manual work and drag for and remove, remove harmful organisms such as fish shrimp crab simultaneously; Keep water quality 10 ℃-32 ℃ of water temperatures; Between the proportion 1.016-1.022; More than the dissolved oxygen 5mg/L; Between the pH value 8.0-8.6; In breeding process, threw in a strong chlorine oil in every month, injected volume 1-2ppm, the generation of prevention Sipunculus nudus bacteriosis; Cultured 12-16 month, and became polypide to reach 8-10 centimetre, body weight 70-100 bar/kg specification can be gathered in the crops listing.

Claims (2)

1. the method for a pond culture Sipunculus nudus is characterized in that said method comprises the steps:
Step (one) is the intermediate rearing of Sipunculus nudus:
(1) intermediate rearing pond condition: choose cement pond, the hard end; Lay rough sand in 5-10 centimetre of thickness, particle diameter 0.2~2.0mm clean at the bottom of the pond, and every spacing at a distance from 100-180 centimetre stays 20-30 centimetre space as People's Bank of China's management channels in the middle of the pond, is convenient to current check and management; Be little ramped shaped at the bottom of the pond; It is convenient to advance draining, dark 100-200 centimetre of ability retaining, and water inlet has screen pack to prevent the harmful organisms invasion;
(2) prepare in the intermediate rearing pond: put before the seedling 20-30 days with the water-soluble full pool spilling head afterwards of commercially available oncomelania agent for killing; Working concentration 3-5ppm is put medicine 7-10 days afterflush bottom material of pond for breeding, the artificial more large-scale harmful organisms of shrimp crab fish of removing; Sow the prawn manufactured feed with the amount of 45-60kg/ mu; And thoroughly turn over one time, make feed and sandy mixing, increase sandy fertile degree; Be exposed to the sun 2-7 days, seedling is put in a retaining 50-70 centimetre wait;
(3) train seed broadcast and middle training in the pond: the input specification is the long 0.3-0.6 of body centimetre the indoor seed of Sipunculus nudus in above-mentioned pond; Put ten thousand/mu of seedling density 50-60, during every at a distance from the 5-10 days commercially available prawn manufactured feeds of throwing something and feeding 1 time, feeding volume 3-5kg/ mu; Mainly play the rich water effect; Every month according to tidal level flowing water was cultivated 3-4 hour every day when suitable, through advancing draining water quality is regulated, water quality is remained on: 10 ℃-32 ℃ of water temperatures; Between the proportion 1.016-1.022; More than the dissolved oxygen 5mg/L; Between the pH value 8.0-8.6; Cultivation through 50-90 days can obtain the long 3-5 of body in enormous quantities centimetre big specification Sipunculus nudus seed;
Step (two) is forming of Sipunculus nudus:
(4) form the selection and the preparation in pond: select natural low-lying place; In addition smooth, build base as pool base with the unnecessary sandy soil in smooth back, the pool is enclosed in the rectangle sea area that forms a 30-50 mu; Substrate with sandy be main; Be rich in humus, humus and organic matter, inside is grey black, and the surface is faint yellow; Enclose and advance draining every day according to the fluctuation of morning and evening tides after the pool is ready to, put seedling preceding 8-12 days, substrate is turned over one time, ploughing depth 30-40 centimetre, remove tangible harmful organisms, water inlet makes the depth of water keep 50-120 centimetre;
(5) seed is play and forms: with training seed in the above-mentioned 3-5 that the collects centimetre big specification; The seedling density of putting with ten thousand/mu of 1-2 is evenly sowed to the above-mentioned growing pond pool and is cultured; Draining Chi Shui in every during this time 10-20 days revealed empty 12-20 hour; The commercially available prawn manufactured feed of throwing something and feeding simultaneously, feeding volume 15-20kg/ mu; In breeding process, threw in a chlorine-containing disinfectant in every month, injected volume 1-2ppm, the generation of prevention Sipunculus nudus bacteriosis, seed grows up to finished product after culture-cycle 10-12 month.
2. the method for a kind of pond culture Sipunculus nudus according to claim 1 is characterized in that in the step of above-mentioned selection of forming the pond and preparation, selecting cement pond, the high-order hard end; Area 3-15 mu, the middle rough sand of 30-40 centimetre of thickness of laying at the bottom of the pond is with giant flushing 1~2 time; Rinse most of mud dirt, organic matter in the sand well, sow commercially available prawn manufactured feed, and thoroughly turn over one time with the amount of 45-60kg/ mu; Make feed and sandy mixing; Increase sandy fertile degree, be exposed to the sun 2-7 days, retaining 50-120 centimetre for use.
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