CN105248383A - Sipunculus nudus family establishing and excellent variety breeding method - Google Patents
Sipunculus nudus family establishing and excellent variety breeding method Download PDFInfo
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- CN105248383A CN105248383A CN201510737305.5A CN201510737305A CN105248383A CN 105248383 A CN105248383 A CN 105248383A CN 201510737305 A CN201510737305 A CN 201510737305A CN 105248383 A CN105248383 A CN 105248383A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New breeds of animals
- A01K67/033—Rearing or breeding invertebrates; New breeds of invertebrates
Abstract
The invention discloses a sipunculus nudus family establishing and excellent variety breeding method. As variety degeneration occurs due to an extensive breeding way of sipunculus nudus, the invention adopts the following technical measures: 1, parent conditions and selection: parents are selected to establish half-sib families; 2, optimal selection during a pelagospheric larvae metamorphosis settlement stage: the families of pelagospheric larvae with the metamorphosis survival rate reaching 40% or above are selected as primary selection families; 3, optimal selection during a middle larva breeding stage: 60% of the families with the high growth speed and high survival rate are selected as alternative families; 4, optimal selection during a sexual maturity stage: optimal selection is carried out on the alternative families, and 40% of the families with the high growth speed, high survival rate and relatively high whole sexual maturity are selected as parents; 5, elimination of inferior families: copulation between sibs and half sibs is avoided in the alternative families; 6, family continuous generation breeding: a reciprocal hybridization method among families is adopted and an excellent sipunculus nudus variety with the high growth speed is bred. By adopting the method disclosed by the invention, the problem about healthy and scientific breeding of the good variety population of sipunculus nudus is solved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the seed selection of cultivation Sipunculus nudus improved seeds, specifically a kind of Sipunculus nudus family is set up and fine-variety breeding method, belongs to aquatic products and breeds cultural technique field.
Background technology
Sipunculus nudus (
sipunculusnudus) be commonly called as " sandworm ", the Tideland resources of mainly living in caves at the bottom of coastal sandy or husky shale, the organic debris at the bottom of argillo arenaceous of mainly ingesting, microorganism and benthic diatom etc.Sandworm is of high nutritive value, and have the title of " natural monosodium glutamate ", and the dry delicious flavour of dried product sandworm is expensive.At present, the cultural method of Sipunculus nudus is mature on the whole, and what carry out is ecologic breeding, cost only comprises seed and excavates expense, there is the advantages such as this minor benefit is thick, administration measure, convenient management, therefore cultivate Sipunculus nudus deeply to like by numerous raisers, become the new focus of North Sea mariculture.But along with the development of Sipunculus nudus aquaculture, at present still occur cultivating deterioration of variety phenomenon common in boundary by putting wild seedling in a suitable place to breed or gathering the extensive style breeding way that wild parent carries out artificial breeding, increase foster this is because Sipunculus nudus mainly carries out extensive style on beach, breeding process is not is not generally thrown something and fed feed, culture-cycle is long, usually reaches more than 1.5 years.Excessively excavate natural resources, excavate individual less than normal, make natural high-quality parent more and more difficulty seek.Along with Sipunculus nudus cultivation popularization and cultivation density increase, from cultured population, choosing is after parent breeds many generations, there is Sipunculus nudus kind matter degradation phenomena, this deterioration of variety shows as Sipunculus nudus growth rate and slows down, degradation inferior position under survival rate reduction, quality, has had a strong impact on the sustainable development of Sipunculus nudus aquaculture.Therefore, the genetic breeding work of Sipunculus nudus must be carried out as early as possible, too impatient breeding variety.
That family selective breeding retains is the representative of the best family of productivity and this family and excellent person, and for the proterties that heritability is low, families selecting is conducive to the purifying of excellent genes in colony.In fishery breeding, great achievement is achieved by family selective breeding method.As Hawaii, America prawn seed selection center utilizes family selective breeding, successful incubation goes out Penaeus Vannmei improved seeds SPF and SPR.Family selective breeding also plays outstanding role in the improved seeds cultivations such as rainbow trout, Tilapia mossambica, Chinese prawn.And by the document that retrieval is correlated with, the family selective breeding method of Sipunculus nudus does not have relevant technology to disclose.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide a kind of cultivation Sipunculus nudus family and sets up and fine-variety breeding method, select high-quality, high yield, the applicable Coastal beach cultivation of fast growth and the Sipunculus nudus new varieties of pond culture environment, overcome the genetic breeding work not carrying out Sipunculus nudus in traditional breeding way, cause the deficiency occurring deterioration of variety.
For achieving the above object, the technical scheme that the present invention takes is: a kind of cultivation Sipunculus nudus family is set up and fine-variety breeding method, comprises following concrete technical step:
1.parent condition and selection: in Sipunculus nudus sexual maturity period, from the beach area that Sipunculus nudus wild resource is abundant, optimize energetic, appearance not damaged, body weight is greater than the 15%-20% of average weight, body weight reaches the parent of more than 18g, and selection intensity is 20%, as alternative parent, the male and female therefrom selecting ovum and sperm development maturation are again individual, selection intensity is 30%, supports temporarily and waits to hasten parturition, set up family half sibs with sex ration 5:1 ratio;
2. extra large ball larval metamorphosis attachment stage is preferred: after parent spawning and fertilization, through trochophore, being attached to the fine sand stage to extra large ball larval metamorphosis to naiad carries out selected, first on average growing distortion ratio from fertilized egg is the family of more than 80%, chooses the family of extra large ball larval metamorphosis survival rate more than 40% as primarily selected family;
3. it is preferred to train the seed stage in: carry out training seed in independence to primarily selected family, to commodity, seedling is trained after middle training 4-8 month, screen, eliminate growth rate slow, 40% family that survival rate is low, fast growth, 60% family that survival rate is high of selecting and remain does candidate family, long more than 4 centimetres of body of selecting and remain in family, body weight reach more than 0.8 gram individual;
4. the sexual maturity stage is preferred: to Sipunculus nudus sexual maturity after independently cultivating 1.5 years to candidate family, carry out preferably, eliminate growth rate slow, 60% family that survival rate is low and globality maturity ratio is low, fast growth, survival rate is high and globality maturity is higher 40% family of selecting and remain is parent, parent select and remain body weight reach more than 18 grams individual, the male and female therefrom selecting ovum and sperm development maturation are individual, and selection intensity is 30%;
5. above-mentioned extra large ball larval metamorphosis attachment stage, middle training seed stage and the sexual maturity stage; three critical stages; for the critical period of Sipunculus nudus family selective breeding; carry out preferably in these stages; under standardized condition; standardization nursery and family middle training and cultivation are separately carried out separately to family; nursery and cultivation stage are selected excellent to family; as the candidate family of seed selection of future generation; eliminate inferior position family; candidate family should avoid mating between compatriot and half sibs, to preferred family, adopts family's line cross to avoid inbreeding depression;
6.family is continuous for seed selection: carry out family to family of selecting and remain and continue for seed selection, for avoiding inbreeding depression, adopt positive and negative cross method between family, with sex ration 5:1 ratio, set up family and carry out seed selection of future generation, repeat extra large ball larval metamorphosis attachment stage, the selecting and remain of middle training seed and sexual maturity three critical stages, carry out preferably, after continuous seed selection 2-3 generation, the Sipunculus nudus excellent strain that growth rate improves more than 7% can be selected.
The method of described judgement Sipunculus nudus male and female closely kisses end body surface muscle with the light Sipunculus nudus of dialling of finger, and what have obvious particle gamogenetic egg to flow is maturity female individuals, and what see obvious milkiness is male.
Adopting the present invention of above-mentioned measure, is according to Sipunculus nudus Biological characteristics, the Sipunculus nudus family fine-variety breeding technology of the set of system designed, practical, successful.By building family, according to Sipunculus nudus nursery, middle training and cultivation stage Biological characteristics, targetedly family and individuality carrying out to several critical period preferred, taking growth rate as breeding goal, carry out distant relative and breed, eliminate inferior position family.Through 2-3 for family selective breeding, cultivate high-quality, high yield, the applicable local beach of stable yields and the Sipunculus nudus excellent strain of pond culture environment.Strong operability of the present invention, scientific and reasonable, excellent Cultivars can be provided for the highly efficient and productive cultivation of Sipunculus nudus, solve the good variety population problem of Sipunculus nudus healthy aquaculture and scientific breeding.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
One, parent is selected to set up with family:
From 85kg adult Sipunculus nudus, select body surface not damaged, energetic, color and luster good, body weight is greater than
The parent of 18g, selection intensity is 20%, as alternative parent.The male and female therefrom selecting ovum and sperm development maturation are again individual, and selection intensity is 30%, finally stays and selects 220 female individuals and 55 males as alternative parent.Support temporarily with sex ration 5:1 ratio and wait to hasten parturition, the foster and stage of hastening parturition eliminates the parent combination of vigor difference temporarily, set up 32 family half sibses at first.Family is marked respectively, nursery, middle training and cultivation stage carry out selecting excellent wash in a pan bad.
Two, enter at the ball larval metamorphosis attachment of Sipunculus nudus sea, middle training seed and sexual maturity three critical stages
Row is preferred:
1. first carry out preferably in extra large ball larval metamorphosis attachment stage, statistics egg laying amount and metamorphosis and survival rate.On average growing distortion ratio from fertilized egg is the family of more than 80%, chooses the family of survival rate more than 40% after extra large ball larval metamorphosis to naiad as primarily selected family.To select and remain wherein 22 familys, transfer to outdoor ponds independent in training, and carry out mark.
2. training the seed stage in carries out preferably, trains seedling, screen in family of selecting and remain after training 4-8 month to commodity.Cultivate in statistics and grow survival rate and growth rate, 15 familys that fast growth of selecting and remain, survival rate are high do candidate family.Long more than 4 centimetres of body of selecting and remain in family, body weight reaches more than 0.5 gram individuality, and selection intensity is 30%, and the preferred individuality of candidate family carries out next step standardization cultivation to sexual maturity.
3. the sexual maturity stage carries out preferably, refers to candidate family after independently cultivating about 1.5 years to Sipunculus nudus sexual maturity, carries out preferably.Eliminate growth rate slow, the family that survival rate is low and globality maturity ratio is low, parent select and remain body weight reach more than 18 grams individual, then the male and female therefrom selecting ovum and sperm development maturation are individual.Finally stay 8 familys selecting fast growth, output high, each family selects high-quality female parent 200-300 bar, male parent 50-80 bar.
three,family is continuous for seed selection: carry out family to 8 familys of selecting and remain and continue for seed selection.Directly carry out conventional seedbed system to the individuality of family of selecting and remain, the second filial seed of seed selection contrasts non-seed selection seed, and growth rate improves 7%.Positive and negative cross method between family is carried out to family of selecting and remain simultaneously, with sex ration 5:1 ratio, set up new family and carry out seed selection of future generation.Repeat the attachment of extra large ball larval metamorphosis, middle training seed and the selecting and remain of sexual maturity three critical stages, carry out preferably.After continuous seed selection 3 generation, select the Sipunculus nudus excellent strain of high-quality, high yield, stable yields, contrast the seed without seed selection, the strain growth rate through seed selection improves 7%.
Embodiment 2
One, parent is selected to set up with family:
From 130kg adult Sipunculus nudus, select body surface not damaged, energetic, color and luster good, body weight is large
In the parent of 18g, selection intensity is 20%, as alternative parent.The male and female therefrom selecting ovum and sperm development maturation are again individual, and selection intensity is 30%, finally stays and selects 400 female individuals and 120 males as alternative parent.Support temporarily with sex ration 5:1 ratio and wait to hasten parturition, the foster and stage of hastening parturition eliminates the parent combination of vigor difference temporarily, set up 60 family half sibses at first.Family is marked respectively, nursery, middle training and cultivation stage carry out selecting excellent wash in a pan bad.
Two, enter at the ball larval metamorphosis attachment of Sipunculus nudus sea, middle training seed and sexual maturity three critical stages
Row is preferred:
1. first carry out preferably in extra large ball larval metamorphosis attachment stage, statistics egg laying amount and metamorphosis and survival rate.On average growing distortion ratio from fertilized egg is the family of more than 80%, chooses the family of survival rate more than 40% after extra large ball larval metamorphosis to naiad as primarily selected family.To select and remain wherein 45 familys, transfer to outdoor ponds independent in training, and carry out mark.
2. training the seed stage in carries out preferably, trains seedling, screen in family of selecting and remain after training 4-8 month to commodity.Cultivate in statistics and grow survival rate and growth rate, 26 familys that fast growth of selecting and remain, survival rate are high do candidate family.Long more than 4 centimetres of body of selecting and remain in family, body weight reaches more than 0.5 gram individuality, and selection intensity is 30%, and the preferred individuality of candidate family carries out next step standardization cultivation to sexual maturity.
3. the sexual maturity stage carries out preferably: refer to candidate family after independently cultivating about 1.5 years to Sipunculus nudus sexual maturity, carries out preferably.Eliminate growth rate slow, the family that survival rate is low and globality maturity ratio is low, parent select and remain body weight reach more than 18 grams individual, then the male and female therefrom selecting ovum and sperm development maturation are individual.Finally stay and select fast growth, output high, 12 familys, each family selects high-quality female parent 300-400 bar, male parent 60-80 bar.
three, family is continuous for seed selection: family is carried out to 18 familys of selecting and remain and continues for seed selection.Adopt positive and negative cross method between family, with sex ration 5:1 ratio, set up family and carry out seed selection of future generation.Repeat selecting and remain of several critical stage, carry out preferably.After continuous seed selection 3 generation, select the Sipunculus nudus excellent strain of high-quality, high yield, stable yields, contrast the seed without seed selection, the strain growth rate through seed selection improves 8%.Can carry out nursery sale to superior families, Breeding Scale, according to production scale and market demand rational, can also carry out next step as breeding material and continue for seed selection.
Claims (1)
1. cultivate Sipunculus nudus family to set up and a fine-variety breeding method, comprise following concrete technical step:
(1)parent condition and selection: in Sipunculus nudus sexual maturity period, from the beach area that Sipunculus nudus wild resource is abundant, optimize energetic, appearance not damaged, body weight is greater than the 15%-20% of average weight, body weight reaches the parent of more than 18g, and selection intensity is 20%, as alternative parent, the male and female therefrom selecting ovum and sperm development maturation are again individual, selection intensity is 30%, supports temporarily and waits to hasten parturition, set up family half sibs with sex ration 5:1 ratio;
(2) extra large ball larval metamorphosis attachment stage is preferred: after parent spawning and fertilization, through trochophore, being attached to the fine sand stage to extra large ball larval metamorphosis to naiad carries out selected, first on average growing distortion ratio from fertilized egg is the family of more than 80%, chooses the family of extra large ball larval metamorphosis survival rate more than 40% as primarily selected family;
(3) in, the training seed stage is preferred: carry out training seed in independence to primarily selected family, to commodity, seedling is trained after middle training 4-8 month, screen, eliminate growth rate slow, 40% family that survival rate is low, fast growth, 60% family that survival rate is high of selecting and remain does candidate family, long more than 4 centimetres of body of selecting and remain in family, body weight reach more than 0.8 gram individual;
(4) the sexual maturity stage is preferred: to Sipunculus nudus sexual maturity after independently cultivating 1.5 years to candidate family, carry out preferably, eliminate growth rate slow, 60% family that survival rate is low and globality maturity ratio is low, fast growth, survival rate is high and globality maturity is higher 40% family of selecting and remain is parent, parent select and remain body weight reach more than 18 grams individual, the male and female therefrom selecting ovum and sperm development maturation are individual, and selection intensity is 30%;
(5) above-mentioned extra large ball larval metamorphosis attachment stage, middle training seed stage and the sexual maturity stage, three critical stages, for the critical period of Sipunculus nudus family selective breeding, carry out preferably in these stages, under standardized condition, standardization nursery and family middle training and cultivation are separately carried out separately to family, nursery and cultivation stage are selected excellent to family, as the candidate family of seed selection of future generation, eliminate inferior position family, candidate family should avoid mating between compatriot and half sibs, to preferred family, adopts family's line cross to avoid inbreeding depression;
(6)family is continuous for seed selection: carry out family to family of selecting and remain and continue for seed selection, for avoiding inbreeding depression, adopt positive and negative cross method between family, with sex ration 5:1 ratio, set up family and carry out seed selection of future generation, repeat extra large ball larval metamorphosis attachment stage, the selecting and remain of middle training seed and sexual maturity three critical stages, carry out preferably, after continuous seed selection 2-3 generation, the Sipunculus nudus excellent strain that growth rate improves more than 7% can be selected.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113940313A (en) * | 2021-11-17 | 2022-01-18 | 北京市华都峪口禽业有限责任公司 | Meat poultry character selection method |
| CN114885870A (en) * | 2022-07-12 | 2022-08-12 | 海南大学三亚研究院 | Spawning induction method for sipunculus australis |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113940313A (en) * | 2021-11-17 | 2022-01-18 | 北京市华都峪口禽业有限责任公司 | Meat poultry character selection method |
| CN114885870A (en) * | 2022-07-12 | 2022-08-12 | 海南大学三亚研究院 | Spawning induction method for sipunculus australis |
| CN114885870B (en) * | 2022-07-12 | 2022-11-29 | 海南大学 | Spawning induction method for sipunculus australis |
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Application publication date: 20160120 |