CN113940313A - Meat poultry character selection method - Google Patents
Meat poultry character selection method Download PDFInfo
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- CN113940313A CN113940313A CN202111362022.9A CN202111362022A CN113940313A CN 113940313 A CN113940313 A CN 113940313A CN 202111362022 A CN202111362022 A CN 202111362022A CN 113940313 A CN113940313 A CN 113940313A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New breeds of animals
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- G16—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS
- G16B—BIOINFORMATICS, i.e. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR GENETIC OR PROTEIN-RELATED DATA PROCESSING IN COMPUTATIONAL MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
- G16B25/00—ICT specially adapted for hybridisation; ICT specially adapted for gene or protein expression
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for selecting meat livestock and poultry, which comprises the steps of firstly constructing a candidate population, a first generation hybrid population, a first generation homozygote population, a second generation homozygote population and a second generation hybrid population, and evaluating the first generation candidate population by combining the first generation hybrid population, the first generation homozygote population, the second generation homozygote population and the second generation hybrid population, and finally, preferably selecting partial individuals with superiority from the first generation candidate population for successive reproduction. In the invention, special breeding modes can be adopted for the full sibling population and the hybrid population, and dominant individuals can be screened under the condition of not influencing the normal growth of the candidate population, and the method can reflect the character trend of the candidate population in a special breeding mode.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of poultry breeding, in particular to a method for selecting properties of poultry.
Background
In modern breeding of meat poultry, high-intensity selection of properties such as weight increase, meat quality, material consumption and the like is required to realize rapid improvement of commodity generation performance. The breeding character in the breeding of the meat livestock and poultry has certain specificity, which is embodied as follows: (1) the characters such as meat quality are destructive measurement, and cannot be measured in pure line subculture groups; (2) the traits of body weight (increase) and feed consumption are measured under the condition that individuals eat the feed freely (without limited feeding), and the weight of the whole sibling population is increased too fast under the condition that the feed is not limited, so that the reproductive performance of the whole sibling population is seriously reduced, and the pure reproduction and subculture are adversely affected. In breeding livestock and poultry for meat, the reproductive performance of a pure line candidate population for subculture is required to be generally maintained, a holomorphic population reflects the genetic potential of the candidate population by using the production performance data of another holomorphic population and a hybrid population, and the candidate population is bred through a phenotypic value, a conventional breeding value or a genome breeding value so as to improve the pure line production performance and the hybridization matching effect.
Therefore, the breeding of poultry for meat faces the problem of how to reasonably utilize the data of the whole sibling performance determination population and the hybridization determination population to select the whole sibling population, and a comprehensive utilization method of different source data is needed to improve the selection effect of the whole sibling population.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a method for selecting the characters of poultry, which comprises the following steps:
s1, constructing a meat poultry group of A type and a meat poultry group of B type;
s2, constructing a candidate population, a first generation of holomorphic population and a first generation of hybrid population, wherein the candidate population and the first generation of holomorphic population are pure and complex progeny populations of the A type meat poultry population, the first generation of hybrid population is a hybrid progeny population of the A type meat poultry population and the B type meat poultry population, the candidate population adopts a first feeding mode, and the first generation of holomorphic population and the first generation of hybrid population adopt a second feeding mode;
s3, collecting the character data mean value e of each individual in the candidate population and the corresponding individual in the first generation of the whole sibling population, wherein the corresponding individual is the same as the male parent and the female parent in the candidate population in the first generation of the whole sibling population;
s4, collecting the character data mean value f of each individual in the candidate population and the corresponding individual in the first filial generation of the population, wherein the corresponding individual is the same as the male parent or the female parent in the first filial generation of the population;
s5 self-service sampling is carried out on the candidate population to construct M sample populations with the sample size of q, and the selection indexes I of each individual in the M sample populations under different weight combinations are respectively calculated: i ═ E × E + F × F;
wherein E and F represent the weighting weight of E and F respectively;
s6, respectively sorting the individuals in the M sample groups according to selection indexes I under different weight combinations, and screening the individuals in the top sorting of each sample group according to the seed reserving rate to form M medium selection groups;
s7, constructing a second generation of holomorphic population and a second generation of hybrid population, wherein the second generation of holomorphic population is a pure and repeated progeny population of the candidate population, and the second generation of hybrid population is a progeny population of the candidate population hybridized with the B-type broiler population;
s8 collects the average Y of the progeny trait data for all the selected populations under different weight combinations,
Y＝(P1+P2+……+PN)/(M×q)；
P＝(L1+L2+……+Lx) The method comprises the following steps of (1) x, wherein L is the filial generation trait data of one individual in a medium selection population, and x is the number of filial generations of one individual in the medium selection population;
and S9, the optimal weight combination of the offspring character data average value Y is optimal, the optimal weight combination is used for calculating the selection index I of all the individuals in the candidate group, all the individuals in the candidate group are sorted according to the selection index I, and the individuals with the top rank are selected according to the seed reserving rate to form the dominant group.
Preferably, the trait is body weight, meat quality or feed consumption.
In any of the above schemes, preferably, the first feeding mode is feed-limited feeding, and the second breeding mode is feed-unlimited feeding.
Preferably in any of the above embodiments, line a is a white kennel chicken and line B is a white rock chicken.
In any of the above embodiments, preferably, the trait is 6 weeks old body weight.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the method for selecting the characters of the meat poultry comprises the steps of firstly constructing a candidate population, a first generation hybrid population, a first generation full sib population, a second generation full sib population and a second generation hybrid population, and evaluating the first generation candidate population by combining the first generation hybrid population, the first generation full sib population, the second generation full sib population and the second generation hybrid population, so that part of individuals with superiority can be selected from the first generation candidate population for successive reproduction. In the invention, special breeding modes can be adopted for the full sibling population and the hybrid population, and dominant individuals can be screened under the condition of not influencing the normal growth of the candidate population, and the method can reflect the character trend of the candidate population in a special breeding mode.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a mean value of the 6-week-old body weight trait of selected individuals of example one of different seed retention rates and different weight combinations;
FIG. 2 is the average value of the material consumption of selected individuals in different combinations of different seed rates and different weights in example two;
FIG. 3 is the mean value of the 6-week-old pectoral muscle shear strength character of selected individuals of the three different seed retention rates and different weight combinations of the example.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below. In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention, but the present invention may be practiced in other ways than those specifically described and will be readily apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention, and therefore the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.
Example one
In this embodiment, broiler chickens are taken as an example, wherein the breeding trait is 6 weeks old body weight, and the specific steps are as follows:
S1A type broiler group and B type broiler group are constructed, each group has 100 individuals, strain A is white Konish chicken, and strain B is white Rockwell chicken.
S2, constructing a candidate population (500), a first generation of holomorphic population (500) and a first generation of hybrid population (500), wherein the candidate population and the first generation of holomorphic population are pure breeding progeny populations of the A type meat poultry population, namely the breeding progeny inside the A type meat poultry population, the first generation of hybrid population is a hybrid population of the A type meat poultry population and the B type meat poultry population, each individual in the hybrid population is a hybrid variety, the candidate population is fed in a feed-limited mode (a first feeding mode), and the first generation of holomorphic population and the first generation of hybrid population are fed in a non-feed-limited mode (a second feeding mode); the feed-limited feeding is to limit the growth speed of the chickens by limiting the feed intake, the feed intake is generally 70-80% of the free feed intake, and the non-feed-limited feeding means that the chickens only feed freely;
s3, collecting the mean value e of the weight (character data) of each individual in the candidate population and the corresponding individual in a first generation of the whole sibling population, wherein the corresponding individual is the same as the male parent and the female parent in the candidate population in the first generation of the whole sibling population;
s4, collecting the average value f of the weight (character data) of each individual in the candidate population and the corresponding individual in the first filial generation hybridization population at the age of 6 weeks, wherein the corresponding individual is the same as the male parent or the female parent in the first filial generation hybridization population in the first filial generation complete sibling population;
s5 self-sampling 1000 times from the candidate population to construct 1000 sample populations with the sample size of 100, and calculating the selection index I of each individual in all the sample populations under different weights: i ═ E × E + F × F, E and F denote the weighting weights of E and F, respectively;
the weight gradient was 10%, and the total weight combinations were 9, as shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 9 weight combinations in this example
S6, sorting all sample groups respectively according to selection indexes I under different weights, and screening the top-ranked individuals of each sample group according to the seed reserving rate (10%) to form 1000 intermediate selection groups, wherein each intermediate selection group comprises 10 individuals;
for example, under weight combination 1, the selection index of individuals No. 1 to No. 100 in a certain sample population is I1To I100The mean of the 6-week-old body weights of the same parents in the 1 st individual and the first-generation pure-breeding population is 5 (e)1) The mean of the 6-week-old body weights of all individuals who are the same father or the same mother in the first generation hybrid population is 6 (f)1) Then the calculation mode of the No. 1 individual under the weight combination 1 is I1＝5(e1)×10％(E)+6(f1) X 90% (F), calculating I for individuals No. 1 to No. 1001To I100Then, press I1To I100The top 10 individuals with the largest I value are selected to form a medium selection group, and the rest is done to form 1000 medium selection groups under the weight combination 1.
S7, constructing a second-generation holomorphic population and a second-generation hybrid population, wherein the second-generation holomorphic population is a pure breeding progeny population of the candidate population, the second-generation hybrid population is a hybrid progeny population of the candidate population and the B-type broiler population, and the pure breeding and the hybrid meanings are the same as those in the step S2;
s8 collects the mean Y of the offspring trait data (body weight at 6 weeks of age) for all the selected populations under different weight combinations,
Y＝(P1+P2+……+PN)/(M×q)；
P＝(L1+L2+……+Lx) The method comprises the following steps of (1) x, wherein L is the filial generation trait data of one individual in a medium selection population, and x is the number of filial generations of one individual in the medium selection population;
that is, in this embodiment, there are M (1000) medium-selected populations under each weight combination (9 weight combinations in total), each population has q (10) medium-selected individuals, that is, there are M (1 ten thousand) medium-selected individuals under each weight combination, and each individual has X offspring in the second-generation homomorphic population and the second-generation cross population, and the average of the 6-week-old body weights of the X offspring of each individual is P, then the average of the P values of all individuals is Y, and since there are 9 weight combinations, there are 9Y values.
S9 the optimal weight combination of the child trait data average value Y is optimal;
as shown in fig. 1(a), the data of the performance measurement of the homoblast in fig. 1 is, in this example, the value e, the weight ratio corresponding to the value e is 10%, the weight ratio corresponding to the value f is 90%, and so on.
It can be seen that when the seed reserving rate is 10%, the Y values under different weight combinations are different, and the Y value is optimal when the weight E of E is 70%, the selection indexes I of all individuals in the candidate population are calculated by using the optimal weight combination, namely E (70%) and f (30%), the candidate population is ranked according to the selection indexes I, and the top individuals in the candidate population are selected according to the seed reserving rate to form the dominant population for breeding and breeding.
In addition, if the seed retention rates are different, the optimal weight combinations at different seed retention rates can be tested in the above manner, and as shown in fig. 1(a) to 1(d), the optimal weight combinations corresponding to different seed retention rates are different.
Specifically, the method comprises the following steps:
(1) according to actual breeding goals and breeding schemes, 50 individuals need to be selected from a candidate population with 500 individuals for subculture breeding, namely, the seed remaining rate is 10%.
(2) And inquiring the optimal weight combination under the seed reserving rate of 10%. As can be seen from fig. 1(a), the selection effect was the best when the relative weight of the data (e) for full sibling performance measurement was 70%. According to 70%: the hybridization performance measurement data (f) and the holomorphic performance measurement data (e) were weighted by a weight of 30% to calculate the trait selection index I of the 500 individuals.
(3) And (4) ranking the individuals in the 500 candidate groups according to the character selection index I obtained by weighting in the last step, and selecting 50 most excellent individuals as selected individuals as an experimental group.
(4) 500 individuals were ranked using single data (hybridization performance measurement data f or whole sibling performance measurement data e), and the top 50 most excellent individuals were selected as two control groups.
(5) The effect of selecting the body weight at 6 weeks of age of the experimental group and the two control groups was compared as shown in table 2.
TABLE 2 seed selection Effect of different selection methods on body weight at 6 weeks of age
Therefore, the self-help resampling and the seed selection technology are used for obtaining the optimal weight combination of different data under a specific seed reserving rate, and the optimal weight combination is weighted and then selected, so that more genetic progress can be obtained compared with the effect of seed selection only by using single data.
Example two
The difference between this example and the first example is that the property data is the feed consumption in slaughter, and the feed consumption is the cumulative feed intake from 1 day of age to slaughter of the broiler birds when the broiler birds are not raised. The results of screening according to the method of example one are shown in Table 3 and FIG. 2, and the control group is the same as example one.
As can be seen from FIG. 2, the optimal weight combinations are different under different seed retention rates, and the selection results are shown in Table 3 when screening is performed by taking 30% seed retention rate as an example.
TABLE 3 selection effect of different selection methods on the amount of material consumed
EXAMPLE III
The difference between this example and the first example is that the property data is meat quality, which includes meat quality indexes such as meat color, shearing force and tenderness of breast and leg muscles, in this example, the tenderness (shearing force) of breast muscle at 6 weeks is taken as an example, and the results (seed retention rate 20%) obtained by screening according to the method of the first example are shown in table 4 and fig. 3, and the control group is the same as the first example.
TABLE 4 selection Effect of different selection methods on the shear force of the pectoral muscle
It can be seen from the combination of examples two and three and corresponding fig. 2, 3 and tables 3 and 4 that the optimum weights of the broilers screened by the method are different in different seed rates when the broilers are subjected to other properties, such as shearing force and feed consumption, and from tables 3 and 4, the property indexes of the populations screened by the method provided by the application are better than those of the control group when the seed rates are 20% and 30%.
It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely a few embodiments of the invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A meat poultry character selection method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, constructing a meat poultry group of A type and a meat poultry group of B type;
s2, constructing a candidate population, a first generation of holomorphic population and a first generation of hybrid population, wherein the candidate population and the first generation of holomorphic population are pure and complex progeny populations of the A type meat poultry population, the first generation of hybrid population is a hybrid progeny population of the A type meat poultry population and the B type meat poultry population, the candidate population adopts a first feeding mode, and the first generation of holomorphic population and the first generation of hybrid population adopt a second feeding mode;
s3, collecting the character data mean value e of each individual in the candidate population and the corresponding individual in the first generation of the whole sibling population, wherein the corresponding individual is the same as the male parent and the female parent in the candidate population in the first generation of the whole sibling population;
s4, collecting the character data mean value f of each individual in the candidate population and the corresponding individual in the first filial generation of the population, wherein the corresponding individual is the same as the male parent or the female parent in the first filial generation of the population;
s5 self-service sampling is carried out on the candidate population to construct M sample populations with the sample size of q, and the selection indexes I of each individual in the M sample populations under different weight combinations are respectively calculated: i ═ E × E + F × F;
wherein E and F represent the weighting weight of E and F respectively;
s6, respectively sorting the individuals in the M sample groups according to selection indexes I under different weight combinations, and screening the individuals in the top sorting of each sample group according to the seed reserving rate to form M medium selection groups;
s7, constructing a second generation of holomorphic population and a second generation of hybrid population, wherein the second generation of holomorphic population is a pure and repeated progeny population of the candidate population, and the second generation of hybrid population is a progeny population of the candidate population hybridized with the B-type broiler population;
s8 collects the average Y of the progeny trait data for all the selected populations under different weight combinations,
Y＝(P1+P2+……+PN)/(M×q)；
P＝(L1+L2+……+Lx) The method comprises the following steps of (1) x, wherein L is the filial generation trait data of one individual in a medium selection population, and x is the number of filial generations of one individual in the medium selection population;
and S9, the optimal weight combination of the offspring character data average value Y is optimal, the optimal weight combination is used for calculating the selection index I of all the individuals in the candidate group, all the individuals in the candidate group are sorted according to the selection index I, and the individuals with the top rank are selected according to the seed reserving rate to form the dominant group.
2. The method for selecting a meat bird trait of claim 1 wherein the trait is weight, meat quality or feed consumption.
3. The method for selecting a meat bird trait of claim 2 wherein the first feeding mode is feed-restricted feeding and the second feeding mode is non-feed-restricted feeding.
4. The method of selecting for a broiler trait of claim 3 wherein said line A is a white Konish chicken and said line B is a white Rockwell chicken.
5. The method for selecting a meat bird trait of claim 4 wherein the trait is 6 week old body weight.
6. Use of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 5 in the field of poultry breeding.
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