CN111226869B - Breeding method of slaughter type high-quality spotted-brown chickens with high uniformity - Google Patents
Breeding method of slaughter type high-quality spotted-brown chickens with high uniformity Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of poultry genetic breeding, in particular to a breeding method of slaughter-type high-quality spotted-brown chickens with high uniformity, which comprises the following steps: three specialized lines were constructed: wherein A is a terminal father line matched with fast marijuana yellow chickens, and normal marijuana yellow chickens grow moderately and rapidly; b is the spotted-brown chicken pure line containing DW sex linkage gene, short and small spotted-brown chickens with slow growth speed and blood margin containing ultra-fast large AA chicken; c is normal yellow feather chicken, and the growth speed is moderate and fast; producing a parent generation BC line by taking the cultured C line as a first female parent and the cultured B line as a first male parent; and (4) producing commercial chicken ABC by using the cultured A line as a terminal male parent and selecting and reserving a hen of the parent BC line as a terminal female parent. The invention can breed a high-quality chicken which is suitable for industrial slaughter processing and has obvious slaughter trait advantages, and a high-uniformity slaughter type high-quality cold fresh chicken new variety which is stable in heredity, meets the market demand of live chickens and can be directly used for production is bred through a three-line matching mode.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of poultry genetic breeding, in particular to a breeding method of slaughter-type high-quality spotted-brown chickens with high uniformity.
Background
Due to special dietary habits of China, high-quality chickens still maintain live chicken sale as the main part in the coming years, but the sale of iced fresh chickens is driven by the great trend and becomes a necessary development trend. In provinces and cities such as Guangdong and Zhejiang, restriction measures such as no live poultry sale in cities above the city level are implemented, and the range is gradually expanded to other areas, and slaughtering and marketing are gradually substituted for high-quality live chicken to market. In the face of the urgent situation that the market strength of live poultry is gradually strengthened by closing governments at all levels at present, the yellow-feather broiler industry enters the key stage of transformation and upgrading, the current mode of free-range breeding and live chicken market sales must be changed, and the yellow-feather broiler industry is gradually transformed into the mode of 'large-scale breeding and modern sales', namely the mode of selling cold and fresh chickens, which is also the practical requirement of sustainable development and public health safety of the yellow-feather broiler industry.
For a long time, phenotypic characters such as feathering, skin color, shank color and the like and meat quality breeding are emphasized in high-quality chicken breeding in China, and the traits of carcasses are not paid much attention, so that most of commercial carcasses on the market have the defects of high bone sensitivity, loose body type structure, rough skin appearance and the like, and are not suitable for the requirement of selling cold and fresh chickens. Therefore, the cultivation of a new high-quality chicken variety suitable for living bodies and slaughtering to appear on the market is a necessary direction for the development of the high-quality broiler breeding transition period in China and has wide market prospect. Currently, there is no targeted product type on the market. Therefore, the carcass traits of the cold fresh chickens are comprehensively improved, the feeding cost is greatly reduced, meanwhile, the economic traits such as slaughter rate, meat production performance and the like are improved, the cold fresh chickens are promoted to be listed, and early-stage work is made for completely forbidding the live chickens to be listed.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a breeding method of slaughter-type high-quality spotted-brown chicken with high uniformity, which can breed a high-quality chicken which is suitable for industrial slaughter processing and has obvious slaughter trait advantages, and breed a new high-uniformity slaughter-type high-quality cold fresh chicken variety which is stable in heredity, meets the market demand of live chicken and can be directly used for production through a three-line matching mode.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a breeding method of slaughter high-quality spotted-brown chickens with high uniformity is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step (1), three specialized strains are established: wherein A is a terminal father line matched with fast marijuana yellow chickens, and normal marijuana yellow chickens grow moderately and rapidly; b is the spotted-brown chicken pure line containing DW sex linkage gene, short and small spotted-brown chickens with slow growth speed and blood margin containing ultra-fast large AA chicken; c is normal yellow feather chicken, and the growth speed is moderate and fast;
step (2), taking the cultured C line as a first female parent and the cultured B line as a first male parent to produce a parent BC line;
and (3) taking the A line cultured in the step (1) as a terminal male parent, and taking the hen of the BC line of the parent generation selected and remained in the step (2) as a terminal female parent to produce a commodity chicken ABC.
Further, the terminal paternal system A mainly selects the prematurity (cockscomb), the growth speed and the uniformity, and the body and appearance properties (rough feather); the first paternal line B mainly selects uniformity, measures individual egg laying performance and selects reproductive performance; the maternal C line is mainly selected for the uniformity of body weight and growth rate, i.e. the relatively balanced growth rate and reproductive performance, on the basis of giving consideration to reproductive performance.
Further, the terminal male parent strain is bred into the next generation at the peak of egg production, three generations are carried out in two years, 60 full sib families are built in each generation, and the male-female ratio of the families is 1: 12-17; the first paternal line and the mother line (B line and C line) are bred in the family of 45 weeks to generate the next generation, one generation in one year, and each generation generates 60 full-sib families with the male-female ratio of the family being 1: 18-22.
Further, the final seed reserving rates of the A-series cock and the A-series hen are respectively controlled to be 0.75-0.9% and 10-15%; the final seed reserving rate of B-series and C-series cocks is controlled to be 0.8-1.5%, and the final seed reserving rate of B-series and C-series hens is controlled to be 15-20%.
Further, the synthetic breeding method of the B line comprises the following steps:
B1. measuring the shank length of a selected hen in a population with a part of short individuals in a certain ultra-fast-long yellow chicken (AA chicken blood margin), selecting the individual with the shank length being short and small, and detecting whether the selected individual is a DW gene homozygote by using a molecular detection method;
B2. selecting individuals with the weight of +/-15% of the cock groups, selecting individuals with lupin or jute as main wings, and detecting whether the individuals are DW gene heterozygotes by using a molecular detection method;
B3. performing rotation matching on individuals with the heterozygous cock as DW genes and individuals with the homozygous hen as DW genes (F0 generation), reserving offspring individuals, selecting dwarf male and small female individuals with F1 generation to perform DW gene molecular detection, selecting and reserving the individuals with the homozygous DW genes and performing positive and negative cross on a D system (pure chicken system, medium growth speed), namely F1 generation male and multiplied by D female and D generation male and multiplied by F1 female, and introducing the DW genes into the D system;
B4. after positive and negative crossing, the male parent and the female parent of F1 generation and the female parent of D generation and the female parent of F1 generation are kept, individuals with ephedra feather and back feather as grey bottoms are selected for pure breeding respectively, the dwarf male and small female offspring are selected for DW gene molecular detection, the hemp feather individuals with the male and female parents being DW gene pure zygotes are selected for pure breeding, and the B line is synthesized.
In the invention, a chicken sex-linked dwarf gene (dw gene for short) is positioned on a chicken z chromosome, is close to fast-slow feather and honeysuckle feather genes and is positioned between a liver necrosis gene in site and a wingless gene we site; is one of the eight dwarf genes which are found at present, is the only dwarf gene which is beneficial to the production in the present research, and is different from most dwarf genes with obvious pathogenic or lethal effects. By applying the dwarf strain, the seed production cost of parents is greatly reduced. The DW gene is introduced into local varieties in China, a conventional breeding method is combined with molecular auxiliary marker selection, a new matched line of high-quality spotted-brown chickens is established by methods of strain breeding, hybridization matching and the like, and finally, a new slaughter-type spotted-brown chicken variety with high uniformity and high quality is cultivated.
Furthermore, the appearance of the commercial generation broiler is characterized in that the cock is 3.0 plus or minus 0.5kg in 60 days, the hen is 3.0 plus or minus 0.5kg in 65 days, most of the chicken is jute feather, and the chicken is yellow feather or hemp feather individual, short and thick in feet and developed in breast and leg muscles; the sexual maturity is good, the cockscomb and the meat are large and bright red when the cockscomb is on the market, the cockscomb is upright, and the integral uniformity is more than 97%.
In the invention, the strain breeding adopts a specialized strain breeding method, and comprises the breeding of male parent strains and female parent strains, the key characters of the selection and improvement of each strain are different, the male parent strains mainly select appearance characteristics and meat performance, and the female parent strains mainly improve reproductive performance and color of skin color while selecting the appearance characteristics and the meat performance. The strain breeding adopts a closed group family breeding method, once a breeding basic group is determined, external blood is not introduced, family breeding is carried out, pedigree hatching is carried out, and the genetic relationship of individuals is clear. And (3) selecting seeds for phenotypic characters by adopting an independent elimination method, and eliminating any individuals of which the traits can not meet the breeding requirements. For quantitative characters, an individual, a family or an individual and family combination seed selection method is adopted according to character heritability. The reproductive performance is selected by adopting a 300-day-old egg laying number early-stage seed selection method to shorten the generation interval, and the later determination of the egg laying performance to 66 weeks provides a basis for the next generation selection. The male parent strain is generally bred in the next generation at the egg laying peak, the generation interval is about 32 weeks, and three generations are carried out in two years. The female parent line is generally propagated in the next generation at the age of 45 weeks, with the generation interval of about 52 weeks, one generation per year.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention relates to a breeding method of slaughter spotted-brown chickens with high uniformity, which is characterized in that a commercial generation broiler cock is bred in a three-line matching mode for 60 days to be 3.0 +/-0.5 kg, a hen is bred in a 65-day to be 3.0 +/-0.5 kg, most of the commercial generation broiler cock is jute feather, part of yellow feather or numb feather individuals are short and thick in feet, breast and leg muscles are developed, the sexual maturity is good, crowns and flesh are large and bright red when the broiler cock is on the market, the crowns are upright, the commercial generation genetic stability is high, the uniformity is over 97 percent, the slaughter rate of the cock and the hen, the total smoothie rate, the breast muscle rate and the leg muscle rate all exceed the average level, the slaughter body is attractive, the meat production performance is good, the meat quality is good, the slaughter type fresh and cold chicken with high uniformity accords with the market demands of live chickens and can be directly used for producing new products of slaughter type and high quality chickens with high quality.
In addition, the core of the matched line is the synthesis of the B line, the DW gene is detected by a molecular detection method for the first time, and the B line is synthesized by selecting the hemp feather individuals with male and female parents both being homozygous for the DW gene. By applying the dwarf strain, the seed production cost of parents is greatly reduced, and the market popularization is facilitated.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a three-series complete production scheme according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a method for synthesizing the core B system of the complement system.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating the scope of the invention, are intended for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Example 1
A breeding method of slaughter high-quality spotted-brown chickens with high uniformity is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step (1), three specialized strains are established: wherein A is a terminal father line matched with fast marijuana yellow chickens, and normal marijuana yellow chickens grow moderately and rapidly; b is the spotted-brown chicken pure line containing DW sex linkage gene, short and small spotted-brown chickens with slow growth speed and blood margin containing ultra-fast large AA chicken; c is normal yellow feather chicken, and the growth speed is moderate and fast;
step (2), taking the cultured C line as a first female parent and the cultured B line as a first male parent to produce a parent BC line;
and (3) taking the A line cultured in the step (1) as a terminal male parent, and taking the hen of the BC line of the parent generation selected and remained in the step (2) as a terminal female parent to produce a commodity chicken ABC.
Further, the terminal paternal system A mainly selects the prematurity (cockscomb), the growth speed and the uniformity, and the body and appearance properties (rough feather); the first paternal line B mainly selects uniformity, measures individual egg laying performance and selects reproductive performance; the maternal C line is mainly selected for the uniformity of body weight and growth rate, i.e. the relatively balanced growth rate and reproductive performance, on the basis of giving consideration to reproductive performance.
Further, the terminal male parent strain is bred into the next generation at the egg laying peak, three generations are carried out in two years, 60 full sib families are built in each generation, and the male-female ratio of the families is 1: 15; the first paternal line and the maternal line (line B, line C) were bred in 45-week old families to the next generation, one generation in one year, with 60 full-sib families established per generation, with a ratio of 1: 20.
Further, the final seed reserving rates of the A-series cock and the A-series hen are respectively controlled to be 0.85% and 13%; the final seed reserving rate of B-series and C-series cocks is controlled to be 1 percent, and the final seed reserving rate of B-series and C-series hens is controlled to be 18 percent.
Further, the synthetic breeding method of the B line comprises the following steps:
B1. measuring the shank length of a selected hen in a population with a part of short individuals in a certain ultra-fast-long yellow chicken (AA chicken blood margin), selecting the individual with the shank length being short and small, and detecting whether the selected individual is a DW gene homozygote by using a molecular detection method;
B2. selecting individuals with the weight of +/-15% of the cock groups, selecting individuals with lupin or jute as main wings, and detecting whether the individuals are DW gene heterozygotes by using a molecular detection method;
B3. performing rotation matching on individuals with the heterozygous cock as DW genes and individuals with the homozygous hen as DW genes (F0 generation), reserving offspring individuals, selecting dwarf male and small female individuals with F1 generation to perform DW gene molecular detection, selecting and reserving the individuals with the homozygous DW genes and performing positive and negative cross on a D system (pure chicken system, medium growth speed), namely F1 generation male and multiplied by D female and D generation male and multiplied by F1 female, and introducing the DW genes into the D system;
B4. after positive and negative crossing, the male parent and the female parent of F1 generation and the female parent of D generation and the female parent of F1 generation are kept, individuals with ephedra feather and back feather as grey bottoms are selected for pure breeding respectively, the dwarf male and small female offspring are selected for DW gene molecular detection, the hemp feather individuals with the male and female parents being DW gene pure zygotes are selected for pure breeding, and the B line is synthesized.
Furthermore, the appearance of the commercial generation broiler is characterized in that the cock is 3.0 plus or minus 0.5kg in 60 days, the hen is 3.0 plus or minus 0.5kg in 65 days, most of the chicken is jute feather, and the chicken is yellow feather or hemp feather individual, short and thick in feet and developed in breast and leg muscles; the sexual maturity is good, the cockscomb and the meat are large and bright red when the cockscomb is on the market, the cockscomb is upright, and the integral uniformity is more than 97%.
In the invention, the strain breeding adopts a specialized strain breeding method, and comprises the breeding of male parent strains and female parent strains, the key characters of the selection and improvement of each strain are different, the male parent strains mainly select appearance characteristics and meat performance, and the female parent strains mainly improve reproductive performance and color of skin color while selecting the appearance characteristics and the meat performance. The strain breeding adopts a closed group family breeding method, once a breeding basic group is determined, external blood is not introduced, family breeding is carried out, pedigree hatching is carried out, and the genetic relationship of individuals is clear. And (3) selecting seeds for phenotypic characters by adopting an independent elimination method, and eliminating any individuals of which the traits can not meet the breeding requirements. For quantitative characters, an individual, a family or an individual and family combination seed selection method is adopted according to character heritability. The reproductive performance is selected by adopting a 300-day-old egg laying number early-stage seed selection method to shorten the generation interval, and the later determination of the egg laying performance to 66 weeks provides a basis for the next generation selection. The male parent strain is generally bred in the next generation at the egg laying peak, the generation interval is about 32 weeks, and three generations are carried out in two years. The female parent line is generally propagated in the next generation at the age of 45 weeks, with the generation interval of about 52 weeks, one generation per year.
Example 2
A breeding method of slaughter high-quality spotted-brown chickens with high uniformity is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step (1), three specialized strains are established: wherein A is a terminal father line matched with fast marijuana yellow chickens, and normal marijuana yellow chickens grow moderately and rapidly; b is the spotted-brown chicken pure line containing DW sex linkage gene, short and small spotted-brown chickens with slow growth speed and blood margin containing ultra-fast large AA chicken; c is normal yellow feather chicken, and the growth speed is moderate and fast;
step (2), taking the cultured C line as a first female parent and the cultured B line as a first male parent to produce a parent BC line;
and (3) taking the A line cultured in the step (1) as a terminal male parent, and taking the hen of the BC line of the parent generation selected and remained in the step (2) as a terminal female parent to produce a commodity chicken ABC.
Further, the terminal paternal system A mainly selects the prematurity (cockscomb), the growth speed and the uniformity, and the body and appearance properties (rough feather); the first paternal line B mainly selects uniformity, measures individual egg laying performance and selects reproductive performance; the maternal C line is mainly selected for the uniformity of body weight and growth rate, i.e. the relatively balanced growth rate and reproductive performance, on the basis of giving consideration to reproductive performance.
Further, the terminal male parent strain is bred into the next generation at the peak of egg production, three generations are carried out in two years, 60 full sib families are built in each generation, and the male-female ratio of the families is 1: 12; the first paternal line and the maternal line (line B, line C) were bred in 45-week old families to the next generation, one generation in one year, with 60 full-sib families established in each generation, with a ratio of 1: 18.
Further, the final seed reserving rates of the A-line cock and the A-line hen are respectively controlled to be 0.75% and 10%; the final seed reserving rate of B-series and C-series cocks is controlled to be 0.8 percent, and the final seed reserving rate of B-series and C-series hens is controlled to be 15 percent.
Further, the synthetic breeding method of the B line comprises the following steps:
B1. measuring the shank length of a selected hen in a population with a part of short individuals in a certain ultra-fast-long yellow chicken (AA chicken blood margin), selecting the individual with the shank length being short and small, and detecting whether the selected individual is a DW gene homozygote by using a molecular detection method;
B2. selecting individuals with the weight of +/-15% of the cock groups, selecting individuals with lupin or jute as main wings, and detecting whether the individuals are DW gene heterozygotes by using a molecular detection method;
B3. performing rotation matching on individuals with the heterozygous cock as DW genes and individuals with the homozygous hen as DW genes (F0 generation), reserving offspring individuals, selecting dwarf male and small female individuals with F1 generation to perform DW gene molecular detection, selecting and reserving the individuals with the homozygous DW genes and performing positive and negative cross on a D system (pure chicken system, medium growth speed), namely F1 generation male and multiplied by D female and D generation male and multiplied by F1 female, and introducing the DW genes into the D system;
B4. after positive and negative crossing, the male parent and the female parent of F1 generation and the female parent of D generation and the female parent of F1 generation are kept, individuals with ephedra feather and back feather as grey bottoms are selected for pure breeding respectively, the dwarf male and small female offspring are selected for DW gene molecular detection, the hemp feather individuals with the male and female parents being DW gene pure zygotes are selected for pure breeding, and the B line is synthesized.
Furthermore, the appearance of the commercial generation broiler is characterized in that the cock is 3.0 plus or minus 0.5kg in 60 days, the hen is 3.0 plus or minus 0.5kg in 65 days, most of the chicken is jute feather, and the chicken is yellow feather or hemp feather individual, short and thick in feet and developed in breast and leg muscles; the sexual maturity is good, the cockscomb and the meat are large and bright red when the cockscomb is on the market, the cockscomb is upright, and the integral uniformity is more than 97%.
Example 3
A breeding method of slaughter high-quality spotted-brown chickens with high uniformity is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step (1), three specialized strains are established: wherein A is a terminal father line matched with fast marijuana yellow chickens, and normal marijuana yellow chickens grow moderately and rapidly; b is the spotted-brown chicken pure line containing DW sex linkage gene, short and small spotted-brown chickens with slow growth speed and blood margin containing ultra-fast large AA chicken; c is normal yellow feather chicken, and the growth speed is moderate and fast;
step (2), taking the cultured C line as a first female parent and the cultured B line as a first male parent to produce a parent BC line;
and (3) taking the A line cultured in the step (1) as a terminal male parent, and taking the hen of the BC line of the parent generation selected and remained in the step (2) as a terminal female parent to produce a commodity chicken ABC.
Further, the terminal paternal system A mainly selects the prematurity (cockscomb), the growth speed and the uniformity, and the body and appearance properties (rough feather); the first paternal line B mainly selects uniformity, measures individual egg laying performance and selects reproductive performance; the maternal C line is mainly selected for the uniformity of body weight and growth rate, i.e. the relatively balanced growth rate and reproductive performance, on the basis of giving consideration to reproductive performance.
Further, the terminal male parent strain is bred into the next generation at the peak of egg production, three generations are carried out in two years, 60 full sib families are built in each generation, and the male-female ratio of the families is 1: 17; the first paternal and maternal lines (lines B, C) were bred in 45-week old families to the next generation, one generation in the year, with 60 full-sib families established per generation, with a ratio of 1: 22.
Further, the final seed reserving rates of the A-line cock and the A-line hen are respectively controlled to be 0.9% and 15%; the final seed reserving rate of B-series and C-series cocks is controlled to be 1.5 percent, and the final seed reserving rate of B-series and C-series hens is controlled to be 20 percent.
Further, the synthetic breeding method of the B line comprises the following steps:
B1. measuring the shank length of a selected hen in a population with a part of short individuals in a certain ultra-fast-long yellow chicken (AA chicken blood margin), selecting the individual with the shank length being short and small, and detecting whether the selected individual is a DW gene homozygote by using a molecular detection method;
B2. selecting individuals with the weight of +/-15% of the cock groups, selecting individuals with lupin or jute as main wings, and detecting whether the individuals are DW gene heterozygotes by using a molecular detection method;
B3. performing rotation matching on individuals with the heterozygous cock as DW genes and individuals with the homozygous hen as DW genes (F0 generation), reserving offspring individuals, selecting dwarf male and small female individuals with F1 generation to perform DW gene molecular detection, selecting and reserving the individuals with the homozygous DW genes and performing positive and negative cross on a D system (pure chicken system, medium growth speed), namely F1 generation male and multiplied by D female and D generation male and multiplied by F1 female, and introducing the DW genes into the D system;
B4. after positive and negative crossing, the male parent and the female parent of F1 generation and the female parent of D generation and the female parent of F1 generation are kept, individuals with ephedra feather and back feather as grey bottoms are selected for pure breeding respectively, the dwarf male and small female offspring are selected for DW gene molecular detection, the hemp feather individuals with the male and female parents being DW gene pure zygotes are selected for pure breeding, and the B line is synthesized.
Furthermore, the appearance of the commercial generation broiler is characterized in that the cock is 3.0 plus or minus 0.5kg in 60 days, the hen is 3.0 plus or minus 0.5kg in 65 days, most of the chicken is jute feather, and the chicken is yellow feather or hemp feather individual, short and thick in feet and developed in breast and leg muscles; the sexual maturity is good, the cockscomb and the meat are large and bright red when the cockscomb is on the market, the cockscomb is upright, and the integral uniformity is more than 97%.
The technical features of the embodiments described above may be arbitrarily combined, and for the sake of brevity, all possible combinations of the technical features in the embodiments described above are not described, but should be considered as being within the scope of the present specification as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features.
The above-mentioned embodiments only express several embodiments of the present invention, and the description thereof is more specific and detailed, but not construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that, for a person skilled in the art, several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present patent shall be subject to the appended claims.
Claims (5)
1. A breeding method of slaughter type high-quality spotted-brown chickens with high uniformity is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step (1), three specialized strains are established: wherein A is a terminal father line matched with fast marijuana yellow chickens, and normal marijuana yellow chickens grow moderately and rapidly; b is the spotted-brown chicken pure line containing DW sex linkage gene, short and small spotted-brown chickens with slow growth speed and blood margin containing ultra-fast large AA chicken; c is normal yellow feather chicken, and the growth speed is moderate and fast;
step (2), taking the cultured C line as a first female parent and the cultured B line as a first male parent to produce a parent BC line;
step (3), the A line cultivated in the step (1) is used as a terminal male parent, and the hen of the BC line of the parent generation selected and remained in the step (2) is used as a terminal female parent to produce commodity chicken ABC;
the synthetic breeding method of the B line comprises the following steps:
B1. measuring the shank length of a certain group containing ultra-fast long yellow chickens with the blood relationship of the ultra-fast big AA chickens, selecting the individuals with the shank length being short and small from the hen, and detecting whether the individuals are DW gene homozygotes by using a molecular detection method;
B2. selecting individuals with the weight of +/-15% of the cock groups, selecting individuals with lupin or jute as main wings, and detecting whether the individuals are DW gene heterozygotes by using a molecular detection method;
B3. taking an individual with a cock as a DW gene heterozygote and an individual with a hen as a DW gene homozygote as F0 generations for alternate matching, reserving offspring individuals, selecting a dwarf male-female individual of F1 generations for DW gene molecular detection, selecting and reserving the DW homozygote individual for positive and negative cross with a pure line D of a hemp chicken with a medium growth speed in a whole life, namely F1 generations of male and female and D of D1 generations, and introducing the DW gene into the D line;
B4. after positive and negative crossing, the male parent and the female parent of F1 generation and the female parent of D generation and the female parent of F1 generation are kept, the individuals with the ephedra feather and the back feather as grey bottoms are respectively selected for pure breeding, the short and small male and female offspring are selected for DW gene molecular detection, the hemp feather individuals with the male and female parents being both DW gene pure zygotes are selected for pure breeding, and the B line is synthesized.
2. The breeding method of slaughter high-quality spotted-brown chickens with high uniformity according to claim 1, wherein the terminal paternal system A mainly selects the characteristics of earliness, growth speed, uniformity and body and appearance; the first paternal line B mainly selects uniformity, measures individual egg laying performance and selects reproductive performance; the maternal C line is mainly selected for the uniformity of body weight and growth rate, i.e. the relatively balanced growth rate and reproductive performance, on the basis of giving consideration to reproductive performance.
3. The breeding method of high-uniformity slaughter type high-quality spotted-brown chickens according to claim 1, characterized in that a terminal father product line is bred in the next generation at the egg laying peak, three generations are carried out in two years, 60 full sib families are built in each generation, and the male-female ratio of the families is 1: 12-17; the first father line and the mother line establish families in 45 weeks to breed next generation, one generation in one year, each generation establishes 60 full-sib families, the male-female ratio of the families is 1:18-22, and the mother line comprises a B line and a C line.
4. The breeding method of slaughter high-quality spotted-brown chickens with high uniformity according to claim 1, wherein the final seed reserving rates of the A-line cock and the hen are respectively controlled to be 0.75-0.9% and 10-15%; the final seed reserving rate of B-series and C-series cocks is controlled to be 0.8-1.5%, and the final seed reserving rate of B-series and C-series hens is controlled to be 15-20%.
5. The breeding method of high-uniformity slaughter type high-quality yellow-brown chickens according to claim 1, wherein appearance characteristics of commercial generation broiler chickens are that most of the commercial generation broiler chickens are jute feather, part of the commercial generation broiler chickens are yellow feather or yellow feather, 60 days of the commercial generation broiler chickens are 3.0 +/-0.5 kg, 65 days of the commercial generation broiler chickens are 3.0 +/-0.5 kg, feet of the commercial generation broiler chickens are short and thick, and muscles of chest and legs of the commercial generation broiler chickens are developed; the sexual maturity is good, the cockscomb and the meat are large and bright red when the cockscomb is on the market, the cockscomb is upright, and the integral uniformity is more than 97%.
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| CN112369367A (en) * | 2020-11-30 | 2021-02-19 | 江门科朗农业科技有限公司 | Breeding method of fast-growing type spotted-brown broiler |
| CN112568184B (en) * | 2020-12-09 | 2022-09-02 | 海南新泉文昌鸡有限公司 | Breeding method of slaughter type high-quality Wenchang chickens with high uniformity |
| CN113100170A (en) * | 2021-04-27 | 2021-07-13 | 广东省农业科学院动物科学研究所 | Cultivation method of early-maturing slaughter processing type high-quality chicken complete set |
| CN113180005A (en) * | 2021-05-18 | 2021-07-30 | 佛山市南海种禽有限公司 | Breeding method of slaughter-type ephedra broiler chicken complete set line |
| CN114128667A (en) * | 2021-10-12 | 2022-03-04 | 安徽科瑞达禽业有限公司 | Breeding and culturing method of Huainan spotted-brown chickens |
| CN113875694A (en) * | 2021-10-19 | 2022-01-04 | 安徽科瑞达禽业有限公司 | Method for producing Huainan spotted-brown chicken complete set line |
| CN116019061B (en) * | 2023-03-07 | 2023-07-07 | 江苏省家禽科学研究所 | Cultivation method for medium-fast slaughter type high-quality chickens |
| CN116584434A (en) * | 2023-04-14 | 2023-08-15 | 江苏省家禽科学研究所 | Seed production method of slaughter type Sanhuang high-quality broiler chicken complete set |
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