CN113875694A - Method for producing Huainan spotted-brown chicken complete set line - Google Patents
Method for producing Huainan spotted-brown chicken complete set line Download PDFInfo
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of poultry seed production, and particularly relates to a seed production method of Huainan spotted-brown chicken complete set, which comprises the following steps: step A, male parent breeding: after the cock is continuously screened in three periods of the young stage, the middle stage and the adult stage, chicken lines with the feather color of ephedra feather, compact body feather, large single crown and crown, bright red, slender legs and cyan shin are selected as male parents of the complete set line. The invention selects the chicken lines of which the feather color is ephedra feather and the body feather is compact, the single crown and the crown are large and bright red, the leg is slender and the shin is cyan as the male parent of the mating line, the hen selects the chicken lines of which the body trunk is plump, the chest width is wide, the feather color is ephedra or yellow, the single crown and the crown are large and bright red, the shin is slender and the shin is cyan as the female parent of the mating line, and then the consistent cock and hen are respectively selected to construct the family line for three-generation hybridization to obtain the new high-quality chicken variety which is suitable for both meat and eggs and slaughtered to be on the market.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of poultry seed production, in particular to a seed production method of Huainan spotted-brown chicken complete set line.
Background
The mating line seed production of chicken is the main form of the modern chicken breeding system, namely, the filial generation is produced in a large scale through the hybridization of different chicken lines and a fixed hybridization mode thereof, and the filial generation is supplied to a consumption market after being raised as a terminal product (commodity generation). The matched line seed production can rapidly transmit excellent genetic genes from a breeding farm to a terminal commodity breeding farm in a large scale. The mating line seed production mode has important significance in meeting the social requirements on chickens and can obtain commercial benefits. The evaluation of the quality of the mating system is mainly based on whether the mating system meets the social favor of the mating system products (eggs and chicken), and the production cost and the production performance of the commercial chicken substitutes. The seed production cost of different mating lines and the production performance of the commercial generation of the mating lines are determined by the chicken strains forming the mating lines, so that the breeding of the chicken strains, the measurement of the strain combination and the research and development of a new mating line combination are urgently needed.
For a long time, phenotypic characters such as feather color, skin color, shank color and the like and meat quality breeding are emphasized in the breeding of high-quality chickens in China, but for most of the bred high-quality chickens, few high-quality breeders suitable for both meat and eggs and slaughtering to be on the market are difficult to guarantee, so that the requirements of the existing market are difficult to meet. Therefore, a new high-quality chicken variety which is suitable for both meat and eggs and slaughtering to appear on the market is bred through a matching line to meet the market demand, and the method is a necessary direction for the development of the high-quality broiler breeding transition period in China.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a method for producing Huainan spotted-brown chicken matched system, which solves the problem that the existing high-quality chicken is difficult to ensure that the high-quality chicken suitable for both meat and eggs and slaughtering the high-quality chicken on the market are few.
(II) technical scheme
The invention specifically adopts the following technical scheme for realizing the purpose:
a method for producing hybrid seeds of Huainan spotted-brown chickens comprises the following steps:
step A, male parent breeding: selecting chicken strains with the feather color of ephedra feather and compact body feather, and the single crown, the big crown, bright red, slender legs and cyan shin as male parents of the complete set line after continuously screening the cocks in three periods of the young stage, the middle stage and the adult stage respectively;
b, female parent breeding: selecting chicken strains with plump body, wide chest, and feather color of herba Ephedrae or yellow, single crown and big crown but bright red, slender shin and green shin as female parent of the mating line;
and step C, mixing the chicken strain male parent selected in the step A and the chicken strain female parent selected in the step B according to the ratio of 1: and (3) establishing families according to the male-female ratio of 8-12, hybridizing, performing at least 3 generations, and reserving seeds according to individuals and families with excellent growth and production performance.
Further, the young cocks and the young hens in the young period are 20-21 days old, wherein the young purification and selection method for the cocks and the young hens comprises the following steps: selecting excellent individuals which can walk in a self-standing mode, have smooth villi, good umbilical absorption, no blood mark and no deformity, and eliminating the individuals which are inconvenient to walk, have poor umbilical absorption, less villi and have blood mark and deformity.
Further, the cock and the hen at the middle period are 60-120 days old, wherein the method for purifying and selecting the cock and the hen at the middle period comprises the following steps: selecting good individuals with good development, uniform and consistent weight, firm skeleton, high survival rate, red and large crowns and bright eyes and high head for the cocks, and eliminating the individuals with poor development, excessive or small weight, weak skeleton and low survival rate; and selecting excellent individuals with moderate weight, good healthy development, full body shape, wide chest and compact feathers for the hen, and eliminating the individuals with over-large or over-small weight, poor healthy development, thin body shape, narrow chest and loose feathers.
Further, the cock and the hen at the adult period are 210 days old, wherein the method for purifying and selecting the cock and the hen at the adult period comprises the following steps: the cock reserves the individuals with qualified and good semen quality and eliminates the unqualified individuals according to the determination standards of the semen amount, the semen density and the activity in the semen quality; the hens select good individuals with large body size, early onset of labor, more eggs, good egg laying performance, ephedra or yellow feathers and uniform weight, and eliminate the individuals with small body size, less eggs, unqualified egg laying performance and nonuniform weight.
Further, in step C, 30-60 full sibling families are established for each generation, wherein the ratio of the male parent to the female parent of each family is controlled to be 1: 10.
Furthermore, in the step C, the excellent individuals and families of the cocks and the hens are selected according to the weight and the survival rate of the cocks and the hens, and the excellent individuals are reserved according to the age of the hens in the day of laying, the egg production and the egg standard, wherein the egg standard specifically comprises the following steps: egg weight, egg shape index, eggshell strength, eggshell thickness, egg specific gravity, yolk color, eggshell color and yolk proportion.
(III) advantageous effects
Compared with the prior art, the invention provides a seed production method of Huainan spotted-brown chicken complete set line, which has the following beneficial effects:
the invention selects the chicken lines of which the feather color is ephedra feather and the body feather is compact, the single crown and the crown are large and bright red, the leg is slender and the shin is cyan as the male parent of the mating line, the hen selects the chicken lines of which the body trunk is plump, the chest width is wide, the feather color is ephedra or yellow, the single crown and the crown are large and bright red, the shin is slender and the green shin as the female parent of the mating line, and then the consistent cock and hen are respectively selected to construct a family line for three-generation hybridization to obtain a new high-quality chicken variety which is suitable for both meat and eggs and slaughtered to market, thereby meeting the market demand.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a test chart for slaughtering a cock or a hen according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the growth and productivity test of the hens at different ages of day in the example of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a standard test chart of hatching eggs according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, a method for producing hybrid seeds of Huainan spotted-brown chicken complete set provided by an embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:
step A, male parent breeding: selecting chicken strains with the feather color of ephedra feather and compact body feather, and the single crown, the big crown, bright red, slender legs and cyan shin as male parents of the complete set line after continuously screening the cocks in three periods of the young stage, the middle stage and the adult stage respectively;
b, female parent breeding: selecting chicken strains with plump body, wide chest, and feather color of herba Ephedrae or yellow, single crown and big crown but bright red, slender shin and green shin as female parent of the mating line;
and step C, mixing the chicken strain male parent selected in the step A and the chicken strain female parent selected in the step B according to the ratio of 1: 8, establishing a family according to the male-female ratio, hybridizing for at least 3 generations, and reserving seeds according to individuals and families with excellent growth and production performance.
In some embodiments, the rooster and hen at the young stage are 20 days old, wherein the young stage of the rooster and hen is selected by the following method: selecting excellent individuals which can walk in a self-standing mode, have smooth villi, good umbilical absorption, no blood mark and no deformity, and eliminating the individuals which are inconvenient to walk, have poor umbilical absorption, less villi and have blood mark and deformity.
In some embodiments, the cock and hen at the middle term are 60 days old, wherein the middle term purification of the cock and hen is selected by the following method: selecting good individuals with good development, uniform and consistent weight, firm skeleton, high survival rate, red and large crowns and bright eyes and high head for the cocks, and eliminating the individuals with poor development, excessive or small weight, weak skeleton and low survival rate; and selecting excellent individuals with moderate weight, good healthy development, full body shape, wide chest and compact feathers for the hen, and eliminating the individuals with over-large or over-small weight, poor healthy development, thin body shape, narrow chest and loose feathers.
In some embodiments, the rooster and hen in the adult period are 210 days old, wherein the cock and hen in the adult period are purified by the following method: the cock reserves the individuals with qualified and good semen quality and eliminates the unqualified individuals according to the determination standards of the semen amount, the semen density and the activity in the semen quality; the hens select good individuals with large body size, early onset of labor, more eggs, good egg laying performance, ephedra or yellow feathers and uniform weight, and eliminate the individuals with small body size, less eggs, unqualified egg laying performance and nonuniform weight.
In some embodiments, 30 full sibling families are established in each generation in step C, wherein the ratio of the male parent to the female parent of each family is controlled to be 1: 10.
In some embodiments, the growth performance in step C is mainly selected from individuals and families with good breeders and hens according to the weight and survival rate of the breeders and the production performance is selected from individuals and families with good breeders and hens kept according to the age of the hens in the day of laying, the egg production and the egg standard, wherein the egg standard specifically comprises: egg weight, egg shape index, eggshell strength, eggshell thickness, egg specific gravity, yolk color, eggshell color and yolk proportion.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, a method for producing hybrid seeds of Huainan spotted-brown chicken complete set provided by an embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:
step A, male parent breeding: selecting chicken strains with the feather color of ephedra feather and compact body feather, and the single crown, the big crown, bright red, slender legs and cyan shin as male parents of the complete set line after continuously screening the cocks in three periods of the young stage, the middle stage and the adult stage respectively;
b, female parent breeding: selecting chicken strains with plump body, wide chest, and feather color of herba Ephedrae or yellow, single crown and big crown but bright red, slender shin and green shin as female parent of the mating line;
and step C, mixing the chicken strain male parent selected in the step A and the chicken strain female parent selected in the step B according to the ratio of 1:10 male and female proportion to form a family for hybridization, at least 3 generations are carried out, and the seeds are reserved according to individuals and families with excellent growth and production performance.
In some embodiments, the rooster and hen are 20.5 days old during the young period, wherein the young period of the rooster and hen is selected by the following method: selecting excellent individuals which can walk in a self-standing mode, have smooth villi, good umbilical absorption, no blood mark and no deformity, and eliminating the individuals which are inconvenient to walk, have poor umbilical absorption, less villi and have blood mark and deformity.
In some embodiments, the cock and hen at the middle term are 60 days old, wherein the middle term purification of the cock and hen is selected by the following method: selecting good individuals with good development, uniform and consistent weight, firm skeleton, high survival rate, red and large crowns and bright eyes and high head for the cocks, and eliminating the individuals with poor development, excessive or small weight, weak skeleton and low survival rate; and selecting excellent individuals with moderate weight, good healthy development, full body shape, wide chest and compact feathers for the hen, and eliminating the individuals with over-large or over-small weight, poor healthy development, thin body shape, narrow chest and loose feathers.
In some embodiments, the rooster and hen in the adult period are 210 days old, wherein the cock and hen in the adult period are purified by the following method: the cock reserves the individuals with qualified and good semen quality and eliminates the unqualified individuals according to the determination standards of the semen amount, the semen density and the activity in the semen quality; the hens select good individuals with large body size, early onset of labor, more eggs, good egg laying performance, ephedra or yellow feathers and uniform weight, and eliminate the individuals with small body size, less eggs, unqualified egg laying performance and nonuniform weight.
In some embodiments, 40 full sibling families are established in each generation in step C, wherein the ratio of the male parent to the female parent of each family is controlled to be 1: 10.
In some embodiments, the growth performance in step C is mainly selected from individuals and families with good breeders and hens according to the weight and survival rate of the breeders and the production performance is selected from individuals and families with good breeders and hens kept according to the age of the hens in the day of laying, the egg production and the egg standard, wherein the egg standard specifically comprises: egg weight, egg shape index, eggshell strength, eggshell thickness, egg specific gravity, yolk color, eggshell color and yolk proportion.
Example 3
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, a method for producing hybrid seeds of Huainan spotted-brown chicken complete set provided by an embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:
step A, male parent breeding: selecting chicken strains with the feather color of ephedra feather and compact body feather, and the single crown, the big crown, bright red, slender legs and cyan shin as male parents of the complete set line after continuously screening the cocks in three periods of the young stage, the middle stage and the adult stage respectively;
b, female parent breeding: selecting chicken strains with plump body, wide chest, and feather color of herba Ephedrae or yellow, single crown and big crown but bright red, slender shin and green shin as female parent of the mating line;
and step C, mixing the chicken strain male parent selected in the step A and the chicken strain female parent selected in the step B according to the ratio of 1: 11, establishing a family according to the male-female ratio, hybridizing for at least 3 generations, and reserving seeds according to individuals and families with excellent growth and production performance.
In some embodiments, the rooster and hen at the young stage are 20 days old, wherein the young stage of the rooster and hen is selected by the following method: selecting excellent individuals which can walk in a self-standing mode, have smooth villi, good umbilical absorption, no blood mark and no deformity, and eliminating the individuals which are inconvenient to walk, have poor umbilical absorption, less villi and have blood mark and deformity.
In some embodiments, the cock and hen at the middle term are 90 days old, wherein the middle term purification of the cock and hen is selected by: selecting good individuals with good development, uniform and consistent weight, firm skeleton, high survival rate, red and large crowns and bright eyes and high head for the cocks, and eliminating the individuals with poor development, excessive or small weight, weak skeleton and low survival rate; and selecting excellent individuals with moderate weight, good healthy development, full body shape, wide chest and compact feathers for the hen, and eliminating the individuals with over-large or over-small weight, poor healthy development, thin body shape, narrow chest and loose feathers.
In some embodiments, the rooster and hen in the adult period are 210 days old, wherein the cock and hen in the adult period are purified by the following method: the cock reserves the individuals with qualified and good semen quality and eliminates the unqualified individuals according to the determination standards of the semen amount, the semen density and the activity in the semen quality; the hens select good individuals with large body size, early onset of labor, more eggs, good egg laying performance, ephedra or yellow feathers and uniform weight, and eliminate the individuals with small body size, less eggs, unqualified egg laying performance and nonuniform weight.
In some embodiments, 50 full sibling families are established in each generation in step C, wherein the ratio of the male to the female of each family is controlled to be 1: 10.
In some embodiments, the growth performance in step C is mainly selected from individuals and families with good breeders and hens according to the weight and survival rate of the breeders and the production performance is selected from individuals and families with good breeders and hens kept according to the age of the hens in the day of laying, the egg production and the egg standard, wherein the egg standard specifically comprises: egg weight, egg shape index, eggshell strength, eggshell thickness, egg specific gravity, yolk color, eggshell color and yolk proportion.
Example 4
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, a method for producing hybrid seeds of Huainan spotted-brown chicken complete set provided by an embodiment of the invention comprises the following steps:
step A, male parent breeding: selecting chicken strains with the feather color of ephedra feather and compact body feather, and the single crown, the big crown, bright red, slender legs and cyan shin as male parents of the complete set line after continuously screening the cocks in three periods of the young stage, the middle stage and the adult stage respectively;
b, female parent breeding: selecting chicken strains with plump body, wide chest, and feather color of herba Ephedrae or yellow, single crown and big crown but bright red, slender shin and green shin as female parent of the mating line;
and step C, mixing the chicken strain male parent selected in the step A and the chicken strain female parent selected in the step B according to the ratio of 1: 12 male and female proportion to form a family, hybridizing the family, performing at least 3 generations, and reserving seeds according to individuals and families with excellent growth and production performance.
In some embodiments, the rooster and hen in the young period are 21 days old, wherein the young period of the rooster and hen is selected by the following method: selecting excellent individuals which can walk in a self-standing mode, have smooth villi, good umbilical absorption, no blood mark and no deformity, and eliminating the individuals which are inconvenient to walk, have poor umbilical absorption, less villi and have blood mark and deformity.
In some embodiments, the cock and hen at the middle term are 120 days old, wherein the middle term purification of the cock and hen is selected by the following method: selecting good individuals with good development, uniform and consistent weight, firm skeleton, high survival rate, red and large crowns and bright eyes and high head for the cocks, and eliminating the individuals with poor development, excessive or small weight, weak skeleton and low survival rate; and selecting excellent individuals with moderate weight, good healthy development, full body shape, wide chest and compact feathers for the hen, and eliminating the individuals with over-large or over-small weight, poor healthy development, thin body shape, narrow chest and loose feathers.
In some embodiments, the rooster and hen in the adult period are 210 days old, wherein the cock and hen in the adult period are purified by the following method: the cock reserves the individuals with qualified and good semen quality and eliminates the unqualified individuals according to the determination standards of the semen amount, the semen density and the activity in the semen quality; the hens select good individuals with large body size, early onset of labor, more eggs, good egg laying performance, ephedra or yellow feathers and uniform weight, and eliminate the individuals with small body size, less eggs, unqualified egg laying performance and nonuniform weight.
In some embodiments, 60 full sibling families are established in each generation in step C, wherein the ratio of the male to the female of each family is controlled to be 1: 10.
In some embodiments, the growth performance in step C is mainly selected from individuals and families with good breeders and hens according to the weight and survival rate of the breeders and the production performance is selected from individuals and families with good breeders and hens kept according to the age of the hens in the day of laying, the egg production and the egg standard, wherein the egg standard specifically comprises: egg weight, egg shape index, eggshell strength, eggshell thickness, egg specific gravity, yolk color, eggshell color and yolk proportion.
The invention selects chicken lines with the feather color of ephedra feather and compact body feather, large single crown and crown but bright red, slender leg and cyan shin as male parents of a mating line, selects chicken lines with the feather color of ephedra feather or yellow, large single crown and crown but bright red, slender shin and cyan shin as female parents of the mating line, then establishes a family line by respectively selecting the consistent cocks and hens as the female parents of the mating line for three-generation hybridization to obtain high-quality breeders of meat and egg dual-purpose type, slaughters and determines the cocks and the hens in the high-quality products in order to ensure that the high-quality breeders are suitable for both meat and egg dual-purpose type and slaughter market requirements, wherein the slaughter determination method of the cocks and the hens can be carried out according to GB/T19478 plus 2004, and the slaughter determination data of the cocks and the hens in figure 1 exceed the average level, therefore, the high-quality breeding hens produced in the invention can meet the requirements of being suitable for both meat and eggs and slaughtering and marketing.
While the growth and productivity data for the different day ages of the rooster and hen can be seen in fig. 2, fig. 3 is the data determined for the hatching egg standards, wherein the growth and productivity data for the different day ages of the rooster and the hatching egg standards are determined according to the DB 34/T885-2009 standard.
Finally, it should be noted that: although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that changes may be made in the embodiments and/or equivalents thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A seed production method of Huainan spotted-brown chicken complete set line is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
step A, male parent breeding: selecting chicken strains with the feather color of ephedra feather and compact body feather, and the single crown, the big crown, bright red, slender legs and cyan shin as male parents of the complete set line after continuously screening the cocks in three periods of the young stage, the middle stage and the adult stage respectively;
b, female parent breeding: selecting chicken strains with plump body, wide chest, and feather color of herba Ephedrae or yellow, single crown and big crown but bright red, slender shin and green shin as female parent of the mating line;
and step C, mixing the chicken strain male parent selected in the step A and the chicken strain female parent selected in the step B according to the ratio of 1: and (3) establishing families according to the male-female ratio of 8-12, hybridizing, performing at least 3 generations, and reserving seeds according to individuals and families with excellent growth and production performance.
2. The method for producing hybrid seeds of Huainan spotted-brown chickens according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the young cock and the young hen are 20-21 days old, wherein the young cock and the young hen are purified and selected by the following method: selecting excellent individuals which can walk in a self-standing mode, have smooth villi, good umbilical absorption, no blood mark and no deformity, and eliminating the individuals which are inconvenient to walk, have poor umbilical absorption, less villi and have blood mark and deformity.
3. The method for producing hybrid seeds of Huainan spotted-brown chickens according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the cock and the hen at the middle period are 60-120 days old, wherein the method for purifying and selecting the cock and the hen at the middle period comprises the following steps: selecting good individuals with good development, uniform and consistent weight, firm skeleton, high survival rate, red and large crowns and bright eyes and high head for the cocks, and eliminating the individuals with poor development, excessive or small weight, weak skeleton and low survival rate; and selecting excellent individuals with moderate weight, good healthy development, full body shape, wide chest and compact feathers for the hen, and eliminating the individuals with over-large or over-small weight, poor healthy development, thin body shape, narrow chest and loose feathers.
4. The method for producing hybrid seeds of Huainan spotted-brown chickens according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the cock and the hen at the adult period are 210 days old, wherein the cock and the hen at the adult period are purified and selected by the following method: the cock reserves the individuals with qualified and good semen quality and eliminates the unqualified individuals according to the determination standards of the semen amount, the semen density and the activity in the semen quality; the hens select good individuals with large body size, early onset of labor, more eggs, good egg laying performance, ephedra or yellow feathers and uniform weight, and eliminate the individuals with small body size, less eggs, unqualified egg laying performance and nonuniform weight.
5. The method for producing hybrid seeds of Huainan spotted-brown chickens according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: and C, building 30-60 full sibling families in each generation, wherein the male-female ratio of each family is controlled to be 1: 10.
6. The method for producing hybrid seeds of Huainan spotted-brown chickens according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step C, excellent individuals and families of the cocks and the hens are selected according to the weight and the survival rate of the cocks and the hens, and the excellent individuals are reserved according to the laying age of the hens, the egg yield and the egg standard, wherein the egg standard specifically comprises the following steps: egg weight, egg shape index, eggshell strength, eggshell thickness, egg specific gravity, yolk color, eggshell color and yolk proportion.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN116019061A (en) * | 2023-03-07 | 2023-04-28 | 江苏省家禽科学研究所 | Cultivation method for medium-fast slaughter type high-quality chickens |
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