CN114128667A - Breeding and culturing method of Huainan spotted-brown chickens - Google Patents
Breeding and culturing method of Huainan spotted-brown chickens Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of breeding, and particularly relates to a breeding and culturing method of Huainan spotted-brown chickens, which comprises the following steps: s1, carrying out pairing hybridization on the Huainan spotted-brown chicken ancestral female parent and the three-yellow chicken ancestral male parent to produce three-yellow chicken maternal and parent generations; s2, selfing the three-yellow chicken female parent and parent generations, and selecting and reserving a second parent and parent generation of the three-yellow chicken female parent; and S3, hybridizing the Huainan yellow chicken with high growth speed serving as a male parent and a female parent of the Sanhuang chicken with a second parent and a second parent to obtain the commercial chicken. The method improves the slaughtering rate, the complete thorax rate, the leg muscle rate and the pectoral muscle rate of the commercial chicken, improves the early growth speed, has less feed consumption, shortens the breeding time, effectively reduces the breeding cost of new varieties of high-quality chickens, improves the breeding benefit, and the cultured commercial chicken has the excellent characteristics of strong survival ability, high egg yield, fresh and tender meat quality and the like of the sanhuang chicken, and has tender and smooth chicken meat, crisp skin, soft bones, full fat and delicious taste and can create higher economic value.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of breeding, in particular to a breeding and culturing method of Huainan spotted-brown chickens.
Background
Huainan yellow chicken is a famous local variety in China and is named by Chinese livestock and poultry genetic resource record: recorded in the records of poultry, the main producing area is located in Huai nan city of Anhui province and the area of tens of thousands of square kilometers around. The Huainan spotted-brown chicken belongs to a meat and egg dual-purpose type, has green shin and feather yellow with pockmarks, has excellent meat quality, is taken as a soil-seeded broiler chicken and is deeply favored by local markets.
With the improvement of living standard, the demand of consumers on the high-quality local broiler chickens is continuously increased, and the local chicken industry taking Huainan yellow chicken as a main variety is rapidly developed. In order to provide high-quality chicken as high-end commodities for the market, the key problem of high-quality chicken varieties must be solved at present. Because the variety is internal cause, the feeding condition is external cause, any chicken variety can not grow into high-quality chicken under the superior feeding environmental condition, and the goal of producing high-quality commodity high-quality chicken can be realized only under the superior feeding environmental condition, so that the development and market flourishing of the high-quality chicken industry are promoted, and the economic and social benefits are continuously improved. However, the existing Huainan yellow chicken breeding and cultivating mode has complicated procedures and long breeding time, so that the feed consumption is large, the cost is high, the quality of the cultivated commercial chicken is not obviously improved, and the economic value is lower.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem to be solved
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a breeding and culturing method of Huainan spotted-brown chickens, and solves the problems that the existing breeding and culturing method of Huainan spotted-brown chickens has complicated procedures and long breeding time, causes large feed consumption and high cost, and the quality of cultured commercial chickens is not obviously improved and has lower economic value.
(II) technical scheme
The invention specifically adopts the following technical scheme for realizing the purpose:
a breeding and culturing method of Huainan spotted-brown chickens comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting a Huainan spotted-brown chicken with green shin, recessive and medium growth speed as a ancestral female parent, selecting a Sanhuang chicken with red crown, short and thin shin and moderate body slant length as an ancestral male parent, and carrying out pairing hybridization on the Huainan spotted-brown chicken ancestral female parent and the Sanhuang chicken ancestral male parent to produce a Sanhuang chicken maternal parent and parent with medium shin and medium growth speed;
s2, selfing the yellow shin produced in the step S1 and the three-yellow chicken female parent generation with medium growth speed, and selecting a second yellow shin three-yellow chicken female parent generation with high growth speed;
s3, selecting Huainan yellow chicken with green shin, ephedra feather and high growth speed as male parent and female parent, and hybridizing with the yellow shin and the three yellow chicken with high growth speed produced in the step S2 and the second parent and female parent to obtain the commercial chicken.
Furthermore, the Huai nan Ma yellow chicken in the ancestral female parent and the paternal male parent is bred in at least 3 generations of non-near-parent self-reproduction by selecting individuals with proper body types, such as small heads, short strength, wide chest, short shins, thin necks and full carcasses, the feeding conditions and the nutrition level of the ration in each generation are consistent, and the breeding conditions and the nutrition level of the ration comprise 11.99kJ/kg of the metabolism energy of the ration at 0-4 weeks, 21% of crude protein, 12.18kJ/kg of the metabolism energy of the ration at 4-11 weeks, 19% of crude protein, free food intake, drinking water and conventional immunity.
Furthermore, when Huainan spotted-brown chickens in the ancestral female parent and the paternal parent are bred, the shank length of 300-day-old hens is selected and reserved according to the egg laying record and the growth speed: 9.2-9.4 cm, weight: 1.65-1.75 kg, egg weight 44-48 g, selecting and reserving 300-day-old cock shank length: 13.0-13.2 cm, weight: 1.95-2.05 kg, and the slaughtering rate and the complete smoothie rate of the cocks and the hens reach more than 88% and 66% respectively.
Further, when breeding the three yellow chickens in the second parental generation of the female parent, the weight of the adult three yellow chickens of 22 weeks old is selected: 1600-1800 g, hen weight: 1250-1400 g; the day age of onset: 130-150 days old, weight of birth: 1150-1200 g, egg weight: 42-46 g, and the slaughter rate, the total thorax rate, the leg muscle rate and the pectoral muscle rate respectively reach 88%, 67%, 25% and more than 19%.
(III) advantageous effects
Compared with the prior art, the invention provides a breeding and culturing method of Huainan spotted-brown chickens, which has the following beneficial effects:
according to the invention, the male parent and the female parent are respectively selected to be hybridized with the high-quality Sanhuang chicken bred by hybridization and self-breeding, so that the slaughtering rate, the complete evisceration rate, the leg muscle rate and the breast muscle rate of the obtained commercial chicken are improved, the bred commercial chicken can obviously show the advantages of twice hybridization, on one hand, the early growth speed is improved, the feed consumption is low, the breeding time is shortened, the breeding cost of a new variety of the high-quality chicken is effectively reduced, and the breeding benefit is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the slaughter performance comparison between commercial chickens 8 weeks old and 0 generation Huainan yellow-fried chicken 8 weeks old obtained in examples 1-4 according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, a breeding and culturing method of chinese ephedra chicken in Huainan provided by an embodiment of the invention includes the following steps:
s1, selecting a Huainan spotted-brown chicken with green shin, recessive and medium growth speed as a ancestral female parent, selecting a Sanhuang chicken with red crown, short and thin shin and moderate body slant length as an ancestral male parent, and carrying out pairing hybridization on the Huainan spotted-brown chicken ancestral female parent and the Sanhuang chicken ancestral male parent to produce a Sanhuang chicken maternal parent and parent with medium shin and medium growth speed;
s2, selfing the yellow shin produced in the step S1 and the three-yellow chicken female parent generation with medium growth speed, and selecting a second yellow shin three-yellow chicken female parent generation with high growth speed;
s3, selecting Huainan yellow chicken with green shin, ephedra feather and high growth speed as male parent and female parent, and hybridizing with the yellow shin and the three yellow chicken with high growth speed produced in the step S2 and the second parent and female parent to obtain the commercial chicken.
In some embodiments, the Huainan yellow chicken in the ancestral female parent and the paternal male parent is bred in at least 3 generations of non-near-parent self-reproduction by selecting individuals with proper body types, such as small heads, short strength, wide breasts, short shins, thin necks and full carcasses, the breeding conditions and the nutrition level of the ration in each generation are consistent, and the breeding conditions and the nutrition level of the ration comprise 11.99kJ/kg of the metabolic energy of the ration at 0-4 weeks, 21% of crude protein, 12.18kJ/kg of the metabolic energy of the ration at 4-11 weeks, 19% of crude protein, free food intake, drinking water and conventional immunity.
In some embodiments, the Huainan spotted-brown chickens in the ancestral female parent and the paternal parent are bred, and the shank length of the 300-day-old hens is selected according to the egg laying record and the growth speed: 9.2cm, body weight: 1.65 kg, egg weight 44g, selecting and reserving 300-day-old cock shank length: 13.0cm, body weight: 1.95 kg, and the slaughter rate and the complete smoothie rate of the cocks and the hens are respectively 88.5 percent and 67.2 percent.
In some embodiments, the adult three yellow chicken rooster of 22 weeks of age is selected for weight when breeding three yellow chickens in the female parent second parental generation: 1600g, hen weight: 1250 g; the day age of onset: 130 days old, weight for birth: 1150g, egg weight: 42g, and the slaughter rate, the full bore rate, the leg muscle rate and the chest muscle rate are respectively 88.5%, 68.5%, 25.5% and 19.5%.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 1, a breeding and culturing method of chinese ephedra chicken in Huainan provided by an embodiment of the invention includes the following steps:
s1, selecting a Huainan spotted-brown chicken with green shin, recessive and medium growth speed as a ancestral female parent, selecting a Sanhuang chicken with red crown, short and thin shin and moderate body slant length as an ancestral male parent, and carrying out pairing hybridization on the Huainan spotted-brown chicken ancestral female parent and the Sanhuang chicken ancestral male parent to produce a Sanhuang chicken maternal parent and parent with medium shin and medium growth speed;
s2, selfing the yellow shin produced in the step S1 and the three-yellow chicken female parent generation with medium growth speed, and selecting a second yellow shin three-yellow chicken female parent generation with high growth speed;
s3, selecting Huainan yellow chicken with green shin, ephedra feather and high growth speed as male parent and female parent, and hybridizing with the yellow shin and the three yellow chicken with high growth speed produced in the step S2 and the second parent and female parent to obtain the commercial chicken.
In some embodiments, the Huainan yellow chicken in the ancestral female parent and the paternal male parent is bred in at least 3 generations of non-near-parent self-reproduction by selecting individuals with proper body types, such as small heads, short strength, wide breasts, short shins, thin necks and full carcasses, the breeding conditions and the nutrition level of the ration in each generation are consistent, and the breeding conditions and the nutrition level of the ration comprise 11.99kJ/kg of the metabolic energy of the ration at 0-4 weeks, 21% of crude protein, 12.18kJ/kg of the metabolic energy of the ration at 4-11 weeks, 19% of crude protein, free food intake, drinking water and conventional immunity.
In some embodiments, the Huainan spotted-brown chickens in the ancestral female parent and the paternal parent are bred, and the shank length of the 300-day-old hens is selected according to the egg laying record and the growth speed: 9.4cm, body weight: 1.75 kg, egg weight 48g, selecting and reserving 300-day old cock shank length: 13.2cm, body weight: 2.05 kg, and the slaughtering rate and the complete smoothie rate of the cocks and the hens are respectively 88.8 percent and 67.9 percent.
In some embodiments, the adult three yellow chicken rooster of 22 weeks of age is selected for weight when breeding three yellow chickens in the female parent second parental generation: 1800g, hen weight: 1400 g; the day age of onset: 150 days old, weight in initial delivery: 1200g, egg weight: 46g, and the slaughter rate, the full bore rate, the leg muscle rate and the chest muscle rate are respectively 88.8%, 68.2%, 25.8% and 19.8%.
Example 3
As shown in fig. 1, a breeding and culturing method of chinese ephedra chicken in Huainan provided by an embodiment of the invention includes the following steps:
s1, selecting a Huainan spotted-brown chicken with green shin, recessive and medium growth speed as a ancestral female parent, selecting a Sanhuang chicken with red crown, short and thin shin and moderate body slant length as an ancestral male parent, and carrying out pairing hybridization on the Huainan spotted-brown chicken ancestral female parent and the Sanhuang chicken ancestral male parent to produce a Sanhuang chicken maternal parent and parent with medium shin and medium growth speed;
s2, selfing the yellow shin produced in the step S1 and the three-yellow chicken female parent generation with medium growth speed, and selecting a second yellow shin three-yellow chicken female parent generation with high growth speed;
s3, selecting Huainan yellow chicken with green shin, ephedra feather and high growth speed as male parent and female parent, and hybridizing with the yellow shin and the three yellow chicken with high growth speed produced in the step S2 and the second parent and female parent to obtain the commercial chicken.
In some embodiments, the Huainan yellow chicken in the ancestral female parent and the paternal male parent is bred in at least 3 generations of non-near-parent self-reproduction by selecting individuals with proper body types, such as small heads, short strength, wide breasts, short shins, thin necks and full carcasses, the breeding conditions and the nutrition level of the ration in each generation are consistent, and the breeding conditions and the nutrition level of the ration comprise 11.99kJ/kg of the metabolic energy of the ration at 0-4 weeks, 21% of crude protein, 12.18kJ/kg of the metabolic energy of the ration at 4-11 weeks, 19% of crude protein, free food intake, drinking water and conventional immunity.
In some embodiments, the Huainan spotted-brown chickens in the ancestral female parent and the paternal parent are bred, and the shank length of the 300-day-old hens is selected according to the egg laying record and the growth speed: 9.3cm, body weight: 1.70 kg, egg weight 46g, selecting and reserving 300-day-old cock shank length: 13.1cm, body weight: 2.0 kg, and the slaughtering rate and the complete smoothie rate of the cocks and the hens are 89% and 67.6% respectively.
In some embodiments, the adult three yellow chicken rooster of 22 weeks of age is selected for weight when breeding three yellow chickens in the female parent second parental generation: 1700g, hen weight: 1350 g; the day age of onset: 140 days old, weight in birth: 1180g, egg weight: 44g, dressing percentage, total bore ratio, leg muscle ratio and chest muscle ratio are 89%, 69%, 25.9% and 20% respectively.
Example 4
As shown in fig. 1, a breeding and culturing method of chinese ephedra chicken in Huainan provided by an embodiment of the invention includes the following steps:
s1, selecting a Huainan spotted-brown chicken with green shin, recessive and medium growth speed as a ancestral female parent, selecting a Sanhuang chicken with red crown, short and thin shin and moderate body slant length as an ancestral male parent, and carrying out pairing hybridization on the Huainan spotted-brown chicken ancestral female parent and the Sanhuang chicken ancestral male parent to produce a Sanhuang chicken maternal parent and parent with medium shin and medium growth speed;
s2, selfing the yellow shin produced in the step S1 and the three-yellow chicken female parent generation with medium growth speed, and selecting a second yellow shin three-yellow chicken female parent generation with high growth speed;
s3, selecting Huainan yellow chicken with green shin, ephedra feather and high growth speed as male parent and female parent, and hybridizing with the yellow shin and the three yellow chicken with high growth speed produced in the step S2 and the second parent and female parent to obtain the commercial chicken.
In some embodiments, the Huainan yellow chicken in the ancestral female parent and the paternal male parent is bred in at least 3 generations of non-near-parent self-reproduction by selecting individuals with proper body types, such as small heads, short strength, wide breasts, short shins, thin necks and full carcasses, the breeding conditions and the nutrition level of the ration in each generation are consistent, and the breeding conditions and the nutrition level of the ration comprise 11.99kJ/kg of the metabolic energy of the ration at 0-4 weeks, 21% of crude protein, 12.18kJ/kg of the metabolic energy of the ration at 4-11 weeks, 19% of crude protein, free food intake, drinking water and conventional immunity.
In some embodiments, the Huainan spotted-brown chickens in the ancestral female parent and the paternal parent are bred, and the shank length of the 300-day-old hens is selected according to the egg laying record and the growth speed: 9.3cm, body weight: 1.72 kg, egg weight 47g, selecting and reserving 300-day-old cock shank length: 13.2cm, body weight: 2.03 kg, and the slaughtering rate and the complete smoothie rate of the cocks and the hens are 89.2 percent and 67.3 percent respectively.
In some embodiments, the adult three yellow chicken rooster of 22 weeks of age is selected for weight when breeding three yellow chickens in the female parent second parental generation: 1750g, hen weight: 1380 g; the day age of onset: 145 days old, weight in initial delivery: 1180g, egg weight: 45g, and the dressing percentage, the total bore percentage, the leg muscle percentage and the chest muscle percentage are 89.5%, 69.2%, 26.1% and 20.5% respectively.
FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of the slaughter performance comparison between commercial chickens obtained in examples 1 to 4 at 8 weeks and 0 generation Huainan yellow chickens at 8 weeks;
as can be seen from fig. 1, the body weight of commercial chickens 8 weeks old obtained in examples 1-4 is significantly higher than that of 0 generation Huainan yellow chicken 8 weeks old, and the slaughter rate, the complete evisceration rate, the leg muscle rate and the breast muscle rate are effectively improved.
Finally, it should be noted that: although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that changes may be made in the embodiments and/or equivalents thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A breeding and culturing method of Huainan spotted-brown chickens is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting a Huainan spotted-brown chicken with green shin, recessive and medium growth speed as a ancestral female parent, selecting a Sanhuang chicken with red crown, short and thin shin and moderate body slant length as an ancestral male parent, and carrying out pairing hybridization on the Huainan spotted-brown chicken ancestral female parent and the Sanhuang chicken ancestral male parent to produce a Sanhuang chicken maternal parent and parent with medium shin and medium growth speed;
s2, selfing the yellow shin produced in the step S1 and the three-yellow chicken female parent generation with medium growth speed, and selecting a second yellow shin three-yellow chicken female parent generation with high growth speed;
s3, selecting Huainan yellow chicken with green shin, ephedra feather and high growth speed as male parent and female parent, and hybridizing with the yellow shin and the three yellow chicken with high growth speed produced in the step S2 and the second parent and female parent to obtain the commercial chicken.
2. A breeding and culturing method of Huainan spotted-brown chickens according to claim 1, characterized in that: the Huai nan Ma yellow chicken in the ancestral female parent and the paternal male parent is bred by selecting individuals with small heads, short strength, wide chest, short shins, thin necks and full carcasses and proper body types for at least 3 generations of non-near-close self-reproduction, the feeding conditions and the nutrition level of the ration in each generation are consistent, and the breeding conditions and the nutrition level of the ration comprise 11.99kJ/kg of the metabolism energy of the ration at 0-4 weeks, 21% of crude protein, 12.18kJ/kg of the metabolism energy of the ration at 4-11 weeks, 19% of the crude protein, free food intake, drinking water and conventional immunity.
3. A breeding and culturing method of Huainan spotted-brown chickens according to claim 1, characterized in that: when Huainan spotted-brown chickens in the ancestral female parent and the paternal parent are bred, the shank length of 300-day-old hens is selected and reserved according to the egg laying record and the growth speed: 9.2-9.4 cm, weight: 1.65-1.75 kg, egg weight 44-48 g, selecting and reserving 300-day-old cock shank length: 13.0-13.2 cm, weight: 1.95-2.05 kg, and the slaughtering rate and the complete smoothie rate of the cocks and the hens reach more than 88% and 66% respectively.
4. A breeding and culturing method of Huainan spotted-brown chickens according to claim 1, characterized in that: when breeding the three yellow chickens in the second parental generation of the female parent, selecting the weight of the adult three yellow chickens of 22 weeks old: 1600-1800 g, hen weight: 1250-1400 g; the day age of onset: 130-150 days old, weight of birth: 1150-1200 g, egg weight: 42-46 g, and the slaughter rate, the total thorax rate, the leg muscle rate and the pectoral muscle rate respectively reach 88%, 67%, 25% and more than 19%.
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