CN109526872B - Breeding method of new variety of meat and milk sheep - Google Patents
Breeding method of new variety of meat and milk sheep Download PDFInfo
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- A01K67/027—New or modified breeds of vertebrates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
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Abstract
The invention provides a breeding method of a new species of a milk and meat compatible sheep, belonging to the technical field of animal breeding. According to the method, a new species of the sheep for both milk and meat is obtained by taking Dongfrui sheep as an original male parent and taking Hu sheep as an original female parent and sequentially carrying out binary hybridization, progressive hybridization, cross-hybridization fixation and breeding improvement. The new species of the sheep for both milk and meat obtained by the method not only has the advantages of strong adaptability of Hu sheep, good maternal property and high lambing rate; also has the advantages of large physique, high milk yield and good breast structure of Dongfeli sheep. In addition, the new breed of the meat and milk dual-purpose sheep obtained by the method has strong stress resistance, good milk production performance, excellent milk quality, high reproduction rate and good meat production performance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of animal breeding, and particularly relates to a method for breeding a new variety of a dairy and meat sheep.
Background
The goat milk is a name of king in milk, the content of vitamins and trace elements is obviously higher than that of the milk, and the volume of fat particles is one third of that of the milk, so that the goat milk is more beneficial to absorption by a human body. The sheep milk does not cause the fatness after being drunk for a long time. In Europe, fresh goat milk is sold at a price 7 times higher than cow milk. Therefore, goat milk has become a good nutrition for consumers, especially people suffering from allergy, gastrointestinal diseases, bronchitis or physical weakness, and infants.
Currently, the global goat milk yield is about 2000 million tons, and the worldwide goat milk yield keeps about 2% of the increase every year. The annual output of Chinese goat milk is about 175 ten thousand tons, and the annual amplitude is increased by more than 10 percent. In recent years, goat milk consumption in China shows a tendency of explosive development, and particularly, goat milk becomes a new favorite in the dairy product market under the situation that cow milk meets the trust crisis, and is increased by more than 30% every year. The market scale of the sheep milk powder in 2014 is only 35 million yuan. By 2016, the market size of infant formula goat milk powder alone exceeds 50 billion yuan. The infant formula goat milk powder is expected to have a market scale of over 100 billion yuan in 2020. Therefore, the speed of the goat milk yield increase in China is far lower than the demand of consumption increase, and the contradiction between supply and demand is obvious. In addition, at the present stage, the average Chinese population consumes less than 1kg of goat milk, while the average European and American countries consume 30kg of goat milk. Therefore, the goat milk market in China has a large demand space.
Chinese goat milk is mainly produced from milk goats, such as Guanzhong milk goats and Saanen milk goats. However, the breed of the dual-purpose sheep for milk and meat which is cultivated locally in China and mainly produces milk is still blank, so that the cultivation of the new breed of the dual-purpose sheep for milk and meat with independent intellectual property rights is not only the demand of the development of sheep industry in China, but also the urgent demand of the market of milk products in China.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the problems in the background art, the invention aims to provide a method for breeding a new variety of sheep with dual purposes of milk and meat, which fills the blank of the variety of sheep with dual purposes of milk and meat in China.
The invention provides a method for breeding a new variety of a sheep for both milk and meat.
Preferably, the progressive hybridization takes Dongfrui sheep as a male parent and takes a hybrid sheep as a female parent.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the cultivation method comprises the following steps:
(1) carrying out binary hybridization by taking Dongfrui sheep as an original male parent and Hu sheep as an original female parent to produce F1 generation hybrid sheep;
(2) carrying out progressive hybridization by taking Dongfrui sheep as a male parent and F1 generation hybrid sheep as a female parent to produce F2 generation hybrid sheep;
(3) and (3) fixing the crossbreeding of the male sheep and the female sheep in the F2 generation hybrid sheep, and then carrying out breeding improvement according to the breeding standard of the new variety to obtain the new variety of the sheep with dual purposes of milk and meat.
In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the cultivation method comprises the following steps:
carrying out binary hybridization by taking a Dongfrui sheep as an original male parent and a Hu sheep as an original female parent to produce an F1 generation hybrid sheep;
using Dongfrui sheep as male parent and F1 generation hybrid sheep as female parent, and carrying out progressive hybridization to produce F2 generation hybrid sheep;
thirdly, taking Dongfrui sheep as a male parent and F2 generation hybrid sheep as a female parent, and carrying out progressive hybridization to produce F3 generation hybrid sheep;
and fourthly, fixing the crossbreeding of the male sheep and the female sheep in the F3 generation hybrid sheep, and then carrying out breeding improvement according to the breeding standard of new varieties to obtain new varieties of the sheep for both milk and meat.
In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the cultivation method comprises the following steps:
i, performing binary hybridization by taking Dongfrui sheep as an original male parent and Hu sheep as an original female parent to produce F1 generation hybrid sheep;
II, carrying out progressive hybridization by taking Dongfrui sheep as a male parent and F1 generation hybrid sheep as a female parent to produce F2 generation hybrid sheep;
III, carrying out progressive hybridization by taking Dongfrui sheep as a male parent and F2 generation hybrid sheep as a female parent to produce F3 generation hybrid sheep;
and IV, fixing the crossbreeding of the ram in the F3 generation hybrid sheep and the ewe in the F2 generation hybrid sheep, or fixing the crossbreeding of the ram in the F2 generation hybrid sheep and the ewe in the F3 generation hybrid sheep, and then breeding and improving according to the breeding standard of a new variety to obtain a new variety of the sheep for both milk and meat.
Preferably, the selection criteria for step IV crossbred stationary rams include: the weight of the newborn is more than or equal to 3.5kg, the weight of the weaning is more than or equal to 30.0kg, the weight of the 6-month-old is more than or equal to 60kg, and the weight of the adult is more than or equal to 90 kg.
Preferably, the selection criteria for step IV crossbreeding ewes for fixation include: the lambing rate is more than or equal to 230 percent, the annual lactation period is more than or equal to 260 days, the average daily milk yield in the milk production period is more than or equal to 2.75kg, the milk fat rate is more than or equal to 4.8 percent, the birth weight is more than or equal to 3.2kg, the weaning weight is more than or equal to 28.0kg, the 6-month-old weight is more than or equal to 55kg, and the adult weight is more than or equal to 65 kg.
Preferably, when the F1 generation hybrid sheep is used as the female parent of the grade-high hybrid, the selection criteria of the female parent comprise: the weight of the newborn is more than or equal to 3.2kg, the weight of the weaning is more than or equal to 24.0kg, the weight of the 6-month-old is more than or equal to 45kg, and the weight of the adult is more than or equal to 55 kg.
Preferably, when the F2 generation hybrid sheep is used as the female parent of the grade-high hybrid, the selection criteria of the female parent comprise: the weight of the newborn is more than or equal to 3.2kg, the weight of the weaning is more than or equal to 26.0kg, the weight of the 6-month-old is more than or equal to 50kg, and the weight of the adult is more than or equal to 60 kg.
Preferably, the selection criteria of the original male parent include: the weight of the whole year is more than or equal to 50kg, and the weight of the adult is more than or equal to 90 kg; the selection criteria of the original female parent include: the weight of weaning is more than or equal to 20kg, the weight of the whole year is more than or equal to 45kg, and the lambing rate is more than or equal to 260%.
Has the advantages that: the invention provides a method for breeding a new variety of a sheep for both milk and meat. The new species of the sheep for both milk and meat obtained by the method not only has the advantages of strong adaptability of Hu sheep, good maternal property and high lambing rate; also has the advantages of large physique, high milk yield and good breast structure of Dongfeli sheep.
The method provided by the invention can effectively fill the blank of the new variety of the meat and milk dual-purpose sheep which is independently cultivated in China, and the new variety of the sheep cultivated by the method has four characteristics: 1, the stress resistance is strong, the coarse feeding is resistant, and the natural ecological conditions of most areas in China are adapted; 2, the milk production performance is good, the lactation period is long, the milk production is high, and the milk quality is excellent; 3, the reproduction rate is high, and the lambing rate is over 230 percent; 4, the meat production performance is good, the slaughter rate of the ram at the age of 6 months is more than 54 percent, and the net meat rate is as high as more than 85 percent.
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FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the method of example 1 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a method for breeding a new variety of a sheep for both milk and meat.
The breeding method of the new breed of the milk meat compatible sheep takes Dongfrui sheep as an original male parent. The Dongfrui sheep (east eastfriean sheep) is originally produced in the northeast of Germany and is the sheep breed with the best milk production performance in the world at present. The variety is large in physique, good in body structure and fast in growth and development, and the weight of an adult ram is 90-120 kg, and the weight of an adult ewe is 70-90 kg. The quilt is white and is occasionally provided with pure black individuals; the male sheep and the female sheep have no horn, wide and long body, firm waist, round rib arch, slightly inclined hip and thin and long tail without hair. The female lambs reach the initial stage at 4 months of age, the duration of the estrus season is about 5 months, and the lambing rate is 200-230%. The breast structure is excellent and broad, the lactation period of an adult ewe is 260-300 days, the milk yield is 500-810 kg, and the milk fat rate is 6-6.5%. The sexual condition is mild, the physique is large, the lambing rate is high, the lactation period is long, the milk yield is large, the breast structure is good, and the fixed milking system is suitable for. The hybrid mutton sheep have the most outstanding advantages of Dongfrui sheep, so that the variety is introduced into partial areas of China in recent years, and the hybrid mutton sheep improvement work is mainly carried out by utilizing the characteristics of high lambing rate and large physique; the male parent of the new breed of the dairy sheep is cultivated by utilizing the characteristics of high milk yield and good breast structure. In the present invention, the selection criteria of the original male parent preferably include: the weight of the adult is more than or equal to 50kg in the year of the year and more than or equal to 90kg in the adult. The selection criteria of the original male parent preferably further comprise: large body, wide and long trunk, firm waist, round rib arch, good body structure, long head, white hair, thin and long tail without hair, large nipple, and good breast development.
The breeding method of the new breed of the milk meat compatible sheep takes the Hu sheep as an original female parent. The Hu sheep is an excellent local sheep variety in China, originally produced in the Taihu river basin, pure white whole body fur, medium physique, firm physique, long and narrow head, clear and elegant appearance, no corners, raised nose bridge, large and drooping ears, long and thin neck, long trunk, narrow chest, straight back and waist, slight and drooping abdomen, oblate tail, upwarping tail tip and thin and high limbs. The early growth and development of Hu sheep are fast, the weight of 6-month-old lambs can reach 70% of that of adult sheep, the weight of adult rams is more than 65kg, and the weight of adult ewes is more than 50 kg; sexual maturity is 4-5 months old, the age of the initial mating is 6-8 months old, and the yearly lambing rate of the multiparous ewes is over 255%. The Hu sheep has strong stress resistance, good adaptability, coarse feeding resistance, developed ewe breasts, 4 months of lactation period and large lactation amount. The Hu sheep has the outstanding advantages of good female sex, early sexual maturity, perennial estrus, high lambing rate and high lamb survival rate, so that Hu sheep are used as female parents for economic hybridization production of mutton sheep in most areas of China at present, and the Hu sheep plays a role of a roof beam column particularly in poverty relief in the countryside Kyoho industry. In the present invention, the selection criteria of the original female parent preferably include: the weight of weaning is more than or equal to 20kg, the weight of the whole year is more than or equal to 45kg, and the lambing rate is more than or equal to 260%; the selection criteria of the original female parent preferably further comprise: long and narrow head, raised nose bridge, large and drooping ears, no angle, long and thin neck, white quilt, medium physique, firm constitution, flat back and straight waist, flat and round tail, and upwarping tail tip. The feed is resistant to coarse feeding, strong in stress resistance, precocity, rapid growth and development of lambs, good in breast structure and large in lactation amount.
The invention takes the sheep Dongfrui sheep with the highest milk yield in the world as a male parent and takes the local sheep variety Hu sheep with excellent China as a female parent, and the new breed of the sheep for both milk and meat is obtained by sequentially carrying out binary hybridization, progressive hybridization, cross-crossing fixation and breeding improvement. In the invention, the progressive hybridization preferably takes Dongfrui sheep as a male parent and takes a hybrid sheep as a female parent. The hybrid sheep as female parent is picked according to the main selection character. The preferred traits include body weight, breast architecture, lactation yield, and lambing rate. After progressive hybridization, the invention carries out cross-crossing fixation on male and female sheep with ideal lambing rate, milk yield and weight in 2 or 3 generations of hybridization, introduces the properties of large physique, high milk yield, good breast structure and the like of Dongfeli sheep while keeping the advantages of strong adaptability, good maternal property and high lambing rate of Hu sheep, and cultivates a new breed of the milk and meat dual-purpose sheep with high milk yield, good milk quality, good meat yield and high lambing rate.
The invention also provides three preferable breeding methods based on the breeding method of the new breed of the milk meat and sheep.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the cultivation method comprises the following steps:
(1) carrying out binary hybridization by taking Dongfrui sheep as an original male parent and Hu sheep as an original female parent to produce F1 generation hybrid sheep;
(2) carrying out progressive hybridization by taking Dongfrui sheep as a male parent and F1 generation hybrid sheep as a female parent to produce F2 generation hybrid sheep;
(3) and (3) fixing the crossbreeding of the male sheep and the female sheep in the F2 generation hybrid sheep, and then carrying out breeding improvement according to the breeding standard of the new variety to obtain the new variety of the sheep with dual purposes of milk and meat.
The invention takes Dongfrui sheep as an original male parent and Hu sheep as an original female parent to produce F1 generation hybrid sheep by binary hybridization. In the present invention, the selection criteria for the original male and female parents are as described above.
After the F1 generation hybrid sheep are obtained, the invention takes Dongfrui sheep as a male parent and F1 generation hybrid sheep as a female parent to carry out progressive hybridization to produce F2 generation hybrid sheep. In the present invention, when the hybrid sheep of the F1 generation is used as the female parent of the progressive hybrid, the selection criteria of the female parent preferably include: the weight of the newborn is more than or equal to 3.2kg, the weight of the weaning is more than or equal to 24.0kg, the weight of the 6-month-old is more than or equal to 45kg, and the weight of the adult is more than or equal to 55 kg. The selection criteria of the female parent preferably further comprise: the feed is resistant to coarse feeding, the stress resistance is strong, and the growth and development are fast; big physique, white quilt hair, prominent and full chest, long and straight back and waist, and thin and long tail; premature, good breast development, large volume, wide base, good attachment, wide nipple space, moderate position and size, and large amount of lactation.
After the F2 generation hybrid sheep are obtained, the crossbreeding of the ram and the ewe in the F2 generation hybrid sheep is fixed. The method for fixing the cross-cut is not particularly limited in the present invention, and any conventional method for fixing the cross-cut in the art may be used.
After the crossbreeding is fixed, the breeding is improved according to the breeding standard of the new variety, and the new variety of the sheep for both milk and meat is obtained. In the present invention, the new variety breeding criteria preferably include: the annual lactation period of the adult ewe is more than or equal to 260 days, the average daily milk yield in the milk production period is more than or equal to 2.75kg, and the milk fat rate is more than or equal to 4.8%; the weight and the slaughtering rate of 6-month-old ewes and rams are respectively not less than 50kg, 60kg, 52 percent and 54 percent; the weight and the dressing percentage of the adult ewes and rams are respectively not less than 65kg, 90kg, 53 percent and 55 percent. Male and female sheep are sexually mature at 6-7 months of age, the female sheep are 8-10 months of age at the beginning, and the lambing rate of the multiparous female sheep is more than or equal to 230 percent. More preferably, the new variety breeding standard further comprises: pure white quilt hair, firm constitution, uniform structure, wide and long body, open ribs, prominent and full forebreast, long and straight back and waist, thin and long tail without hair; the limbs are firm, the limbs are strong and regular, and the hoof is firm. The space between the hind limb flying nodes of the ewe is wide, and larger breasts can be accommodated; the breast is developed well, the volume is large, the base is wide and attached well, one end of the nipple extends forwards, the base protrudes backwards, the two-leaf breast areas are balanced and symmetrical, the skin of the breast is thin and elastic, the space between the nipples is wide, the position is moderate, the milk vein is thick and bent, the milk well is obvious, and the milk discharging speed is high. The specific breeding improvement method is not particularly limited, and the conventional breeding improvement method in the field can be used. The specific parent and female parent culture method is not particularly limited in the invention, and the conventional culture method in the field can be adopted.
In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the cultivation method comprises the following steps:
carrying out binary hybridization by taking a Dongfrui sheep as an original male parent and a Hu sheep as an original female parent to produce an F1 generation hybrid sheep;
using Dongfrui sheep as male parent and F1 generation hybrid sheep as female parent, and carrying out progressive hybridization to produce F2 generation hybrid sheep;
thirdly, taking Dongfrui sheep as a male parent and F2 generation hybrid sheep as a female parent, and carrying out progressive hybridization to produce F3 generation hybrid sheep;
and fourthly, fixing the crossbreeding of the male sheep and the female sheep in the F3 generation hybrid sheep, and then carrying out breeding improvement according to the breeding standard of new varieties to obtain new varieties of the sheep for both milk and meat.
The invention takes Dongfrui sheep as an original male parent and Hu sheep as an original female parent to produce F1 generation hybrid sheep by binary hybridization. After the F1 generation hybrid sheep are obtained, the invention takes Dongfrui sheep as a male parent and F1 generation hybrid sheep as a female parent to carry out progressive hybridization to produce F2 generation hybrid sheep. In the present invention, the selection criteria of the original male parent, the original female parent and the F1 generation hybrid sheep as the progressive hybrid female parent are as described above.
After the F2 generation hybrid sheep are obtained, the invention takes Dongfrui sheep as a male parent and F2 generation hybrid sheep as a female parent to carry out progressive hybridization to produce F3 generation hybrid sheep. In the present invention, when the hybrid sheep of the F2 generation is used as the female parent of the progressive hybrid, the selection criteria of the female parent preferably include: the weight of the newborn is more than or equal to 3.2kg, the weight of the weaning is more than or equal to 26.0kg, the weight of the 6-month-old is more than or equal to 50kg, and the weight of the adult is more than or equal to 60 kg. The selection standard of the female parent preferably also comprises coarse feeding resistance, strong stress resistance and fast growth and development; big physique, white quilt hair, prominent and full chest, long and straight back and waist, and thin and long tail; premature, protruding breast structure, large volume, wide base, good attachment, wide nipple space, moderate position, large milk secretion amount and high milk discharge speed.
After the F3 generation hybrid sheep are obtained, the crossbreeding of the ram and the ewe in the F3 generation hybrid sheep is fixed. The method for fixing the cross-cut is not particularly limited in the present invention, and any conventional method for fixing the cross-cut in the art may be used.
After the crossbreeding is fixed, the breeding is improved according to the breeding standard of the new variety, and the new variety of the sheep for both milk and meat is obtained. In the present invention, the breeding criteria of the new variety are as described above. The specific breeding improvement method is not particularly limited, and the conventional breeding improvement method in the field can be used. The specific parent and female parent culture method is not particularly limited in the invention, and the conventional culture method in the field can be adopted.
In another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the cultivation method comprises the following steps:
i, performing binary hybridization by taking Dongfrui sheep as an original male parent and Hu sheep as an original female parent to produce F1 generation hybrid sheep;
II, carrying out progressive hybridization by taking Dongfrui sheep as a male parent and F1 generation hybrid sheep as a female parent to produce F2 generation hybrid sheep;
III, carrying out progressive hybridization by taking Dongfrui sheep as a male parent and F2 generation hybrid sheep as a female parent to produce F3 generation hybrid sheep;
and IV, fixing the crossbreeding of the ram in the F3 generation hybrid sheep and the ewe in the F2 generation hybrid sheep, or fixing the crossbreeding of the ram in the F2 generation hybrid sheep and the ewe in the F3 generation hybrid sheep, and then breeding and improving according to the breeding standard of a new variety to obtain a new variety of the sheep for both milk and meat.
The invention takes Dongfrui sheep as an original male parent and Hu sheep as an original female parent to produce F1 generation hybrid sheep by binary hybridization. After the F1 generation hybrid sheep are obtained, the invention takes Dongfrui sheep as a male parent and F1 generation hybrid sheep as a female parent to carry out progressive hybridization to produce F2 generation hybrid sheep. After the F2 generation hybrid sheep are obtained, the invention takes Dongfrui sheep as a male parent and F2 generation hybrid sheep as a female parent to carry out progressive hybridization to produce F3 generation hybrid sheep. In the present invention, the selection criteria of the original male parent, the original female parent, the F1 generation hybrid sheep as the progressive hybrid female parent and the F2 generation hybrid sheep as the progressive hybrid female parent are as described above.
After obtaining F3 generation hybrid sheep, the invention proceeds step IV: and (3) fixing the crossbreeding of the ram in the F3 generation hybrid sheep and the ewe in the F2 generation hybrid sheep, or fixing the crossbreeding of the ram in the F2 generation hybrid sheep and the ewe in the F3 generation hybrid sheep. In the present invention, the selection criteria for the step IV crossbred permanent ram preferably include: the weight of the newborn is more than or equal to 3.5kg, the weight of the weaning is more than or equal to 30.0kg, the weight of the 6-month-old is more than or equal to 60kg, and the weight of the adult is more than or equal to 90 kg. The selection criteria for step IV crossband permanent rams preferably further comprises: pure white quilt hair, strong constitution, symmetrical structure, wide and long trunk, wide front chest, round rib arch, good hip development, thin and long tail without hair, obvious male characteristics, large testis, bilateral symmetry, large nipple, good attachment, strong limbs, correct limb posture, tough hoof and flat and straight hoof bottom. The feed is resistant to coarse feeding, strong in stress resistance and fast in growth and development. The selection criteria for step IV crossbreeding ewes for fixation preferably include: the lambing rate is more than or equal to 230 percent, the annual lactation period is more than or equal to 260 days, the average daily milk yield in the milk production period is more than or equal to 2.75kg, the milk fat rate is more than or equal to 4.8 percent, the birth weight is more than or equal to 3.2kg, the weaning weight is more than or equal to 28.0kg, the 6-month-old weight is more than or equal to 55kg, and the adult weight is more than or equal to 65 kg. The selection criteria for step IV crossbreeding the ewes for fixation preferably further comprise: pure white quilt hair, firm constitution, symmetrical structure, wide and long body, open ribs, prominent and full forebreast, long and straight back and waist, and thin and long tail; precocity and good mother character; the breast has good growth, large volume, wide base, good adhesion, and forward extension and backward projection. The two-leaf breast area is balanced and symmetrical, the breast skin is thin and elastic, the nipple space is wide, the position size is moderate, the breast vein is thick and bent, the breast well is obvious, and the milk discharge speed is high; the limbs are firm, the limb potential is correct, the space between hind limb and the fly joint is wide, the hoof shape is correct, and the hoof is solid. The feed is resistant to coarse feeding, strong in stress resistance and fast in growth and development. The method for fixing the cross-cut is not particularly limited in the present invention, and any conventional method for fixing the cross-cut in the art may be used.
After the crossbreeding is fixed, the breeding is improved according to the breeding standard of the new variety, and the new variety of the sheep for both milk and meat is obtained. In the present invention, the breeding criteria of the new variety are as described above. The specific breeding improvement method is not particularly limited, and the conventional breeding improvement method in the field can be used. The specific parent and female parent culture method is not particularly limited in the invention, and the conventional culture method in the field can be adopted.
In the invention, the new variety breeding method mainly adopts phenotype breeding, and selects a matching ram and a matching scheme according to the production performance and descendant determination results. In the process of new variety hybridization breeding and cross-crossing fixation, the invention preferably adopts an artificial insemination method to carry out individual matching on the ewes, and selects rams capable of improving the quality of the ewes to carry out accurate matching so as to improve the breeding intensity and speed. After a new variety of the meat and milk sheep is obtained, the invention preferably carries out rapid propagation and popularization on the new variety. In the invention, the propagation preferably adopts a method of combining artificial insemination and interbreeding, and simultaneously adopts a method of embryo transplantation and lambing by means of abdomen (Hu sheep, small tailed Han sheep and other sheep ewes with larger local stock are used as receptor sheep, fresh embryos of new varieties are transplanted into the body of the receptor sheep, lambing by means of abdomen), so that the propagation speed is increased, the generation interval is shortened, and the breeding process is promoted.
The invention provides a breeding method of the new breed of the meat and milk dual-purpose sheep. The new variety cultivated according to the method has the advantages of strong stress resistance, good milk production performance, excellent milk quality, high reproduction rate, good meat production performance and the like. The specific performance indexes of the new variety are as follows:
(A) phenotypic characteristics
The new intramammary compatible sheep variety bred by the method is pure white in fur, firm in physique, uniform in structure, wide and long in body, open in ribs, prominent and plump in chest, long and straight in back and waist, and thin and long in tail without fur; the limbs are firm, the limbs are strong and regular, the hoof is firm and the shape of the hoof is regular. The space between the hind limb flying nodes of the ewe is wide, and larger breasts can be accommodated; the breast is developed well, the volume is large, the base is wide and attached well, one end of the nipple extends forwards, the base protrudes backwards, the two-leaf breast areas are balanced and symmetrical, the skin of the breast is thin and elastic, the space between the nipples is wide, the position is moderate, the milk vein is thick and bent, the milk well is obvious, and the milk discharging speed is high.
(B) Milk production performance
The new breed of intramammary compatible sheep bred by the method has the advantages that the annual lactation period of the adult ewes is more than 260 days, the average daily milk yield in the milk production period is more than 2.75kg, and the milk fat rate is more than 4.8%.
(C) Meat production performance
The weight and the slaughtering rate of the 6-month-old ewe and the ram of the new intra-mammary compatible sheep bred by the method are respectively not lower than 50kg, 60kg, 52 percent and 54 percent; the weight and the dressing percentage of the adult ewes and rams are respectively not less than 65kg, 90kg, 53 percent and 55 percent.
(D) Reproductive performance
The new intramammary compatible sheep bred by the method disclosed by the invention are mature at 6-7 months of age, the initial mating age of the ewe is 8-10 months of age, and the lambing rate of the multiparous ewe is over 230%.
The method for breeding a new breed of meat and milk sheep according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the following examples, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
The experimental site: yongchang county of Gansu province
And (3) an experimental stage:
1, establishing a breeding basic group
And (3) carrying out production performance determination on the introduced Dongfrui rams and locally-fed Hu sheep, carrying out genetic evaluation by combining pedigree archive data, selecting excellent Dongfrui rams and Hu sheep ewes, and establishing a breeding basic group. Wherein, the male and female proportion is 1: 40. the selection criteria for the basic group middle east fries were: large body, wide and long trunk, firm waist, round rib arch, good body structure, long head, white hair, thin and long tail without hair, large nipple, and good breast development. The weight of the adult is more than 50kg in the year of the old and more than 90kg in the adult; the selection criteria for the Hu sheep were: long and narrow head, raised nose bridge, large and drooping ears, no angle, long and thin neck, white quilt, medium physique, firm constitution, flat back and straight waist, flat and round tail, and upwarping tail tip. The lamb creep feed has the advantages of coarse feeding resistance, strong stress resistance, precocity, rapid growth and development of lambs, weaning weight of more than 20kg, yearly age weight of more than 45kg, lambing rate of more than 260%, good breast structure and high lactation yield.
2, hybridization and seed selection
(1) In the breeding basic group, Dongfrui sheep are used as male parent and Hu sheep are used as female parent to carry out binary hybridization to produce Donghu F1 generation sheep. The production performance of ewes is evaluated, rams capable of improving or improving the quality of ewes are selected, and an artificial insemination method is adopted to carry out individual accurate matching on the ewes so as to improve the breeding intensity and speed. The blood of male parent Dongfrui sheep and female parent lake in Donghu F1 generation sheep account for half of each;
(2) and (3) selecting excellent ewes in the F1 generation as female parents and Dongfrui ewes in the basic group as male parents, and performing progressive hybridization to produce Donghu F2 generation hybrid sheep. Wherein, the selection standard of selecting excellent ewes of Donghu F1 generation for progressive hybridization is coarse feeding resistance, strong stress resistance, fast growth and development, the birth weight is more than 3.2kg, the weaning weight is more than 24.0kg, the weight of 6 months old is more than 45kg, and the adult sheep is more than 55 kg. Big physique, white quilt hair, prominent and full chest, long and straight back and waist, and thin and long tail; premature, good breast development, large volume, wide base, good attachment, wide nipple space, moderate position and size, and large amount of lactation. The blood of middle east Frili sheep of Donghu F2 generation hybrid sheep accounts for three-quarters, and the blood of Hu sheep accounts for one-quarter;
(3) and (3) selecting excellent ewes in the F2 generation as female parents and Dongfrui ewes in the basic group as male parents, and performing progressive hybridization to produce Donghu F3 generation hybrid sheep. The standard of selecting the Donghu F2 generation excellent ewe for the progressive hybridization is as follows: the feed has the advantages of coarse feeding resistance, strong stress resistance, fast growth and development, more than 3.2kg of birth weight, more than 26.0kg of weaning weight, more than 50kg of 6-month-old weight and more than 60kg of adult sheep. Big physique, white quilt hair, prominent and full chest, long and straight back and waist, and thin and long tail; premature, protruding breast structure, large volume, wide base, good attachment, wide nipple space, moderate position, large milk secretion amount and high milk discharge speed. The Donghu F3 generation hybrid sheep middle Dongfu Flori raw sheep blood accounts for seven eighths, and the Hu sheep blood accounts for one eighth;
3, improving the cross fixing and breeding
(1) Selecting ram and ewe with large individual, obvious meat body type, good breast structure and more siblings in Donghu F2 generation for transverse crossing fixation, and performing multi-generation breeding improvement by the method, and selecting sheep with large individual, good meat production performance, long lactation period, more milk production and higher lambing rate to construct a new variety core group and a breeding group;
(2) selecting rams and ewes with large individuals, obvious meat body types, good breast structures and more siblings in Donghu F3 generations to carry out cross-linking fixation, carrying out multi-generation breeding improvement, and selecting the rams with large individuals, good meat production performance, long lactation period, large milk yield and high lambing rate to construct a core group and a breeding group of new varieties;
(3) selecting excellent individuals (ram or ewe) in east lake F2 generation and excellent individuals (ewe or ram, opposite to the sex in F2 generation) in east lake F3 generation to carry out cross-crossing fixation, and carrying out multi-generation breeding improvement by the cross-crossing fixation, and selecting sheep with large individuals, good meat production performance, long lactation period, large milk yield and higher lambing rate to build a core group and a breeding group of new varieties;
the standard of the crossband fixed ram of the F2 generation and the F3 generation was selected as follows: pure white quilt hair, strong constitution, symmetrical structure, wide and long trunk, wide front chest, round rib arch, good hip development, thin and long tail without hair, obvious male characteristics, large testis, bilateral symmetry, large nipple, good attachment, strong limbs, correct limb posture, tough hoof and flat and straight hoof bottom. The feed has the advantages of coarse feeding resistance, strong stress resistance, fast growth and development, more than 3.5kg of birth weight, more than 30.0kg of weaning weight, more than 60kg of 6-month-old weight and more than 90kg of adult sheep.
The standard of the crossbreeding ewe for the F2 generation and the F3 generation was selected as follows: pure white quilt hair, firm constitution, symmetrical structure, wide and long body, open ribs, prominent and full forebreast, long and straight back and waist, and thin and long tail; precocity, good maternal quality, and a lambing rate of over 230%; the breast has good growth, large volume, wide base, good adhesion, and forward extension and backward projection. The two-leaf breast area is balanced and symmetrical, the breast skin is thin and elastic, the nipple space is wide, the position size is moderate, the milk vein is thick and bent, the milk well is obvious, the milk discharging speed is high, the annual lactation period is more than 260 days, the average daily milk yield in the milk production period is more than 2.75kg, and the milk fat rate is more than 4.8%. The limbs are firm, the limb potential is correct, the space between hind limb and the fly joint is wide, the hoof shape is correct, and the hoof is solid. The feed has the advantages of coarse feeding resistance, strong stress resistance, fast growth and development, more than 3.2kg of birth weight, more than 28.0kg of weaning weight, more than 55kg of 6-month-old weight and more than 65kg of adult sheep.
Example 2
Evaluation of appearance characteristics and production Performance of the novel variety bred in example 1
(A) Phenotypic characteristics:
the new intramammary compatible sheep breed bred by the method in the embodiment 1 is pure white in fur, firm in constitution, uniform in structure, wide and long in body trunk, open in ribs, prominent and plump in chest, long and straight in back and waist, and thin and long in tail without fur; the limbs are firm, the limbs are strong and regular, the hoof is firm and the shape of the hoof is regular. The space between the hind limb flying nodes of the ewe is wide, and larger breasts can be accommodated; the breast is developed well, the volume is large, the base is wide and attached well, one end of the nipple extends forwards, the base protrudes backwards, the two-leaf breast areas are balanced and symmetrical, the skin of the breast is thin and elastic, the space between the nipples is wide, the position is moderate, the milk vein is thick and bent, the milk well is obvious, and the milk discharging speed is high.
(B) Milk production performance
The new breed of intra-mammary compatible sheep bred by the method in the embodiment 1 has the advantages that the annual lactation period of the adult ewes is more than 260 days, the average daily milk yield in the milk production period is more than 2.75kg, and the milk fat rate is more than 4.8 percent.
(C) Meat production performance
The weight and the slaughtering rate of the 6-month-old ewe and the ram of the new intra-mammary compatible sheep breed obtained by the method in the embodiment 1 are respectively not less than 50kg, 60kg, 52 percent and 54 percent; the weight and the dressing percentage of the adult ewes and rams are respectively not less than 65kg, 90kg, 53 percent and 55 percent.
(D) Reproductive performance
The new intramammary compatible sheep bred by the method in the embodiment 1 are mature at 6-7 months of age, the initial mating age of the ewe is 8-10 months of age, and the lamb rate of the multiparous ewe is over 230 percent.
The above evaluation results show that: the new variety obtained by the method provided by the invention can maintain the advantages of strong adaptability, good maternal property and high lambing rate of the Hu sheep, introduces the characteristics of large physique, high milk yield, good breast structure and the like of the Dongfeli sheep, and has the advantages of strong stress resistance, good milk production performance, good milk quality, high reproduction rate, good meat production performance and the like.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A method for breeding a new variety of a sheep for both milk and meat is characterized in that a Dongfrui sheep is taken as an original male parent, a Hu sheep is taken as an original female parent, and the new variety of the sheep for both milk and meat is obtained by sequentially carrying out binary hybridization, progressive hybridization, cross-hybridization fixation and breeding improvement;
the method comprises the following steps:
i, performing binary hybridization by taking Dongfrui sheep as an original male parent and Hu sheep as an original female parent to produce F1 generation hybrid sheep;
II, carrying out progressive hybridization by taking Dongfrui sheep as a male parent and F1 generation hybrid sheep as a female parent to produce F2 generation hybrid sheep;
III, carrying out progressive hybridization by taking Dongfrui sheep as a male parent and F2 generation hybrid sheep as a female parent to produce F3 generation hybrid sheep;
IV, fixing the crossbreeding of the ram in the F3 generation hybrid sheep and the ewe in the F2 generation hybrid sheep, or fixing the crossbreeding of the ram in the F2 generation hybrid sheep and the ewe in the F3 generation hybrid sheep, and then breeding and improving according to the breeding standard of a new variety to obtain a new variety of the sheep for both milk and meat;
the selection criteria of the step IV crossband stationary ram include: the weight of the newborn is more than or equal to 3.5kg, the weight of the weaning is more than or equal to 30.0kg, the weight of the 6-month-old is more than or equal to 60kg, and the weight of the adult is more than or equal to 90 kg;
the selection criteria of the step IV crossbreeding stationary ewes include: the lambing rate is more than or equal to 230 percent, the annual lactation period is more than or equal to 260 days, the average daily milk yield in the milk production period is more than or equal to 2.75kg, the milk fat rate is more than or equal to 4.8 percent, the birth weight is more than or equal to 3.2kg, the weaning weight is more than or equal to 28.0kg, the 6-month-old weight is more than or equal to 55kg, and the adult weight is more than or equal to 65 kg.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein when the F1 generation hybrid sheep is used as female parent of grade hybrid, the selection criteria of female parent include: the weight of the newborn is more than or equal to 3.2kg, the weight of the weaning is more than or equal to 24.0kg, the weight of the 6-month-old is more than or equal to 45kg, and the weight of the adult is more than or equal to 55 kg.
3. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein when the F2 generation hybrid sheep is used as female parent of grade hybrid, the selection criteria of female parent include: the weight of the newborn is more than or equal to 3.2kg, the weight of the weaning is more than or equal to 26.0kg, the weight of the 6-month-old is more than or equal to 50kg, and the weight of the adult is more than or equal to 60 kg.
4. A breeding method according to claim 1, characterised in that the selection criteria of the original male parent include: the weight of the whole year is more than or equal to 50kg, and the weight of the adult is more than or equal to 90 kg; the selection criteria of the original female parent include: the weight of weaning is more than or equal to 20kg, the weight of the whole year is more than or equal to 45kg, and the lambing rate is more than or equal to 260%.
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| CN106818639A (en) * | 2017-02-17 | 2017-06-13 | 西北农林科技大学 | A kind of method for improving the maternal sheep output of milk |
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| CN103404484A (en) * | 2013-08-30 | 2013-11-27 | 洛宁农本畜牧科技开发有限公司 | Dual-purpose sheep new strain cultivation method |
| CN106818639A (en) * | 2017-02-17 | 2017-06-13 | 西北农林科技大学 | A kind of method for improving the maternal sheep output of milk |
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