CN110150218B - Method for breeding female parent strain of barn feeding type sheep - Google Patents
Method for breeding female parent strain of barn feeding type sheep Download PDFInfo
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- 241001494479 Pecora Species 0.000 title claims abstract 37
- 235000013372 meat Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 238000009402 cross-breeding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 5
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- 241001074086 Peprilus triacanthus Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 230000006651 lactation Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000001850 reproductive effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 241000283898 Ovis Species 0.000 description 113
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 13
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- 235000019687 Lamb Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000736229 Puccinellia Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000003975 animal breeding Methods 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for breeding a shed-feeding type female parent strain of sheep, which adopts three varieties of Hu sheep, south Africa mutton merino sheep and DuPo sheep to carry out cross breeding, and breeds a new strain of high-quality meat female parent of sheep suitable for shed feeding in agricultural areas in northwest China. The new strain sheep has high meat performance of the south African merino sheep and Dorper sheep of world famous sheep varieties and also has high reproduction performance of Hu sheep. The male and female sheep have no horn, and have the advantages of strong adaptability, large physique, fast growth and development, high meat yield, good meat quality and outstanding meat performance, the adult male sheep weight is more than 120kg, and the female sheep weight is more than 75 kg. The ewe has good lactation performance, high reproductive capacity and a lambing rate of more than 200 percent.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of animal breeding and breeding, and mainly relates to a method for breeding a new strain of meat sheep.
Background
The meat-and-hair fine-wool sheep is a meat-and-hair fine-wool sheep which is obtained by introducing German meat merino sheep into the Ministry of south Africa agriculture in 1932 for breeding projects and continuously breeding the wool quality and the body shape and appearance of the German meat merino sheep. The sheep has large body size, early maturity, wide and deep chest, flat back and waist, full muscles and good growth of the hind body. The male and female sheep have no horn, the weight of an adult male sheep is 100-135 kg, and the weight of an adult female sheep is 70-85 kg. Under the condition of normal feeding management, the lambing rate is 130-160%, the female sex is strong, and the lactation ability is good. Under the grazing condition, the weight of 100-day-old lambs averagely reaches 35.0kg, and under the intensive feeding condition, the weight of 100-day-old male lambs averagely reaches 56.0 kg. The dressing percentage is 50.0-55.0%. China is introduced from the 90 s of the 20 th century and is mainly distributed in provinces such as Xinjiang, inner Mongolia, Beijing, Shanxi, Liaoning and Ningxia.
The dupo sheep are originally produced in the republic of south Africa. The sheep has the advantages of rapid early development, high carcass reduction rate, tender and succulent meat, light smell of mutton, good taste, suitability for fat lamb production, international praise as "diamond-grade" sheep meat, and high economic value. Meanwhile, the sheep board is thick in skin, large in area, compact and elastic in skin, and is a high-grade leather raw material for manufacturing high-grade leather clothing, furniture, car interior decoration and the like.
Gansu province is one of the main sheep-raising provinces in China. In northeast of the west corridor of the river of the province of Gansu province in civil service county, alkali grass is abundant, the mutton produced is light in smell, high in protein content and fresh and tender in meat quality, is deeply popular in the market and has a large market share in Gansu province, Qinghai province, inner Mongolia province, Shaanxi province and the like. However, with the continuous deterioration of the civil ecological environment, the contradiction between the development of the sheep raising industry and the environmental protection is more and more prominent. When the traditional sheep raising industry is rapidly transformed to the modernized sheep raising industry, the problem of low sheep variety resource productivity becomes an important bottleneck restricting the development of the modernized sheep raising industry, and in order to solve the problem, China introduces some high-quality sheep varieties from abroad to improve the level of the existing sheep varieties in China, and achieves certain progress, so that the coverage rate of fine breed sheep is improved to a certain extent. The Hu sheep introduced from Jiangzhe to Henan, Gansu, Hebei, Shandong, Shanxi, inner Mongolia and Xinjiang in China all have good effect, but have the defects that the meat body type is slightly poor, the ribs are not enough to open and the like. The pure Dorper sheep breed has good meat quality but low lambing rate. The south Africa meat merino sheep grows and develops quickly, has higher lambing rate and strong adaptability.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the defects of the prior art, the method combines the development practice of local sheep breeding industry, selects the local south Africa mutton merino, dupont sheep and Hu sheep varieties domesticated by wind and soil, carries out complex cross breeding of the three varieties of sheep, and breeds a new barn feeding type sheep strain suitable for being bred in northwest proper scale for female parent sheep in a mutton sheep cross production system.
The method adopts two crossbreed groups of Hu sheep, south African meat merino sheep and Dorper sheep to carry out compound crossbreed breeding, and establishes breeding populations on the basis of identification and evaluation of the Hu sheep, south African meat merino male sheep and Dorper male sheep of a basic female sheep in an implementation place. The contents of the identification and evaluation include: the physical form, age, weight and reproductive performance of ewes and the physical form, age, weight and the like of stud rams. The main technical route comprises three steps of two groups: firstly, the method comprises the following steps: the Hu sheep is used as female parent and the merino sheep for south Africa meat is used as male parent to carry out hybridization to produce the first filial generation sheep F1 in south lakeSouth lake，F1South lakeThe excellent ewe and the DuPo ram are hybridized to produce F2Dunan lakeAnd the crossbred sheep group is used as the crossbred sheep group A. The second step is that: the first-generation Du lake sheep F1 is produced by hybridizing the Hu sheep as female parent and the DuPo sheep as male parentDu lakeForming a hybrid sheep group B; the third step: using F2 in population ADunan lakeGroup F1 of ram and group BDu lakeAnd (4) hybridizing the ewes to produce a new variety of flock C. The breeding management conditions are continuously improved for new strain flocks, strict ideal individual selection, self-mass breeding and subculture breeding are carried out, and finally, the new strain of barn feeding sheep is bred.
More specifically, the present application provides a method of breeding a female strain of a barn feeding type sheep, comprising the steps of:
(1) the male ram of the south African meat merino sheep and the female ram of the Hu sheep are hybridized to generate a first hybrid generation F1 of the south lakeSouth lakeUsing said F1South lakeCrossbreeding ewe and ram to produce F2Dunan lakeAnd (3) a hybrid sheep population A.
(2) Hu sheep ewe and Dorper ram are hybridized to breed F1Du lakeAnd (4) a hybrid sheep population B.
(3) With F2 grown from the population ADunan lakeRam and F1 bred from said population BDu lakeAnd (5) hybridizing the ewes, and breeding a sheep group C.
(4) And (4) carrying out locked breeding on the population C cultured in the step (3), carrying out subculture breeding, and culturing the new sheep strain.
In some embodiments, the Hu sheep ewe selection criterion is a combination of two or more of: the sheep head is long and narrow, no horn, the bridge of the nose is raised, the eyes are large and prominent, the ears are large and drooping, the neck is long and narrow, the chest is narrow, the back is flat and straight, the four limbs are slender, the tail is large and oblate, the tail tip is upwarped, the weight of an adult sheep is more than 55kg, and the whole body is white.
In some embodiments, the south african meat merino ram selection criterion is a combination of two or more of: hornless, large, wide and deep chest, straight back and waist, full muscle, good growth of hind body, adult ram weight over 100kg, no genital diseases over twin.
In some embodiments, the dupont ram selection criteria is a combination of two or more of the following: the body is large and the trunk is similar to a round barrel; the head top is straight, the length is moderate, no angle exists, the forehead is wide, the nose bridge is raised, the ears are large and slightly drooping, the neck is thick and short, the shoulder is wide and thick, the chest is full, the back and the waist are straight, and the ribs are arched and round; the muscles of the posterior trunk are developed, the limbs are short and strong, the bones are thin, and the muscles protrude outwards; the male lambs have regular limb vigor and slim tails, the male lambs have the initial weight of 5kg, the male lambs at 3 months age have the weight of 35kg, the male lambs at 6 months age have the weight of 60kg, and the male lambs at 24 months age have the weight of 120 kg.
In some embodiments, the F1South lakeThe ewe selection criteria are a combination of two or more of the following: the weight of birth is more than 3kg, the weight of weaning is more than 25kg, the weight of 6 months old is more than 35kg, the weight of the year of the week is more than 50kg, and all individuals come from more than two births.
In some embodiments, F2Dunan lakeThe selection criteria of the hybrid sheep population A are two or more groupsCombining: the weight of birth is more than 3.5kg, the weight of weaning at 3 months is more than 25kg, the weight of weaning at 6 months is more than 40kg, and the weight of the whole year is more than 80 kg.
In some embodiments, F1Du lakeThe ewe selection criteria are a combination of two or more of the following: the weight of birth is more than 2.5kg, the weight of 3-month weaning is more than 17kg, the weight of 6-month weaning is more than 35kg, and the weight of the whole year is more than 45 kg.
In some embodiments, the population CF2 ram selection criteria is a combination of two or more of: the weight of birth is more than 4.0kg, the weight of 3-month weaning is more than 28kg, the weight of 6-month weaning is more than 50kg, the weight of the whole year is more than 100kg, and all individuals are from more than two lambs.
In some embodiments, the population CF2 ewe selection criteria is a combination of two or more of: the weight of birth is more than 3.2kg, the weight of 3-month weaning is more than 25kg, the weight of 6-month weaning is more than 45kg, the weight of the whole year is more than 60kg, and all individuals are from more than two lambs.
In some embodiments, the new line contains 50% of dupont sheep genes, 37.5% of hu sheep genes and 12.5% of south african meat merino sheep genes; the weight of the adult rams is more than 120kg, the weight of the adult rams is more than 75kg, and the lambing rate is more than 200%.
The invention has the advantages of
First, the new strain contains 50% of Dorper sheep gene, 37.5% of Hu sheep gene and 12.5% of south African meat merino sheep gene. The meat production characters of the Dorper sheep and the south African meat merino sheep are introduced, the growth and development are fast, the meat production rate is high, the adult weight of the male sheep is more than 120kg, the adult weight of the female sheep is more than 75kg, and the growth and meat production performance of the local sheep (Hu sheep) are obviously improved.
Secondly, the new strain of sheep obtained by the breeding method continuously keeps the high-reproduction character of Hu sheep, and the new strain of ewe has good lactation performance, high reproduction capacity and lambing rate of more than 200%. Meanwhile, the characteristics of rough feeding resistance and strong adaptability of the Hu sheep are also kept. The new strain is used for female parent sheep in a mutton sheep hybridization production system, and is an innovative type which is suitable for feeding in local agricultural areas and integrates high-quality meat quality and multiple genes.
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FIG. 1 is a technical route for breeding the new strain of the invention.
Detailed Description
In order to better explain the technical scheme of the invention, the following detailed description of the embodiment of the invention is combined with the accompanying drawings. The following examples are intended to further illustrate the invention but should not be construed as being limitations or restrictive thereon. Unless otherwise specified, technical features used in the embodiments may be replaced with other technical features known in the art having equivalent or similar functions or effects without departing from the inventive concept.
Example 1 hybridization protocol
The breeding of new lines mainly goes through the following stages. The new strain breeding technical route is shown in figure 1.
First, selection of basic flocks and whole flocks.
The method comprises the following steps: phenotypic selection is combined with performance measurement.
Selection criteria of Hu sheep ewes: according to the technical route requirements, the Hu sheep is long and narrow in head, free of corners, bulged in nose bridge, large and prominent in eyes, large and drooping in ears, long and thin in neck, narrow in chest, flat in back and slender in limbs. The tail is big and flat round, the tip of the tail is upwarped, the weight of an adult sheep is more than 55kg, and white ewes of the whole body form a basic ewe group, and the total number of the ewe group is up to 800.
Selection criteria for south african meat merino rams: the selection has no horn, large physique, wide and deep chest, flat back and waist, full muscles and good growth of the hind body. Adult rams weighed more than 100kg, and were derived from more than two births, 20 male merino lambs in south africa with no genital diseases.
Selection criteria for Dorper rams: the body is large and the trunk is similar to a round barrel. The head top is straight, the length is moderate, no angle exists, the forehead is wide, the nose bridge is raised, the ears are large and slightly drooping, the neck is thick and short, the shoulder is wide and thick, the chest is full, the back and the waist are straight, and the ribs are arched and round. The posterior muscles are developed, the limbs are short and strong, the bones are thin, and the muscles protrude outwards. Regular limbs, long and thin tails. The male lambs are 5kg in birth, 35kg in 3-month-old male lambs, 60kg in 6-month-old male lambs, 120kg in 24-month-old male lambs and 16 lambs in quantity.
And II, generating a hybridized sheep population A.
The south African meat merino male sheep is hybridized with the Hu sheep female sheep to generate a south lake hybrid generation F1South lake. According to growth and development conditions from F1South lakeSelecting 200 from mother lambs as F1South lakeThe backup ewes were grouped as F1 basal ewe herd. F1 ewe selection criteria: the weight of birth is more than 3kg, the weight of weaning is more than 25kg, the weight of 6 months old is more than 35kg, and the weight of the year of the week is more than 50 kg. All individuals are from more than two births.
With F1South lakeCrossbreeding ewe with Dorper ram to produce F2Dunan lakeAnd (3) a hybrid sheep population A. Selecting 30 excellent rams from the sheep flock, wherein the selection criteria are that the rams weigh more than 3.5kg in birth, 25kg in weaning at 3 months, 40kg at 6 months and 80kg in the year of the week.
Production steps of three, B hybrid sheep colony
The Hu sheep ewe is hybridized with the Dorper ram to form F1Du lakeAnd (4) a hybrid sheep population B. F1Du lakeEwe selection criteria: the weight of birth is more than 2.5kg, the weight of 3-month weaning is more than 17kg, the weight of 6-month weaning is more than 35kg, and the weight of the whole year is more than 45 kg.
Fourth, a new variety sheep C group breeding step
With F2 grown from A flocksDunan lakeRam and F1 bred from group BDu lakeHybridization of ewes and cultivation of CF1Du' nan lakeZero generation of flocks. With CF1Du' nan lakeRam and CF1Du' nan lakeAnd (4) hybridizing the ewes to produce a new variety of CF2 mutton sheep. CF2 ram selection criteria: the weight of birth is more than 4.0kg, the weight of 3-month weaning is more than 28kg, the weight of 6-month weaning is more than 50kg, the weight of the whole year is more than 100kg, and all individuals are from more than two lambs. CF2 ewe selection criteria: the weight of birth is more than 3.2kg, the weight of 3-month weaning is more than 25kg, the weight of 6-month weaning is more than 45kg, the weight of the whole year is more than 60kg, and all individuals are from more than two lambs. The selected CF2 sheep is strictly self-group bred, subculture breeding is developed, and feeding management is continuously enhanced, so that the bred new sheep strain has the characteristics of rapid growth and development, large physique, high reproduction rate, strong adaptability and the like.
The new strain has the characteristics that: the new strain male and female sheep have no horn, large physique, fast growth and development, high meat yield, good meat quality and outstanding meat performance, the adult male sheep has the weight of more than 120kg, the female sheep has the weight of more than 75kg, the female sheep has good lactation performance, high reproductive capacity and the lambing yield of more than 200 percent. Is suitable for large-scale barn feeding and is used for female parent sheep in a mutton sheep hybridization production system. The new strain contains 50% of Dorper sheep gene, 37.5% of Hu sheep gene and 12.5% of south African meat merino sheep gene. The meat production characters of the Dorper sheep and the south African meat merino sheep are introduced, the growth and development are fast, the meat production rate is high, the adult weight of the male sheep is more than 120kg, the adult weight of the female sheep is more than 75kg, and the growth and meat production performance of the local sheep (Hu sheep) are obviously improved.
The new strain of sheep obtained by the invention keeps the high-reproduction character of Hu sheep, and the new strain of ewe has good lactation performance, high reproductive capacity and lambing rate of more than 200%. Meanwhile, the characteristics of rough feeding resistance and strong adaptability of the Hu sheep are also kept. The new strain is used for female parent sheep in a mutton sheep hybridization production system, and is an innovative type which is suitable for feeding in local agricultural areas and integrates high-quality meat quality and multiple genes.
The above embodiments are only used for further illustration of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and all equivalent changes made based on the concept of the present invention and obvious modifications of various technical solutions of the present invention fall within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A breeding method of a shed feeding type sheep female parent strain is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) the male ram of the south African meat merino sheep and the female ram of the Hu sheep are hybridized to generate a first hybrid generation F1 of the south lakeSouth lakeBy F1South lakeCrossbreeding ewe and ram to produce F2Dunan lakeA cross-bred sheep population A;
(2) hu sheep ewe and Dorper ram are hybridized to breed F1Du lakeA cross-bred sheep group B;
(3) with F2 grown from population ADunan lakeRam and F1 bred from population BDu lakeHybridizing ewes, and breeding a sheep group C;
(4) and (4) carrying out locked breeding on the population C cultured in the step (3), carrying out subculture breeding, and culturing a new sheep strain.
2. A method of breeding a female drylot feeding sheep strain according to claim 1, wherein:
the Hu sheep ewe selection criterion is a combination of two or more of the following: the sheep head is long and narrow, no horn, the bridge of the nose is raised, the eyes are large and prominent, the ears are large and drooping, the neck is long and narrow, the chest is narrow, the back is flat and straight, the four limbs are slender, the tail is large and oblate, the tail tip is upwarped, the weight of an adult sheep is more than 55kg, and the whole body is white.
3. A method of breeding a female drylot feeding sheep strain according to claim 1, wherein:
the south African meat merino ram selection criteria is a combination of two or more of the following: hornless, large, wide and deep chest, straight back and waist, full muscle, good growth of hind body, adult ram weight over 100kg, no genital diseases over twin.
4. A method of breeding a female drylot feeding sheep strain according to claim 1, wherein:
the selection criteria for a dupont ram are a combination of two or more of the following: the body is large and the trunk is similar to a round barrel; the head top is straight, the length is moderate, no angle exists, the forehead is wide, the nose bridge is raised, the ears are large and slightly drooping, the neck is thick and short, the shoulder is wide and thick, the chest is full, the back and the waist are straight, and the ribs are arched and round; the muscles of the posterior trunk are developed, the limbs are short and strong, the bones are thin, and the muscles protrude outwards; the male lambs have regular limb vigor and long and thin tails, the male lambs have the initial weight of 5kg, the male lambs at 3 months of age have the weight of 35kg, the male lambs at 6 months of age have the weight of 60kg, and the male lambs at 24 months of age have the weight of 120 kg.
5. A method of breeding a female drylot feeding sheep strain according to claim 1, wherein:
the F1South lakeThe ewe selection criteria are a combination of two or more of the following: the weight of birth is more than 3kg, the weight of weaning is more than 25kg, the weight of 6 months old is more than 35kg, the weight of the year of the week is more than 50kg, and all individuals come from more than two births.
6. A method of breeding a female drylot feeding sheep strain according to claim 1, wherein:
F2dunan lakeThe selection criteria for the crossbreed population A are a combination of two or more of the following: the weight of birth is more than 3.5kg, the weight of weaning at 3 months is more than 25kg, the weight of weaning at 6 months is more than 40kg, and the weight of the whole year is more than 80 kg.
7. A method of breeding a female drylot feeding sheep strain according to claim 1, wherein:
F1du lakeThe ewe selection criteria are a combination of two or more of the following: the weight of birth is more than 2.5kg, the weight of 3-month weaning is more than 17kg, the weight of 6-month weaning is more than 35kg, and the weight of the whole year is more than 45 kg.
8. A method of breeding a female strain of a drylot sheep as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7 wherein:
the new sheep strain contains 50% of Dorper sheep genes, 37.5% of Hu sheep genes and 12.5% of south African mutton merino sheep genes; the weight of the adult male sheep reaches more than 120kg, the weight of the adult female sheep reaches more than 75kg, and the lambing rate is more than 200%.
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| CN106359259A (en) * | 2016-08-26 | 2017-02-01 | 洛宁农本畜牧科技开发有限公司 | Breeding method for novel mutton variety of Hu-sheep |
| CN106857404A (en) * | 2017-03-28 | 2017-06-20 | 吉林农业大学 | A kind of breeding method of northeast cross region between farmland and grassland Mutton Merino new varieties |
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