CN106489832B - A kind of breeding method of high reproductive rate fiber crops plumage meat egg dual-purpose type duck - Google Patents
A kind of breeding method of high reproductive rate fiber crops plumage meat egg dual-purpose type duck Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of breeding method of high reproductive rate fiber crops plumage meat egg dual-purpose type duck, this method using mountain sheldrake pure lines be maternal, Jianchang duck shallowly numb plumage system drake as male parent progress first time hybridization；Gained drake is hybridized as male parent using first time again, sheldrake pure lines duck in mountain carries out second of hybridization to be maternal；Then hybridizing duck with second is female parent, and the big maternal drake of figure cherry valley duck is that male parent carries out third time hybridization；To hybridize duck for the third time for female parent after again, the big maternal drake of figure cherry valley duck is that male parent is hybridized, and obtains 4 generation groups of hybridization；It finally carries out traversed by fix and Systematic Breeding, obtain a kind of with high reproductive rate, the numb plumage meat duck new lines that lay heavily, meat production is excellent, phenotype is stable.The resulting numb plumage meat duck whole body feather color of the method for the present invention is based on jute, thorax abdomen has the white plumage label in part, adult weight 2.75Kg~3.00Kg, and 8 week old market weight of Commercial meat-type duck reaches 1.95Kg~2.25Kg, duck annual egg is up to 250 pieces or more, 94% or more fertility rate of hatching egg.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to poultry breeding technology fields, and in particular to a kind of production phenotype is stable, produces meat and egg productivity
The breeding method of the energy numb plumage meat egg dual-purpose type duck of outstanding and high reproductive rate.
Background technique
China is meat duck big producer, and China year delivers the world meat duck Liang Zhan total amount for sale always all 70% or more in recent years.
In the northern area of China, meat duck cultivation mainly based on large-scale white plumage meat duck, butchers processing using intensive culture, scale
Form is produced.And most traditional aquatic bird producing region, consumer generally like numb plumage Local duck species in south China, tradition
The ducks product such as boiled salted duck, Cold spiced duck, smoked duck, sweet tea skin duck, and produced using numb plumage meat duck as raw material.It is believed that
Compared with the white plumage meat duck of fast large size, numb plumage meat duck has better quality, and product is easier to be esthetically acceptable to the consumers.
There are sheldrake Germplasm Resources of Local abundant, predominantly meat egg dual-purpose type kind and egg type kind in China.Meat egg is simultaneous
With type sheldrake kind such as Jianchang duck, Gaoyou duck etc., compared with the white plumage meat duck of fast large size, figure is smaller, meat production is poor, and
Its duck year egg number is few, only 150 pieces or so, far below 300 pieces or more of the laying duck kind of laying eggs in year, selects also below by system
The white plumage meat duck female parent line (laying eggs in year 250 pieces or so) educated.Numb plumage laying duck kind such as mountain sheldrake, Shaoxing duck, Dual Gold etc., year
It lays eggs and reaches 300 pieces or so, but its is small, adult weight only 1.5kg or so, early growth speed is slow, and Meat Performance is poor.Such as
Using dual-purpose type fiber crops plumage meat duck or fast large-scale white plumage meat duck drake as parent sire of hybrid pigs, laying duck kind duck opens fruit as hybridization female parent
Exhibition hybridization, size difference is big between one side male and female duck, influences fertility rate of hatching egg, on the other hand, this simple and relax hybridization its
Offspring's plumage color separation is serious, offspring's speed of growth is irregular, seriously affects the culture efficiency and Commercial meat-type duck of raiser
Sale.
Currently, in terms of carrying out hybridization research using fast large-scale meat duck and small body type laying duck, there is also be only conceived to meat
And the problem of price of deed, such as " crossbreeding effect of cherry valley duck and Jianchang duck ", " Cherry Village Duckss and 2 laying duck mixing breeds
Effect comparative analysis ", this research direction not can solve the above problem of this industry institute urgent need to resolve.
Therefore, it cultivates a kind of with high reproductive rate, the numb plumage meat egg dual-purpose that lay heavily, meat production is excellent, phenotype is stable
Type duck new lines are used directly for high-quality numb plumage meat duck production, are also used as the parent of hybridization, the numb plumage meat with big figure
Duck carries out mating hybridization, the numb plumage meat duck commercial generation that numb plumage phenotype is stable, meat production is outstanding is produced, to effectively facilitate numb plumage
The stable development of meat duck industry.
Summary of the invention
In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of high reproductive rate fiber crops plumage meat egg dual-purpose type ducks
Breeding method, this method comprises the following steps:
(1) the 1st hybridization: being that shallowly numb plumage system drake is hybridized as male parent for maternal, Jianchang duck using mountain sheldrake pure lines duck,
Obtain 50% blood relationship of duck containing Jianchang, the hybridization 1 generation group of 50% blood relationship of mountain sheldrake；After hybridization for selecting and remain typical jute in duckling
Duck feather color type is raised, and is selected and remain primaries and is greater than 50% individual for numb plumage and numb plumage ratio and continues to raise, obtains JS
System；
(2) the 2nd hybridization: using JS system drake as male parent, sheldrake pure lines duck in mountain is that female parent is hybridized, and obtains hybridization 2
For group；Raised after hybridization for selecting and remain typical jute duck feather color type individual in duckling, select and remain primaries for numb plumage and
Numb plumage ratio is greater than 50% individual, while eliminating the individual that weight is lower than population mean, obtains JSS system；
(3) the 3rd hybridization: being female parent with JSS system duck, and the big maternal drake of figure cherry valley duck is that male parent is hybridized,
Obtain 3 generation groups of hybridization；Select and remain jute duck feather color type individual in generation after hybridization and raised, select and remain primaries for numb plumage and
Numb plumage ratio is greater than 50% individual, while eliminating the individual that weight is lower than population mean, obtains YJSS system；
(4) the 4th hybridizes: it is female parent with YJSS system duck, the big maternal drake of figure cherry valley duck is that male parent is hybridized,
Obtain 4 generation groups of hybridization；Select and remain jute duck feather color type individual in generation after hybridization and raised, select and remain primaries for numb plumage and
Numb plumage ratio is greater than 50% individual, while eliminating the individual that weight is lower than population mean, and it is simultaneous to obtain high reproductive rate fiber crops plumage meat egg
With type duck breeding underlying group；
(5) traversed by is fixed and Systematic Breeding: in high reproductive rate fiber crops plumage meat duck breeding underlying group drake and duck set up
Family carries out traversed by and fixes；Carry out Systematic Breeding, each generation selected and remain when duckling goes out shell jute duck feather color type individual into
Row raising selects and remain primaries as numb plumage and numb plumage ratio and is greater than 50% individual, while eliminating of the weight lower than population mean
Body obtains macroscopic features, the high reproductive rate fiber crops plumage meat egg dual-purpose type duck new lines of production performance stable and consistent.
The meat egg dual-purpose type sheldrake such as Jianchang duck belongs to medium-sized sheldrake, but its duck low reproduction rate, single duck year
Only 150 pieces or so of egg production；In addition, Jianchang duck and duckling plumage color is 4 points of flowers, it is black that adult duck plumage color is divided into deep numb, shallow fiber crops, white chest
The multiple types such as duck, plumage color separation are serious；The egg types sheldrake such as mountain sheldrake belongs to the sheldrake of small body type, and breeding potential is high, but its body
Type is small, adult weight only 1.5kg, the underweight 1.0kg of 8 week old, cannot be directly used as meat breed and carry out sheldrake production；It utilizes
The big white plumage meat duck of figure or meat egg dual-purpose type fiber crops plumage meat duck (such as Jianchang duck) are made as parent sire of hybrid pigs, laying duck kind (such as mountain sheldrake)
Carry out hybridization for hybridization is maternal to produce commodity sheldrake, there are male and female duck size differences too greatly, fertility rate of hatching egg is low and causes numerous
Grow the problem that rate is low, and filial generation plumage color separation is more serious, the speed of growth is irregular.
The present inventor, the study found that when taking breeding method of the invention, can be had by long-term
There is the numb plumage meat egg dual-purpose type duck that high reproductive rate, lay heavily, meat production are excellent, phenotype is stable.
The present invention has cultivated the numb plumage meat egg dual-purpose type duck that a kind of breeding potential is high, meat production is good, phenotypic genetic is stable
New lines.It is poor that the strain breaches the sheldrake variety breeding performance that meat production is good in domestic and international existing sheldrake kind, and breeds
The deficiency of the good sheldrake kind meat production difference of performance, can be directly used for the production of meat type fiber crops plumage meat duck, it is also possible to as miscellaneous
Female parent is handed over, the feature that strain breeding potential is high and Meat Performance is good is made full use of, is carried out with big figure jute plumage meat duck strain
Hybridization produces Meat Performance jute plumage Commercial meat-type duck more outstanding.
Step (1) and step (2) the mountain sheldrake pure lines obtain by the following method: using mountain sheldrake as material, in per generation, continues
There is selection duckling the male and female young bird of typical jute plumage feature mountain sheldrake to be raised, and family be set up after incubation, using family breeding
Method carries out pure-line breeding, carries out breeding by plumage colour standard, obtains mountain sheldrake pure lines.
Shallowly numb plumage system obtains step (1) the Jianchang duck by the following method: in the duck varieties of Jianchang, selecting shallow numb plumage Jianchang
The male and female duck of duck sets up family, carries out pure-line breeding using family method of breeding, carries out breeding by plumage colour standard, obtains Jianchang duck
Shallow fiber crops plumage system.
Preferably, in step (1), in 15 week old select and remain primaries for numb plumage and numb plumage ratio be greater than 50% individual continue into
Row raising, obtains JS system；
Preferably, in step (2), primaries is selected and remain in 15 week old and is greater than 50% individual for numb plumage and numb plumage ratio, simultaneously
The individual that weight is lower than population mean is eliminated, JSS system is obtained.
Preferably, in step (3), primaries is selected and remain respectively at 8 week old and 15 week old and is greater than for numb plumage and numb plumage ratio
50% individual, while the individual that weight is lower than population mean is eliminated, obtain YJSS system.
Preferably, in step (4), primaries is selected and remain respectively at 8 week old and 15 week old and is greater than for numb plumage and numb plumage ratio
50% individual, while the individual that weight is lower than population mean is eliminated, obtain high reproductive rate fiber crops plumage meat duck breeding underlying group.
Breeding is carried out according to above-mentioned " plumage colour standard ", can get the stable meat egg dual-purpose type duck of fiber crops plumage phenotype.
Preferably, in step (5), when Systematic Breeding, 4 generations of Systematic Breeding altogether.
Preferably, when Systematic Breeding, each generation selects and remain jute duck feather color type individual when duckling goes out shell and is raised
It supports, selects and remain primaries respectively at 8 week old and 15 week old and be greater than 50% individual for numb plumage and numb plumage ratio, while eliminating weight and being lower than
The individual of population mean.
Beneficial effects of the present invention:
(1) the method for the present invention can obtain a kind of medium-sized and high breeding potential numb plumage meat egg dual-purpose type duck；
(2) for resulting numb plumage meat duck whole body feather color based on jute, thorax abdomen has part white by the method for the invention
Plumage label, grow up (25 week old) weight 2.75Kg~3.00Kg, and 8 week old market weight of Commercial meat-type duck reaches 1.95Kg~2.25Kg,
Duck annual egg is up to 250 pieces or more, 94% or more fertility rate of hatching egg；
(3) the method for the present invention solves that meat egg dual-purpose type sheldrake variety breeding rate is low, the small and meat property of laying duck breed type
Size difference excessive caused fertility rate of hatching egg low (only 85% or so) and filial generation plumage color during energy is poor, sheldrake hybridization produces
The problem that separation is serious, production performance is irregular.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is Cultivating techniques route schematic diagram of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is specifically described below by embodiment, it is necessary to which indicated herein is that following embodiment is only used
It is further detailed in the present invention, should not be understood as limiting the scope of the invention, which is skilled in technique
Some nonessential modifications and adaptations that personnel are made according to foregoing invention content, still fall within protection scope of the present invention.
The source of used genetic resources in following embodiments are as follows:
Mountain sheldrake: it is introduced by Xichang Hua Nongqin industry Co., Ltd from Fujian Longyan city mountain sheldrake seed farm, used in the present invention
Mountain sheldrake is quoted from Xichang Hua Nongqin industry Co., Ltd.
Jianchang duck: quoted from Xichang Hua Nongqin industry Co., Ltd Jianchang seed stock breeding station in Jianchang duck source area.
Cherry valley duck: being cultivated by Britain's Growth of Cherry Valley farm company, is introduced and is produced by Mount Huang Qiang Yingya industry Co., Ltd, this hair
Bright mountain sheldrake used is quoted from Mount Huang Qiang Yingya industry Co., Ltd.
Embodiment 1
(1) in the sheldrake group of mountain, select duckling down for typical jute plumage type individual, according to male and female ratio 1:10 group
Build this family of Shanfu, by plumage colour standard pure breeding group expanding, establish the core group of 30 familys and expand numerous group, using family method of breeding into
It has gone 4 pure line selections more than generation, has obtained mountain sheldrake and be sheerly group；
(2) in the duck group of Jianchang, shallow numb plumage type individual is selected, this family of Shanfu is set up according to male and female ratio 1:8, presses
Plumage colour standard pure breeding group expanding establishes the core group of 30 familys and expands numerous group, it is more than the generation to have carried out 4 using family method of breeding
Pure line selection, obtain Jianchang duck Qian Mayuxi group；
(3) for optional step (1) sheldrake pure lines duck in mountain obtained as female parent, the obtained Jianchang duck of step (2) is shallowly numb
Plumage drake is hybridized as male parent, and using technology of artificial insemination, 4000 pieces of hatching egg of production hybridization or more, hatching obtains hybridization 1
For duckling about 3400；
(4) in 3400 1 generation ducklings of hybridization, eliminating duckling feather color type is 4 points of flowers, white chest coot feather color type
Body is selected and remain jute plumage duckling about 2000 and is raised；
(5) when 15 week old, primaries is eliminated based on white plumage, is selected and remain primaries and is greater than for numb plumage or numb plumage ratio
50%, while neck fiber crops plumage neck ring complete individuals about 800 simply continue to be raised, and obtain JS system；
(6) using JS system drake as male parent, step (1) mountain sheldrake jute plumage system duck obtained is female parent, according to male and female
Ratio 1:10 sets up this family of Shanfu, and hybridization obtains the hybridization 2 generation group of the edge of duck blood containing Jianchang 25%, mountain sheldrake blood relationship 75%；
(7) in hybridizing 2 generation groups, eliminating duckling feather color type is the plumages colors such as 4 points of flowers, Bai Yu, white chest coot and miscellaneous plumage
Type individual, selects and remain jute plumage duckling individual and is raised；
(8) in 15 week old, primaries is eliminated based on white plumage, is selected and remain primaries and is greater than for numb plumage or numb plumage ratio
50%, neck fiber crops plumage neck ring complete individuals eliminate the individual that weight is lower than population mean by the measurement of weight.It is selected and remain
Individual formed JSS system；
It (9) is female parent using JSS system duck, introducing the big maternal drake of figure cherry valley duck is male parent, according to male and female ratio
1:10 is hybridized using technology of artificial insemination, obtains blood relationship containing cherry valley duck 50%, Jianchang duck blood edge 12.5%, mountain sheldrake
The hybridization 3 generation group of blood relationship 37.5%；
(10) in hybridizing 3 generation groups, eliminating duckling feather color type is the plumages such as 4 points of flowers, Bai Yu, white chest coot and miscellaneous plumage
Color type individual, selects and remain jute plumage duckling individual and is raised；
(11) primaries is selected and remain respectively at 8 week old and 15 week old and be greater than 50% individual for numb plumage and numb plumage ratio, wash in a pan simultaneously
The individual that weight is lower than population mean is eliminated, YJSS system is obtained；
It (12) is female parent with YJSS system duck, the big maternal drake of figure cherry valley duck is that male parent is hybridized, and obtains and contains cherry
Peach paddy duck blood edge 75%, Jianchang duck blood edge 6.25%, the hybridization 4 generation group of mountain sheldrake blood relationship 18.75%；
(13) after hybridization in generation, eliminating duckling feather color type is the plumages color classes such as 4 points of flowers, Bai Yu, white chest coot and miscellaneous plumage
Type individual, selects and remain jute plumage duckling individual and is raised；
(14) primaries is selected and remain respectively at 8 week old and 15 week old and be greater than 50% individual for numb plumage and numb plumage ratio, wash in a pan simultaneously
The individual that weight is lower than population mean is eliminated, high reproductive rate fiber crops plumage meat egg dual-purpose type duck breeding underlying group is obtained；
(15) the male and female duck of high reproductive rate fiber crops plumage meat duck breeding underlying group is set up into this family of Shanfu in male and female ratio 1:10
60, traversed by is carried out using family method of breeding and is fixed and Systematic Breeding.In the Systematic Breeding stage, each generation is when duckling goes out shell
It selects and remain jute duck feather color type individual to be raised, selects and remain primaries respectively at 8 week old and 15 week old as numb plumage and numb plumage ratio
Greater than 50% individual, while also needing record weight, egg production, rate of fertilization, the creation datas such as hatching rate, using statistical method into
Row analysis, selects and remain individual of the Growth Results more than average.By the Systematic Breeding of 4 generations, high reproductive rate fiber crops plumage is obtained
Meat egg dual-purpose type duck new lines (GF).
(16) Breeding Progress of each generation main indicator of high reproductive rate fiber crops plumage meat egg dual-purpose type duck new lines (GF) is as follows:
1) high reproductive rate fiber crops plumage meat egg dual-purpose type duck Main Production Rerfomance is shown in Table 1:
Table 1: high reproductive rate fiber crops plumage meat egg dual-purpose type duck Main Production Rerfomance
2) the 300 main body size indexes of age in days of high reproductive rate fiber crops plumage meat egg dual-purpose type duck are shown in Table 2:
Table 2: the 300 main body size indexes of age in days of high reproductive rate fiber crops plumage meat egg dual-purpose type duck
3) high reproductive rate fiber crops plumage meat egg dual-purpose type duck early growth performance is shown in Table 3:
Table 3: high reproductive rate fiber crops plumage meat egg dual-purpose type duck early growth performance
Claims (8)
1. a kind of breeding method of high reproductive rate fiber crops plumage meat egg dual-purpose type duck, which is characterized in that described method includes following steps:
(1) the 1st hybridization: it is that shallowly numb plumage system drake is hybridized as male parent for maternal, Jianchang duck using mountain sheldrake pure lines duck, obtains
50% blood relationship of duck containing Jianchang, the hybridization 1 generation group of 50% blood relationship of mountain sheldrake；After hybridization for selecting and remain typical jute duck plumage in duckling
Color type is raised, and is then selected and remain primaries and is greater than 50% individual for numb plumage and numb plumage ratio and continues to raise, obtains JS
System；
(2) the 2nd hybridization: using JS system drake as male parent, sheldrake pure lines duck in mountain is that female parent is hybridized, and obtains hybridization 2 generations group
Body；Raised after hybridization for selecting and remain typical jute duck feather color type individual in duckling, then select and remain primaries for numb plumage and
Numb plumage ratio is greater than 50% individual, while eliminating the individual that weight is lower than population mean, obtains JSS system；
(3) the 3rd hybridization: being female parent with JSS system duck, and the big maternal drake of figure cherry valley duck is that male parent is hybridized, and obtains
Hybridize 3 generation groups；Select and remain jute duck feather color type individual in generation after hybridization and raised, then select and remain primaries for numb plumage and
Numb plumage ratio is greater than 50% individual, while eliminating the individual that weight is lower than population mean, obtains YJSS system；
(4) the 4th hybridizes: being female parent with YJSS system duck, the big maternal drake of figure cherry valley duck is that male parent is hybridized, and is obtained
Hybridize 4 generation groups；Select and remain jute duck feather color type individual in generation after hybridization and raised, then select and remain primaries for numb plumage and
Numb plumage ratio is greater than 50% individual, while eliminating the individual that weight is lower than population mean, and it is simultaneous to obtain high reproductive rate fiber crops plumage meat egg
With type duck breeding underlying group；
(5) traversed by is fixed and Systematic Breeding: with the drake and duck in high reproductive rate fiber crops plumage meat egg dual-purpose type duck breeding underlying group
Family is set up, traversed by is carried out and fixes；Systematic Breeding is carried out, each generation selects and remain jute duck feather color type when duckling goes out shell
Body is raised, and is selected and remain primaries then as numb plumage and numb plumage ratio and is greater than 50% individual, while it is flat lower than group to eliminate weight
The individual of mean obtains macroscopic features, the high reproductive rate fiber crops plumage meat egg dual-purpose type duck strain of production performance stable and consistent.
2. the method according to claim 1, wherein step (1) and step (2) the mountain sheldrake pure lines are by as follows
Method obtains: using mountain sheldrake as material, the male and female young bird that per generation persistently selects duckling to have typical jute plumage feature mountain sheldrake is carried out
Raising, sets up family after incubation, carries out pure-line breeding using family method of breeding, carries out breeding by plumage colour standard, obtains mountain sheldrake
Pure lines.
3. the method according to claim 1, wherein shallowly numb plumage system is by the following method for step (1) the Jianchang duck
It obtains: in the duck varieties of Jianchang, selecting the male and female duck of shallow numb plumage Jianchang duck, set up family, be sheerly using family method of breeding
Breeding carries out breeding by plumage colour standard, obtains Jianchang duck shallowly numb plumage system.
4. the method according to claim 1, wherein in step (1), in 15 week old select and remain primaries for numb plumage and
Numb plumage ratio is greater than 50% individual and continues to raise, and obtains JS system；And/or in step (2), primaries is selected and remain in 15 week old
It is greater than 50% individual for numb plumage and numb plumage ratio, while eliminates the individual that weight is lower than population mean, obtains JSS system.
5. the method according to claim 1, wherein selecting and remain master respectively at 8 week old and 15 week old in step (3)
Wing plumage is that numb plumage and numb plumage ratio are greater than 50% individual, while eliminating the individual that weight is lower than population mean, obtains YJSS system.
6. the method according to claim 1, wherein selecting and remain master respectively at 8 week old and 15 week old in step (4)
Wing plumage is that numb plumage and numb plumage ratio are greater than 50% individual, while eliminating the individual that weight is lower than population mean, obtains high breeding
Rate fiber crops plumage meat egg dual-purpose type duck breeding underlying group.
7. the method according to claim 1, wherein in step (5), when Systematic Breeding, 4 generation of Systematic Breeding altogether
Generation.
8. method according to claim 1 or claim 7, which is characterized in that when Systematic Breeding, each generation is when duckling goes out shell
It selects and remain jute duck feather color type individual to be raised, selects and remain primaries respectively at 8 week old and 15 week old as numb plumage and numb plumage ratio
Greater than 50% individual, while eliminating the individual that weight is lower than population mean.
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| CN201610930322.5A CN106489832B (en) | 2016-10-31 | 2016-10-31 | A kind of breeding method of high reproductive rate fiber crops plumage meat egg dual-purpose type duck |
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| CN106489832B true CN106489832B (en) | 2019-07-12 |
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| CN109819936B (en) * | 2019-02-20 | 2021-01-15 | 中国农业大学 | Breeding method of laying hen variety with low excrement water content |
| CN111543391B (en) * | 2020-07-03 | 2022-12-30 | 昆山市畜牧兽医站 | Method for cultivating Quaternary hybrid synthetic meat and egg dual-purpose type Jinqueen sheldrake complete set |
| CN112021256B (en) * | 2020-08-24 | 2022-02-11 | 大余马蹄山生态农业开发有限公司 | Breeding method of pure breed sheldrake |
| CN113892464A (en) * | 2021-11-09 | 2022-01-07 | 福建省连江县刘氏兔业养殖场 | Method for breeding duck strain special for duck bursa of Fabricius |
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