CN114868702B - Method for culturing high-quality specialization strain by using Hua pigs - Google Patents
Method for culturing high-quality specialization strain by using Hua pigs Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN114868702B CN114868702B CN202210419119.7A CN202210419119A CN114868702B CN 114868702 B CN114868702 B CN 114868702B CN 202210419119 A CN202210419119 A CN 202210419119A CN 114868702 B CN114868702 B CN 114868702B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- generation
- sows
- hybridization
- duroc
- selecting
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 241000282887 Suidae Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 76
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 238000009396 hybridization Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 61
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 230000037308 hair color Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 210000000003 hoof Anatomy 0.000 claims description 28
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 claims description 22
- 210000002445 nipple Anatomy 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000010187 selection method Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 210000003205 muscle Anatomy 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 208000026350 Inborn Genetic disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 8
- 231100000722 genetic damage Toxicity 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000009395 genetic defect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 208000016361 genetic disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000009399 inbreeding Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000036244 malformation Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000001850 reproductive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 210000001550 testis Anatomy 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000002068 genetic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000020997 lean meat Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 claims description 4
- 210000001015 abdomen Anatomy 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 210000004392 genitalia Anatomy 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000036449 good health Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 208000014674 injury Diseases 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000009027 insemination Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000023508 male gonad development Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008774 maternal effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007665 sagging Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 210000003905 vulva Anatomy 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000037303 wrinkles Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009400 out breeding Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 244000144972 livestock Species 0.000 abstract description 2
- 241000282898 Sus scrofa Species 0.000 description 19
- 235000015277 pork Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 235000013372 meat Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 208000035240 Disease Resistance Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009394 selective breeding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003307 slaughter Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/02—Breeding vertebrates
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/80—Food processing, e.g. use of renewable energies or variable speed drives in handling, conveying or stacking
- Y02P60/87—Re-use of by-products of food processing for fodder production
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)
- Measuring Or Testing Involving Enzymes Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a method for culturing a high-quality specialization strain by using a Hua pig, belonging to the technical field of livestock breeding. The method comprises the following steps: 1. selecting the source of the Hua pig and Duroc pig; 2. hybridization of Duroc boars and adult Hua pigs to obtain a progressive first filial generation; 3. hybridization of Duroc boars and first-filial generation sows to obtain progressive hybridization second generation; 4. hybridization of Duroc boars and hybrid second-generation sows to obtain third generation of progressive hybridization; 5. mating Duroc boars and the third generation sows, and mating Duroc sows and the third generation boars to obtain fourth generation hybridization; 6. transversely fixing the advanced hybrid offspring gilts to obtain zero generation; 7. and (3) repeating the step (6) to carry out cross fixed mating in one generation of a year, and carrying out breeding in multiple generations until appearance characteristics of hair colors, body types and the like of offspring groups are orderly and consistent, so as to breed a high-quality specialized strain.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of livestock breeding, and particularly relates to a method for culturing a high-quality specialization strain by using a Hua pig.
Background
China is the first big pork production and consumption country in the world, and the pork yield and consumption amount are about 50% of the world, so that the pork has great production potential and market demand. The Chinese local pig breed has the excellent characteristics of high fertility, strong stress resistance, good meat quality, strong adaptability and the like, is a precious genetic resource, and is an important guarantee for the sustainable development of the Chinese pig industry in the future. However, the method is not suitable for the current consumption demands of China due to the defects of slow growth, long feeding period, low lean meat percentage, low feed return and the like of local pigs, and is gradually marginalized by the market, and the pigs are even endangered in many places. The pig breeding resource is protected, improved and utilized, and the need is felt.
The adult pigs are special local pig breeds in Sichuan and are deeply favored by regional people. The feed has the advantages of long feeding history, strong adaptability, coarse feeding resistance and strong disease resistance. The mature pig has the characteristics of small size, low growth speed, early maturing, easy fertilizer application, high slaughtering rate, thin skin, tender meat and the like. However, the pork quality of the adult pigs is lower, and the pork quality is 43.2%, which can not meet the demand of the current lean type consumer market, so that the pure pork quality is not high in market acceptance and low in economic value.
Meanwhile, the problem of the source of the mature pigs is that with the rising of the production of lean pigs, farmers gradually turn to the foreign ternary pigs with high lean meat percentage and short breeding period. The scale of the pure-bred Hua pig population is drastically reduced, the market of the pure-bred Hua pig is almost in destination, and the pure-bred Hua pig is only kept in a breeding field at present, and the pure-bred Hua pig population is small in scale, high in seed source price and high in introduction cost.
At present, no method for cultivating special complete sets by using the Hua pigs exists in the market, so that the method has certain market potential.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for culturing a high-quality specialization strain by using a Huating pig.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides a method for culturing a high-quality specialization strain by using a Hua pig, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Seed source selection: selecting adult pigs with pure black fur, no variegation, square head, few and shallow frontal wrinkles, thick neck, wide and slightly concave back and waist, round and slightly sagging abdomen, good health status, powerful limb hooves, clear pedigree, no blood-margin relation or low inbreeding coefficient among individuals, and removing harmful genes through gene chip detection, wherein the body type appearance requirements are in line with the variety characteristics;
selecting excellent pure Duroc pigs with good body type development, plump muscles, strong limbs, proper testis size, strong libido and clear pedigree and no blood relationship with each other;
(2) Obtaining a progressive first filial generation: selecting 10 duroc boars and 4-5 adult sow sows for hybridization, selecting the high male parent index duroc boars to hybridize with Cheng Hua sows with good parent reproductive performance through quality selection, and selecting the offspring sows to leave pure black hair, have strong limbs and good production performance, wherein 50 individuals and 10 duroc boars form a first-filial generation breeding core group to serve as progressive filial generation;
(3) Obtaining progressive hybridization second generation: mating the breeding core group Duroc boars with first filial generation sows, mating 4-5 sows with each boar, adopting an artificial insemination technology, considering the genetic coefficient, avoiding inbreeding, and selecting 60 individuals with pure black hair, strong limbs and good production performance from the offspring sows to form a second filial generation breeding core group with 10 Duroc boars, wherein the second filial generation breeding core group is used as a progressive hybridization second generation;
(4) Obtaining three generations of progressive hybridization: the method comprises the steps of breeding a Duroc boar core group and a hybrid second-generation sow, wherein each boar is matched with 5-6 sows, the offspring sows select individuals with pure black hair color, strong limbs and good production performance, and meanwhile, 120 offspring boars with different blood rims and 10 Duroc boars are selected to form a breeding core group as the third generation of progressive hybridization;
(5) Obtaining four generations of progressive hybridization: mating the core group Duroc boars with the third generation sows, and mating 9-10 of the third generation sows with each Duroc boar; simultaneously, the third generation of hybridization boars and the Duroc sows are hybridized, 4-5 Duroc sows are matched with each third generation of progressive hybridization boars, 120 individuals with pure black hair color, firm limbs and good production performance are selected and remained in the offspring sows, 1 excellent pure black boar with each blood margin is selected and remained in each offspring sow, and a breeding core group is formed to serve as a fourth generation of progressive hybridization;
(6) Transversely and fixedly breeding the sows of four generations of advanced hybridization, wherein the offspring sows select 120 individual heads with pure black hair color, firm limbs and good production performance, and each blood margin selects 1 head of excellent pure black boar to form a breeding core group as zero generation;
(7) And (3) repeating the step (6) to carry out cross fixed mating in one generation of a year, and carrying out breeding in multiple generations until appearance characteristics of hair colors, body types and the like of offspring groups are orderly and consistent, so as to breed a high-quality specialized strain.
Preferably, the performance indexes of the high-quality specialization strain are as follows:
the variety features are moderate body type, consistent appearance features, black hair on the whole body, regular head, moderate length of mouth tube, small and drooping ear, thick neck, short waist, wide back and strong limb and hoof;
reproductive performance: 9 first and 12 second weaning pits with initial pit weight not less than 13.1 and kg, initial weaning pit weight 62 and kg, initial pit weight not less than 18.6 and kg, and initial weaning pit weight 75 and kg;
fattening performance: up to 100 kg of age per day 170-180 days, 50-100 kg of weight per day is increased by 850 g;
carcass performance: backfat thickness is less than or equal to 11.8 cm, eye muscle area is 44 cm 2 The lean meat percentage of the carcass is more than or equal to 54 percent.
Preferably, the first and second generation of progressive hybridization use a three-stage selection method, and the three-stage selection method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) Primary selection of 2 months old: selecting individuals with pure black hair, head and neck, wide and straight back and waist and healthy limbs; sow has evenly distributed nipple, more than 6 pairs of individuals without genetic disease and malformation;
(2) Selecting and reserving 2-6 months old: individuals with poor growth and development or appearance and genetic damage are eliminated;
(3) Final selection of 6 months: and estimating the breeding value of the main selection character according to the measured results of individuals and siblings, further calculating a selection index, selecting and reserving according to the index, constructing a core group, and simultaneously requiring that the selected individuals grow well and have no signs.
Preferably, the three-generation progressive hybridization, four-generation progressive hybridization, transverse fixation and generation selective breeding stages adopt a five-stage selection method, and the five-stage selection method comprises the following steps:
(1) Primary selection and retention: selecting individuals with black fur, no foreign hair, no genetic defect and good limb and hoof; more than 7 pairs of nipples of the sow, normal vulva and more than 1.0 kg of birth weight; the boar leg and the hoof are strong, the testis is symmetrical and well developed, and the primary weight is more than 1.3 kg;
(2) And (3) weaning and selecting: selecting individuals with good development, head and neck delicate, wide back and waist, straight back and waist, strong limb and hoof and no appearance; sow requires nipple to be evenly distributed, more than 7 pairs of effective nipple have no genetic disease and malformation; boars require good testis development and forceful limb hoofs, and have good appearance;
(3) 50 kg of selection and retention: sorting the sow maternal index and the male parent index of the boar from high to low, selecting and reserving high-index piglets, and eliminating pigs with the last 10-15% of index rank; meanwhile, the health condition, the development conditions of the limb hooves, the nipple and the external genitalia are taken as the basis for selection and retention;
(4) 50-100 kg of the materials are selected and remained: individuals with poor growth and development or appearance and genetic damage are eliminated;
(5) 100 kg final measurement: when the average weight of the population reaches 100+/-5 kg, carrying out project measurement such as weight, backfat thickness, eye muscle area, phenotype scoring and the like, estimating the breeding value of the main selection character according to the measurement results of individuals and siblings, further calculating a selection index, and selecting and reserving according to the index height to construct a core group;
during the selection process, phenotype selection is throughout, and once pig injury and genetic defect are found, elimination is carried out.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
the method provided by the invention utilizes the adult pigs to cultivate new strains, provides products with delicious meat quality, meets the requirement of consumption diversification, and fills the market blank. Meanwhile, the development and the utilization of local pig species are increased, and the method plays a certain role in protecting genetic resources of the Hua pig population.
Detailed Description
In order to clearly illustrate the technical characteristics of the scheme, the scheme is explained below through a specific embodiment.
Example 1
A method for culturing a high-quality specialization strain by using a Hua pig, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Seed source selection: selecting adult pigs with pure black fur, no variegation, square head, few and shallow frontal wrinkles, thick neck, wide and slightly concave back and waist, round and slightly sagging abdomen, good health status, powerful limb hooves, clear pedigree, no blood-margin relation or low inbreeding coefficient among individuals, and removing harmful genes through gene chip detection, wherein the body type appearance requirements are in line with the variety characteristics;
selecting excellent pure Duroc pigs with good body type development, plump muscles, strong limbs, proper testis size, strong libido and clear pedigree and no blood relationship with each other;
(2) Obtaining a progressive first filial generation: selecting 10 duroc boars and 4 adult sow sows for hybridization, selecting the high male parent index duroc boars to hybridize with Cheng Hua sows with good parent reproductive performance through quality selection, and selecting the offspring sows to select 50 individuals with pure black hair, strong limbs and good production performance and 10 duroc boars to form a first-filial generation breeding core group as a progressive filial generation;
(3) Obtaining progressive hybridization second generation: the breeding core group Duroc boars and the first filial generation sows are used for breeding, each boar is matched with 4 sows, the artificial insemination technology is adopted, the genetic coefficient is considered, the inbreeding is avoided, the offspring sows are selected to leave pure black hair, the limbs are firm, and the individual 60 and 10 Duroc boars with good production performance form a second filial generation breeding core group which is used as a progressive hybridization second generation;
(4) Obtaining three generations of progressive hybridization: the method comprises the steps of breeding a Duroc boar core group and a hybrid second-generation sow, wherein each boar is matched with 5 sows, the offspring sows select and leave individuals with pure black hair color, strong limbs and good production performance, meanwhile, select and leave pure black excellent offspring boars with different blood rims, and the total number of the offspring boars is 120, and the offspring boars and 10 Duroc boars form a breeding core group to be used as the third generation of progressive hybridization;
(5) Obtaining four generations of progressive hybridization: mating the core group Duroc boars with the third generation sows, and mating 9 progressive third generation sows with each Duroc boar; simultaneously, the third generation of hybridization boars and the Duroc sows are hybridized, 4 Duroc sows are matched with each third generation of progressive hybridization boars, 120 individuals with pure black hair color, firm limbs and good production performance are selected from the offspring sows, 1 excellent pure black boar with each blood margin is selected from the offspring sows, and a breeding core group is formed and used as the fourth generation of progressive hybridization;
(6) Transversely and fixedly breeding the sows of four generations of advanced hybridization, wherein the offspring sows select 120 individual heads with pure black hair color, firm limbs and good production performance, and each blood margin selects 1 head of excellent pure black boar to form a breeding core group as zero generation;
(7) And (3) repeating the step (6) to carry out cross fixed mating in one generation of a year, and carrying out breeding in multiple generations until appearance characteristics of hair colors, body types and the like of offspring groups are orderly and consistent, so as to breed a high-quality specialized strain.
The performance indexes of the high-quality specialization strain are as follows:
the variety features are moderate body type, consistent appearance features, black hair on the whole body, regular head, moderate length of mouth tube, small and drooping ear, thick neck, short waist, wide back and strong limb and hoof;
reproductive performance: 9 first and 12 second weaning pits with initial pit weight not less than 13.1 and kg, initial weaning pit weight 62 and kg, initial pit weight not less than 18.6 and kg, and initial weaning pit weight 75 and kg;
fattening performance: up to 100 kg of age per day 170-180 days, 50-100 kg of weight per day is increased by 850 g;
carcass performance: backfat thickness is less than or equal to 11.8 cm, eye muscle area is 44 cm 2 The lean meat percentage of the carcass is more than or equal to 54%;
the first generation of the progressive hybridization and the second generation of the progressive hybridization adopt a three-stage selection method, and the specific steps of the three-stage selection method are as follows:
(1) Primary selection of 2 months old: selecting individuals with pure black hair, head and neck, wide and straight back and waist and healthy limbs; sow has evenly distributed nipple, more than 6 pairs of individuals without genetic disease and malformation;
(2) Selecting and reserving 2-6 months old: individuals with poor growth and development or appearance and genetic damage are eliminated;
(3) Final selection of 6 months: estimating the breeding value of the main selection character according to the measured results of individuals and siblings, further calculating a selection index, selecting and reserving according to the index, constructing a core group, and simultaneously requiring that the selected individuals grow well and have no signs;
the three-generation progressive hybridization, the four-generation progressive hybridization, the transverse fixation and the generation breeding stages adopt a five-stage selection method, and the five-stage selection method comprises the following steps:
(1) Primary selection and retention: selecting individuals with black fur, no foreign hair, no genetic defect and good limb and hoof; more than 7 pairs of nipples of the sow, normal vulva and more than 1.0 kg of birth weight; the boar leg and the hoof are strong, the testis is symmetrical and well developed, and the primary weight is more than 1.3 kg;
(2) And (3) weaning and selecting: selecting individuals with good development, head and neck delicate, wide back and waist, straight back and waist, strong limb and hoof and no appearance; sow requires nipple to be evenly distributed, more than 7 pairs of effective nipple have no genetic disease and malformation; boars require good testis development and forceful limb hoofs, and have good appearance;
(3) 50 kg of selection and retention: sorting the sow maternal index and the male parent index of the boar from high to low, selecting and reserving high-index piglets, and eliminating pigs with the last 10-15% of index rank; meanwhile, the health condition, the development conditions of the limb hooves, the nipple and the external genitalia are taken as the basis for selection and retention;
(4) 50-100 kg of the materials are selected and remained: individuals with poor growth and development or appearance and genetic damage are eliminated;
(5) 100 kg final measurement: when the average weight of the population reaches 100+/-5 kg, carrying out project measurement such as weight, backfat thickness, eye muscle area, phenotype scoring and the like, estimating the breeding value of the main selection character according to the measurement results of individuals and siblings, further calculating a selection index, and selecting and reserving according to the index height to construct a core group;
during the selection process, phenotype selection is throughout, and once pig injury and genetic defect are found, elimination is carried out.
Example 2
A method for culturing a high-quality specialization strain by using a Hua pig, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Seed source selection: selecting adult pigs with pure black fur, no variegation, square head, few and shallow frontal wrinkles, thick neck, wide and slightly concave back and waist, round and slightly sagging abdomen, good health status, powerful limb hooves, clear pedigree, no blood-margin relation or low inbreeding coefficient among individuals, and removing harmful genes through gene chip detection, wherein the body type appearance requirements are in line with the variety characteristics;
selecting excellent pure Duroc pigs with good body type development, plump muscles, strong limbs, proper testis size, strong libido and clear pedigree and no blood relationship with each other;
(2) Obtaining a progressive first filial generation: selecting 10 Duroc boars and 5 adult sow sows for hybridization, selecting the Duroc boars with high male parent index for hybridization with Cheng Hua sow with good parent reproductive performance through quality selection, and selecting the offspring sow to leave pure black hair, have strong limbs and good production performance, wherein 50 individuals and 10 Duroc boars form a first-filial generation breeding core group as a progressive filial generation;
(3) Obtaining progressive hybridization second generation: mating the breeding core group Duroc boars with first-filial generation sows, mating 5 sows with each boar, adopting an artificial insemination technology, considering the genetic coefficient, avoiding inbreeding, and selecting 60 individuals with pure black hair, firm limbs and good production performance from the offspring sows to form a second-filial generation breeding core group with 10 Duroc boars, wherein the second-filial generation breeding core group is used as a progressive hybridization second generation;
(4) Obtaining three generations of progressive hybridization: the method comprises the steps of breeding a Duroc boar core group and a hybrid second-generation sow, wherein each boar is matched with 6 sows, the offspring sows select and leave individuals with pure black hair color, strong limbs and good production performance, and meanwhile select and leave pure black excellent offspring boars with different blood rims, 120 offspring boars are combined with 10 Duroc boars to form a breeding core group to serve as the third generation of progressive hybridization;
(5) Obtaining four generations of progressive hybridization: mating the core group Duroc boars with the third generation sows, wherein each Duroc boar is matched with 10 third generation sows; simultaneously, the third generation of hybridization boars and the Duroc sows are hybridized, 5 Duroc sows are matched with each third generation of progressive hybridization boars, 120 individuals with pure black hair color, firm limbs and good production performance are selected from the offspring sows, 1 excellent pure black boar with each blood margin is selected from the offspring sows, and a breeding core group is formed and used as the fourth generation of progressive hybridization;
(6) Transversely and fixedly breeding the sows of four generations of advanced hybridization, wherein the offspring sows select 120 individual heads with pure black hair color, firm limbs and good production performance, and each blood margin selects 1 head of excellent pure black boar to form a breeding core group as zero generation;
(7) And (3) repeating the step (6) to carry out cross fixed mating in one generation of a year, and carrying out breeding in multiple generations until appearance characteristics of hair colors, body types and the like of offspring groups are orderly and consistent, so as to breed a high-quality specialized strain.
The performance indexes of the high-quality specialization strain are as follows:
the variety features are moderate body type, consistent appearance features, black hair on the whole body, regular head, moderate length of mouth tube, small and drooping ear, thick neck, short waist, wide back and strong limb and hoof;
reproductive performance: 9 first and 12 second weaning pits with initial pit weight not less than 13.1 and kg, initial weaning pit weight 62 and kg, initial pit weight not less than 18.6 and kg, and initial weaning pit weight 75 and kg;
fattening performance: up to 100 kg of age per day 170-180 days, 50-100 kg of weight per day is increased by 850 g;
carcass performance: the backfat thickness is less than or equal to 11.8 and cm, the eye muscle area is 44 cm < 2 >, and the carcass lean meat percentage is more than or equal to 54%;
the first generation of the progressive hybridization and the second generation of the progressive hybridization adopt a three-stage selection method, and the specific steps of the three-stage selection method are as follows:
(1) Primary selection of 2 months old: selecting individuals with pure black hair, head and neck, wide and straight back and waist and healthy limbs; sow has evenly distributed nipple, more than 6 pairs of individuals without genetic disease and malformation;
(2) Selecting and reserving 2-6 months old: individuals with poor growth and development or appearance and genetic damage are eliminated;
(3) Final selection of 6 months: estimating the breeding value of the main selection character according to the measured results of individuals and siblings, further calculating a selection index, selecting and reserving according to the index, constructing a core group, and simultaneously requiring that the selected individuals grow well and have no signs;
the three-generation progressive hybridization, the four-generation progressive hybridization, the transverse fixation and the generation breeding stages adopt a five-stage selection method, and the five-stage selection method comprises the following steps:
(1) Primary selection and retention: selecting individuals with black fur, no foreign hair, no genetic defect and good limb and hoof; more than 7 pairs of nipples of the sow, normal vulva and more than 1.0 kg of birth weight; the boar leg and the hoof are strong, the testis is symmetrical and well developed, and the primary weight is more than 1.3 kg;
(2) And (3) weaning and selecting: selecting individuals with good development, head and neck delicate, wide back and waist, straight back and waist, strong limb and hoof and no appearance; sow requires nipple to be evenly distributed, more than 7 pairs of effective nipple have no genetic disease and malformation; boars require good testis development and forceful limb hoofs, and have good appearance;
(3) 50 kg of selection and retention: sorting the sow maternal index and the male parent index of the boar from high to low, selecting and reserving high-index piglets, and eliminating pigs with the last 10-15% of index rank; meanwhile, the health condition, the development conditions of the limb hooves, the nipple and the external genitalia are taken as the basis for selection and retention;
(4) 50-100 kg of the materials are selected and remained: individuals with poor growth and development or appearance and genetic damage are eliminated;
(5) 100 kg final measurement: when the average weight of the population reaches 100+/-5 kg, carrying out project measurement such as weight, backfat thickness, eye muscle area, phenotype scoring and the like, estimating the breeding value of the main selection character according to the measurement results of individuals and siblings, further calculating a selection index, and selecting and reserving according to the index height to construct a core group;
during the selection process, phenotype selection is throughout, and once pig injury and genetic defect are found, elimination is carried out.
The technical features of the present invention that are not described in the present invention may be implemented by or using the prior art, and are not described in detail herein, but the above description is not intended to limit the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the above examples, but is also intended to be within the scope of the present invention by those skilled in the art.
Claims (1)
1. A method for culturing a high quality specialised strain using a Hua pig, the method comprising the steps of:
(1) Seed source selection: selecting adult pigs with pure black fur, no variegation, square head, few and shallow frontal wrinkles, thick neck, wide and slightly concave back and waist, round and slightly sagging abdomen, good health status, powerful limb hooves, clear pedigree, no blood-margin relation or low inbreeding coefficient among individuals, and removing harmful genes through gene chip detection, wherein the body type appearance requirements are in line with the variety characteristics;
selecting excellent pure Duroc pigs with good body type development, plump muscles, strong limbs, proper testis size, strong libido and clear pedigree and no blood relationship with each other;
(2) Obtaining a progressive first filial generation: selecting 10 duroc boars and 4-5 adult sow sows for hybridization, selecting the high male parent index duroc boars to hybridize with Cheng Hua sows with good parent reproductive performance through quality selection, and selecting the offspring sows to leave pure black hair, have strong limbs and good production performance, wherein 50 individuals and 10 duroc boars form a first-filial generation breeding core group to serve as progressive filial generation;
(3) Obtaining progressive hybridization second generation: mating the breeding core group Duroc boars with first filial generation sows, mating 4-5 sows with each boar, adopting an artificial insemination technology, considering the genetic coefficient, avoiding inbreeding, and selecting 60 individuals with pure black hair, strong limbs and good production performance from the offspring sows to form a second filial generation breeding core group with 10 Duroc boars, wherein the second filial generation breeding core group is used as a progressive hybridization second generation;
(4) Obtaining three generations of progressive hybridization: the method comprises the steps of breeding a Duroc boar core group and a hybrid second-generation sow, wherein each boar is matched with 5-6 sows, the offspring sows select individuals with pure black hair color, strong limbs and good production performance, and meanwhile, 120 offspring boars with different blood rims and 10 Duroc boars are selected to form a breeding core group as the third generation of progressive hybridization;
(5) Obtaining four generations of progressive hybridization: mating the core group Duroc boars with the third generation sows, and mating 9-10 of the third generation sows with each Duroc boar; simultaneously, the third generation of hybridization boars and the Duroc sows are hybridized, 4-5 Duroc sows are matched with each third generation of progressive hybridization boars, 120 individuals with pure black hair color, firm limbs and good production performance are selected and remained in the offspring sows, 1 excellent pure black boar with each blood margin is selected and remained in each offspring sow, and a breeding core group is formed to serve as a fourth generation of progressive hybridization;
(6) Transversely and fixedly breeding the sows of four generations of advanced hybridization, wherein the offspring sows select 120 individual heads with pure black hair color, firm limbs and good production performance, and each blood margin selects 1 head of excellent pure black boar to form a breeding core group as zero generation;
(7) Repeating the step 6, carrying out cross-over fixed mating in one generation of a year, and breeding in multiple generations until the hair colors and the body type appearance characteristics of offspring groups are orderly and consistent, so as to breed a high-quality specialization strain;
the performance indexes of the high-quality specialization strain are as follows:
the variety features are moderate body type, consistent appearance features, black hair on the whole body, regular head, moderate length of mouth tube, small and drooping ear, thick neck, short waist, wide back and strong limb and hoof;
reproductive performance: 9 first and 12 second weaning pits with initial pit weight not less than 13.1 and kg, initial weaning pit weight 62 and kg, initial pit weight not less than 18.6 and kg, and initial weaning pit weight 75 and kg;
fattening performance: up to 100 kg of age per day 170-180 days, 50-100 kg of weight per day is increased by 850 g;
carcass performance: backfat thickness is less than or equal to 11.8 cm, eye muscle area is 44 cm 2 The lean meat percentage of the carcass is more than or equal to 54%;
the first and second generation of progressive hybridization adopts a three-stage selection method, and the three-stage selection method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) Primary selection of 2 months old: selecting individuals with pure black hair, head and neck, wide and straight back and waist and healthy limbs; sow has evenly distributed nipple, more than 6 pairs of individuals without genetic disease and malformation;
(2) Selecting and reserving 2-6 months old: individuals with poor growth and development or appearance and genetic damage are eliminated;
(3) Final selection of 6 months: estimating the breeding value of the main selection character according to the measured results of individuals and siblings, further calculating a selection index, selecting and reserving according to the index, constructing a core group, and simultaneously requiring that the selected individuals grow well and have no signs;
the three-generation progressive hybridization, four-generation progressive hybridization, transverse fixation and generation breeding stages adopt a five-stage selection method, and the five-stage selection method comprises the following steps:
(1) Primary selection and retention: selecting individuals with black fur, no foreign hair, no genetic defect and good limb and hoof; more than 7 pairs of nipples of the sow, normal vulva and more than 1.0 kg of birth weight; the boar leg and the hoof are strong, the testis is symmetrical and well developed, and the primary weight is more than 1.3 kg;
(2) And (3) weaning and selecting: selecting individuals with good development, head and neck delicate, wide back and waist, straight back and waist, strong limb and hoof and no appearance; sow requires nipple to be evenly distributed, more than 7 pairs of effective nipple have no genetic disease and malformation; boars require good testis development and forceful limb hoofs, and have good appearance;
(3) 50 kg of selection and retention: sorting the sow maternal index and the male parent index of the boar from high to low, selecting and reserving high-index piglets, and eliminating pigs with the last 10-15% of index rank; meanwhile, the health condition, the development conditions of the limb hooves, the nipple and the external genitalia are taken as the basis for selection and retention;
(4) 50-100 kg of the materials are selected and remained: individuals with poor growth and development or appearance and genetic damage are eliminated;
(5) 100 kg final measurement: when the average weight of the population reaches 100+/-5 kg, measuring weight, backfat thickness, eye muscle area and phenotype scoring items, estimating the breeding value of the main selection character according to the measured results of individuals and siblings, further calculating a selection index, and selecting and reserving according to the index height to construct a core population;
during the selection process, phenotype selection is throughout, and once pig injury and genetic defect are found, elimination is carried out.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210419119.7A CN114868702B (en) | 2022-04-21 | 2022-04-21 | Method for culturing high-quality specialization strain by using Hua pigs |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210419119.7A CN114868702B (en) | 2022-04-21 | 2022-04-21 | Method for culturing high-quality specialization strain by using Hua pigs |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN114868702A CN114868702A (en) | 2022-08-09 |
| CN114868702B true CN114868702B (en) | 2023-12-22 |
Family
ID=82672403
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210419119.7A Active CN114868702B (en) | 2022-04-21 | 2022-04-21 | Method for culturing high-quality specialization strain by using Hua pigs |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN114868702B (en) |
Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1998015837A1 (en) * | 1996-10-07 | 1998-04-16 | Meat And Livestock Commission | Assay for duroc muscle fibre type |
| CN101139594A (en) * | 2007-07-27 | 2008-03-12 | 华中农业大学 | Clone of porcine reproductive description related gene ZAR1 and its application in marker auxiliary selection |
| CN102106296A (en) * | 2011-03-01 | 2011-06-29 | 安徽农业大学 | Method for cultivating novel Dingyuan pig breed |
| CN107156026A (en) * | 2017-04-24 | 2017-09-15 | 浙江美保龙种猪育种有限公司 | A kind of selection of big build Duroc new lines |
| CN107821314A (en) * | 2017-11-08 | 2018-03-23 | 四川省畜牧科学研究院 | A kind of method for cultivating high-quality specialized strain using pig is hidden |
| CN110973051A (en) * | 2019-11-26 | 2020-04-10 | 中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所 | Method for producing white feather meat ducks with high lean meat percentage and low sebum percentage |
| CN111041007A (en) * | 2019-12-04 | 2020-04-21 | 上海润日生物科技发展有限公司 | Preparation method of superoxide dismutase |
| CN112210608A (en) * | 2020-09-10 | 2021-01-12 | 四川农业大学 | Rapid and accurate fixing method for hair color character of new variety of bred black pigs and application |
-
2022
- 2022-04-21 CN CN202210419119.7A patent/CN114868702B/en active Active
Patent Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1998015837A1 (en) * | 1996-10-07 | 1998-04-16 | Meat And Livestock Commission | Assay for duroc muscle fibre type |
| CN101139594A (en) * | 2007-07-27 | 2008-03-12 | 华中农业大学 | Clone of porcine reproductive description related gene ZAR1 and its application in marker auxiliary selection |
| CN102106296A (en) * | 2011-03-01 | 2011-06-29 | 安徽农业大学 | Method for cultivating novel Dingyuan pig breed |
| CN107156026A (en) * | 2017-04-24 | 2017-09-15 | 浙江美保龙种猪育种有限公司 | A kind of selection of big build Duroc new lines |
| CN107821314A (en) * | 2017-11-08 | 2018-03-23 | 四川省畜牧科学研究院 | A kind of method for cultivating high-quality specialized strain using pig is hidden |
| CN110973051A (en) * | 2019-11-26 | 2020-04-10 | 中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所 | Method for producing white feather meat ducks with high lean meat percentage and low sebum percentage |
| CN111041007A (en) * | 2019-12-04 | 2020-04-21 | 上海润日生物科技发展有限公司 | Preparation method of superoxide dismutase |
| CN112210608A (en) * | 2020-09-10 | 2021-01-12 | 四川农业大学 | Rapid and accurate fixing method for hair color character of new variety of bred black pigs and application |
Non-Patent Citations (6)
| Title |
|---|
| 商品瘦肉猪优良杂交组合评选及其方法的研究;张俊生;四川农业大学学报;第211-223页 * |
| 川乡黑猪杂交试验研究;陶璇等;中国畜牧杂志;第214-217页 * |
| 张云影等.塑料暖棚养猪技术.金盾出版社,2005,第73-74页. * |
| 湘沙猪配套系专门化品系胴体品质、肉质性状和必需氨基酸评分的比较与分析;张兴等;养猪;第65-68页 * |
| 瘦肉猪专门化父系杜洛克猪杂交配套利用研究;林小伟,刘君锡,吕学斌,何志平,付茂忠,曾凯;四川畜牧兽医(02);全文 * |
| 种猪场现场选育测定流程;昝立新;尹清波;;现代畜牧兽医(07);第27-30页 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN114868702A (en) | 2022-08-09 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN101828539B (en) | Method for breeding Sujiang pig variety | |
| CN102106296B (en) | Method for cultivating novel Dingyuan pig breed | |
| CN107182927B (en) | Breeding method of high-quality white pig complete set line | |
| CN1871903B (en) | Method for breed porker by using Changbai mountain wild boar as male parent and Songliao black pig as female parent | |
| CN109717150B (en) | Breeding method of multiparous meat sheep variety | |
| CN107821314A (en) | A kind of method for cultivating high-quality specialized strain using pig is hidden | |
| CN104381203B (en) | The selection of the double; two flesh buttocks new lines of LargeYorkshire | |
| CN111418550B (en) | Breeding method of high-yield breeding pigs | |
| CN108770776B (en) | Breeding method of lean-type high-quality breeding pigs | |
| CN108739656A (en) | A kind of quaternary lean meat pig breeding method | |
| CN106614356B (en) | Method for breeding Sumei black pigs | |
| CN102511448A (en) | Suhuai pig breeding method | |
| CN108419756A (en) | A kind of Ba Huai pig breeding methods | |
| CN104285884A (en) | Culture method of new Shanxi white pig variety | |
| CN103734079B (en) | The mating system selective breeding method of Market pigs | |
| CN104719255A (en) | Cultivation method for new black pig varieties | |
| CN111466340A (en) | Breeding method and application of new multi-lamb strain with high reproductive capacity | |
| CN108935304A (en) | A kind of cross breeding method of the black pig of Yangze river and Huai river | |
| CN109362647B (en) | Low-cost small high-quality broiler chicken matched seed production method | |
| CN109479812B (en) | Method for evaluating comprehensive fertility of sow and application of method in pig breeding | |
| CN108990898B (en) | Commercial pig matched line breeding method, suckling pig and roasted suckling pig | |
| CN110235850B (en) | Yimeng black mountain wool series cultivation method | |
| CN109463348B (en) | Breeding method of five-line hybridization matched lean type breeding pigs | |
| CN114868702B (en) | Method for culturing high-quality specialization strain by using Hua pigs | |
| CN105123610B (en) | A kind of hybridization production method of high-quality meat pig |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |