CN104719255A - Cultivation method for new black pig varieties - Google Patents
Cultivation method for new black pig varieties Download PDFInfo
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- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; CARE OF BIRDS, FISHES, INSECTS; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
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Abstract
The invention provides a cultivation method for new black pig varieties. The cultivation method is characterized in that by the adoption of a two-way cross mode of Duroc boars and Taoyuan black pig sows, Duroc-Taoyuan F1 is synthesized and cultivated to serve as breeding materials, based on crossing fixation, locked breeding and continuous progeny selection are implemented, a generation is finished a year, and moderate generation overlapping is allowed. In the breeding process, locked breeding is implemented, groups are regenerated, first-time pigs are reserved for seed stocks, a generation is finished a year, the boar blood relationship is kept, the excellent characteristics of the boars serving as families and the excellent characteristics of the sows are inherited and fully expanded in later generations, and the excellent new black pig varieties are cultivated.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to livestock and poultry rearing new variety, refer in particular to a kind of breeding method of black pig new varieties.
Background technology
Any one pig kind, along with the progress of science and technology and the raising of seed selection degree, plants matter performance and is also constantly improved or improve.The black pig in the Land of Peach Blossoms, originates in Taoyuan county, Hunan Province, is distributed in the western Hunan one band, and be characterized in entirely black by hair, build is medium, and physique is healthy and strong, and reproductive performance is good, crude feed tolerance, strong adaptability, strong stress resistance, and meat is excellent, is valuable local pig breed resource.In order to develop and use this pig resources better, Taoyuan county livestock and poultry seed farm and bureau of animal husbandry of Hunan Province are once in " eight or five " (1991-1995) and " 95 " (1996-2000) period, under the project verification of the State Scientific and Technological Commission of Hunan Province emphasis key scientific and technological projects is supported, carry out " new Land of Peach Blossoms pig " election effects work.This problem have passed the provincial assessment of result of the Committee of Experts's qualification organized by Science and Technology Department of Hunan Province in December, 1997, its seed selection achievement reaches the top standard of domestic similar research (new varieties containing 50% local pig blood relationship seed selection), and wherein litter size, meat reach international most advanced level (Hunan section mirror No. 139th, word [1997]).This achievement, after qualification is checked and accepted, adheres to that lasting selection and popularization is applied, in the 1998 Nian Huo Hunan Province scientific and technological progress first prizes and Hu-nan's agriculture scientific and technological progress special award.In order to implement, perform " planting livestock and poultry management rules ", promote that the standardization of new Land of Peach Blossoms pig new varieties is produced further, by livestock and poultry species validation board of Hunan Province, variety certification was given and the black pig in called after Hunan to " new Land of Peach Blossoms pig " in 1999.But after 1999, Taoyuan county livestock and poultry seed farm due to funds shortage, the factors such as system is delayed, this achievement is not is not develop and useedd well, result in the black pig blood relationship in Hunan and quantity and reduces, to core group boar in 2004 only 39, blood relationship 6, conservation work is stepped into difficult condition.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of by hair black, ear be of moderate size slightly turn forward, physique is healthy and strong, the back of the body is straight, leg stern is plentiful, four limbs are sturdy, the black pig new varieties of coffin black.
For achieving the above object, technical scheme provided by the present invention is: a kind of breeding method of black pig new varieties, and described culture method, with the two-way cross pattern of the black pig sow of Duroc boars and the Land of Peach Blossoms, synthesizes and cultivates Du Tao F
1as breeding material, on the basis that traversed by is fixing, implement locking breeding, Systematic Breeding, 1 year generation, allow appropriate generation overlap; Wherein,
1), sow seed selection, from black pig original producton location Suprapubic arch sling litter size more than 14 brood piglet in select young sow to cultivate, more therefrom have chosen have more extensive blood relationship source 59 replacement gilts constitute black pig breeding parent flock;
2), boar is chosen seeds, with the seminal fluid of 10 boars of American Duroc pig original seed high-performance, not consanguine 10 familys composition breeding parent gene pool;
3), adopt artificial insemination mode, hybridize with the parent flock sow divided into groups by blood relationship respectively, its F
1the black pig seed selection zero of generation composition from generation to generation, zero each family from generation to generation be keep affinity-less relation as far as possible between ancestral boar and sow, make colony's blood relationship wide, genotype is enriched, to make full use of the probability that genetic recombination occurs to improve beneficial gene;
4), traversed by fixing after, respectively hair color test cross has been carried out to male and female pig, has rejected that to produce the male and female pig that piglet hair color is seriously separated individual, started next breeding, for black isozygotying of pig black hair gene is laid a good foundation from generation to generation;
5), at Du Tao F
1on the basis of colony, then introduce 2 boars of the black pig in Hunan 2 familys, thus make breeding group keep 12 familys; In Breeding Process, implement locking and breed, swarm robotic system, first tire is reserved seed for planting, and within 1 year, completes a generation, keeps boar blood relationship, make boar in progeny population, be able to heredity and fully expansion as the merit of family and the merit of sow, namely cultivate excellent black pig new varieties.
The present invention, with the two-way cross pattern of the black pig sow of Duroc boars and the Land of Peach Blossoms, synthesizes and cultivates Du Tao F
1as breeding material, on the basis that traversed by is fixing, implement locking breeding, Systematic Breeding.1 year generation, allow appropriate generation overlap.Under the metastable prerequisite of breeding condition, seed selection principle is that phenotype association index is selected.
Black pig seed selection in 2010 is to the 5th generation, and heritability is stablized, and physique is solid, and leg stern is plentiful, and varietal characteristic is obvious.Growth replacement gilt 6 monthly age body weight: boar 83.10kg, sow 88.05kg; Litter size: primiparity 11.09, multiparity 13.27; Store pig: daily gain 696.32g, feed-weight ratio value 3.26,90kg body weight age in days 175.33 days; Trunk meat: lean meat percentage 59.83%, intramuscular fat content 4.20%; 24 monthly age boar body weight: boar 262.74kg, sow 187.38kg; Seed selection work effect is remarkable.Through large area practice test, the masses generally reflect that Hunan black pig sow physique is large, strong adaptability, crude feed tolerance, and lower than external breeding pig to feed request, farrowing is many, and primiparity, generally more than 10, much higherly reaches 18.Hybridize with Yorkshire Pigs or Landrace, ternary market pig is hard to tell which is better outward for the performance level of binary market pig and DLY.
Embodiment
The invention will be further described below,
The establishment of underlying group
From Hei Zhu protection zone, the Land of Peach Blossoms, Taoyuan county, Hei Zhu original producton location, the Land of Peach Blossoms Suprapubic arch sling litter size more than 14 brood piglet in select young sow to cultivate, more therefrom have chosen have more extensive blood relationship source 59 replacement gilts constitute black pig breeding parent flock.With the seminal fluid composition breeding parent gene pool of 10 boars of the American Duroc pig original seed generation high-performance boar introduced in 2005 from the U.S. from Hunan right overhead seed farm, not consanguine 10 familys.From right overhead 10 American Duroc pig boars except its inbreeding coefficient of individuality that 1 is half-sib mating be except 0.25, other inbreeding coefficient is 0.00, and according to the data of the U.S.'s pedigree of itself, the performance indications of statistics are as table 1.
the statistics N=10 head of the pedigree data of table 1 American Duroc pig boar performance
Note: draw from U.S. WOLDO FARMS for 1.2005 years; 2.EPD means estimated breeding value.
The seminal fluid per stirpes grouping of this gene pool, adopts artificial insemination mode, hybridizes respectively, its F with the parent flock sow divided into groups by blood relationship
1the black pig seed selection zero of generation composition from generation to generation.Zero each family from generation to generation be keep affinity-less relation as far as possible between ancestral boar and sow, make colony's blood relationship wide, genotype is enriched, to make full use of genetic recombination to the probability improving beneficial gene and occur and don't as the adverse consequences causing inbreeding.After traversed by is fixing, hair color test cross is carried out to male and female pig, rejected the male and female pig individuality producing piglet hair color and be seriously separated, start breeding, for black isozygotying of pig black hair gene is laid a good foundation of next generation.At Du Tao F
1on the basis of colony, then introduce 2 boars of the black pig in former Hunan 2 familys, thus make breeding group keep 12 familys.
Breed dirction and varietal characteristic and main economic and technical indices
Main moderate with growth rate, the price of deed is better, litter size is many, lean meat percentage is higher, meat is excellent, appearance traits to meet kind with require and without irritability syndrome, PSE meat, DFD meat etc. for according to determining Breed dirction, varietal characteristic and standards of grading are as table 2, and breeding objective is as table 3.
Table 2 black pig seed selection appearance standards of grading
Table 3 black pig seed selection main economic and technical indices desired value
Note: the thickness of backfat means the back-fat thickness of 6-7 intercostal
Swarm robotic system seed selection
In Breeding Process, use quantitative inheritance theoretical direction all the time, implement locking and breed, swarm robotic system, first tire is reserved seed for planting, and within 1 year, completes a generation.Keep boar blood relationship, make boar in progeny population, be able to heredity and fully expansion as the merit of family and the merit of sow, bred by individual choice and colony, the proterties of selection is improved.Such as, carcass lean meat percentage is by the selection of 5 generations, and V than I improve 3.08 percentage points from generation to generation from generation to generation, and average each generation improves 0.77 percentage point.
Based on individual choice, carry out Comprehensive Assessment in conjunction with sib testing
Each generation of seed selection has carried out compatriot and has fattened mensuration and carcass quality mensuration.Utilize contrast the same period, Comprehensive Assessment is individual for choosing.Also the effect of selection of each generation is examined while carrying out measuring.The result of sib testing from generation to generation shows that daily gain, feed-weight ratio value, lean meat percentage all have obvious genetic changec with progress from generation to generation.
Utilization multiple selection index is chosen seeds
According to 6 monthly age daily gain (P
1) and with the carcass lean meat percentage (P of 6 monthly age body weight, height, body length, chest measurement, abdominal circumference, leg hip circumference, 3 back-fat thicknesses (adopt pen type to survey fat chi to measure, measurement site is that omoplate trailing edge, most aft rib and hip tubercle leading edge etc. 3 are apart from dorsal line 3 ~ 5cm about 3 finger place) isophenous value estimation
2) etc. two proterties, in conjunction with Trait heritability parameter and relatively economical importance, formulate multiple selection index I=0.1179P
1+ 0.9427P
2.Adopt this multiple selection index as one of seed selection factor, to 6 the monthly age replacement gilt carry out individual choice.
Seed selection and seed selection program
Seed selection is according to seed selection factors such as appearance, blood relationship and multiple selection indexs, qualified with on the basis of family blood relationship in appearance scoring, then selects and remain according to index height to growth replacement gilt.Male and female reserves seed for planting rate as table 4 from generation to generation.
Rate of reserving seed for planting between table 4 black pig seed selection from generation to generation
Implement three choosing system seed selections, seed selection programs such as selecting and grow the mensuration choosing of standby phase is again cultivated in primary election in nest, growth: (1) in 7 ~ 14 ages in days, have deformity, hernia, hair color to brood piglet and the genetic defect person such as to be seriously separated, young boar all also lists non-kind record in delivery room castration, young sow; (2), when 50 ~ 70kg body weight, to brood middle appearance traits, growing is bred as preferably grower pigs and selects and remain and be no less than 1 male 2 mothers and measure observation further; (3) the selection index of statistical survey group 6 monthly age individuality one by one, through selection index sequence with carry out in conjunction with situ appraisal front selection of breeding.
Utilize generation overlap, improve the frequency of excellent genes in colony
On the basis of following swarm robotic system, appropriate generation overlap principle, take the incomplete random mating substantially avoiding full sibs, half sibs, implement locking breeding.And utilize generation overlap fully to expand the frequency of excellent genes in colony, in concrete operations, the overlapping sow number of strict control is no more than 15% of Population.Like this, neither affect generation advance, accelerate again the genetic changec of Breeding Traits, control inbreeding speed simultaneously, play very good effect.
Seed selection result (in December, 2011, the 5th from generation to generation)
Population
The Population of current black pig has reached variety certification basic standard, and (1 seed farm+1+8, protospecies breeding field breeding field) has breeding sow 1800 bull, stock boar 80.
The population structure of seed farm (breeding station) and protospecies breeding field is 12 blood lineages, livestock on hand breeding boar 63, sow 900.Wherein black pig seed farm (black pig breeding field) has boar 35, sow 300; There are boar 28, sow 600 in black pig protospecies breeding field (black pig protospecies breeding field);
Black pig breeding field 8, has boar 17, sow 910, in table 5.
Table 5 breeding field basic condition table
Appearance traits
Black pig is by hair black (allowing limb, nose and tail end to have a little assorted hair), and physique is compact solid.Back of the body waist is straight, and chest breadth is dark, and leg stern is more plentiful.Head is of moderate size, face nick, and medium slightly setting of ear is leaned forward.Four limbs are sturdy, and hoof matter is solid.Nipple is elongated, arranges well-balanced, effective nipple more than 14 pieces.
Add up by redness, bronzing and hidden bar colour sorting according to the hair color that black pig farrowing is recorded, I to the generation V from generation to generation, and hair color is yellow, red rate is down to 1.56% by 20.32%, and hidden bar rate is down to 6.01% by 11.19%, and total variegated rate is down to 7.57%, in table 6 by 31.51%.It is pointed out that the hidden bar look of piglet can increase along with age in days and disappear gradually and disappear.
The statistics of the table 6 black pig newborn piglet off-color marking frequency of occurrences
Population genetic relationships
According to farrowing record, by from generation to generation by individually having carried out the statistical analysis of inbreeding coefficient, almost affinity-less relation between individuality within each generation of low generation, just start there is significant change to generation IV affiliation, IV to VI coefficient of consanguinity and inbreeding coefficient rise to 6.882% and 3.441%, in table 7 by 4.124% and 2.062% respectively from generation to generation from generation to generation.
The statistics of table 7 black pig generation IV to generation VI colony's coefficient of consanguinity and inbreeding coefficient
Growth Traits
Black pig growth replacement gilt, in growth and development stage, with body weight 60kg for boundary, is divided into 20 ~ 60kg and later stage 60 ~ 90kg two breeding phases in earlier stage.Corresponding dietary nutritional standard, digestible energy (MJ/kg): early stage 12.55, later stage 12.12; Crude protein (%): early stage 16, later stage 14.Under this raise competence, the colony of each growth performance from generation to generation of seed selection group cultivates achievement as table 8.
Table 8 black pig growth replacement gilt 6 monthly age proterties statistics
In Breeding Progress, Growth Traits reflects following Breeding Characteristics.
Weight and body chi and live traits
Black pig growth replacement gilt 5 monthly ages generation 6 select and remain rate respectively under the seed selection condition of boar 17.54%, 26.09%, 23.08%, 27.19%, 18.46% and sow 50.22%, 57.42%, 51.49%, 52.12%, 49.06%, group phenotypic value of selecting and remain to the generation V reaches respectively: boar body weight 95.08kg, the wide 39.67cm of height 69.08cm. body, the long 123.53cm of body, chest measurement 111.42cm, abdominal circumference 113.33cm, leg hip circumference 85.25cm, 3 average thick 2.18cm of back fat, carcass lean meat percentage live body estimated value 59.98%, multiple selection index 118.01; Sow body weight 94.56kg, height 68.12cm, the wide 36.48cm of body, body long 125.58cm. chest measurement 113.90cm, abdominal circumference 115.65cm, leg hip circumference 82.84cm, 3 average thick 2.46cm of back fat, lean meat percentage live body estimates side value 58.0%, multiple selection index 115.83.
Continued 8 black pig growth replacement gilt 6 monthly age proterties statistics
The dominance that the relative boar of sow grows
Black pig growth replacement gilt live traits value always maintains certain difference between sex in from generation to generation, and the situation of growing showing boar is more weak than sow.Causing the main cause of this phenomenon, is the hypersexuality of boar, and early stage just mounting of growing is not stopped, and consumes physical efficiency, have impact on weightening finish.
The genetic progress of selection index
Growth replacement gilt live traits with from generation to generation increase the trend presenting and progressively improve.Boar selection index value, by 103.26, proceeds to from generation to generation V 110.54, improves 7.28, and the group that selects and remain, by 108.84, proceeds to from generation to generation V 118.01, improves 9.17.Sow selection index, by 107.18, proceeds to from generation to generation V 112.29, improves 5.11, and the group that selects and remain, by 109.96, proceeds to from generation to generation V 115.83, improves 5.87.Embody growth replacement gilt to grow and obtain genetic changec with generation seed selection.
Breeding and fostering perfomance
The dietary nutritional standard of black pig brood sow: digestible energy 12.12 ~ 12.54 MJ/kg, crude protein 12% ~ 14%; The feed supplement of suckling pig adopts swelling granule material.Under above-mentioned rearing conditions, each breeding group's sow primiparity from generation to generation and multiparity breed achievement, reflect following Breeding Characteristics: (1) litter size is maintained stable from generation to generation.Zero from generation to generation to V from generation to generation, and primiparity litter size is respectively 10.86 ~ 11.52, number born alive 10.08 ~ 10.61, reflects the high and stably inheritance of fertility; (2) the generation of between, primiparity 21 age in days litter weight is 40.35 ~ 43.90kg, and V than I improve 2.50% from generation to generation from generation to generation.Embody breeding group capacity of milk secretion of sow strong; (3) piglet 70 age in days incubation rate is except 88.78% except the generation III is lower, and other each generations all remain on 91.23% ~ 94.01%, embody piglet vitality stronger; (4) litter size 12.81 ~ 13.59 between the Suprapubic arch sling generation, number born alive 11.96 ~ 12.89,70 age in days litter weight 213.29 ~ 237.44kg, 70 age in days incubation rates 86.73% ~ 94.37%; (5) more than primiparity 1.77 ~ 2.0 of Suprapubic arch sling litter size, more than primiparity 1.88 ~ 2.52 of number born alive.70 age in days litter weight, 52.19 ~ 53.34kg higher than primiparity.This reflects the kind matter feature that black pig fertility is high, fostering perfomance is strong from primiparity to multiparity.Respectively in table 9 and table 10.
The black pig primiparity breeding of table 9 is added up with nurture proterties
The black pig primiparity breeding of continued 9 is added up with nurture proterties
The black pig multiparity breeding of table 10 is added up with nurture proterties
The black pig multiparity breeding of continued 10 is added up with nurture proterties
Adult boar weight and body chi
To IV 12 monthly ages and 24 monthly ages have carried out body weight Body size measurements with generation V 12 monthly age adult male pig and sow from generation to generation.Boar, sow body weight, body is wide, height, body are long, and 12 monthly ages were respectively 145.73kg, 43.89cm, 78.67cm, 138.77 cm and 167.56kg, 39.27cm, 69.21cm, 130.77cm; 24 monthly ages were respectively 262.74kg, 57.98cm, 86.14cm, 156.05cm and 187.38kg, 55.72cm, 84.99cm, 154.43cm.Reflect black pig and there is larger habitus index, and with age, boar habitus index significantly improves, in table 11
The black pig of table 11 grow up boar body weight body measurement trait statistics
Grow-finish performance
Black pig grow-finish for boundary line, divides two grow-finish body weight stages such as 20 ~ 60kg, later stage 60 ~ 90kg in early stage with body weight 60kg.The corresponding body weight stage, at digestible energy (MJ/kg): early stage 12.55, later stage 12.12 and thick protein (℅): under the raise competence in early stage 16, later stage 14, growing period terminates to 90kg from body weight 20kg, the Breeding Progress of its grow-finish and carcass quality reflects following Breeding Characteristics: (1) the generation I is to the generation V, the stage of fattening, daily gain brought up to 696.32g by 676.14g, feedstuff-meat ratio value is down to 3.26 by 3.43, reaches 90kg body weight age in days and shifts to an earlier date 175.33 days from 179.83 days.Fattening performance increases with the generation the trend presenting and improve gradually, and the genetic progress reflecting seed selection is good; (2) I to generation, V, three back fats are on average thick is from generation to generation down to 32.98mm by 36.52mm, and dressing percentge is stabilized in 32.56% ~ 33.52% by 32.61%, and lean meat percentage brings up to 59.83% by 56.75%.Carcass trait increases with the generation the general trend presenting and progressively improve, and reflects the explicitly of seed selection to genetic changec equally; From each from generation to generation to the mensuration of the Color Score of meat, marble grain scoring, pH value, percentage of water loss all within the scope of normal pork quality traits, there is not PSE and DFD meat.Performance is yellowish pink scarlet, and marble grain enriches, and pH value is higher, and muscle water retention capacity is strong, and black pig maintains the excellent characteristic of the black Meat in the Land of Peach Blossoms, in table 12, table 13 and table 14.
Table 12 black pig grow-finish proterties is added up
Note: CV (%) means the coefficient of variation of daily gain.
The black pig slaughter trait statistics of table 13
The black pig slaughter trait statistics of continued 13
Note: CV (%) means the coefficient of variation of lean meat percentage.
The black pig flesh characters statistics of table 14
The grow-finish performance measurement of cross-bred pig
When black pig seed selection is to generation III and generation IV, carry out cross experiment, with black pig respectively with long white, Yorkshire and Tao Yuan ?pig hybridize, the store pig of the combination such as its long Hunan (long white × Hunan village is black), large Hunan (Yorkshire × Hunan village is black), peach Hunan (Land of Peach Blossoms black × Hunan village is black) reflects following Breeding Characteristics: (1) reproductive performance is high, litter size 12.14 ~ 12.64,70 age in days litter weight 191.76 ~ 211.51kg; (2) finishing ability is good, growing period daily gain 643.30 ~ 795.50g, feedstuff-meat ratio value 3.21 ~ 3.47; (3) carcass quality is good, 6-7 intercostal fat thickness 27.48 ~ 35.41cm, eye muscle area 28.41 ~ 30.73cm2, carcass lean meat percentage 55.24% ~ 61.70%; (4) meat is excellent, and the characteristic indexs such as yellowish pink, marble grain, pH value and percentage of water loss are all in normal range (NR), and the cross-bred pig reflecting black pig has excellent pork quality characteristic.Refer to table 15, table 16, table 17 and table 18.
Proterties statistics is bred in the black pig hybrid combination of table 15
Table 16 black pig hybrid combination grow-finish proterties is added up
Table 17 black pig hybrid combination carcass trait is added up
Table 18 black pig hybrid combination Meat Quality is added up
Adaptability
Black pig inherits the adaptable feature of the black pig in the Land of Peach Blossoms, is mainly manifested in: (1) physique is solid, strong stress resistance.Replacement gilt and Adult Pig do not have obvious clinical response to heat stress and cold stress, and the piglet yellow-white dysentery incidence of disease is lower; Black pig disposition docile, be beneficial to raising, replacement gilt oestruses obviously, non-return rate more than 90%; (3) require not harsh to feed nutrition, high-low plane of nutrition can adapt to, and has both adapted to large―scale hoggery and specialist's higher trophic level raising, has also adapted to the raising of peasant household compared with low nutrient level.According to follow-up investigation, under condition is slightly raised in rural area, brood sow litter size reaches more than 13, and growing and fattening pigs daily gain also can reach more than 600g, shows excellent adaptability and has higher reproductive performance and fattening performance.
Regularity
Through the seed selection of 5 generations, black pig build has goodish colony regularity and more consistent head dummy, ear type, body body and four limbs, and concrete manifestation neck is gently elegant, and ear is of moderate size and micro-ly inclines, and back of the body waist is straight, and four limbs are sturdy, and leg stern is more plentiful.
Election effects technical measures
Relatively stable environmental condition, gives full play to genetic potential
Black pig seed selection takes Qiu Peichun to produce.Each generation of seed selection, sow breeds, replacement gilt is cultivated, growing and fattening pigs measure all in same season, do not carry out with house, also enhances each comparativity from generation to generation simultaneously.
Ensure the relatively stable of seed selection swinery dietary nutritional standard
All kinds of swine rearing standard is formulated according to Breeding Scheme, though annual feedstuff is different, feed formulation nutrients level is consistent substantially, reduces the factor of this most of feed nutrition impact, be conducive to the performance of seed selection group genetic potential, enhance the accuracy of selection.
Feeding and management and veterinary clinic
Establish " feeding and management operational procedure ", " epidemic disease immune programme for children " and " animal doctor prevent epidemic system ", science of carrying out is raised and scientific management, from feeding, drink water, clean, epidemic prevention and control etc., is strictly undertaken by code or system.Simultaneously, according to this swinery antibody detection and self and around epidemic disease a situation arises, timely adjustment immune programme for children, reasonable employment vaccine, raise and management to reach specification, avoid, because feeding and management and epidemic disease immunity improperly cause harmful effect to seed selection work, ensureing that seed selection work is carried out without any confusion smoothly.
The black pig Breeding Scheme of strict implement
Black pig seed selection and all departments developing cooperative groups, and all staff on board all cooperates, and strictly presses Breeding Scheme fastidiously, conscientiously carries out every tests and measurements, makes every effort to punctual, it is complete, true, reliable to record.Technical data is added up in time, analyze and arrange, and establishes and improve population archives.Produced problem in selection and popularization, research in time and improvement.
Case study
Based on the needs accelerating genetic stability and the black pig kind matter of understanding, carried out the multinomial case studies such as color inheritance, reproductive trait genetic parameter, breeding and meat gene, m eatquality, letter knot is as follows.
The discussion of color inheritance
On the basis that hybridization synthesis and traversed by are fixed, black pig 2 is (F from generation to generation
2) boar carried out hair color test cross, solve the difficult problem that hair color Phenotypic Selection is made slow progress, improve hair color efficiency of selection.The frequency that from generation to generation, pale brown assorted hair occurs is down to 1.56% of 5 generations by 20.32% of 1 generation, and black wool genotype is isozygotied substantially, as the black wool proterties stably heredity of varietal characteristic.
The genetic parameter estimation of reproductive trait
Application multiple traits derivative free restricted maximum likelihood (multiple traits derivative free restricted maximum likelihood, MTDFREML) carries out genetic parameter estimation to the reproductive trait breeding record of black pig totally 823 parity of 2005 ~ 2010 years.Result shows, the heritability of total yield coefficient, farrowing number, weigth at birth and 21 age in days litter weights alive is 0.19,0.15,0.07 and 0.11 respectively.The excursion of maternal effect rate, nest effect rate is 0.07 ~ 0.11,0.14 ~ 0.34 respectively; Genetic correlation between two proterties, forever environmental correlation, residual error are correlated with, phenotypic correlation scope is respectively 0.40 ~ 0.91,0.68 ~ 0.97,0.33 ~ 0.62,0.31 ~ 0.87.Generally speaking, nest proterties affects by maternal environment, particularly the proterties of the early stage tolerance of nurture.The maternal effect rate of four proterties that this research institute relates to is 0.08 ~ 0.10, the excursion of nest effect rate is respectively 0.10 ~ 0.35, shows maternal genetic effect, nest effect all occupies certain proportion, create certain impact to reproductive trait.
Black pig
rBPthe correlation analysis of 4 gene pleiomorphisms and litter size
According to tissue sample and the 318 nests farrowing record thereof of 148 sows, PCR-RFLP method is adopted to detect black pig retinol-binding protein
rBP4 gene pleiomorphisms, use the hereditary effect of this gene pairs litter size of least-square analysis impact, find that black pig exists
aA,
aBwith
bBdeng 3 kinds of genotype,
a,
ballelic frequency, polymorphism information content, heterozygosity are respectively 0.8649,01351,0.3960,0.2337, show that this site is in moderate polymorphic.Litter size, number born alive first farrowing sow
aAtype ratio
bBmany 1.66 and 1.83 respectively, type, significant difference (
p< 0.05); Suprapubic arch sling
aAtype ratio
aB,
bBmany 1.19,1.48 respectively, type (
p< 0.01) and 0.96,1.22 (
p< 0.05).Gene effect analysis result shows, primiparity, Suprapubic arch sling are on this site
aallelomorph all shows as positive-effect to litter size and number born alive, adds 0.1496,0.1635 and 0.1443,0.1169 respectively.This shows,
aallelomorph may serve important function for the genetic stability of black pig height reproductive performance.
Black pig
cMYAthe correlation analysis of 5 genes and meat quality
With the 40 head growth fattening pig longissimus dorsi muscle samples of black pig generation IV, PCR-RFLP method is adopted to detect cardiomyopathies associated protein
cMYA5 gene pleiomorphisms, analyze the hereditary effect of this gene pairs meat quality impact.Result shows, black pig exists
aA,
aCwith
cCthis gene 3 kinds of genotype,
a, the allelic frequency of C, polymorphism information content, heterozygosity be respectively 0.2875,0.7125,0.5999,0.4097, shows that this site is in moderate polymorphic.13 indexs such as intramuscular fat, serine, saturated fatty acid of different genotype muscle exist significantly or pole significant difference (P<0.05 or 0.01),
aAthe intramuscular fat of type individuality is significantly higher than
aCtype (P<0.05), monounsaturated fatty acids content is the highest, and pole is significantly higher than
aCwith
cCtype (P< 0.01);
aCthe local flavor amino acid content of type individuality is other two kinds more horn of plenties comparatively, serine, arginine, proline, cystine, methionine index significantly or pole be significantly higher than
aAtype (P<0.05 or 0.01).Result of study proves
cMYA5 gene pleiomorphisms are relevant to meat quality proterties, can be used as pig flesh characters candidate gene.
Black Meat characteristic research
With the 12 head growth fattening pig longissimus dorsi muscle samples of black pig generation V, determine 36 indexs such as moisture, intramuscular fat, amino acid, fatty acid of meat quality proterties percentage of water loss, drip loss, cold cuts rate etc. and nutritive composition in muscle, be intended to the m eatquality studying black pig.Result shows, black Pock Color is scarlet, meat fiber is very thin, between texture, Fat Distribution is evenly abundant, intramuscular fat content 4.20%, percentage of water loss is 14.9%, cold cuts rate is 63.25%, shearing force 3.29kg, essential amino acid 90.94 mg/g, local flavor amino acid/11 91.23 mg/g, total amino acid 235.21 mg/g, saturated fatty acid content is 37.82%, and total unsaturated fatty acid content is 61.28%, shows the good characteristics such as muscle water holding capacity is strong, cooking loss is little, Meat Tenderness is strong, nutrient component is complete, nutrient content is abundant.
Pilot scale demonstration and application
In the Breeding Process of black pig, in succession obtain animal husbandry and fishery office of Hunan Province " about with the reply being intended to the black pig cultivation of popularization Hunan, Loudi City Louxing District " (on August 4th, 2008) and " carrying out the reply of the black pig pilot experiment in Hunan about agreement " Hunan and herd the support of fishing letter [2009] No. 4 twice replies, popularization is carried out smoothly, achieves popularization amount on a fairly large scale and good experiment and demonstration effect.
The present invention is in crossbreeding system, and hair color is the characteristic proterties of kind.In the process of black pig Systematic Breeding, selected by test cross and check, accelerating the speed of isozygotying of coat color gene, improve hair color genotype homozygosity.PCR-RFLP method is adopted to detect black pig retinol-binding protein
rBP4 genes and cardiomyopathies associated protein
cMYA5 gene pleiomorphisms, use method of least squares to analyze the hereditary effect of this gene pairs litter size and meat impact respectively: primiparity, Suprapubic arch sling exist
rBPon 4 sites
aallelomorph all shows as positive-effect to litter size and number born alive, adds 0.1496,0.1635 and 0.1443,0.1169 respectively; And
cMYA13 indexs such as intramuscular fat, serine, saturated fatty acid of 5 different genotype exist significantly or extremely remarkable (P<0.05 or 0.01) difference, for the genetic stability of black pig height reproductive performance and high meat quality serves important function.
Claims (1)
1. a breeding method for black pig new varieties, is characterized in that: described breeding method, with the two-way cross pattern of the black pig sow of Duroc boars and the Land of Peach Blossoms, synthesizes and cultivates Du Tao F
1as breeding material, on the basis that traversed by is fixing, implement locking breeding, Systematic Breeding, 1 year generation, allow appropriate generation overlap; Wherein,
1), sow seed selection, from black pig original producton location Suprapubic arch sling litter size more than 14 brood piglet in select young sow to cultivate, more therefrom have chosen have more extensive blood relationship source 59 replacement gilts constitute black pig breeding parent flock;
2), boar is chosen seeds, with the seminal fluid of 10 boars of American Duroc pig original seed generation high-performance, not consanguine 10 familys composition breeding parent gene pool;
3), adopt artificial insemination mode, hybridize with the parent flock sow divided into groups by blood relationship respectively, its F
1the black pig seed selection zero of generation composition from generation to generation, zero each family from generation to generation be keep affinity-less relation as far as possible between ancestral boar and sow, make colony's blood relationship wide, genotype is enriched, to make full use of the probability that genetic recombination occurs to improve beneficial gene;
4), traversed by fixing after, respectively hair color test cross has been carried out to male and female pig, has rejected that to produce the male and female pig that piglet hair color is seriously separated individual, started next breeding, for black isozygotying of pig black hair gene is laid a good foundation from generation to generation;
5), at Du Tao F
1on the basis of colony, then introduce 2 boars of the black pig in Hunan 2 familys, thus make breeding group keep 12 familys; In Breeding Process, implement locking and breed, swarm robotic system, first tire is reserved seed for planting, and within 1 year, completes a generation, keeps boar blood relationship, make boar in progeny population, be able to heredity and fully expansion as the merit of family and the merit of sow, namely cultivate excellent black pig new varieties.
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| CN104285884A (en) * | 2014-09-30 | 2015-01-21 | 山西农业大学 | Culture method of new Shanxi white pig variety |
| CN107821314A (en) * | 2017-11-08 | 2018-03-23 | 四川省畜牧科学研究院 | A kind of method for cultivating high-quality specialized strain using pig is hidden |
| CN108624703A (en) * | 2018-08-01 | 2018-10-09 | 贵州梵净山农业高科技股份有限公司 | A kind of method and kit of prediction ox growth traits and pork quality traits |
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| CN109937962A (en) * | 2019-03-14 | 2019-06-28 | 吉林省农业科学院 | The breeding method of black ternary breed system meat pig |
| CN109937962B (en) * | 2019-03-14 | 2021-09-10 | 吉林省农业科学院 | Method for breeding black three-element mating series pork pig |
| CN110226563A (en) * | 2019-07-01 | 2019-09-13 | 天津农学院 | A kind of mating system and application thereof of black pig swinery |
| CN114698585A (en) * | 2020-11-16 | 2022-07-05 | 广东壹号地方猪研究院有限公司 | Method for breeding new variety of black pigs |
| CN113207808A (en) * | 2021-06-03 | 2021-08-06 | 贵州大学 | Breeding method of Kele pigs |
| CN113207808B (en) * | 2021-06-03 | 2023-09-29 | 贵州大学 | Breeding method of cola pigs |
| CN113907046A (en) * | 2021-11-09 | 2022-01-11 | 福建省连江县刘氏兔业养殖场 | Breeding method of TY26 rabbit group containing specific transfer factor and breeding method of corresponding rabbit strain |
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