CN104285884A - Culture method of new Shanxi white pig variety - Google Patents
Culture method of new Shanxi white pig variety Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/02—Breeding vertebrates
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Abstract
The invention discloses a culture method of a new Shanxi white pig variety. The method is characterized in that a high-farrowing maternal line of Shanxi white pig cultured by using Mashen pig (a variety of pig), Erhualian pig (a variety of pig) and Denmark introduced Landrace as parents is treated as a female parent, and a large white is treated as a male parent; the female parent and the male parent are subjected to intersect-breeding and fundamental group formation; the group transgenerational selective breeding method is performed; the new Shanxi white pig variety is successfully selectively bred through six generations. The Shanxi white pig is rich in source and stable in heritability, and contains 6.25% descent of Mashen pig, 3.125% descent of Erhualian pig, 50% descent of large white, and 40.625% descent of Landrace. The new Shanxi white pig variety cultured by the method is high in reproduction performance, fast to grow, high in lean meat percentage, high in resistance to disease, and high in feed conversion.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the breeding method of boar new varieties, particularly relate to a kind of maternal for maternal with the farrowing of Shanxi White pigs height, Large White is the method that male parent cultivates pig new varieties.
Background technology
Pig industry is the pillar industry of China's livestock breeding, plays an important role in promotion agricultural development, raising increasing peasant income.Along with the progress of pig breeding technology and market are to diversification future development, the cultivation of the specialized strain of pig and combinative utilize become the dominant direction of world's pig industry development.
For a long time, in China live pig produces, active kind is foreign pig kind always, but its farrowing less, resistance is low, meat is poor is the one of the main reasons causing China's live pig level of production not high.Although China has cultivated successfully a collection of new species of lean meat type pigs (strain), when entering large industry, still can not adapt to completely.Therefore, making full use of domestic and international excellent pig resources, by the blood proportioning of the best, adopt modern animal breeding means, cultivate and have domestic and international pig kind feature, the comprehensive new varieties of productivity concurrently, is the fundamental solution solving China's Live Pig Development predicament.
The eighties in last century, Shanxi Province comes into effect pig breeding plan.To the beginning of the nineties, cultivate successfully 4 specialized strains successively.These strains are based on black colored hair color, and ubiquity lean meat percentage is on the low side, the shortcoming that growth rate is slower.
In addition, the reproductive trait of pig is the important economic characters of a class, and the height of reproductive performance directly affects the economic benefit on pig farm.Although litter size is an important reproductive trait, heritability is very low, and be difficult to obtain larger genetic progress in a short time with traditional breeding method, the improvement effect of Modern China in this proterties is very little.Therefore, the limited improvement of pig reproductive trait and huge economic benefit, impel breeding scholars to go the new breeding method of searching and approach to improve the Breeding Efficiency of reproductive trait.
In the cultivating process of pig new varieties, generally adopt traditional breeding technique, the hybrid strain of general is few, and cross method is simple, and the underlying group genetic variation of formation is few, and genetic progress is slow.And utilize traditional breeding method, select accuracy also lower.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide the breeding method of the white pig new varieties of a kind of Jin Fen, cultivate with breeding method of the present invention the Jin Fen white pig new varieties lean meat percentage obtained high, fast growth, farrowing is many, and adaptability is good, and premunition is strong.
The breeding method of the white pig of Jin Fen of the present invention includes two stages of cultivation of the maternal cultivation of hybridization and the white pig new varieties of Jin Fen.
The first step: the cultivation that hybridization is maternal.
1) using Shanxi local pig breed length pig as female parent, external Danish Landrace is hybridized as male parent, obtains " long horse " cross-bred pig.
2) using local pig breed Erhualian as female parent, external Danish Landrace is hybridized as male parent, obtains " long two " cross-bred pig.
3) as female parent, backcross with Danish Landrace boar using " long two " cross-bred pig, obtain " long two " cross-bred pig, backcross with Danish Landrace boar again with " long two " cross-bred pig sow, obtain " long long two " cross-bred pig.
4) be maternal with " long horse " cross-bred pig, backcross with Danish Landrace boar, obtain " long horse " cross-bred pig offspring.
5) utilize " long long two " hybrid individuality to hybridize with " long horse " hybrid individuality, obtain " long two horses " hybrid population.
6) traversed by between " long two horses " male and female pig individuality, selects outstanding generation in institute's generation in postpartum, composition zero seed selection from generation to generation underlying group.
7) swarm robotic system selection is adopted, binding molecule marker assisted selection technology, 1 year generation, carry out 6 seed selections from generation to generation continuously, the Shanxi White pigs height farrowing cultivating inheritance stability, fertility high is maternal, this strain pig contains Landrace blood lineage 81.25%, Erhualian blood lineage 6.25%, length pig blood lineage 12.5%.
The cultivation of the white pig new varieties of second step: Jin Fen.
1) reciprocal cross is carried out with Shanxi White pigs high farrow maternal sow and boar and Large White, the hybrid population produced is shaped through traversed by, and set up zero generation underlying group, underlying group is containing length pig blood lineage 6.25%, Erhualian blood lineage 3.125%, Landrace blood lineage 40.625% and Large White blood lineage 50%;
2) adopt swarm robotic system selection, binding molecule mark auxiliary selection method, 1 year generation, continues seed selection through 6 generations, obtains the white pig new varieties of Jin Fen.
Wherein, in the white pig rearing new variety of the Jin Fen described in second step, zero generation underlying group and each generation all join 10 sows by 1 boar and carry out random mating, avoid full sibs or half-sib mating.
And then in the cultivation of the white pig new varieties of Jin Fen of the present invention, described each generation all carries out the first-born and reserves seed for planting.
Further, in the cultivating process of the white pig new varieties of Jin Fen of the present invention, be with
fSHbsubunit gene, as litter size marker gene, to carry out molecular marker assisted selection.
The main performance index of the Jin Fen that the present invention cultivates white pig new varieties is as follows:
1) reproductive performance: first farrowing sow litter size more than 10.5, Suprapubic arch sling litter size more than 12.5,28 age in days more than weaning weight 6.0kg, 70 age in days more than individual weight 20kg.
2) finishing ability: store pig reaches 100kg body weight age in days average less than 170 days, body weight 20 ~ 100kg more than the daily gain 750g stage of fattening, feed-weight ratio less than 3.0: 1.The hybridization market pig body weight 20 ~ 100kg daily gain 820g stage of fattening, feed-weight ratio less than 2.8: 1.
3) carcass trait: 100kg body weight is butchered, carcass lean meat percentage more than 58%.Hybridization market pig 100kg body weight is butchered, carcass lean meat percentage more than 62%.Eye muscle area 35cm
2above.
4) Meat Quality: the performance of meat pH value, yellowish pink, marble grain, Coefficient shrinkage is good, PSE and DFD meat, does not appear in intramuscular fat content more than 2.5%.
5) bodily form physique: whole body is by hair white, and physique is solid, and back of the body waist is straight, and leg stern is more plentiful, and four limbs are sturdy, and limb hoof is solid.The effective nipple 7 of sow to more than, boar genital development is normal.
The present invention is according to the market demand and pig industry development trend; cultivate one to have domestic and international pig kind key property concurrently, more adapt to the white pig new varieties of Jin Fen of large-scale cultivation; these new varieties had both had disease-resistant, the prolificacy feature of China's local pig breed; there is again fast growth, advantage that the price of deed is high, and adapt to the needs of current pig industry preference candida species.
The present invention adopts length pig, Erhualian, Landrace and these representative pig kinds both at home and abroad with distinguishing feature of Large White are that initial cross parent carries out four kind genetic resources combinations, adopt double rail type, grading up between two, the different two-step method breeding mode for traversed by, namely first with Landrace respectively with length pig, Erhualian is hybridized, a high farrowing female parent line is bred as after traversed by sizing, after inheritance stability, hybridize with Large White again, through traversed by sizing Systematic Breeding, to be bred as the white pig of novel pig variety Jin Fen of high comprehensive performance, by composite crossing and the molecular marker-assisted selection method of 4 parents, solve multi items to hybridize simultaneously and cause proterties to be difficult to the problem of fixing.
The white pig of Jin Fen contains Erhualian blood lineage 3.125%, length pig blood lineage 6.25%, Landrace blood lineage 40.625% and Large White blood lineage 50%.From genetic constitution, blood lineage's abundance, blood proportioning is just right, and new varieties efficiently utilize the advantage of 4 pig kinds, has evaded respective shortcoming.The high lean meat percentage of the height of Erhualian farrowing gene, the high resistance to cold and diseases gene of length pig and Landrace and Large White, Seedling height rate gene are come together in all over the body, and interaction of genes performance is strong, ensure that the general equilibrium of the white pig performance of Jin Fen, species the advantage is more outstanding.
During the hybridization of the white pig of Jin Fen of the present invention is built and is, male parent blood lineage reaches 12, and its heritability more meets the standard-required of new varieties.
Through the authorization of the national Genetic Resources of Domestic Animal committee, the Jin Fen white pig new varieties excellent combination property of incubation, sow just farrows 10.97, through farrowing 13.11; Daily gain 837.00g, feed-weight ratio 2.86, reaches 100kg body weight age in days 171.00d, lean meat percentage 59.80%.Du Jin market pig daily gain 878.11g, reaches 100kg age in days 165.40d, lean meat percentage 63.11%, intramuscular fat content 2.76%.
The white pig of Jin Fen that the present invention is bred as is on the basis keeping prolificacy, and improve growth rate, especially prometaphase fast growth, overall performance is more suitable for large-scale industrialized production needs; Jin Fen white pig market pig production of hybrid seeds pattern is simple, only once need hybridize and can synthesize assorted excellent market pig, economical and convenient, is convenient to large-scale promotion application and industrialization production.
Jin Fen of the present invention white pig cultivating method of new species selects effect definite
fSHbsubunit gene is chosen seeds as the molecular labeling of litter size, efficiently solves major traits and not easily fixes, and selects the low problem of accuracy, although the outer blood ratio of the white pig of Jin Fen breaks through 90%, Farrowing Traits still keeps high level, performance and in the trend improved.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
The present embodiment adopts cross method, on the basis retaining the excellent genetic character of length pig, mix the height farrowing gene of Erhualian and the Seedling height rate gene of Landrace further, through Systematic Breeding, cultivate the height farrowing that farrowing is many, fast growth, meat quality are good maternal, for the assorted excellent market pig producing high-efficiency high-quality provides outstanding height farrowing to hybridize maternal.
Resistance and the Farrowing Traits of Shanxi local pig breed length pig are very outstanding, and sow can reach 14.0 through litter size.The present embodiment selects the boar 4 of external Danish Landrace affinity-less relation for male parent, and length pig sow 40 hybridizes for female parent, obtains " long horse " cross-bred pig, selects 40 sows to be used for backcrossing from " long horse " cross-bred pig offspring.
Chinese native pig breed Erhualian (Taihu pigs) is the pig kind of farrowing maximum in the world, and sow can reach 15.3 through litter size.The present embodiment selects the boar 4 of external Danish Landrace affinity-less relation for male parent, and Erhualian sow 40 hybridizes for female parent, obtains " long two " cross-bred pig, from " long two " cross-bred pig offspring, select 40 sows to be used for backcrossing.
As maternal, backcross with 4 Danish Landrace boars using " long two " cross-bred pig 40, obtain " long two " cross-bred pig, then backcross with 4 Danish Landrace boars with " long two " cross-bred pig sow 40, obtain " long long two " cross-bred pig.
Be maternal with " long horse " cross-bred pig 40, backcross with 4 Danish Landrace boars, obtain " long horse " cross-bred pig offspring.
Utilize " long long two " hybrid individuality to hybridize with " long horse " hybrid individuality, obtain " long two horses " hybrid population.Traversed by between " long two horses " male and female pig individuality, selects outstanding generation in institute's generation in postpartum, composition zero seed selection from generation to generation underlying group.
Underlying group is made up of the excellent individual of traversed by offspring, and population size is 10 male, 50 mothers.The male and female pig of composition underlying group is at least from 8 paternal blood lineages, and colony's effective content 26.67, often for inbreeding increment 1.875%.Underlying group individual growth is grown fast, and three-dimensional-structure is good, and teat number is many, and physique is solid, strong, and without genetic defect, hair color is pure white, and selection traits exceedes colony's average.
Adopt swarm robotic system selection, based on apolegamy mode, group and each generation all malely join 5 by 1 and femalely carry out the random mating avoiding full sibs or half sibs.Standby male and female pig 8 monthly age breeds, and accomplishes estrus synchronization as far as possible, and the same period breeds, and the same period gives a birth, to increase the reliability compared the same period.Per generation seed selection group keeps 10 male, 50 mothers, and selective replacement gilt maintenance 50 is male, the scale of 150 mothers.
Seed choosing method:
Major traits: give priority to selected proterties period in difference seed selection, mainly consider reproductive trait during wean, stresses to select in family, with nest litter size for major traits, suitably with reference to birth weight and weaning weight; During six-month-old with
fSH βthe genotype of gene, the live body thickness of backfat and daily gain are major traits, pay the utmost attention to
fSH βthe beneficial gene type of gene, considers the higher live body thickness of backfat of heritability and the medium daily gain of heritability simultaneously, takes into account shape and appearance scoring.
Chosen period and method: each is divided into two stages to select from generation to generation.First time is selected, and according to Parent reproductive performance data and ontogeny situation, carries out primary election during wean, and replacement gilt is reserved seed for planting rate about 70%, and standby boar is reserved seed for planting rate about 25%.To the selection of qualitative character, mainly through visual appraisal, average teat 7 to more than, appearance traits is levied without obviously damaging.Gathering all first times after wean selects and remain individual blood or ear tissue, carries out
fSH βpCR-BamH I genotype detection of gene, for the selection of second stage.Second stage is selected: during 6 monthly age, self measures achievement and pedigree and performance measurement result born of the same parents, adopt unisexuality shape BLUP model according to standby is individual, by the breeding value of DFREML software estimation daily gain and the thickness of backfat.Then by certain economic snake, multiple selection index is formulated.When individuality is selected and remain, paying the utmost attention to
fSH βunder genotypic prerequisite, also select and remain with reference to pedigree blood lineage and appearance traits according to single index number height.The boar rate of reserving seed for planting is that namely select and remain 10 by 50 standby boars, the sow rate of reserving seed for planting is 33.3% for selecting 20% of replacement gilt.
According to above-mentioned selection, 1 year generation, through the Systematic Breeding of continuous 6 generations, the Shanxi White pigs height farrowing cultivating inheritance stability, fertility high is maternal.Containing Landrace blood lineage 81.25%, Erhualian blood lineage 6.25%, length pig blood lineage 12.5%.Shape and appearance reaches unanimity, overall solid compact, and whole body is by hair white, and head is of moderate size, and two ears incline slightly before, the straight and moderate length of mouth cylinder; Neck breast knot closes compact, and body body is longer, and rear quarters is plentiful, teat number 7 to more than, arrangement is evenly neat, and four limbs are rectified, and limb hoof is solid, and Development of External Genital is good, and strain hereditary capacity is basicly stable.
Right through 5 generations
fSH βthe M8003 line of gene beneficial gene type and favorable allels, in Shanxi White pigs kind with in colony, the frequency being conducive to the allelomorph B that litter size improves rose by generation, was increased to 0.757 of 6 generations from 0.422 of 2 generations; Be unfavorable for that allelomorph A that litter size improves is in by for downward trend, from 2 from generation to generation 0.219 drop to 6 from generation to generation 0.041, the raising for Shanxi White pigs reproductive performance provides potential hereditary basis.
Reproductive performance test result shows, and except number born alive is except each Generation difference is not remarkable, the difference of all the other proterties between each generation all reaches remarkable or pole significance level.As the litter size of major traits, highest level is reached from generation to generation 4, it is 10.64,1.34 are exceeded from generation to generation than 0, there were significant differences with the litter size of 0,1,2,3 from generation to generation sows, and with the litter size of 5,6 sows from generation to generation without significant difference, being undertaken by generation along with seed selection is described, the genetic progress accumulated has had the change of matter from generation to generation 4, and obtains maintenance in follow-up Breeding Process.In addition, the number born alive, weaning piglet etc. of 4 from generation to generation sows also occupied first of each generation.4 from generation to generation come into being individual weight, weigth at birth, weaning weight and weight of weaning litter of piglet be all significantly higher than 0 from generation to generation, show that the raising of litter size does not have influence on weight character.Illustrate in Breeding Process, the system of selection taked reproductive trait is correct and effective.
From the weanling pig of every first farrowing sow from generation to generation, every nest is selected and remain 1 boar, and 3 sow pigs in support, carry out mensuration of growing.Body weight when measuring 70 ages in days and 6 monthly age, body chi and the live body thickness of backfat (measure with A is super, measurement site is that waist recommends joint portion along 5cm place on the left of dorsal line).
Each generation replacement gilt different phase body weight growth is in table 1, and visible 70 ages in days, 6 monthly age body weight and 70 ~ 180 age in days daily gains are increase trend with the generation, and the difference between different generations reaches pole significance level (P < 0.001).Replacement gilt 70 age in days about body weight 20kg, 5 is the highest from generation to generation, is 20.91kg, and individual difference is remarkable from generation to generation with 6, and is significantly higher than other from generation to generation, improves 4.13kg compared with 0 generation.Six-month-old body weight is the highest from generation to generation with 6, is 90.21kg, is significantly higher than other from generation to generation.70 ~ 180 age in days daily gains are also the highest from generation to generation with 6, are 634.18g/d, are significantly higher than other from generation to generation, and daily gain improves 108.9g compared with 0 generation.The birth weight of 5 generation individualities is the highest, is 1.45kg, except remarkable with 2 Generation differences, all reaches significance level with the difference of other generation.4 generation individual weaning weights are the highest, are 8.38kg, remarkable with 3 Generation differences, and reach significance level with the difference of other generation.
Table 2 listed in by different generations 6 monthly age male and female pig body chi.From table 2,6 monthly age heights are with Changing Pattern obviously unstable from generation to generation, and 2 is the highest from generation to generation, and 3 is minimum from generation to generation, and 2 from generation to generation than 3 generation high 0.86cm, significant difference.6 monthly age body personal attendants are from generation to generation in increase tendency, and 6 monthly age bodies of 6 generation individualities are long maximum, and be 115.85cm, increase 9.09cm from generation to generation than 0, difference reaches pole significance level (P < 0.01).Chest measurement increases to some extent from 3 generations, but after 3 generations, difference is not remarkable.6 monthly age waists recommend the joint portion thickness of backfat has downward trend with increasing from generation to generation, 0, the thickness of backfat of 1,2 generations was significantly higher than for 3,4 generations, and the thickness of backfat of 3,4 generation individualities is significantly higher than 5,6 from generation to generation, and the thickness of backfat of 6 generation individualities is 1.11cm, compared with 0 generation, reduce 0.26 cm.In the maternal Breeding Process of Shanxi White pigs height farrowing, the thickness of backfat is a major traits, is included in multiple selection index, and as can be seen here, the system of selection adopted the thickness of backfat is effective.
In the Systematic Breeding process of Shanxi White pigs, carry out fattening performance test from generation to generation 5,6.By paternal blood lineage, at least select that 4 body weight are close, the normal piglet that grows (male and female half and half) from the filial generation of each parental generation boar, boar castration, sow is castration not, every from generation to generation totally 32 participate in fattening trials born of the same parents.Test is from 30kg, and 5 generation body weight reach 90kg and terminate, and 6 generation body weight reach 100kg and terminate.Main mensuration proterties comprises the average daily gain stage of fattening, reaches the age in days of target weight, feed conversion rate etc., the results are shown in Table 3.
From table 3, Shanxi White pigs 5 from generation to generation finishing ability is that 184.5 age in days body weight reach 90kg, 30 ~ 90kg stage daily gain 614.60g, every kilogram of weightening finish feed consumption 3.28kg.6 generation individual 186.48 age in days body weight reach 100kg, 30 ~ 100kg stage daily gain 708.35g, every kilogram of weightening finish feed consumption 3.14kg.Compare for convenience of with 5 generation data, with reference to the method proposed in USDA National livestock husbandry veterinarian general station " genetic evaluation property determination code " (2000), age in days body weight being reached 100kg is corrected to the age in days that body weight reaches 90kg.It is 174.90 days that calibrated 6 generation whose body weights reach 90kg age in days, comparatively 5 is significantly increased from generation to generation.
After fattening trial terminates, butcher whole castration individuality, carry out carcass quality and meat quality mensuration, measuring body weight 5 is 90kg from generation to generation, and 6 is 100kg from generation to generation.Testing index mainly comprises carcass weight, trunk length, dressing percentage, lean meat percentage, the thickness of backfat, eye muscle area, leg stern ratio and intramuscular lipid content etc., assay method is main with reference to " lean meat species boar performance measurement technical regulation (GB 8467-87) ", and intramuscular lipid content adopts soxhlet extraction methods to measure.
Measurement result in table 4,5 from generation to generation individual average body weigh 90kg time butcher, dressing percentage 71.32%, carcass lean meat percentage 59.25%, intramuscular lipid content 7.84%.6 from generation to generation individual average weight 100kg time butcher, dressing percentage 77.00%, carcass lean meat percentage 57.93%, intramuscular lipid content 7.86%, visible Shanxi White pigs carcass quality and meat quality good.
Through continuous 6 generation Systematic Breeding, the maternal multiparity nest litter size 13.04 of the Shanxi White pigs cultivated height farrowing, shows higher reproductive performance.Store pig 174.90 age in days body weight reaches 90kg, and every kg weightening finish feed consumption 3.14kg, 90kg butchers, carcass lean meat percentage 59.25%, intramuscular lipid content 7.84%.Meat is good, and each proterties comparatively zero significantly improves from generation to generation, and reach or identify and acceptance criteria close to national bacon hogs kind (being), through performance measurement and cross experiment, strain inheritance stability, can use as hybrid strain.
Embodiment 2
According to breeding goal, select that the Shanxi White pigs height farrowing that is bred as is maternal and to add be Large White be hybrid strain, produce F1 generation by reciprocal cross, after traversed by sizing, carry out Systematic Breeding.
1, the establishment of underlying group.
Select 40 Shanxi White pigs height maternal sows of farrowing and 8 boars (6 blood lineages), be that Large White carries out reciprocal cross with adding, 12 Shanxi White pigs height maternal sows of farrowing and 4 English system Large White boars (4 blood lineages) are hybridized, the hybrid population produced is shaped through traversed by, set up underlying group (0 from generation to generation), underlying group is containing length pig blood lineage 6.25%, Erhualian blood lineage 3.125%, Landrace blood lineage 40.625% and Large White blood lineage 50%.Population size is 24 male 118 mothers.
Underlying group blood lineage amounts to 12, is Large White blood lineage and forms from 4 English system large Baigong pig blood lineages that the excellent boar of Changzhi City one is transferred in respectively by adding from 8 of kind pig farm, Datong.
2, marking supplementary breeding.
In breeding of new variety process, adopt and be applied to Shanxi White pigs height farrowing maternal seed selection authenticated
fSHbsubunit gene carries out marker assisted selection as litter size marker gene, carries out swarm robotic system seed selection from generation to generation to 1 ~ 4, and CC type of preferentially selecting and remain in Breeding Process is individual, and being secondly that BB type and BC type are individual uses as planting.In breed of variety process, clearly demarcated not overlapping from generation to generation, each is all divided into two stages to select from generation to generation, i.e. wean and six-month-old.From two generations, individuality of selecting and remain when measuring wean
fSHbsubunit gene type, for the selection of second stage.When six-month-old is selected and remain, pay the utmost attention to
fSHbthe beneficial gene type of subunit gene.4th starts from generation to generation, considers the multiple selection index formulated according to the live body thickness of backfat and daily gain simultaneously, takes into account shape and appearance scoring and blood lineage, carries out fattening performance test and sib testing.
3, swarm robotic system seed selection.
Underlying group (0 from generation to generation) by blood lineage's (family) grouping, carries out semi-open core group Systematic Breeding after setting up.
Apolegamy mode: underlying group and each generation all malely join 10 by 1 and female carry out random matings, avoid full-sib mating or half-sib mating.Standby male and female pig 8 monthly age breeds, and accomplishes estrus synchronization as far as possible, and the same period breeds, and the same period gives a birth, to increase the reliability compared the same period.
Seed choosing method: major traits: according to breeding goal, determines total yield coefficient, daily gain and is major traits with the thickness of backfat of lean meat percentage strong correlation.
Choice phase: each is divided into two stages to select from generation to generation.
First stage is selected: mainly consider reproductive trait during wean, stresses to select in family, and with nest litter size for major traits, emphasis is considered
fSH βthe beneficial gene type CC type of gene is individual, is secondly that BB and BC type is individual, suitably with reference to birth weight.Simultaneously.Eliminate and occur that the full nest piglet of genetic defect feature and profile overstep the bounds individuality (assorted hair, number of nipples do not meet kind claimer lower than 7 to, head dummy ear type), 1 standby boar of at least selecting and remain in every nest piglet.The replacement gilt rate of reserving seed for planting is 80%, and the standby boar rate of reserving seed for planting is about 30%.
Second stage is selected: during six-month-old, with the daily gain of growing and carcass lean meat percentage for selecting emphasis, taking into account reproductive performance and Meat Quality, noting the selection of bodily form physique, leg and feet soundness.Comprehensive Assessment is carried out, subculture pig of exponentially selecting and remain from high to low according to performance measurement result.The boar rate of reserving seed for planting is about 15%, and the sow rate of reserving seed for planting is about 25%.Selection index formula is: I=0.541056P1 (daily gain (g))-27. 65753P2(live body thickness of backfat (mm)).
According to seed selection standard, determine following profile standards of grading.
To reserve seed for planting mode: seed selection group carries out the first-born and reserves seed for planting, 1 year generation, but excellent to productivity spy, that selection index is extra-high indivedual sows can participate in next generation family breeding, namely allow the generation overlap of a small amount of sow.It is roughly the same that each family boar joins sow number.Accomplish during wean that each family full-sibs leaves roughly the same offspring, the family that in Breeding Process, prudent superseded minority is second-rate.
Through the Systematic Breeding of 6 generations, the Jin Fen white pig new varieties appearance traits of incubation reaches unanimity substantially, and whole body is by hair white, and glossy, physique is compact solid.Head is of moderate size, and ear is medium to lean forward in erectting slightly side, isometric and straight in mouth cylinder, face face nick.Body body is longer, carries on the back wider, and back of the body waist is straight, and chest breadth is dark, and linea ventralis is received, and leg stern is plentiful.Four limbs are healthy and strong, and hoof toe is solid.Nipple arrangement is well-balanced, teat number 7 to more than, Development of External Genital is good, and heritability is stablized, and varietal characteristic is obvious.
The white pig new varieties of Jin Fen be bred as are on the basis keeping prolificacy, and improve growth rate, the prometaphase fast growth especially before 60kg body weight, overall performance is more suitable for large-scale industrialized production needs; Both purebred production high-quality commercial pig can have been utilized aborning, also can be maternal as hybridization; Premunition is strong, and incubation rate is higher 3 percentage points than introducing (common) pig kind, and health subsidies are low by 20%; Once hybridize, hybrid vigour is strong, and Crossing system is simple, is convenient to promote.
Jin Fen white pig 6 monthly age, 12 monthly ages, 24 monthly age body weight are in table 6.
Table 7, table 8 and table 9 list litter size and the number born alive of each sow from generation to generation of the white pig of Jin Fen.In the white pig cultivating process of Jin Fen, 6 generation first farrowing sow litter sizes 10.97, number born alive 10.65; Suprapubic arch sling (3 ~ 6 tire) nest litter size 13.11, number born alive 12.63, is significantly higher than underlying group (P < 0.05).Through the Systematic Breeding of 6 generations, the nest litter size of first farrowing sow maintains between 10.62 ~ 11.32, the coefficient of variation less than 20%; Number born alive brings up to 6 from generation to generation 10.65 from zero from generation to generation 10.19, and had certain raising, the coefficient of variation is also below 20%.Suprapubic arch sling litter size brings up to 13.11, significant difference (P < 0.05) from zero from generation to generation 11.90; Number born alive brings up to 12.63 from 11.23, significant difference (P < 0.05).
The white litter size of pig of visible Jin Fen is high, and reproductive performance is good.Sow primiparity the number of live birth 10.65, compares with introducing pig kind, newer American Large White pigs (10.21) how 0.44, and newer U.S.A is Landrace (10.2) how 0.45; With cultivation variety protection, the comparatively white pig of Shandong cigarette (10.24) how 0.41, comparatively Songliao Black Pig Heart Fatty (9.3) how 1.35, ginger pig (10.38) of comparatively reviving how 0.27, compared with how 0.36, the black pig in Hunan village (10.29), comparatively Shanxi bacon hogs SD-II is many 0.87.Jin Fen white pig multiparity nest farrows 13.11, comparatively the white pig of Shandong cigarette (12.73) how 0.38, comparatively Songliao Black Pig Heart Fatty (12.7) how 0.41, and compared with Shanxi White pigs height farrowing maternal (13.04) how 0.07, comparatively Shanxi bacon hogs SD-II is many 1.07.
The body weight growth of Jin Fen white pig different generations standby boar and replacement gilt and the 6 monthly age thickness of backfats are measured, result display standby boar and replacement gilt different generations body weight change trend basically identical, the body weight of standby boar and daily gain are a little more than replacement gilt.6 boar 6 of standby from generation to generation monthly age body weight reach 105.50kg, add 12.46kg, significant difference (P < 0.05) from generation to generation than 0; Replacement gilt 6 monthly age body weight reaches 102.25kg, adds 10.84kg, significant difference (P < 0.05) from generation to generation than 0.Standby boar 70 ~ 180 age in days daily gain brings up to 774.91g/d by the 667.91g/d of zero generation, compared with 0 generation, daily gain improves 107.00g, replacement gilt 70 ~ 180 age in days daily gain brings up to 746.09g/d by the 659.09g/d of zero generation, difference all reaches significance level (P < 0.05), and Breeding Effect is obvious.Between different generations, the replacement gilt 6 monthly age live body thickness of backfat is between 12mm ~ 14mm, variation tendency and Breed dirction not quite identical, this is due to when selection index is formulated, the economic snake of the thickness of backfat is on the low side, but Integral back fat thickness is moderate, do not affect trunk and the meat quality of fattening pig and filial generation.
In the white pig Breeding Process of Jin Fen, from 4 generations, carry out fattening performance test born of the same parents.Near, the normal piglet 4 that grows (each 2 of the male and female of selective body heavy phase from the offspring of every boar, boar castration, sow is castration not), 4 generations and 5 fattening trial born of the same parents is from generation to generation carried out on kind pig farm, Datong, per generation about 40 participates in test, test is from body weight 20kg, and body weight reaches 100kg and terminates.The fattening trial born of the same parents of 6 generations is carried out on kind pig farm, Datong and Yuncheng Xinlong rich cultivation Co., Ltd respectively, and select 110 pigs born of the same parents to participate in test altogether, test from body weight 30kg, body weight reaches 100kg and terminates.Main mensuration reaches the age in days, feed conversion rate, average daily gain etc. of target weight, the results are shown in Table 10.From table 10, Jin Fen daily gain of white fattening of pig phase is between 754.53 ~ 837.00g/d, and every kg increases weight feed consumption at about 2.90kg, and the 6 generation individual ages in days reaching 100kg body weight are 171.00d, result shows that the purebred pig of the white pig of Jin Fen has fast growth, feed conversion rate high.
The white pig growth and development of visible Jin Fen is fast, and the price of deed is high.Jin Fen daily gain 837.00g/d of white fattening of pig phase, compared with introducing boar, redder is original seed Large White (786.01g/d), pellet system original seed Landrace (801.25g/d), pellet system original seed duroc (719.47g/d) high 50.99g, 35.75g and 117.53g respectively, comparatively Swedish Landrace pig (876.40g/d) low 39.7g, newer American Large White pigs (810g/d), new U.S.A are Landrace (763g/d), new American Duroc pig pig (803g/d) high 27g, 74g and 34g respectively; Compared with cultivation pig kind, the comparatively white pig of Shandong cigarette (749.73g/d) high 87.27g, comparatively revive ginger pig (700g/d) high 137g, compared with Shanxi White pigs height farrowing maternal (708.35g/d) high 128.65g, compared with the black pig in Hunan village (696.32g/d), Songliao Black Pig Heart Fatty (686.01g/d) and too pig (616.96g/d) high 140.68g, 150.99g and the 220.04g respectively that revive.
After fattening trial terminates, butcher castration individuality, measure trunk and meat quality.Carcass trait measures and carries out according to Ministry of Agriculture's " bacon hogs carcass trait determination techniques specification (NY/T 825-2004) ", the results are shown in Table 11.The white pig of Jin Fen is butchered when body weight 100kg, the dressing percentage 72.80% that 6 generations are individual, carcass lean meat percentage 59.80%.Meat quality measures and carries out according to the Ministry of Agriculture " pig muscle quality determination technical specification (NY/T 821-2004) ".Color Score 2.8 points, longissimus dorsi muscle shear force value 4.07 pounds, intramuscular fat content 2.73%, longissimus dorsi muscle diameter of muscle fiber 54.86um.Test result shows, the white pig of the Jin Fen purebred pig girth of a garment is moderate, yellowish pink ruddy, and muscle fibre is thin, and muscle is delicate, on the whole trunk and meat quality good.
The white pig lean meat percentage of visible Jin Fen is high, and meat quality is good.Jin Fen butchers when white pig body weight reaches 100kg, carcass lean meat percentage is 59.80%, and comparatively the white pig of Shandong cigarette (55.45%), Soviet Union ginger pig (56.28%), the black pig in Sichuan-Tibet (57.86%), Songliao Black Pig Heart Fatty (57.27%), too pig (55.98%), Shanxi White pigs height farrowing maternal (57.93%) of reviving are distinguished high 4.35,3.52,1.94,2.53,3.82,1.87 percentage points.
Amino acid composition in Jin Fen white pig 6 from generation to generation individual 6 monthly age longissimus dorsi muscles and content of fatty acid are measured, amino acid composition measures with the full-automatic amino-acid analyzer of LC-8800, content of fatty acid HP-5890 gas chromatograph for determination, the results are shown in Table 12 and table 13.From table, containing 17 seed amino acids in the white pig 6 monthly age longissimus dorsi muscle of Jin Fen, total amino acid content 22.48g/100g, wherein essential amino acid 8.26g/100g, account for 36.82% of total amino acid content.Fresh ear field 18.02g/100g, accounts for 80.14% of total amino acid content.In Fresh ear field, the content of glutamic acid is the highest, reaches 4.04g/100g, and glutamic acid has the special role forming the disagreeable tastes such as the delicious and buffering of meat flavour is salty, sour.In Fresh ear field, except glutamic acid, the content of alanine and threonine is also higher, and this is the major reason of the white Pork-flavor deliciousness of Jin Fen.
Content of fatty acid and meat quality have much relations, and pork saturated fatty acid becomes positive correlation with monounsaturated fatty acids with the local flavor of meat, and the local flavor of polyunsaturated fatty acid and meat is negative correlation.In the white pig longissimus dorsi muscle of Jin Fen, 8 kinds of long-chain fatty acid detected, wherein saturated fatty acid accounts for 40.7%, and monounsaturated fatty acids accounts for 54%, and polyunsaturated fatty acid accounts for 5.3%.The content of saturated fatty acid and monounsaturated fatty acids is up to 94.7%, and this is also one of excellent reason of the white Meat of Jin Fen.In saturated fatty acid, mainly based on palmitic acid and stearic acid, be respectively 26.9% and 13.6%; In monounsaturated fatty acids, based on oleic acid, account for 49.8%; In polyunsaturated fatty acid, based on linoleic acid, account for 5.1%.
Jin Fen white pig longissimus dorsi muscle total amino acid content 22.48g/100g, higher than local pig breed great Pu lotus pig (19.56g/100g), Dongxiang flower pig (20.60g/100g), Putian Black Sows (21.8g/100g), cultivate the total amino acid content of the black pig in pig kind Yantai (21.79g/100g), the white pig of Shandong cigarette (18.7g/100g) and introducing pig kind Landrace (20.7g/100g), Large White (21.62g/100g) and duroc (20.72g/100g).Longissimus dorsi muscle Glutamic Acid content 4.04g/100g, higher than local pig breed Wuzhi Mountain pig (4.03g/100g), great Pu lotus pig (2.96g/100g), Dongxiang flower pig (3.56g/100g), Putian Black Sows (2.87g/100g), cultivate the black pig in pig kind Yantai (3.24g/100g), the white pig of Shandong cigarette (2.91g/100g) and introduce pig kind Landrace (3.37g/100g), Large White (2.95g/100g), duroc (2.8g/100g) longissimus dorsi muscle Glutamic Acid content.
Embodiment 3
When the present embodiment is from 4 generations, carry out supporting cross experiment and pilot scale popularization.Consider that the white pig parent of Jin Fen is containing long white, great Bai blood lineage, with the white pig sow of Jin Fen for female parent, Duroc boars is male parent, carry out cross experiment, be bred as Du Jin binary market pig, and purebred for control group with the white pig of Jin Fen, the hybrid vigour of research hybrid commercial pig and productivity performance.The present embodiment carries out finishing ability to the Du Jin binary market pig obtained simultaneously and carcass quality measures.
Table 14 lists the finishing ability of Du Jin binary market pig.From table 14, Du Jin binary market pig is in 30 ~ 100kg stage, and daily gain 878.11g/d, 165.40 age in days body weight reach 100kg, every kg weightening finish feed consumption 2.70kg.Daily gain exceeds 85.09g, 194.03g, 141.35g respectively than the white pig of the Shandong cigarette white pig (736.76g/d) of the white pig of excellent market pig Du × Shandong cigarette (793.02g/d), large × white pig of Shandong cigarette (684.08g/d), length × Shandong cigarette of mixing; Than Soviet Union ginger pig mix excellent market pig large × Soviet Union ginger pig (709.61g/d) and long × ginger pig (692.13g/d) of reviving exceeds 168.5g and 185.98g respectively; 225.34g higher than large × too pig (652.77g/d) of reviving; The black pig in assorted excellent pig length × Hunan village (795.50g/d), the large × Hunan village black pig (782.67g/d) of pig more black in Hunan village exceed 82.61g and 95.44g; Close with DLY (890g/d).The white pig of every kg weight gain material consumpting ratio Du × Shandong cigarette (2.83kg), large × white pig of Shandong cigarette (2.96kg), the white pig of length × Shandong cigarette (2.89kg) lack 0.13kg, 0.26kg and 0.19kg respectively; Than large × Soviet Union ginger pig (2.92kg), long × Soviet Union ginger pig (2.99kg) few 0.22kg and 0.29kg respectively, 0.48kg fewer than large × too pig (3.18kg) of reviving; Than the black pig in length × Hunan village (3.22kg) and few 0.52kg and 0.51kg in large × Hunan village black pig (3.21kg).Show cross-bred pig fast growth, efficiency of feed utilization is high, is applicable to the industrialization of Pig Industry industry and produces, can spread.
Butcher when Du Jin binary market pig body weight reaches 100kg, carcass quality and meat quality measurement result are in table 15 and table 16, and muscle histology's measurement result is in table 17.From table, Du Jin binary is butchered when body weight 100kg and 115kg by market pig, dressing percentage is respectively 75.85% and 73.48%, lean meat percentage is respectively 64.57% and 63.11%, pig (58.41%) whiter than Du × Shandong cigarette, greatly × white pig of Shandong cigarette (55.37%), the white pig of length × Shandong cigarette (59.33%) is high by 4.7% respectively, 7.74%, 3.78%, than large × Soviet Union ginger pig (61.39%) and long × Soviet Union ginger pig (60.17%) difference high 1.72% and 2.94%, than large × too pig (55.90%) of reviving is high by 7.21%, more black pig (61.45%) than length × Hunan village, greatly × black the pig in Hunan village (61.7%) high 1.66% and 1.41%, Color Score is 3.07, intramuscular fat content is 2.76, and content is moderate, longissimus dorsi muscle diameter of muscle fiber is 67.39um.
After measured, containing 17 seed amino acids in Du Jin binary market pig 6 monthly age longissimus dorsi muscle, total amino acid content 22.17g/100g, essential amino acid 7.31g/100g, account for 32.97% of total amino acid content; Fresh ear field 17.20g/100g, accounts for 77.56% of total amino acid content; In Fresh ear field, content of glutamic acid is up to 4.23g/100g, and in longissimus dorsi muscle, total amino acid content and content of glutamic acid are all higher than other pig kinds, are the main causes of cross-bred pig meat flavour deliciousness.
After measured, in 6 monthly age Du Jin market pig longissimus dorsi muscles, 8 kinds of long-chain fatty acid detected, wherein saturated fatty acid accounts for 39.85%, and monounsaturated fatty acids accounts for 49.25%, and polyunsaturated fatty acid accounts for 10.9%.In saturated fatty acid, mainly based on palmitic acid and stearic acid, be respectively 26.85% and 12.8%; In monounsaturated fatty acids, based on oleic acid, account for 45%; In polyunsaturated fatty acid, based on linoleic acid, account for 5.2%.
Claims (4)
1. a breeding method for the white pig of Jin Fen, is characterized in that the cultivation comprising the maternal cultivation of hybridization and the white pig new varieties of Jin Fen, wherein,
The cultivation of described hybridization female parent comprises:
1) using Shanxi local pig breed length pig as female parent, external Danish Landrace is hybridized as male parent, obtains " long horse " cross-bred pig;
2) using local pig breed Erhualian as female parent, external Danish Landrace is hybridized as male parent, obtains " long two " cross-bred pig;
3) as female parent, backcross with Danish Landrace boar using " long two " cross-bred pig, obtain " long two " cross-bred pig, backcross with Danish Landrace boar again with " long two " cross-bred pig sow, obtain " long long two " cross-bred pig;
4) be maternal with " long horse " cross-bred pig, backcross with Danish Landrace boar, obtain " long horse " cross-bred pig offspring;
5) utilize " long long two " hybrid individuality to hybridize with " long horse " hybrid individuality, obtain " long two horses " hybrid population;
6) traversed by between " long two horses " male and female pig individuality, selects outstanding generation in institute's generation in postpartum, composition zero seed selection from generation to generation underlying group;
7) swarm robotic system selection is adopted, binding molecule marker assisted selection technology, 1 year generation, carry out 6 seed selections from generation to generation continuously, the Shanxi White pigs height farrowing cultivating inheritance stability, fertility high is maternal, this strain pig contains Landrace blood lineage 81.25%, Erhualian blood lineage 6.25%, length pig blood lineage 12.5%;
The cultivation of the white pig new varieties of described Jin Fen comprises:
1) reciprocal cross is carried out with Shanxi White pigs high farrow maternal sow and boar and Large White, the hybrid population produced is shaped through traversed by, and set up zero generation underlying group, underlying group is containing length pig blood lineage 6.25%, Erhualian blood lineage 3.125%, Landrace blood lineage 40.625% and Large White blood lineage 50%;
2) adopt swarm robotic system selection, binding molecule mark auxiliary selection method, 1 year generation, continues seed selection through 6 generations, obtains the white pig new varieties of Jin Fen.
2. the white pig breeding method of Jin Fen according to claim 1, is characterized in that in the cultivation of the white pig new varieties of described Jin Fen, and zero generation underlying group and each generation all join 10 sows by 1 boar and carry out random mating, avoid full sibs or half-sib mating.
3. the white pig breeding method of Jin Fen according to claim 1, is characterized in that in the cultivation of the white pig new varieties of described Jin Fen, each generation all carries out the first-born and reserves seed for planting.
4. the white pig breeding method of Jin Fen according to claim 1, is characterized in that in the cultivation of the white pig new varieties of described Jin Fen, with
fSHbsubunit gene carries out marker assisted selection as litter size marker gene.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN105624155A (en) * | 2016-02-29 | 2016-06-01 | 华南农业大学 | Molecular marker influencing feed conversion ratio character of pig and application |
| CN107711685A (en) * | 2016-08-05 | 2018-02-23 | 江苏军曼农业科技有限公司 | High-quality high anti-fast numerous new product chicken genescreen and combined method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN105624155A (en) * | 2016-02-29 | 2016-06-01 | 华南农业大学 | Molecular marker influencing feed conversion ratio character of pig and application |
| CN107711685A (en) * | 2016-08-05 | 2018-02-23 | 江苏军曼农业科技有限公司 | High-quality high anti-fast numerous new product chicken genescreen and combined method |
| CN108770776A (en) * | 2018-04-08 | 2018-11-09 | 广西农垦永新畜牧集团有限公司良圻原种猪场 | A kind of breeding method of the high-quality boar of lean meat species |
| CN108770776B (en) * | 2018-04-08 | 2021-04-16 | 广西农垦永新畜牧集团有限公司良圻原种猪场 | Breeding method of lean-type high-quality breeding pigs |
| CN109673586A (en) * | 2019-03-08 | 2019-04-26 | 云南农业大学 | A kind of breeding method improving Diqing Tibetan pig reproductive performance |
| CN110530477A (en) * | 2019-09-28 | 2019-12-03 | 四川农业大学 | Replacement gilt weight predictor method |
| CN110530477B (en) * | 2019-09-28 | 2021-05-18 | 四川农业大学 | Replacement gilt weight estimation method |
| CN114698585A (en) * | 2020-11-16 | 2022-07-05 | 广东壹号地方猪研究院有限公司 | Method for breeding new variety of black pigs |
| CN115362985A (en) * | 2022-08-31 | 2022-11-22 | 海南省农业科学院畜牧兽医研究所 | Breeding method of new variety of small white pig for experiment |
| CN116138215A (en) * | 2023-04-23 | 2023-05-23 | 成都铁骑力士饲料有限公司 | Production method of commercial Sichuan-Tibetan black pigs with large weight and low backfat thickness |
| CN116138215B (en) * | 2023-04-23 | 2023-07-04 | 成都铁骑力士饲料有限公司 | Production method of commercial Sichuan-Tibetan black pigs with large weight and low backfat thickness |
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