CN109673586A - A kind of breeding method improving Diqing Tibetan pig reproductive performance - Google Patents
A kind of breeding method improving Diqing Tibetan pig reproductive performance Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/02—Breeding vertebrates
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Fodder In General (AREA)
- Feed For Specific Animals (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of breeding methods for improving Diqing Tibetan pig reproductive performance, include the following steps: wild boar boar and Diqing Tibetan pig sow mating, screen wild hiding boar；Duroc boars and Saba pig sow mating, screening Du spread sow；The wild hiding boar selected, which raises Du selected to the 5-6 monthly age and spreads sow and raise to the 6-7 monthly age, passes through 1 post-estrus use；Du spreads and carries out first service with open country hiding boar after second of heat of sow starts 12 hours, and it is primary to be spaced 12 hours compoundings；Piglet birth -10 age in days of 7 age in days carries out supplementary feeding, the wean of -60 age in days of 53 age in days of piglet.The present invention has innovated the Land use systems of Diqing Tibetan pig: first being hybridized respectively with wild boar and Diqing Tibetan pig, duroc and Saba pig, hybridized between two hybrids again, hybridized pig kind reproductive performance of the present invention is more preferable and growth, trunk and meat aspect produce hybrid vigour, and effect is more obvious.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to agriculture and animal husbandry cultural technique fields, and in particular to a kind of cultivation side for improving Diqing Tibetan pig reproductive performance
Method.
Background technique
Diqing Tibetan pig is one of hiding types of swine, has the advantages that adapting to plateau cold low oxygen waits, is with good meat quality, is energy
The grazing-type pig kind for adapting to Altitude cold climate and extensive feeding management condition, it is slow, with good meat quality with farrowing less, growing
Feature, crude protein content, unsaturated fatty acid content and essential fatty acid content are high in muscle, are that one kind meets modern consumption and needs
The health care meat asked.
The existing feeding manner of Diqing Tibetan pig is herded with yak, night returns in host throughout the year based on putting in a suitable place to breed
Appropriate supplementary feeding highland barley, turnip, milk slag etc. afterwards；Breeding wony is the pangamy when field is put in a suitable place to breed, and adult male pig is not stayed in locality,
It is boar pig breeding, the inbreeding mode such as mother and sons' mating, full, half sib mating happens occasionally, and litter size is low: according to sight
It surveys, the litter size of Diqing Tibetan pig only 5-6 head, piglet birth weight only (0.4-0.5) kg/ head；When field is farrowed without Insulation,
It is low that measures, the piglet survival ratios such as piglet supplementary feeding, moisturizing and benefit iron are not carried out yet；The speed of growth is slow: Diqing Tibetan pig under the conditions of field is supported
20kg-60kg daily gain only (318.66 ± 85.08) g, feed-weight ratio 4.86:1, fattening period daily gain is only under the conditions of putting in a suitable place to breed
116.97g/d, fattening to 77.90kg need 615 days (about 1 year and a half), and Diqing Tibetan pig culture efficiency is extremely low.
The shortcomings that breeding method of existing Diqing Tibetan pig, mainly has:
1, the reproductive trait of pig belongs to low-heritability traits, and the time for improving needs by pure breeding breeding is longer, in addition existing
Scheme is to carry out producing and not carrying out breeding with pedigree breeding, and it is bigger that reproductive performance improves difficulty；
2, it is bred using boar pig, boar is not up to body maturation when breeding, and semen quality is not high, and does not carry out purposive
Seed selection and selective pairing is matched using mothers and sons, the height inbreeding mode such as full or half sib mating is freely matched when field is herded
Kind, it can lead to inbreeding depression, litter size, piglet birth weight etc. are natural will not be high；
3, using putting in a suitable place to breed, the processing such as do not kept the temperature, mend iron, feed supplement, moisturizing to suckling pig, feeding and management condition cannot
Meet the physiological requirements of piglet, piglet speed of growth is slow, survival rate is low；
4, it is raised by the way of putting appropriate supplementary feeding at night in a suitable place to breed daytime, the basic nutritional need of sow, piglet does not all obtain
Meet, may cause that piglet litter weight at birth is small or even dead dead in the gestational period, and nursing period growth is slow or even dead, weaned piglet
Survival rate is low.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a kind of breeding methods for improving Diqing Tibetan pig reproductive performance.
To achieve the above object, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
A kind of breeding method improving Diqing Tibetan pig reproductive performance, includes the following steps:
S1, wild boar boar and Diqing Tibetan pig sow mating screen wild hiding boar
The wild boar boar at 4-5 monthly age and the Diqing Tibetan pig sow mating at 4-5 monthly age are selected, by just in institute newborn pig
Raw, wean, 4 monthly ages select three times, and it is spare finally to leave the boar that hair color is muntjac hair color, growth is fast, back fat is thin；
S2, Duroc boars and Saba pig sow mating, screening Du spread sow
The Duroc boars at 8-10 monthly age and the Saba pig sow mating at 5-6 monthly age are selected, in institute newborn pig, by first
Raw, wean, 4 monthly ages are chosen over three times, final choice is without genetic defect, Development of External Genital is normal, teat number 6 to above and
The sow of bilateral symmetry arrangement；
S3 plants swine rearing
The wild hiding boar selected in S1 raise Du selected into 5-6 monthly age, weight 60-70kg, S2 spread sow raise to
6-7 monthly age, weight 50-60kg use by 1 post-estrus；
S4, breeding
Du in S3 spreads and carries out first service with the wild hiding boar in S3 after second of heat of sow starts 12 hours,
It is primary every 12 hours compoundings, and carry out breeding record；
S5, piglet birth
Piglet was born in 3 days, in back leg deep intramuscular injection iron preparation 100mg-150mg, the sub- selenium of musculi colli injection 1%
Sour sodium vitamin E mixture 0.5mL；- 10 age in days of 7 age in days carries out supplementary feeding；The piglet that do not reserve seed for planting is in 7 days or so progress castrations, piglet
The wean of -60 age in days of 53 age in days.
Further, in S1, the superseded ratio control of open country hiding boar is 90%.
Further, in S2, Du spreads the superseded than controlling 40% of sow.
Further, piglet before birth, establishes farrowing house for sow, is equipped with sow farrowing bed, piglet in farrowing house and protects
Incubator, sow position-limited rack or water fountain, before sow to be produced is transferred to delivery room, to sow farrowing bed, piglet insulation box, sow position-limited rack or
Water fountain carries out thorough cleaning and sterilizing.
Further, pregnant sow gestation 110 days, is scrubbed with 36 DEG C of warm water whole bodies, and with 1.5% compound phenol or 0.5%-
1.0% liquor potassic permanganate is transferred to delivery room after sterilizing to vaginal orifice, breast and abdomen.
Further, farrowing house environment temperature is maintained at 18 DEG C -22 DEG C, and humid control is in 60%-70%, air velocity
Within 0.2m/s, piglet region temperature is adjusted by following requirement for control:
Piglet age in days 1-3 days, 30-32 DEG C；Piglet age in days 4-7 days, 28-30 DEG C；
Piglet age in days 8-14 days, 25-28 DEG C；Piglet age in days 15-30 days, 22-25 DEG C.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: a kind of exemplary raising Diqing Tibetan pig breeding of the 1, present invention
The breeding method of performance has innovated the Land use systems of Diqing Tibetan pig: first with wild boar and Diqing Tibetan pig, duroc and Saba pig point
Do not hybridize, then is hybridized between two hybrids.Compared with existing Diqing Tibetan pig Land use systems, the heredity of hybridized pig kind of the present invention
Basis is more extensive, can utilize the hybrid vigour of miscellaneous raw sow simultaneously, and reproductive performance is more preferable and growth, trunk and meat side
Face produces hybrid vigour, and effect is more obvious；In addition, comparing with existing production method, the present invention is during the production of hybrid seeds
Hybrid is largely utilized, purebred swine rearing amount is reduced, and feeding cost is lower, and benefit is more preferable.
2, the exemplary a kind of breeding method for improving Diqing Tibetan pig reproductive performance of the present invention, imports in hybridized pig kind
25% wild boar blood relationship, the content of carnosine extremely significant can be higher than common Diqing Tibetan pig meat, pork nutriture value produced in pork
It is worth higher.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is a kind of exemplary schematic diagram for the breeding method for improving Diqing Tibetan pig reproductive performance of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the structural schematic diagram of alternative solution one of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the structural schematic diagram of alternative solution two of the present invention.
In figure: 1, wild boar boar；2, Diqing Tibetan pig sow；3, Duroc boars；4, Saba pig sow；5, wild hiding boar；
6, Du spreads sow；7, Du spreads boar；8, wild hiding sow；9, dam boar is spread；10, hiding sow is spread；11, market pig one；12, market pig
Two；13, market pig three.
Specific embodiment
Following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention carries out clear, complete
Site preparation description, it is clear that described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.It is based on
Embodiment in the present invention, it is obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts every other
Embodiment shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in Figure 1, the present invention provides the following technical solutions,
A kind of breeding method improving Diqing Tibetan pig reproductive performance, includes the following steps:
S1, wild boar boar 1 mate with Diqing Tibetan pig sow 2, screen wild hiding boar 5
The wild boar boar 1 of 4-5 monthly age, weight in 50kg or so is selected (domestication to be completed and obtains forestry supervisor portion
The special cultivation licensing issued of door) the Diqing Tibetan pig sow 2 with 4-5 monthly age, weight in 40kg or so mates, in institute newborn pig
In chosen seeds with litter weight at birth, weanling weight, the several indexs building multiple selection indexes of hair color, the thickness of backfat, by nascent, disconnected
Milk, 4 monthly ages select three times, and it is spare finally to leave the boar that hair color is the distinctive muntjac hair color of wild boar, growth is fast, back fat is thin, most
Superseded ratio control is 90% or so eventually；
S2, Duroc boars 3 mate with Saba pig sow 4, and screening Du spreads sow 6
Select 8-10 monthly age, weight 100kg or so, the typical Duroc boars 3 of varietal characteristic (headed by platform system Duroc
Choosing, pellet system Duroc or new American Duroc pig also can) the Saba pig sow 4 with 5-6 monthly age, weight in 60kg or so mates,
In institute newborn pig, be chosen over three times by nascent, wean, 4 monthly ages, final choice without genetic defect, Development of External Genital just
Often, teat number 6 eliminates ratio control 40% or so to above and bilateral symmetry arrangement sow；
S3 plants swine rearing
The wild hiding boar 5 selected in S1 raises Du selected into 5-6 monthly age, weight 60-70kg, S2 and spreads the raising of sow 6
To 6-7 monthly age, weight 50-60kg, used by 1 post-estrus；
S4, breeding
Du in S3 spreads and carries out the with wild hiding boar 5 (or sperm) in S3 after second of the heat of sow 6 starts 12 hours
It is primary to be spaced 12 hours compoundings for primary breeding, and carries out breeding record；
S5, piglet birth
Piglet establishes farrowing house before birth, for sow, is equipped with sow farrowing bed, piglet insulation box, sow in farrowing house
Position-limited rack or water fountain, before sow to be produced is transferred to delivery room, to sow farrowing bed, piglet insulation box, sow position-limited rack or water fountain into
The thorough cleaning and sterilizing of row.Pregnant sow gestation 110 days, is scrubbed with 36 DEG C of warm water whole bodies, and with 1.5% compound phenol or 0.5%-
1.0% liquor potassic permanganate is transferred to delivery room after sterilizing to vaginal orifice, breast and abdomen.
Get all the and check overbit pincers before Farrowing ready, the tool of practicing midwifery such as cut dental forceps, towel, thimerosal, the tincture of iodine, heat-insulating lamp.
After piglet is given birth to, the blood in umbilical cord is squeezed toward piglet abdomen, tightened, cut with filament at from piglet abdomen 3cm-4cm
Umbilical cord and with iodine disinfection digs out piglet mouthful with towel, mucus at nose, dries whole body, cuts tooth pincers close to tooth with after disinfection
The upper and lower jaw of piglet totally 8 canine teeth are cut at bed surface, individual is weighed and recorded in detail, sets and dry body surface moisture in incubator.
After piglet birth in 2h, first former drop milk of sow nipple are squeezed out, sterilizes and piglet is allowed after breast to eat colostrum, 3
According to " before weak son, the principle human assistance of Qiang Zaihou " fixes teat in it.
Piglet was born in 3 days, in back leg deep intramuscular injection iron preparation (such as iron-dextrin) 100mg-150mg, neck
1% sodium silenite-vitamin E mixture 0.5mL of intramuscular injection；- 10 age in days of 7 age in days carries out supplementary feeding；The piglet that do not reserve seed for planting was on 7 days left sides
Right carry out castration, the method that castration uses small peach blossom, pays attention to postoperative disinfection.Under general rearing conditions, 53 age in days of piglet -60 days
Age wean, becomes market pig 1, and the preferable person of feeding and management condition can suitably shift to an earlier date weaning time.
Farrowing house environment temperature is maintained at 18 DEG C -22 DEG C, and humid control exists in 60%-70%, air velocity control
Within 0.2m/s, piglet region temperature is adjusted by following requirement:
Piglet age in days 1-3 days, 30-32 DEG C；Piglet age in days 4-7 days, 28-30 DEG C；
Piglet age in days 8-14 days, 25-28 DEG C；Piglet age in days 15-30 days, 22-25 DEG C.
In all pig breeding processes of the present invention, the full price cooperation day for meeting its nutritional need is provided to all pigs
Grain supplements green forage appropriate in conditions permit, and the nutrient content of each every kilogram of daily ration of stage pig is as follows:
The replacement gilt 10-60kg stage: digestible energy 12.13MJ/kg, crude protein 13.00%, calcium 0.70%, total phosphorus 0.60%,
Lysine 0.75%.
After replacement gilt 60kg: digestible energy 12.13MJ/kg, crude protein 13.00%, calcium 0.60%, total phosphorus 0.50% rely
Propylhomoserin 0.63%.
Pregnant sow early period: digestible energy 12.13MJ/kg, crude protein 12.00%, calcium 0.70%, total phosphorus 0.58% rely ammonia
Acid 0.80%.
The pregnant sow later period: digestible energy 12.60MJ/kg, crude protein 14.00%, calcium 0.80%, total phosphorus 0.60% rely ammonia
Acid 0.60%.
Milking sow: digestible energy 12.13MJ/kg, crude protein 14.00%, calcium 0.70%, total phosphorus 0.50%, lysine
0.50%.
Adult male pig: digestible energy 12.97MJ/kg, crude protein 15.00%, calcium 0.75%, total phosphorus 0.60%, lysine
0.80%.
The growing and fattening pigs 10-60kg stage: digestible energy 13.00MJ/kg, crude protein 15.00%, calcium 0.60%, total phosphorus 0.50%,
Lysine 0.75%.
After growing and fattening pigs 60kg: digestible energy 12.50MJ/kg, crude protein 14.00%, calcium 0.50%, total phosphorus 0.40% rely ammonia
Acid 0.63%.
All pigs are standardized stable breeding, by 178824.2 scale pig farm production technology regulation of GB/T and NY/T
The requirement of 1167 livestock and poultry farm environmental qualities and sanitary control specification provides the colony house and installations and facilities for meeting its needs.
The present invention retains its advantage with good meat quality for the main bottleneck problem for restricting the raising of Diqing Tibetan pig production efficiency,
Based on the genetic characteristics of Diqing Tibetan pig reproductive trait, appropriate Foreign blood introduction is hybridized and carries out what combining ability test was found
Reproductive trait coordinate force preferably combines；The mating age and weight for controlling male and female pig, avoid inbred, and guarantee is most preferably matched
Kind effect；The adequate diet for being able to satisfy its physiological requirements is provided to meet sow, piglet growth needs；Change Diqing Tibetan pig
Feeding manner: changing to put in a suitable place to breed and support for standardization field, provides and meets Diqing Tibetan pig sow, the colony house environment that piglet growth needs, full price
Nutrition and feeding and management method, the reproductive performances such as birth weight, weaning weight and the survival rate of piglet are all improved.It is managed from raising
Necessary environmental basis is provided for giving full play to for its reproductive performance in reason, finally on the basis of reservation Diqing Tibetan pig is with good meat quality
The reproductive performance for increasing substantially Diqing Tibetan pig solves the problems, such as to restrict the main bottleneck that Diqing Tibetan pig production efficiency improves.
Technical solution according to the invention is verified, through research and development in 3 years and repeatedly according to the method for the invention patent, sow
Number born alive is reachable up to (0.92 ± 0.05) kg, 21 age in days litter weights up to (10.6 ± 0.9) head, the nascent individual weight of piglet
60 days (46.14 ± 6.16) kg, piglet wean individual weights up to (9.96 ± 1.72) kg, 60 days weaning piglets up to (8.3 ±
1.2) head, number of weaned is up to (81.21 ± 15.22) %.Compared with the Diqing Tibetan pig of existing scheme cultivation, number born alive is mentioned
High 100%, the nascent individual weight of piglet improves 155.56%, 21 age in days litter weights and improves 719.54%, the nascent individual of litter size, piglet
Weight, 21 age in days litter weights, weaned piglet individual weight and number of weaned are greatly improved, and the speed of growth of market pig is obvious
Accelerate, carcass lean meat percentage, meat are more than the Diqingzangzu of prior art cultivation, and aquaculture cost significantly reduces.
For the present invention, have following two scheme that can substitute technical solution of the present invention, two kinds of technical solutions are as follows:
Alternative solution 1: as shown in Fig. 2, be equally using wild boar, Diqing Tibetan pig, Duroc, Saba pig carry out the production of hybrid seeds, but
It is by the way of reciprocal cross, it may be assumed that Du, which is selected and remain, in Duroc boars 3 and the given birth to offspring of the mating of Saba pig sow 4 spreads boar 7,
Wild boar boar 1 and Diqing Tibetan pig sow 2, which mate, selects and remain open country in give birth to offspring and hides sow 8, then with selecting and remain the public sow mating got off
Generate market pig 2 12.
Alternative solution 2: as shown in figure 3, this programme does not have to wild boar, Duroc, Saba pig and Diqing Tibetan pig are only used, first with spreading
Dam boar 9 and Diqing Tibetan pig sow 2 mate, and select and remain sow in give birth to offspring, then with Duroc boars 3 with select and remain spreading of getting off
Hide the mating production market pig 3 13 of sow 10.
Both the above technical solution inventor has been carried out research in R&D process, can also reach and improve enlightening celebrating
Hide the purpose of swine reproduction performance.But the increase rate of both the above technical solution is not so good as the skill of the technical solution adopted by the present invention
Art effect is good.
Finally, it should be noted that these are only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it is not intended to restrict the invention, although
Present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, for those skilled in the art, still can be right
Technical solution documented by foregoing embodiments is modified or equivalent replacement of some of the technical features.It is all
Within the spirit and principles in the present invention, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and so on should be included in protection of the invention
Within the scope of.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of breeding method for improving Diqing Tibetan pig reproductive performance, characterized by the following steps:
S1, wild boar boar and Diqing Tibetan pig sow mating screen wild hiding boar
The wild boar boar at 4-5 monthly age and the Diqing Tibetan pig sow mating at 4-5 monthly age are selected, by nascent, disconnected in institute newborn pig
Milk, 4 monthly ages select three times, and it is spare finally to leave the boar that hair color is muntjac hair color, growth is fast, back fat is thin；
The wild boar boar of 4-5 monthly age, weight in 50kg is selected (domestication to be completed and obtains the spy that forestry authorities issue
Kind cultivation licensing) with the 4-5 monthly age, weight 40kg or so Diqing Tibetan pig sow mating, with first raw body in institute newborn pig
The several index building multiple selection indexes of weight, weanling weight, hair color, the thickness of backfat are chosen seeds, by nascent, wean, 4 monthly ages three
Secondary selection, it is spare finally to leave the boar that hair color is the distinctive muntjac hair color of wild boar, growth is fast, back fat is thin, finally eliminates ratio
Control is 90% or so；
S2, Duroc boars and Saba pig sow mating, screening Du spread sow
The Duroc boars at 8-10 monthly age and the Saba pig sow mating at 5-6 monthly age are selected, in institute newborn pig, by coming into being,
Wean, 4 monthly ages are chosen over three times, and final choice is without genetic defect, Development of External Genital is normal, teat number 6 is to above and left
The sow of right symmetric arrays；
Select 8-10 monthly age, weight 100kg or so, the typical Duroc of varietal characteristic (with platform system Duroc for preferred, red system Du
Lip river gram or new American Duroc pig also can) boar and 5-6 monthly age, weight 60kg or so Saba pig sow mating, in institute newborn
It in pig, is chosen over three times by nascent, wean, 4 monthly ages, final choice is without genetic defect, Development of External Genital is normal, teat
Number 6 eliminates ratio control 40% or so to above and bilateral symmetry arrangement sow；
S3 plants swine rearing
The wild hiding boar selected in S1, which raises Du selected into 5-6 monthly age, weight 60-70kg, S2 and spreads sow, to be raised to the 6-7 month
Age, weight 50-60kg use by 1 post-estrus；
S4, breeding
Du in S3 spreads and carries out first service, interval 12 with the wild hiding boar in S3 after second of heat of sow starts 12 hours
Hour compounding is primary, and carries out breeding record；
S5, piglet birth
Piglet was born in 3 days, and in back leg deep intramuscular injection iron preparation 100mg-150mg, musculi colli injects 1% sodium selenite
Vitamin E mixture 0.5mL；- 10 age in days of 7 age in days carries out supplementary feeding；The piglet that do not reserve seed for planting was in 7 days or so progress castrations, and piglet 53 days
The wean of -60 age in days of age.
2. a kind of breeding method for improving Diqing Tibetan pig reproductive performance according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in S1,
The superseded ratio control of open country hiding boar is 90%.
3. a kind of breeding method for improving Diqing Tibetan pig reproductive performance according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in S2,
Du spreads the superseded than controlling 40% of sow.
4. a kind of breeding method for improving Diqing Tibetan pig reproductive performance according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: piglet goes out
Before death, farrowing house is established for sow, is equipped with sow farrowing bed, piglet insulation box, sow position-limited rack or water fountain in farrowing house,
Before sow to be produced is transferred to delivery room, thorough cleaning and sterilizing is carried out to sow farrowing bed, piglet insulation box, sow position-limited rack or water fountain.
5. a kind of breeding method for improving Diqing Tibetan pig reproductive performance according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: gestation is female
Pig gestation 110 days, is scrubbed with 36 DEG C of warm water whole bodies, and with 1.5% compound phenol or 0.5%-1.0% liquor potassic permanganate to yin
Delivery room is transferred to after door, breast and abdomen disinfection.
6. a kind of breeding method for improving Diqing Tibetan pig reproductive performance according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: sow produces
Room environment temperature is maintained at 18 DEG C -22 DEG C, and humid control controls the piglet institute within 0.2m/s in 60%-70%, air velocity
In regional temperature by following requirement adjustment:
Piglet age in days 1-3 days, 30-32 DEG C；Piglet age in days 4-7 days, 28-30 DEG C；
Piglet age in days 8-14 days, 25-28 DEG C；Piglet age in days 15-30 days, 22-25 DEG C.
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