CN109673586B - Cultivation method for improving reproductive performance of Diqing Tibetan pigs - Google Patents
Cultivation method for improving reproductive performance of Diqing Tibetan pigs Download PDFInfo
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- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/02—Breeding vertebrates
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Abstract
The invention discloses a breeding method for improving reproductive performance of Diqing Tibetan pigs, which comprises the following steps: mating the wild boar with the Tibet pig sow, and screening the wild boar; mating Duroc boars with sow pigs in the spilled dam, and screening the Duroc sows; feeding the selected wild Tibetan boars to 5-6 months of age, feeding the selected Du-Sa sows to 6-7 months of age, and using after 1 oestrus; after the second oestrus of the Du-Sa sows begins for 12 hours, carrying out first breeding on the Du-Sa sows by using wild Tibetan pigs, and carrying out compounding once at intervals of 12 hours; the piglets are fed after the birth of 7-10 days old, and weaned after the piglets are 53-60 days old. The invention innovates the utilization mode of the Diqing Tibetan pigs: the wild boar, the Diqing tibet pig, the Duroc pig and the Saba pig are respectively hybridized and then the hybridization is carried out between two hybrids, the hybrid pig has better reproductive performance, and has hybrid advantages in growth, carcass and meat quality, and the effect is more obvious.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of farming and pasturing, and particularly relates to a cultivation method for improving reproductive performance of Diqing tibetan pigs.
Background
The Diqing Tibetan pig is one of Tibetan pigs, has the advantages of adaptability to high altitude cold hypoxic climate and good meat quality, is a grazing type pig breed which can adapt to high altitude cold hypoxic climate and extensive feeding management conditions, has the characteristics of less farrowing, slow growth and good meat quality, has high crude protein content, unsaturated fatty acid content and essential fatty acid content in muscle, and is health-care meat meeting the modern consumption requirements.
The existing breeding mode of the Diqing Tibetan pigs is mainly free-ranging, the Diqing Tibetan pigs are grazed with yaks all the year round, and highland barley, turnip, milk residues and the like are properly supplemented after the Diqingzang pigs return to the owners home at night; the breeding mode is free mating when stocking in the field, and local adult boars are not reserved, and are all boar breeding, inbreeding modes such as female-child mating, full-sib mating and half-sib mating occur occasionally, the litter size is low: according to observation, the litter size of the Di Qing Tibetan pigs is only 5-6, and the birth weight of piglets is only (0.4-0.5) kg/head; no heat preservation measures are taken during field farrowing, and measures such as piglet supplementary feeding, water replenishing and iron replenishing are not taken, so that the survival rate of piglets is low; the growth speed is slow: the daily gain of 20kg-60kg of the Diqing tibetan pig under the field culture condition is only (318.66 +/-85.08) g, the feed weight ratio is 4.86:1, the daily gain of the Diqing tibetan pig during the fattening period under the free-ranging condition is only 116.97g/d, 615 days (about 1 year and half) are needed when the Diqing tibetan pig is fattened to 77.90kg, and the breeding benefit of the Diqing tibetan pig is extremely low.
The existing cultivation method of the Diqing Tibetan pigs has the following main defects:
1. the breeding character of the pig belongs to the low heritability character, the time for improving the breeding performance through pure breeding is longer, and in addition, the existing scheme adopts pure breeding for production and does not carry out breeding, so the difficulty for improving the breeding performance is higher;
2. the boars are bred, the boars do not reach the maturity during breeding, the semen quality is low, purposeful breeding and matching are not carried out, and the boars are freely bred in a high inbreeding mode such as maternal-offspring matching, holosib mating or hemisib mating in field grazing, so that inbreeding decline can be caused, and the litter size, piglet birth weight and the like are naturally not high;
3. the breeding is adopted, the treatments of heat preservation, iron supplement, material supplement, water supplement and the like are not carried out on the suckling piglets, the breeding management conditions can not meet the physiological needs of the piglets, the growth speed of the piglets is slow, and the survival rate is low;
4. the piglets are bred in a mode of stocking in the daytime and supplementing the feed properly at night, so that the basic nutritional requirements of the sows and the piglets are not met, the piglets are likely to have small birth weight and even die in the gestation period, grow slowly or even die in the lactation period, and the weaning survival rate of the piglets is low.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a cultivation method for improving the reproductive performance of Diqing Tibetan pigs.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a cultivation method for improving reproductive performance of Diqing Tibetan pigs comprises the following steps:
s1, mating wild boar with Tibet pig sow, and screening wild Tibetan boar
Selecting a wild boar with the age of 4-5 months to mate with a di Qing Tibetan sow with the age of 4-5 months, and selecting the boar with the age of 4 months for three times of birth, weaning and birth, and finally leaving a boar with the hair color of chamois, fast growth and thin backfat for later use;
s2, mating Duroc boars with sow pigs in the dam, and screening the Duroc sows
Selecting Duroc boars of 8-10 months of age to mate with sows of 5-6 months of age in the dam, repeatedly selecting the pigs for three times of birth, weaning and 4 months of age in born piglets, and finally selecting sows which have no genetic defect, normal external genitalia development, more than 6 pairs of milk heads and are symmetrically arranged left and right;
s3, breeding pigs
Feeding wild Tibetan boars selected in S1 to 5-6 months of age and 60-70kg of weight, feeding Du Sa sows selected in S2 to 6-7 months of age and 50-60kg of weight, and using after 1 estrus;
s4, mating
Carrying out first hybridization on the Dusa sows in the S3 after the second oestrus of the Dusa sows starts for 12 hours by using the wild Tibetan sows in the S3, compounding once every 12 hours, and making hybridization records;
s5, the birth of the piglet
Within 3 days of the birth of the piglets, 100mg-150mg of iron preparation is injected into the deep muscles of the hind legs, and 0.5mL of 1% sodium selenite vitamin E mixture is injected into the neck muscles; supplementing feed at 7-10 days old; the piglets without the seeds are castrated for about 7 days, and the piglets are weaned from 53-60 days old.
Further, in S1, the culling ratio of the wild tibetan boars was controlled at 90%.
Further, in S2, the culling ratio of the dusa sow was controlled to 40%.
Furthermore, before the piglets are born, a sow delivery room is established for the sows, a sow delivery bed, a piglet insulation can, a sow limiting frame or a water fountain are arranged in the sow delivery room, and the sow delivery bed, the piglet insulation can, the sow limiting frame or the water fountain are thoroughly cleaned and disinfected before the sows for delivery are transferred into the delivery room.
Further, the pregnant sow is washed by warm water at 36 ℃ for whole body in 110 days of gestation, and is transferred into a delivery room after disinfection of the vulva, the breast and the abdomen by 1.5 percent of compound phenol or 0.5 to 1.0 percent of potassium permanganate solution.
Further, the environment temperature of the sow delivery room is kept at 18-22 ℃, the humidity is controlled at 60-70%, the air flow rate is controlled within 0.2m/s, and the temperature of the area where the piglets are located is adjusted according to the following requirements:
piglet age 1-3 days, 30-32 deg.C; piglet ages in days 4-7, 28-30 deg.C;
the piglet ages in days of 8-14 days at 25-28 ℃; the piglet is 15-30 days old and 22-25 deg.C.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: 1. the breeding method for improving the reproductive performance of the Diqing Tibetan pigs disclosed by the invention innovates the utilization mode of the Diqing Tibetan pigs: wild boars, Daqing tibet pigs, Duroc pigs and Suzhongba pigs are respectively hybridized and then the hybridization is carried out between the two hybrids. Compared with the existing utilization mode of the Diqing Tibetan pigs, the genetic basis of the hybrid pig breed is wider, the heterosis of the hybrid male pig and the hybrid female pig can be simultaneously utilized, the reproductive performance is better, the heterosis is generated in the aspects of growth, carcass and meat quality, and the effect is more obvious; in addition, compared with the existing production mode, the invention greatly utilizes the hybrid in the seed production process, reduces the feeding amount of the pure breeding pigs, has lower feeding cost and better benefit.
2. According to the breeding method for improving the reproductive performance of the Tibet pig, 25% of wild boar blood margin is introduced into the hybrid pig, the content of carnosine in pork is remarkably higher than that of common Tibet pork, and the produced pork has higher nutritional value.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a breeding method for improving reproductive performance of a di qing tibet pig according to an example of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an alternative embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an alternative embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. boar boars; 2. the di qing tibet sow; 3. duroc boars; 4. dam-spreading sows; 5. wild Tibetan boars; 6. du Sa sow; 7. dusa boars; 8. wild Tibetan sows; 9. spreading the dam boar; 10. scattering and storing the sows; 11. commercial pig I; 12. a second commercial pig; 13. and 3, commercial pig III.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the present invention provides a technical solution,
a cultivation method for improving reproductive performance of Diqing Tibetan pigs comprises the following steps:
s1, mating wild boar 1 with Tibet pig sow 2, and screening wild Tibetan boar 5
Selecting a boar 1 (which is artificially domesticated and obtains a special culture permit issued by a forestry administration department) with the age of 4-5 months and the weight of about 50kg to mate with a Di Qing Tibetan pig sow 2 with the age of 4-5 months and the weight of about 40kg, constructing a comprehensive selection index according to the birth weight, the weaning weight, the hair color and the backfat thickness in a born piglet, selecting for breeding for three times of birth, weaning and 4 months, finally leaving a boar with the hair color of the special chamois hair color of the boar, fast growth and thin backfat the back for later use, and finally controlling the elimination proportion to be about 90%;
s2, mating Duroc boar 3 with sow 4, and screening Duzao sow 6
Selecting Duroc boars 3 (preferred by Taiwan Duroc, Dan system Duroc or Xinmei system Duroc) with 8-10 months of age, weight of about 100kg and typical breed characteristics to mate with dam-spreading sows and sows 4 with 5-6 months of age and weight of about 60kg, repeatedly selecting the piglets for three times of birth, weaning and 4 months of age, and finally selecting sows which have no genetic defect, normal external genitalia development, 6 pairs of milk heads and are symmetrically arranged left and right, wherein the elimination proportion is controlled to be about 40%;
s3, breeding pigs
Feeding wild Tibetan boar 5 selected in S1 to 5-6 months old and 60-70kg of body weight, feeding Du Sa sow 6 selected in S2 to 6-7 months old and 50-60kg of body weight, and using after 1 estrus;
s4, mating
After the Dusa sow 6 in the S3 ruts for the second time and 12 hours later, carrying out first hybridization by using the wild Tibetan boar 5 (or the semen) in the S3, compounding once every 12 hours, and making a hybridization record;
s5, the birth of the piglet
Before the piglets are born, a sow delivery room is established for the sows, a sow delivery bed, a piglet insulation can and a sow limiting frame or a water fountain are arranged in the sow delivery room, and the sow delivery bed, the piglet insulation can and the sow limiting frame or the water fountain are thoroughly cleaned and disinfected before the sows to be born are transferred into the delivery room. The pregnant sow is washed with warm water at 36 ℃ for 110 days of pregnancy, and then the pregnant sow is transferred into a delivery room after disinfection of the vulva, the breasts and the abdomen by using 1.5 percent of compound phenol or 0.5 to 1.0 percent of potassium permanganate solution.
The sow is prepared before parturition and examined the delivery tools such as ear forceps, tooth cutting forceps, towels, disinfectant, iodine tincture, heat preservation lamps and the like. After the piglets are delivered, the blood in the umbilical cord is extruded to the abdomen of the piglets, the part 3cm-4cm away from the abdomen of the piglets is tied by a thin thread, the umbilical cord is cut off and disinfected by iodine, mucus at the mouth and the nose of the piglets is drawn out by a towel, the whole body is wiped dry, 8 canine teeth of the upper and the lower jaws of the piglets are cut off at the position close to the surface of a dental bed by disinfected cutting pliers, the individuals are weighed and recorded in detail, and the body surface moisture is baked dry in an incubator.
In 2h after the piglets are born, the first few drops of milk on the nipples of the sows are squeezed out, the piglets eat colostrums after the breasts are disinfected, and the teats are fixed by manual assistance according to the principle of 'before weak piglets and after strong piglets' within 3 days.
Within 3 days of the birth of the piglet, 100mg-150mg of iron preparation (such as iron dextran) is injected into deep muscles of the hind legs, and 0.5mL of 1% sodium selenite vitamin E mixture is injected into neck muscles; supplementing feed at 7-10 days old; castration is carried out on the piglets without the seeds for about 7 days, a method of peach blossom is adopted for castration, and postoperative disinfection is paid attention. Under the general feeding condition, the piglets wean from 53-60 days old to become commercial pigs I11, and the feeding management condition is better, so that the weaning time can be properly advanced.
The environment temperature of a sow delivery room is kept at 18-22 ℃, the humidity is controlled at 60-70%, the air flow rate is controlled within 0.2m/s, and the temperature of a region where piglets are positioned is adjusted according to the following requirements:
piglet age 1-3 days, 30-32 deg.C; piglet ages in days 4-7, 28-30 deg.C;
the piglet ages in days of 8-14 days at 25-28 ℃; the piglet is 15-30 days old and 22-25 deg.C.
In the feeding process of all pigs, the invention provides all pigs with complete formula daily ration meeting the nutritional requirements of the pigs, and proper green feed is supplemented when the conditions allow, and the nutrient content of each kilogram of daily ration of the pigs at each stage is as follows:
10-60kg stage of replacement pig: 12.13MJ/kg of digestion energy, 13.00 percent of crude protein, 0.70 percent of calcium, 0.60 percent of total phosphorus and 0.75 percent of lysine.
60kg of replacement pigs are as follows: 12.13MJ/kg of digestion energy, 13.00 percent of crude protein, 0.60 percent of calcium, 0.50 percent of total phosphorus and 0.63 percent of lysine.
The early stage of pregnant sows: 12.13MJ/kg of digestion energy, 12.00 percent of crude protein, 0.70 percent of calcium, 0.58 percent of total phosphorus and 0.80 percent of lysine.
In the later period of pregnant sows: 12.60MJ/kg of digestion energy, 14.00 percent of crude protein, 0.80 percent of calcium, 0.60 percent of total phosphorus and 0.60 percent of lysine.
Nursing sows: 12.13MJ/kg of digestion energy, 14.00 percent of crude protein, 0.70 percent of calcium, 0.50 percent of total phosphorus and 0.50 percent of lysine.
Adult boars: 12.97MJ/kg of digestion energy, 15.00 percent of crude protein, 0.75 percent of calcium, 0.60 percent of total phosphorus and 0.80 percent of lysine.
Fattening pigs in 10-60kg stage: the digestion energy is 13.00MJ/kg, the crude protein is 15.00 percent, the calcium is 0.60 percent, the total phosphorus is 0.50 percent, and the lysine is 0.75 percent.
After fattening pigs by 60 kg: 12.50MJ/kg of digestion energy, 14.00 percent of crude protein, 0.50 percent of calcium, 0.40 percent of total phosphorus and 0.63 percent of lysine.
All pigs are subjected to standardized captive breeding, and a colony house and equipment facilities meeting the requirements are provided according to the GB/T178824.2 scale pig farm production technical regulation and the NY/T1167 livestock farm environmental quality and sanitation control standard requirements.
Aiming at the main bottleneck problem restricting the improvement of the production efficiency of the Diqing Tibetan pigs, the invention keeps the advantage of good meat quality, and properly introduces external blood for hybridization and tests the combining ability to find a combination with good combining ability of the reproductive traits based on the genetic characteristics of the reproductive traits of the Diqing Tibetan pigs; controlling the breeding age and weight of the male and the female pigs, avoiding inbreeding and ensuring the optimal breeding effect; providing a complete ration which can meet the physiological needs of the sows and the piglets so as to meet the growth needs of the sows and the piglets; the breeding mode of the Diqing Tibetan pigs is changed: the stocking is changed into the standard field breeding, a colony house environment, full nutrition and feeding management method meeting the growth requirements of the sows and the piglets of the Tibet pig are provided, and the reproductive performance of the piglets, such as birth weight, weaning weight, survival rate and the like, is improved. Provides a necessary environmental basis for the full play of the reproductive performance of the Diqing Tibetan pigs from the aspect of feeding management, greatly improves the reproductive performance of the Diqing Tibetan pigs on the basis of keeping the good meat quality of the Diqing Tibetan pigs, and solves the main bottleneck problem of restricting the improvement of the production efficiency of the Diqing Tibetan pigs.
According to the technical scheme of the invention, through 3 years of research and development and repeated verification, according to the method disclosed by the invention, the number of live piglets of the sow can reach (10.6 +/-0.9), the birth individual weight of piglets can reach (0.92 +/-0.05) kg, the litter weight of piglets at 21 days can reach (46.14 +/-6.16) kg, the individual weight of piglets weaning in 60 days can reach (9.96 +/-1.72) kg, the number of piglets weaning in 60 days can reach (8.3 +/-1.2), and the weaning survival rate can reach (81.21 +/-15.22)%. Compared with the Diqing Tibetan pigs bred by the existing scheme, the number of live piglets is increased by 100%, the newborn individual weight of the piglets is increased by 155.56%, the nest weight at 21 days is increased by 719.54%, the number of born piglets, the newborn individual weight of the piglets, the nest weight at 21 days, the weaning individual weight of the piglets and the weaning survival rate are all greatly increased, the growth speed of the commercial pigs is obviously accelerated, the carcass lean meat percentage and the meat quality are all higher than those of the Diqingzang pigs bred by the existing technical scheme, and the breeding cost is obviously reduced.
Aiming at the invention, the following two schemes can replace the technical scheme of the invention, and the two technical schemes are as follows:
alternative 1: as shown in fig. 2, wild boars, diqing tibet pigs, duroc pigs and sakazao pigs are also used for seed production, but the method of backcross is adopted, namely: dubian boars 7 are selected and reserved from the postnatal generations of the mating between the Duroc boars 3 and the sow sows 4 in the Duroc, wild sows 8 are selected and reserved from the postnatal generations of the mating between the wild boars 1 and the sow sows 2 in the Diqing province, and the selected and reserved boars are mated to produce commercial pigs II 12.
Alternative 2: as shown in figure 3, the scheme does not use wild pigs, only uses Duroc, Bake pigs and Diqing Tibetan pigs, firstly uses the Bake boar 9 and the Diqing Tibetan sow 2 to mate, selects and reserves the sow in the postnatal period, and then uses the Duroc boar 3 and the selected and reserved Bake sow 10 to mate to produce the commercial pig III 13.
The inventor of the two technical schemes researches in the research and development process, and can achieve the purpose of improving the reproductive performance of the Diqing Tibetan pigs. However, the improvement range of the above two technical schemes is not as good as the technical scheme adopted by the invention.
Finally, it should be noted that: although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art will understand that various changes, modifications and substitutions can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. A cultivation method for improving reproductive performance of Diqing Tibetan pigs is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, mating wild boar with Tibet pig sow, and screening wild Tibetan boar
Selecting a 4-5 month-old boar which is artificially domesticated and has a weight of 50kg and a special culture permit issued by a forestry administration department to mate with a 4-5 month-old sow which is Diqing Tibetan and has a weight of about 40kg, constructing a comprehensive selection index according to the indexes of birth weight, weaning weight, hair color and backfat thickness in a born piglet, selecting for breeding for three times of birth, weaning and 4 month-old, and finally leaving a boar which has hair color of special chamois hair color of the boar, quick growth and thin backfat the back for later use, wherein the elimination proportion is controlled to be about 90 percent;
s2, mating Duroc boars with sow pigs in the dam, and screening the Duroc sows
Selecting Duroc boars with 8-10 months of age, weight of about 100kg, typical breed characteristics and the dam casting sows with 5-6 months of age and weight of about 60kg for mating, and in the born piglets, repeatedly selecting for three times of birth, weaning and 4 months of age, finally selecting sows which have no genetic defect, normal external genitalia development, 6 pairs of milk heads and are symmetrically arranged left and right, and controlling the elimination proportion to be about 40%;
s3, breeding pigs
Feeding wild Tibetan boars selected in S1 to 5-6 months of age and 60-70kg of weight, feeding Du Sa sows selected in S2 to 6-7 months of age and 50-60kg of weight, and using after 1 estrus;
s4, mating
Carrying out first hybridization on the Dusa sows in the S3 after the second oestrus of the Dusa sows starts for 12 hours by using the wild Tibetan sows in the S3, compounding once every 12 hours, and making hybridization records;
s5, the birth of the piglet
Within 3 days of the birth of the piglets, 100mg-150mg of iron preparation is injected into the deep muscles of the hind legs, and 0.5mL of 1% sodium selenite vitamin E mixture is injected into the neck muscles; supplementing feed at 7-10 days old; castration is carried out on the piglets without the seeds for about 7 days, and the piglets are weaned from 53-60 days old;
the environment temperature of a sow delivery room is kept at 18-22 ℃, the humidity is controlled at 60-70%, the air flow rate is controlled within 0.2m/s, and the temperature of a region where piglets are positioned is adjusted according to the following requirements:
piglet age 1-3 days, 30-32 deg.C; piglet ages in days 4-7, 28-30 deg.C;
the piglet ages in days of 8-14 days at 25-28 ℃; the piglet is 15-30 days old and 22-25 deg.C.
2. A breeding method for improving reproductive performance of diqing tibet pigs according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: before the piglets are born, a sow delivery room is established for the sows, a sow delivery bed, a piglet insulation can and a sow limiting frame or a water fountain are arranged in the sow delivery room, and the sow delivery bed, the piglet insulation can and the sow limiting frame or the water fountain are thoroughly cleaned and disinfected before the sows to be born are transferred into the delivery room.
3. A breeding method for improving reproductive performance of diqing tibet pigs according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the pregnant sow is washed with warm water at 36 ℃ for 110 days of pregnancy, and then the pregnant sow is transferred into a delivery room after disinfection of the vulva, the breasts and the abdomen by using 1.5 percent of compound phenol or 0.5 to 1.0 percent of potassium permanganate solution.
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