CN101288390A - Wild pig, domestic pig and hybrid pig cross breeding and feeding method - Google Patents
Wild pig, domestic pig and hybrid pig cross breeding and feeding method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a crossing breeding and feeding method of wild boars, domestic pigs and hybrid pigs. The wild boars are not fit for feeding and popularization for the reasons that the number of the wild boars is limited, the meat is not fine and the skin is thick, and mouthfeel is worse. The wild boars are oestrous seasonably, produce fewer piglets, and are not easy to feed wild boars. However, the interest of people of pursuing venison and changing taste is increasing. The method for domesticating wild boars is a task that people pay attention to. The method includes: choosing long and white sows or big and white sows, carrying out crossing breeding through crossing generation I, backcrossing generation II, horizontal crossing generation I, and side crossing generation II of the sows and wild boars, total 6 generations. 12-16 months are required for one generation; or choosing duroc sows, carrying out crossing breeding through crossing generation I, backcrossing generation I, horizontal crossing generation II within lines, and horizontal crossing generation III among lines of the duroc sows and wild boars, total 7 generations, 12-14 months are required for each generation. The crossing breeding and feeding method of wild boars is used for crossing breeding and feeding.
Description
Technical field:
The invention relates to a kind of method of wild boar crossbreeding and improvement.
Background technology:
The limited amount of wild boar own, the meat tertia is thick, reasons such as meat taste difference are not suitable for raising and train merely popularization, and the wild boar seasonality oestruses, farrowing less, be difficult for raising.And people seek game and the interest of improving taste constantly increases.The tame breeding method of wild boar becomes the problem that people widely pay close attention to.
Summary of the invention:
The purpose of the invention is to set up a kind of offspring who breeds tame pig and wild boar hybridization, make this offspring collect the length of tame pig wild boar, demonstrate hybrid vigour preferably, the pig that this method is cultivated had both been inherited wild boar lean meat percentage height, and adaptability is strong, and game is dense, can overcome the wild boar seasonality again oestruses, farrowing less and be difficult for shortcoming such as raising makes it normal propagating and breeding, and then for green non-pollution, delicious meat, low fat, meat product that nutrient component is high are provided on people's dining table.
The purpose of the invention is achieved in that
Wild pig, domestic pig and hybrid pig cross breeding and feeding method, its composition comprises: to raising and management, hybridization and the reproductive process of male and female pig and piglet, select long white or Da Bai sow and wild boar by hybridized for 1 generation, 1 generation of 1 generation of 1 band of backcrossing, traversed by, top-cross, pure breeding 2 generation method breed, totally 6 generations, in per generation, need 12-14 month.
Another kind of Wild pig, domestic pig and hybrid pig cross breeding and feeding method, its composition comprises: to raising and management, hybridization and the reproductive process of male and female pig and piglet, select Du Luoke sow and wild boar by hybridized for 1 generation, 1 band of backcrossing, 2 generations of traversed by in the strain, traversed by 3 generation method is bred between strain, totally 7 generations, in per generation, need 12-14 month time.
Described Wild pig, domestic pig and hybrid pig cross breeding and feeding method, raising and the management of described boar comprise: a, bigger colony house area, more than at least 7 square metres; B. forage volume is the 1/4-1/2 of convention amount, and total nutritional amt remains unchanged, and green fodder increases; C. breeding time is the birth back 12-14 monthly age, and body weight 70-80 kilogram adopts natural mating in the boar house) method, adopt the mode that repeats mating, post-coitum repeated mating once in 10-12 hour at interval more for the first time.
Described Wild pig, domestic pig and hybrid pig cross breeding and feeding method, raising and the management of described sow comprise: the every hurdle of farrowing sow 1-2 head, adopt the wet-mixing material to feed foster, every day, scale of feeding was at 1-1.5kg, fed every day 3 times, at 107 days, sow should enter the delivery room, avoid noise, divide the puerperium should feed the water that adds small amounts of salts and wheat bran, progressively feed, in sows in lactation, should give nutritious, rich in proteins height, the feed of mineral salt and vitamin, particularly lactation first month, guarantee enough drinking-water, preceding 3-5 days of wean should reduce the nursing of sow fine fodder and succulence material gradually.
Described Wild pig, domestic pig and hybrid pig cross breeding and feeding method, described feeding piglet and management comprise: disconnected navel: the 2-3 centimetre refers to the finger-nail pressing navel that break, and sterilizes food in one's mouth colostrum with 5% tincture of iodine, the incubator temperature is at 25-30 ℃, began in advance to opening foodstuff by 5-8 days, increase gradually, benefit iron, epidemic prevention, weaning period will be grown, in 40-50 days, wean, primitive pit a group as far as possible, growing and fattening pigs were raised 9-12 month, delivered body weight 100-120 kilogram for sale.
This technical scheme has following beneficial effect:
1. in the last few years, along with significantly improving of people's living standard, people are not only having more and higher requirement to the demand of meat on the output but also on kind and quality, wish to have the mountain delicacy game, wish edible meat flavour deliciousness, pollution-free, low fat, the meat product that nutrient component is high.So the delicious food of much being raised through artificial propagation by wildlife has been arranged on people's the dining table.China is pork production and consumption big country, all accounts for the No. 1 in the world.People also improve the approach of meat quality and increase pork kind in positive seeking when making great efforts to improve pork output, this becomes the direction and goal of a lot of pig breeding persons and producer's work.Therefore, a new branch during the crossbreed that utilizes the wild boar resource to carry out pig becomes pig breeding and produces is to origin or beginning.
2. the present invention is by carrying out the research on the molecular level to the wild boar breeding, directive breeding new varieties, new lines and new monoid, and its genetic resources of rational exploitation and utilization is produced more and better kind the important theory foundation is provided.The wild boar functional gene is carried out the correlation analysis of cloning and sequencing, location and gene pleiomorphism and productivity, utilization and target gene have closely linked dna molecular marker to target gene in the seed selection process separate and reorganization is followed the tracks of, protected by conscious selecting and remain, make it not lose because of genetic drift; Shorten the generation interval, increase the accuracy of selecting, thereby improve the genetic progress of wild boar breeding.Significantly improve the wild boar productivity.
3. the offspring of tame pig and wild boar hybridization, the length that collects tame pig wild boar, demonstrate hybrid vigour preferably, both inherited wild boar lean meat percentage height, adaptability is strong, game is dense, can overcome the wild boar seasonality again and oestrus, farrowing less and be difficult for shortcoming such as raising makes it normal propagating and breeding, for green non-pollution, delicious meat, low fat, meat product that nutrient component is high are provided on people's dining table, satisfy the characteristics of modern humans's nutritional need.
The seed selection validity check
(1) check seed selection effect should be calculated hereditary input by generation, and carries out combining ability test.
(2) the respectively generation pig of seed selection all should carry out the inspection of the uniformity and the uniformity of the main economic characters of macroscopic features, and calculates the average coefficient of consanguinity and inbreeding coefficient.
The performance measurement assay method:
Measure proterties.Comprise: nest litter size and nest are bred a number, the average thickness of backfat, feed conversion rate when reserving seed for planting average daily gain, the 90-100kg of 30～100kg of pig, 20～100kg average daily gain of slaughter pig, estimation carcass lean meat percentage and meat index, 100kg carcass lean meat percentage, cutability and main meat proterties.
4. the present invention can make parents' gene reconfigure by hybridization, forms various type, for selecting to provide abundant material; The excellent genes that genetic recombination can be controlled parents various trait is incorporated into one, or the different minor genes of the same proterties of control among the parents are accumulated, and is created in the type that surpasses the parent on this proterties respectively.Hybridize between different population, different genotype individuality, and the method for breeding the kind of isozygotying by selection in its hybrid generation is called crossbreeding.Crossbreeding is a main path of cultivating the domestic animal new varieties.By selecting for use kind, strain to hybridize, breed the hybrid population that meets the breeding requirement down to individuality with merit.Will suitably carry out inbreeding when enlarging hybrid quantity, strengthen selecting, break up and cultivate high yield and genetic stability, and meet each groupuscule of seed selection requirement, comprehensively be new varieties.
5 the present invention promptly repeatedly continue hybridization with one of hybrid and parent from the first generation of hybrid by back cross breeding, thereby breed the method for new varieties.Owing to reply again and again and this parent's hybridization, claim to backcross.When a certain improved seeds still lack one or two favourable proterties, another parent can be had the gene transfer of these two favourable proterties in these improved seeds with backcrossing.
6. the present invention fixes with traversed by again, is in order to stablize the gene of hybrid generation, to increase the homozygosity of the gene after recombinating, make heterozygote by the outstanding filial generation of ideal type of hybridizing the back acquisition, to the homozygote transition, its heritability is finally tended towards stability, meet to plant and use quality.
7. the wild boar man pig cross-bred pig that method of the present invention is bred had both kept the herding instinct of tame pig docility, wild boar, anti-low-diet, and resistance against diseases, the characteristics that lean meat percentage is high have changed shortcomings such as the wild boar seasonality is oestrused, farrowed less, the slow and difficult raising of growth again.Wild boar man pig cross-bred pig, body is little, and tail is shorter than tame pig, the more man pig of mouth is long, Quick off the mark, and equal volume weighs 10% than tame pig, carcass lean meat percentage reaches 68-70%, and the trunk fat ratio only is 3%, and the shearing force of brawn is little, almost has only 50% of tame pig, 9-12 month maturation of wild boar man pig cross-bred pig generally produced per year about 2 tires, and tire produces 6-13, wild boar man pig cross-bred pig has on one's body also linear fringe, and pig body majority be that piebald is deceived at the yellow end or white background is deceived piebald.Striped disappears gradually about 3 months, is black or brown.Piglet average daily gain 300-400 gram (because of the different productivitys of female parent slightly different).Wild boar man pig cross-bred pig is Fresh ﹠ Tender in Texture, game is dense, high protein, low fat, low cholesterol, and its meat contains 17 seed amino acids, and contained linoleic acid is 2.5 times of tame pork.
The specific embodiment of the present invention:
Embodiment 1:
One, to raising and the management of male and female pig and piglet:
(1) raising of boar and management
The seizure of wild boar and raise and all compare difficulty, present horizontal survival rate only can reach 10%, and the wild boar that can be used to breed is few, so the wild boar resource that the is used for boar comparison preciousness that just seems, and its management expectancy is also higher.1, bigger colony house area is more than at least 7 square metres.The colony house clean hygiene, dry warm, no strong wind.2, to the suitable feed of boar preparation.Wild boar and the wild tame cross-bred pig amount of raising have only 2/3rds of tame pig, therefore must contain enough nutrient components in the feed, and the ratio of green fodder important bigger relatively 3, wild boar has a lively disposition, the requirement amount of exercise is big, moderate exercise, to guarantee that boar has vigorous sexual desire, keep the normal physiological metabolism of stock boar, improve the quality and quantity of seminal fluid.4, rationally utilize, the breeding of stock boar is purposeful, and in the whole operating period, breeding time is the birth back 12-14 monthly age boar, and body weight 70-80 kilogram is advisable.Because hybridization wild boar IQ and the general tame pig height of remolding sensitivity, so can't adopt free-hand semen collection method, can only be the natural mating method with this friendship, generally the breeding effect is better in 12-24 hour after oestrusing and allowing the boar mounting, adopt the mode that repeats mating, post-coitum repeated mating once in 10-12 hour at interval more for the first time, to improve conception rate.During breeding, the sow that oestruses should be arrived in the stock boar circle, out of the boar colony house is driven sow in the breeding back, in case the boar infringement at once.
(2) raising of sow and management
The raising of sow and management mainly are the raisings of raising, wean and nonpregnant sows of raising, the nursing sow of raising, the pregnant sow of replacement gilt.And what will introduce here is the raising of gilts and sows.(1) pregnant sow: too many pregnant pig can not be put in every hurdle, and the 1-2 head is advisable, in case fight generally adopts the wet-mixing material to feed, adopts restricted feeding, every day scale of feeding at 1-1.5kg, feed 3 every day for beneficial.At 107 days, sow should enter the delivery room, because hybridized pig is relatively more responsive to sonic stimulation, so try not to make noise, avoided startling pregnant sow.Hybridized pig is many in the childbirth at night, because the vitality of hybridized pig is more intense, thus as long as note difficult labour and seemingly-dead piglet, divide the puerperium should feed the water that adds small amounts of salts and wheat bran, progressively feed.(2) raising of sow in lactation and management.In sows in lactation, should give nutritious, contain the protein height, the feed that mineral salt and vitamin are more, particularly lactation, first month was even more important, made it secrete more milk, to guarantee the source of nutrition of piglet, sow in lactation is very big to the requirement of water, guarantees that enough drinking-water is extremely important to lactating sow.Before the wean 3-5 days, should reduce the nursing of sow fine fodder and succulence material gradually, the one, can reduce the lactation amount of sow before the wean, be beneficial to smooth wean, the 2nd, mastitis takes place in anti-wean back.
(3) feeding piglet and management
1, the preparation of practicing midwifery: with thimerosal is the sow sterilization, prepares to practice midwifery apparatus.2, disconnected navel: the 2-3 centimetre refers to the finger-nail pressing navel that breaks, and sterilizes with 5% tincture of iodine.3, feed colostrum 4, insulation: the incubator temperature is at 25-30 ℃.5, open food in advance: a small amount of giving opened foodstuff about 7 days, increases gradually.6 mend iron, epidemic prevention: mended iron 2 times in 3 days 7 days, injection asthma vaccine, yellowish-white dysentery vaccine.7, wean: weaning period will be grown, and weans in 40-50 days.8 hive off: the primitive pit a group of trying one's best, otherwise easily fight.9 butcher: though wild tame cross-bred pig is than on the wild boar growth rate greater advantage being arranged but still do not reach the speed of production of general pig kind, the heavy 1-1.5 kilogram of piglet birth, 5 kilograms of 21 age in days body weight, average 28 kilograms of weaning weight, 0-2 monthly age average daily gain 180 grams, 3-8 monthly age daily gain 240-320 gram.The very fast monthly age 4-9 month of weightening finish amplitude, growing and fattening pigs were raised 9-12 month, delivered body weight 100-120 kilogram for sale.
Two, hybridize and breed
Implementing to pass through restriction fragment length polymorphism analytical technology (RFLP), dna fingerprint analytical technology (DNA Fingerprint), random primer amplification polymorphism dna technique (RAPD), amplified fragment length polymorphism analytical technology (AFLP) and microsatellite DNA (SSR) etc. before the breeding
According to hair color, the wild boar man pig cross-bred pig that selects is divided into white series and black series.
(1), white series wild boar man pig cross-bred pig:
Breeding system: long white (or Da Bai) sow and the hybridization of wild boar produce filial generation (F1 generation), sow is backcrossed in F1 generation, backcross and produce filial generation (F2 generation), white pig traversed by is fixed in F2 generation, the fixing generation of traversed by filial generation (F3 generation), F3 produces F4 generation for top-cross, selects wherein homozygous, two generations of homozygous natural breeding again.The wild boar blood lineage is 75%.
Whole breeding process has experienced 1 generation of hybridization, totally 6 generations 2 generations of 1 generation of 1 band of backcrossing, 1 generation of traversed by, top-cross, pure breeding.Because hair color just can determine when piglet be born, but along with wild boar blood lineage's increase, feeding time increases, about time of 13 months of needs in per generation.So can breed " white series wild boar man pig cross-bred pig " about 8 years.
Method and step:
(1) set up 8 strains in different fields:
Select not 8 of consanguinity wild boars, respectively with A, B, C, D, E, F, eight letter representations of G, H, 40 of Landraces, 40 of Large Whites, wild boar represent that with Y Landrace represents that with L Large White is represented with W.♂ symbology boar, ♀ symbology sow.
Preceding four blood relationship A, B, C, D are as paternal blood relationship, and sow is used Large White; Back four blood relationship E, F, G, H are as maternal blood relationship, and sow is used Landrace, and each family is joined 1 boar, and 10 sows are formed 8 familys altogether, and these eight familys are respectively:
Maternal: Y
AL, Y
BL, Y
CL, Y
DL; Paternal: Y
EW, Y
FW, Y
GW, Y
HW.
Hybridize between paternal maternal side and form the Y that contains wild boar blood lineage 75%
WL kind white series wild boar man pig cross-bred pig.
(2) set up complete breeding of method, determine the scale of seed selection core group, reproducting herd and productive group.
(2), black series wild boar man pig cross-bred pig:
Breeding system: the hybridization of Du Luoke sow and wild boar produces filial generation (F1 generation), and F1 godmother pig is backcrossed, and backcrosses to produce filial generation (F2 generation), and F2 produces F4 generation for 2 generations of traversed by, and F4 is for 3 generations of traversed by between strain.The wild boar blood lineage is 75%.
Whole breeding process has experienced 1 generation of hybridization, 1 band of backcrossing, and in 2 generations of traversed by in the strain, in 3 generations of traversed by between strain, per generation approximately needs 13 months time.So can breed " black series wild boar man pig cross-bred pig " about 8.
Method and step:
Select not 8 of consanguinity wild boars, respectively with A, B, C, D, E, F, eight letter representations of G, H, 80 of durocs, wild boar represents that with Y duroc is represented with K.♂ symbology boar, ♀ symbology sow.
Each strain is joined 1 wild boar, and 10 Du Luoke select good filial generation (F1 generation) to backcross, and F2 forms 8 strains for 2 generations of traversed by, and traversed by fixed for 3 generations between strain.
The fixing formation of traversed by contains wild boar blood lineage 75% YK kind black series wild boar man pig cross-bred pig between strain.
The wild boar man pig cross-bred pig of two series is all reserved seed for planting according to following mode:
Weanling pig is according to hair color, and ontogeny has or not hereditary illness to select and remain.Boar is stressed individual Phenotypic Selection, and the pig that sow is required to select different growth traits according to different strains only.The primiparity of first farrowing sow, young boar just is made into achievement, can be according to the primiparity reproductive performance, and descendant's build appearance is as the chosen content second time.
Claims (5)
1. Wild pig, domestic pig and hybrid pig cross breeding and feeding method, its composition comprises: to raising and management, hybridization and the reproductive process of male and female pig and piglet, it is characterized in that: select long white or Da Bai sow and wild boar by hybridized for 1 generation, 1 generation of 1 generation of 1 band of backcrossing, traversed by, top-cross, pure breeding 2 generation method breed, totally 6 generations, in per generation, need 12-14 month.
2. Wild pig, domestic pig and hybrid pig cross breeding and feeding method, its composition comprises: to raising and management, hybridization and the reproductive process of male and female pig and piglet, it is characterized in that: select Du Luoke sow and wild boar by hybridized for 1 generation, 1 band of backcrossing, 2 generations of traversed by in the strain, traversed by 3 generation method is bred between strain, totally 7 generations, in per generation, need 12-14 month time.
3. Wild pig, domestic pig and hybrid pig cross breeding and feeding method according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that: raising and the management of described boar comprise: a, bigger colony house area, more than at least 7 square metres; B. forage volume is the 1/4-1/2 of convention amount, and total nutritional amt remains unchanged, and green fodder increases; C. breeding time is the birth back 12-14 monthly age, and body weight 70-80 kilogram adopts natural mating in the boar house) method, adopt the mode that repeats mating, post-coitum repeated mating once in 10-12 hour at interval more for the first time.
4. Wild pig, domestic pig and hybrid pig cross breeding and feeding method according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: raising and the management of described sow comprise: the every hurdle of farrowing sow 1-2 head, adopt the wet-mixing material to feed foster, every day, scale of feeding was at 1-1.5kg, fed every day 3 times, at 107 days, sow should enter the delivery room, avoid noise, divide the puerperium should feed the water that adds small amounts of salts and wheat bran, progressively feed, in sows in lactation, should give nutritious, rich in proteins height, the feed of mineral salt and vitamin, particularly lactation first month, guarantee enough drinking-water, preceding 3-5 days of wean should reduce the nursing of sow fine fodder and succulence material gradually.
5. Wild pig, domestic pig and hybrid pig cross breeding and feeding method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described feeding piglet and management comprise: disconnected navel: the 2-3 centimetre refers to the finger-nail pressing navel that break, and sterilizes food in one's mouth colostrum with 5% tincture of iodine, the incubator temperature is at 25-30 ℃, began in advance to opening foodstuff by 5-8 days, increase gradually, benefit iron, epidemic prevention, weaning period will be grown, in 40-50 days, wean, primitive pit a group as far as possible, growing and fattening pigs were raised 9-12 month, delivered body weight 100-120 kilogram for sale.
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