CN113796350A - Cross breeding method of tsaoko pigs - Google Patents
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- CN113796350A CN113796350A CN202110998778.6A CN202110998778A CN113796350A CN 113796350 A CN113796350 A CN 113796350A CN 202110998778 A CN202110998778 A CN 202110998778A CN 113796350 A CN113796350 A CN 113796350A
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- 241000282887 Suidae Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 238000009402 cross-breeding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 6
- 241000282898 Sus scrofa Species 0.000 claims abstract description 99
- 238000009396 hybridization Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 235000013372 meat Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 244000309715 mini pig Species 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000037308 hair color Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000009395 genetic defect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000009027 insemination Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 241000533950 Leucojum Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010171 animal model Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000037396 body weight Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 210000003754 fetus Anatomy 0.000 claims description 3
- 210000002445 nipple Anatomy 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012163 sequencing technique Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 241001346334 Amomum tsao-ko Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 208000035240 Disease Resistance Diseases 0.000 abstract description 14
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 2
- 241001127714 Amomum Species 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000003205 fragrance Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000037237 body shape Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000037406 food intake Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000015277 pork Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000000481 breast Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000796 flavoring agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019634 flavors Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000008216 herbs Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000144980 herd Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000045947 parasite Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000009928 pasteurization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960005486 vaccine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/02—Breeding vertebrates
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of pig hybridization of breeds, in particular to a hybridization breeding method of a tsaoko pig. The cross breeding method of the tsaoko pig comprises the following steps: s1 hybridizing the female pig of Jinghong small ear pig and the Bama miniature pig to breed the first filial generation wild pig; s2, hybridizing the second generation wild boar of Gaoligong mountain as female parent and the second generation wild boar of Gaoligong mountain as male parent to obtain the second generation wild boar; s3, crossing with a boar in the second filial generation of wild boar as a male parent and a sow in the second filial generation of wild boar as a female parent to obtain a crossing progeny wild boar; s4, breeding the wild boars of the cross-bred offspring for 4-6 generations to obtain the variety of the wild boars of the tsaoko amomum fruits. Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a hybridization breeding method of a tsaoko pig, and provides a method for hybridizing wild pigs and domestic pigs to cultivate new-quality pigs, so that the novel-quality pigs obtained by cultivation integrate the advantages of pure wild pigs and domestic pigs, and have strong disease resistance, high farrowing rate and good meat quality.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of pig hybridization of breeds, in particular to a hybridization breeding method of a tsaoko pig.
Background
The wild boar is also called as wild boar, and the wild boar varieties in different countries and regions are different. The pure wild boar generally has thick skin, heavy fishy smell, thick meat, less meat yield and low farrowing rate, so the pure wild boar has poor eating mouthfeel and is not suitable for being used as a commercial pig to be fed, but the pure wild boar has strong environmental adaptation capability and disease resistance, the disease resistance is obviously superior to that of the commercial pig to be fed, and in addition, the pure wild boar has higher nutritional value, less fat content, aromatic flavor and certain medicinal value, so the market value is higher. However, the number of the pure wild boars is limited, and the increasing protection of the wild animals leads to the situation that the number of the pure wild boars cannot meet the market demand, and the development of the pure wild boars into commercial pigs is limited due to some defects of the pure wild boars.
Although the disease resistance, the fragrance and the medicinal value of the raised domestic pigs (generally called commercial pigs) are not as good as those of wild pigs, the domestic pigs have more meat, high farrowing rate and fine and smooth meat quality, so the domestic pigs are more suitable for people to eat and have a very wide market. However, the existing domestic pigs generally have the defects of too much fat meat, insufficient fragrance, weak disease resistance and the like, and cannot meet the requirements of people on increasingly improved living standard.
Based on the current situation, how to cultivate a new breed of boar which integrates the advantages of pure wild boars and domestic pigs, meets the market demand, and becomes the target actively explored by the domestic pig breeding industry.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a hybridization breeding method of a tsaoko pig, and provides a method for hybridizing wild pigs and domestic pigs to breed new-quality pigs, so that the bred new-quality pigs integrate the advantages of pure wild pigs and domestic pigs, have strong disease resistance, high farrowing rate, good meat quality and strong fragrance, and meet the market demand. The technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows: a cross breeding method of a tsaoko pig is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1), hybridizing the female pig of the Jinghong small ear pig as a female parent and the Bama miniature pig as a male parent, and breeding a first-filial generation wild pig;
s2), taking the sow in the first filial generation of wild pigs as a female parent and taking the second generation of wild pigs in Gaoligong mountains as a male parent to perform hybridization to obtain second filial generation wild pigs;
s3), crossing by taking a boar in the second filial generation of wild pigs as a male parent and taking a sow in the second filial generation of wild pigs as a female parent to obtain crossing offspring wild pigs;
s4), breeding the wild boars after crossing for 4-6 generations to obtain the variety of the wild boars.
In the step S1, the Jinghong little ear sows growing for 1-3 years and having the weight of 60-90 kg and the Bama miniature pig boars growing for 2-6 years and having the weight of 80-150 kg are selected and bred in a natural hybridization or artificial insemination mode.
In the step S2, a first-filial generation wild pig which grows for 1-6 years and has the weight of 70-100 kg and a second-filial generation wild pig which grows for 1-6 years and has the weight of 100-150 kg are selected and bred in a natural hybridization or artificial insemination mode.
In the step S3, a boar growing the second-generation hybridized boar with the weight of 75-150 kg for 1-6 years is selected to be crossed with a sow growing the second-generation hybridized boar with the weight of 80-120 kg for 1-6 years.
The selection standard of the first filial generation wild boar is as follows: selecting black healthy individuals without genetic defect, with birth weight more than 1kg and effective papilla number of 6 pairs or more when just born; selecting sows with black fur, uniform body and good physique at the age of four months, and eliminating sows with slow growth speed; and at the age of eight months, selecting individuals with thin living backfat and high growth speed for seed reservation, and performing second hybridization and hybridization.
The second generation wild boar hybridization selection standard is as follows: selecting black healthy hair without genetic defect, birth weight more than 1kg and effective nipple number 6 pairs or more when just born; carrying out secondary remaining selection at the age of four months, and eliminating malgrown wild boars with light weight and impure hair color; and (3) strictly selecting at 6 months of age, calculating a comprehensive selection index by using a BLUP animal model on the basis of 100 kg of body weight day age and backfat thickness measured by a B-ultrasonic living body, sequencing according to the height of the comprehensive selection index, and selecting individuals with the comprehensive index larger than 100 for seed reservation.
The obtained Amomum tsao-ko pig has moderate body type, black and bright hair color, sturdy and strong limbs, and is resistant to severe summer and cold and coarse feed; the reproduction rate is high, 13-14 young plants per fetus grow fast, the ratio of the meat to the feed is 3.8:1, the meat is bright red and tender, and 75% of the meat is snowflake.
The invention solves the defects in the background technology and has the following beneficial effects:
the invention provides a cross breeding method of a tsaoko pig, which integrates the advantages of pure wild pigs and domestic pigs, has strong disease resistance, high farrowing rate, good meat quality and strong fragrance, and meets the market demand. The method has the following advantages:
after deep research and analysis of the advantages and the disadvantages of the second generation of the Jinghong cudgel pig, the Bama miniature pig and the Gaoligongshan wild pig and the growth characteristics, the breeding method of the invention fully absorbs the advantages of the first generation of the Jinghong cudgel pig, the Bama miniature pig and the Gaoligoshan wild pig, and simultaneously discards the disadvantages of the second generation of the Jinghong cudgel pig, the Bama miniature pig and the Gaoligoshan wild pig, and cultivates a new variety of high-quality tsaoko pigs. The first filial generation pig obtained by hybridization of the Jinghong small ear pig sow and the Bama miniature pig male is greatly improved in the aspects of taste and meat quality, and has the advantages of fine and smooth meat quality and good taste of the Jinghong small ear pig, but the sow still has low farrowing rate and low disease resistance, and a new product pig obtained by further hybridization with the second generation of the Gaoligong mountain wild pig has moderate body shape, black and bright hair color, sturdy and solid limbs, alternately fat and thin pork, rich fragrance, coarse feed resistance, fine and smooth meat quality, good taste, no fishy smell, high farrowing rate, strong disease resistance and excellent market prospect, and can be bred and fed as an excellent commercial pig. The method is scientific and reasonable, and the experimental verification proves that the cultivation effect is outstanding.
Detailed Description
Example 1
S1), hybridizing the female pig of the Jinghong small ear pig as a female parent and the Bama miniature pig as a male parent, and breeding a first-filial generation wild pig; selecting Jinghong little ear sows which grow for 1-3 years and have the weight of 60-90 kg, and Bama miniature pig boars which grow for 2-6 years and have the weight of 80-150 kg, and adopting a natural hybridization or artificial insemination mode to breed. The selection standard of the first filial generation sow is as follows: selecting black healthy individuals without genetic defect, with birth weight more than 1kg and effective papilla number of 6 pairs or more when just born; selecting sows with black fur, uniform body and good physique at the age of four months, and eliminating sows with slow growth speed; and at the age of eight months, selecting individuals with thin living backfat and high growth speed for seed reservation, and performing second hybridization and hybridization.
S2), taking the sow in the first filial generation of wild pigs as a female parent and taking the second generation of wild pigs in Gaoligong mountains as a male parent to perform hybridization to obtain second filial generation wild pigs; selecting a first-filial generation sow growing for 1-6 years and weighing 70-100 kg and a second-filial generation boar growing for 1-6 years and weighing 100-150 kg of Gaoligong mountain wild boar, and adopting a natural hybridization or artificial insemination mode for hybridization.
S3), crossing by taking a boar in the second filial generation of wild pigs as a male parent and taking a sow in the second filial generation of wild pigs as a female parent to obtain crossing offspring wild pigs; selecting a boar growing the second-generation hybridized boar with the weight of 75-150 kg for 1-6 years and crossing with a sow growing the second-generation hybridized boar with the weight of 80-120 kg for 1-6 years. The selection standard of the second generation hybridized wild boar is as follows: selecting black healthy hair without genetic defect, birth weight more than 1kg and effective nipple number 6 pairs or more when just born; carrying out secondary remaining selection at the age of four months, and eliminating malgrown wild boars with light weight and impure hair color; and (3) strictly selecting at 6 months of age, calculating a comprehensive selection index by using a BLUP animal model on the basis of 100 kg of body weight day age and backfat thickness measured by a B-ultrasonic living body, sequencing according to the height of the comprehensive selection index, and selecting individuals with the comprehensive index larger than 100 for seed reservation.
S4), breeding the wild boars after crossing for 4-6 generations to obtain the variety of the wild boars. The bred tsaoko pig has moderate body shape, black and bright hair color, sturdy and strong limbs, and is resistant to severe summer and cold and coarse feed; the reproduction rate is high, 13-14 young plants per fetus grow fast, the ratio of the meat to the feed is 3.6:1, the meat is bright red and tender, and 75% of the meat is snowflake.
The method for raising the tsaoko pigs comprises the following steps:
1. a hillside or a forest land which is free of pollution nearby and rich in herbaceous plants is selected to be used as a field pig farm, and a fence is built around the pig farm. A large number of rhizome plants or various herbs and the like are planted in the fence, and branches, leaves and roots of the plants are fed by the Shencao fruit pigs. A large water pool with the depth of 40-50 cm is dug in the fence, so that adult pigs can enjoy mud bath when the temperature is high, meanwhile, the body surface parasites are killed, and the activity is increased.
2. Selecting healthy piglets of 2-3 months to be released to a pigsty, periodically injecting vaccines into the piglets, and selecting Conbas to be disinfected in the pigsty at regular intervals.
3. The method comprises the steps of driving the tsaoko pigs to a field pig farm every morning to find food for plant roots, stems and leaves in the field for 5-6 hours, throwing pasture, flushing the pigs with warm pasteurization liquid at 35-40 ℃ for 10-15 minutes before returning to a pigsty at night, and feeding concentrated feed as supplementary food every night. When a herd eats, a breeder should pay attention to observe the ingestion condition of each pig, and a person without interest in ingestion should carefully check or perform isolation treatment;
4. after the piglets are raised for 6-12 months according to the method, the piglets can be slaughtered after the weight of each pig reaches 60-80kg, and quarantine and sale are carried out.
The implementation process of the invention is as follows: the Jinghong small ear pig adopted by the method has the characteristics of early maturity, easy fattening, high dressing percentage, thin skin and good meat quality, but has wild temperament, slower growth speed and lower feed utilization rate. The Bama miniature pig is precocious in nature, clear in appearance, short, small, short and round in body shape; the feed is extensive, and adaptability and disease resistance are strong. The second generation wild boar in Gaoligong mountain has strong disease resistance and strong fragrance, but has thick skin, heavy fishy smell, thick meat, less meat yield and high farrowing rate. After deep research and analysis of the advantages and the disadvantages of the second generation of the Jinghong cudgel pig, the Bama miniature pig and the Gaoligongshan wild pig and the growth characteristics, the breeding method of the invention fully absorbs the advantages of the first generation of the Jinghong cudgel pig, the Bama miniature pig and the Gaoligoshan wild pig, and simultaneously discards the disadvantages of the second generation of the Jinghong cudgel pig, the Bama miniature pig and the Gaoligoshan wild pig, and cultivates a new variety of high-quality tsaoko pigs. The first filial generation pig obtained by hybridization of the Jinghong small ear pig sow and the Bama miniature pig male is greatly improved in the aspects of taste and meat quality, and has the advantages of fine and smooth meat quality and good taste of the Jinghong small ear pig, but the sow still has low farrowing rate and low disease resistance, and a new product pig obtained by further hybridization with the second generation of the Gaoligong mountain wild pig has moderate body shape, black and bright hair color, sturdy and solid limbs, alternately fat and thin pork, rich fragrance, coarse feed resistance, fine and smooth meat quality, good taste, no fishy smell, high farrowing rate, strong disease resistance and excellent market prospect, and can be bred and fed as an excellent commercial pig. The method is scientific and reasonable, and the experimental verification proves that the cultivation effect is outstanding.
Control test:
in the river bay village of the estuary town of cloud county in lincang city, 50 bred tsaoko pigs are selected according to the method in the embodiment 1, wherein the selected tsaoko pigs are bred by 25 boar pigs and 25 sow pigs, and the embodiment is used for the embodiment. Meanwhile, 50 Jinghong small ear pigs are selected as a comparative example 1, and the second generation 50 Gaoligong mountain wild pigs are selected as a comparative example 2 to be raised, and the breeding modes of piglets are the same, and refer to the description. After one year, the survival rate, the prevalence rate and the average litter size of the piglets were counted, and the results are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 statistical comparison
As can be seen from Table 1, the tsaoko pig bred by the method has the advantages of strong disease resistance, high farrowing rate, low feed-meat ratio, fast growth and the like, and meets the market demand.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (7)
1. A cross breeding method of a tsaoko pig is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1), hybridizing the female pig of the Jinghong small ear pig as a female parent and the Bama miniature pig as a male parent, and breeding a first-filial generation wild pig;
s2), taking the sow in the first filial generation of wild pigs as a female parent and taking the second generation of wild pigs in Gaoligong mountains as a male parent to perform hybridization to obtain second filial generation wild pigs;
s3), crossing by taking a boar in the second filial generation of wild pigs as a male parent and taking a sow in the second filial generation of wild pigs as a female parent to obtain crossing offspring wild pigs;
s4), breeding the wild boars after crossing for 4-6 generations to obtain the variety of the wild boars.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the steps of: in the step S1, the Jinghong little ear sows growing for 1-3 years and having the weight of 60-90 kg and the Bama miniature pig boars growing for 2-6 years and having the weight of 80-150 kg are selected and bred in a natural hybridization or artificial insemination mode.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the steps of: in the step S2, a first-filial generation wild pig which grows for 1-6 years and has the weight of 70-100 kg and a second-filial generation wild pig which grows for 1-6 years and has the weight of 100-150 kg are selected and bred in a natural hybridization or artificial insemination mode.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the steps of: in the step S3, a boar growing the second-generation hybridized boar with the weight of 75-150 kg for 1-6 years is selected to be crossed with a sow growing the second-generation hybridized boar with the weight of 80-120 kg for 1-6 years.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the steps of: the selection standard of the first filial generation wild boar is as follows: selecting black healthy individuals without genetic defect, with birth weight more than 1kg and effective papilla number of 6 pairs or more when just born; selecting sows with black fur, uniform body and good physique at the age of four months, and eliminating sows with slow growth speed; and at the age of eight months, selecting individuals with thin living backfat and high growth speed for seed reservation, and performing second hybridization and hybridization.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the steps of: the second generation wild boar hybridization selection standard is as follows: selecting black healthy hair without genetic defect, birth weight more than 1kg and effective nipple number 6 pairs or more when just born; carrying out secondary remaining selection at the age of four months, and eliminating malgrown wild boars with light weight and impure hair color; and (3) strictly selecting at 6 months of age, calculating a comprehensive selection index by using a BLUP animal model on the basis of 100 kg of body weight day age and backfat thickness measured by a B-ultrasonic living body, sequencing according to the height of the comprehensive selection index, and selecting individuals with the comprehensive index larger than 100 for seed reservation.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the method comprises the steps of: the obtained Amomum tsao-ko pig has moderate body type, black and bright hair color, sturdy and strong limbs, and is resistant to severe summer and cold and coarse feed; the reproduction rate is high, 13-14 young plants per fetus grow fast, the ratio of the meat to the feed is 3.8:1, the meat is bright red and tender, and 75% of the meat is snowflake.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114766428A (en) * | 2022-04-28 | 2022-07-22 | 禄丰双丰良种猪有限公司 | Breeding method of GBH plateau black pigs |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114766428A (en) * | 2022-04-28 | 2022-07-22 | 禄丰双丰良种猪有限公司 | Breeding method of GBH plateau black pigs |
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Application publication date: 20211217 |