CN1957859A - Method for domesticating and breeding wild boar in pure breed - Google Patents
Method for domesticating and breeding wild boar in pure breed Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A hybridization method for naturalizing and reproducing pure-breed wild boar features that the diphyletic hybridization, diphyletic backcross, and triphyletic hybridization are used to increase bearing rate, ablactative survival rate and the weight of ablactative individuals.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the herding field, relate to-breeding of kind of wild animal, particularly a kind of mating system of wild boar in pure breed.
Technical background
Wild boar is as new varieties in the pig family, and owing to Carnis Sus scrofa thick flavor, lean meat percentage height, nutritious (contain 17 seed amino acids, the most important and necessary fatty acid linoleic acid of human body is 2.5 times of tame pig.), fat content low (fat of hind shank have only tame pig 50%), incomparable feature of tame pig and value are arranged.
The biological characteristics of wild boar:
(1) wild nature, feeding habits and moulting property.Wild boar wild nature is stronger, and bellicose easily frightened, neural sensitivity, and aggressivity is stronger when angry, and the raiser should take care; Feeding habits are assorted, and the feeding habits of wild boar are more assorted, mainly based on tree branches and leaves, weeds and green forage, corn; The branch dual mode of moulting of wild boar, a year rheological properties is moulted and seasonality is moulted.The quilt hair of wild boar begins to come off during Slight Heat, grows black and white or dark brown mane during to Great Heat, and hair is thick and stiff, and pachylosis is thicker.
(2) adaptability and disease resistance.Wild boar lives in the mountain forest district, and is stronger to the adaptability of weather.Both cold-resistant, heat-resisting again.The disease resistance of wild boar is also stronger, and the artificial breeding seldom falls ill, thereby survival rate is higher.
(3) reproductive characteristic of wild boar.The wild boar sexual maturity is later.Boar just has the libido performance after 5 monthly ages, the 6--7 monthly age can be used to breeding.Feelings just appear in sow about 6 monthly ages, the breeding of can breeding of 7--8 monthly age, and estrus cycle average out to 20.8 days duration of estrus 3--4 days, was generally bred in the back of oestrusing and easily is impregnated in 2--3 days.Trimester of pregnancy is 112 days (112--114 days).The shortest can the performance through 3--4 days oestrused after sow stopped suckling, and the elder reached more than 7 days.
Existing wild boar is raised and train modes of reproduction
1. carry out the crossbreeding and improvement of wild boar and tame pig, utilize the modern biology technology to carry out germplasm improvement and rearing new variety.
2. wild hybrid piglets is produced in wild boar and tame pig hybridization, can increase the designs and varieties of meat on the one hand, improves meat, satisfies people consumer need; On the other hand, enlarge China's local breeding swine rearing amount, make the gene of local breeding pig be preserved and develop by this approach.
3, wild boar in pure breed breeds and tames also seldom.
Wild boar is raised and train the breeding existing problems at present:
1, at present wild boar to raise and train modes of reproduction might be the variation of wild boar characteristic, may make these species lose the characteristic of original species.
2, some areas take to put in a suitable place to breed, and with tame pig hybridization, this method lacks standard and science, and the kind of cultivation is stable inadequately, relatively blindly.
3, at present wild boar to raise and train modes of reproduction be not that wild boar in pure breed is raised and train breeding, be the hybridization of tame pig and wild boar, improve.
Summary of the invention
The cross breeding method that the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of wild boar in pure breed.
Purpose of the present invention mainly is achieved through the following technical solutions:
The method for domesticating and breeding of wild boar in pure breed may further comprise the steps:
1. plant the selection of wild boar: select different cultivars, different sexes, head dummy, ear type, hair color, color of the leather, physique profile all have the pure wild boar kind of obvious characteristic;
2. plant raising and train of wild boar;
3. two-way cross: promptly select for use the pure wild boar kind of two kinds of different cultivars to hybridize, produce the pure wild boar kind of a two-way cross generation.
The method for domesticating and breeding of described wild boar in pure breed also comprises the binary rotational crossing: promptly select the pure wild boar broad sow of an outstanding two-way cross generation, backcrossing with original parent male parent kind produces the pure wild boar kind of first backcross generation.
The method for domesticating and breeding of described wild boar in pure breed, also comprising backcrosses with original parent male parent kind with the first backcross generation sow again produces the pure wild boar kind of second backcross generation.
The method for domesticating and breeding of described wild boar in pure breed also comprises three way cross: promptly select the pure wild boar broad sow of an outstanding two-way cross generation, carry out copulation with the public wild boar of the 3rd kind, produce the pure wild boar kind of hybridization three way cross.
Be described in detail below by the cross breeding method of biological theory pure wild boar:
One, plants the selection of wild boar
Observe the maternal and maternal female parent of selecting paternal line the selection strain that reproductive capacity is strong, rate of growth is high from domestic and international different forest zones through the long period, improve the wild boar kind, raising wild boar fertility performance.The profile of kind of wild boar is selected: (1) hair color, color of the leather: though hair color, color of the leather do not have direct economy to be worth, it is one of key character of an independent kind.Each kind all has hair color, the color of the leather of regulation, can judge kind by hair color, color of the leather, and the offspring with the difference mixing breed judges its fertility performance indirectly.(2) head dummy, ear type: as the hair color color of the leather, head dummy and ear type also are one of distinctive markss of independent kind, and each kind all has distinctive head dummy ear type.(3) papilla of breast: breast and nipple not only are related to the ability of sow nurture piglet, also are one of principal characters of kind simultaneously.For the selection of breast and nipple, the male and female pig is all very important, because number of nipples and litter size have much relations, voluminous more son is many more for nipple.During selection, be also noted that the position and the shape of nipple, nipple is arranged should be neatly even, between two nipples of front and back certain distance will be arranged.(4) body body structure: for body body structure, select to take on neck in conjunction with good, extremity are slightly long, back of the body waist is straight, abdomen is not sagging, spuare rump, the elevated wild boar of root of the tail.(5) body constitution: require to select eyes bright, flexibly, muscle is outstanding, skin is tightly and not loose, system, strong strong wild boar crouch.(6) sex character characteristics: require to select the tangible wild boar of sex character.The testis of public wild boar is big and obviously outstanding, lateral symmetry, and scrotum tightly invests body wall, and is too not sagging; The shirtfront broadness; Penis is longer, and foreskin does not have hydrops, and is more satisfactory.The vaginal orifice of sow is of moderate size (adapting with age, body weight), possibility fertility when too small, excessive may just oestrusing or inflammation (not selecting when oestrusing).Vaginal orifice also should be tilted upward, and helps breeding and becomes pregnant.
Two, raising and train of wild boar:
1, raising and train the site selects: be selected in physical features slightly high or easily the dry seat Northern Dynasties south that ventilates of draining, soil property hard, have a good transport service, apart from killing ground, poultry trade market place Jian Chang far away., production area supporting, nest chamber and living area isolation in colony house requires with outer nest chamber.Area is preferably in more than 6000 square metres, builds up high 1.8-2.2 rice enclosure wall all around, sets up iron grid door, and is better if any spring water in, and also available tap water and middle water pump silks water are for an interior wild boar drinking-water.Keep an interior trees, also can plant seedling and plant grass.To clear up short overstocked shrub, so that observe.Build measuring platform outward near enclosure wall, observe diet and the active situation of wild boar in the enclosure wall.In a distance measuring platform front side far away, build the colony house of several general tame pig styles by enclosure wall, but the swinery door is not installed, pig can freely be come in and gone out, but must be stamped the ceiling that sunshade hides rain in the circle, avenge, build a little on-swimmer's pool nearby at pigsty and be allowed to condition at and roll bath summer with rainproof retaining.
2, lining nest chamber design: nest chamber, lining is that the space is about 3 meters, and is wide about 3 meters for the place of wild boar sleep, farrowing, and canopy is added a cover 12 centimetres of Caulis et Folium Oryzaes (or straw) again along highly about 2.5 meters behind the canopy cover asphalt felt.Imitative open-air wild boar living environment is eliminated wild boar and is raised and train the fear that is.
3, build-on passage: for the ease of breeding, must outside 2 meters, build one high 1 meter parapet, make it to form a passage apart from outer nest chamber.Breeding boar can enter the colony house of the sow that oestruses smoothly during breeding by passage, finishes the breeding task, returns feed lot by the enclosure wall passage thereafter.
4, wild boar raises and train
The agreement of obtaining forest department is raised in domestication, and the kind wild boar of selection will carry out character accession designation number, sterilization observation before marching into the arena.During admission, at first will inject swine Fever Vaccine or " trigeminy vaccine " to it, reuse " delousing spirit " is wiped its whole body by the explanation water mixing, because of pure wild boar has a lot of pig louses on one's body.The pure wild boar body weight of being raised and train is selected in the 10-20 kilogram, because this wild boar monthly age is little, plasticity is strong, easily domestication.Owing to begun timidity, frightening by the wild boar tamed, thus in the domestication process according to the pure wild boar quantity of domestication of marching into the arena, put the tame pig of several equal body weight into, they are got on well with others soon, allow it with pure wild boar activity with search for food, drink water in being stamped the pigsty of ceiling.Feeding every day 2 times, wherein evening, 1 throwing amount accounted for 60%, when pure wild boar grows up to young wild boar when no longer frightening, be about to the former tame pig of putting into come back carry out domestic.Eat because of the happiness of pure wild boar and to eat raw, as living Rhizoma Dioscoreae, corncob, Radix Dauci Sativae, Qinggang seeds of trees, Rhizoma Solani tuber osi, Fructus Cucurbitae moschatae, Fructus Cucumidis sativi, Jerusalem artichoke, spike of rice, fresh bamboo shoots, bright Pueraria lobota etc.So when just having begun to raise and train, should be equipped with and eat raw, after 10-15 days, promptly corn, Testa Tritici, Testa oryzae are admixed in half chopping, aminoacid, 0.5% Sal etc. are fed and given in right amount to eat raw, make it slowly to change wild boar and eat the custom of eating raw.As in feedstuff, adding the edible oil of cooking on a small quantity, can make pure wild boar hair color light.Simultaneously, in feedstuff, also should regularly mix and drive away Enterozoa medicine and the prevention medicine of having loose bowels.
Three, the breeding of wild boar
1, breeding: the wild sow breeding time is at the 7-8 monthly age, and body weight 60-70kg is advisable.Since special Sus scrofa IQ and the general tame pig height of remolding sensitivity, can't use mounting platform, artificial vagina or free-hand method semen collection to boar, so sow can only be finished copulation with this friendship.When wild sow can accept unchangeably public wild boar mounting or vaginal orifice from scarlet become purple dark, become shrinkage slightly or breeding person from swelling and push the wild sow rear quarters with hands it plants oneself, all be the breeding time that suits.Post-coitum repeated to join once at interval in 6-12 hour for the first time, can improve conception rate.As confirm that sow mixes, wipe two first rice solution water 2-3 time to its whole body, killing ectozoa, in case sow is wiped and itches and cause miscarrying everywhere.
2, practice midwifery: antenatal about 20 days of wild boar promptly to wild sow intramuscular injection bacillus coli vaccine or just before giving birth first three day intramuscular injection long acting antibiotic element, thoroughly cleaning and irrigation and disinfection colony house.Ground place mat grass, dress lamp, drinking trough are also got the things such as shears of farrowing case (thermal protection box), iodine tincture, rayon balls, ligature and sterilization ready, establish special messenger's nurse on duty.
Practicing midwifery of wild boar is similar with tame pig, can require and method is carried out according to practicing midwifery of tame pig.Wild boar less scarce milk in puerperal.
3, wild boar crossbreeding technology
(1) wild boar single two-way cross: select for use two different cultivars to hybridize, produce the pure wild boar kind of a two-way cross generation:
The first kind contains ♂ (public affairs) * second kind ♀ (mother), F1 first-filial generation wild boar (50% first, 50% second).The monobasic blood lineage's male parent of two-way cross, female parent respectively account for 50%.Single two-way cross hybrid wild boar odds ratio reaches as high as about 20%, has heterotic offspring's ratio and can reach 100%.Because the parent of single two-way cross is purebred, litter size does not increase, and young generation is a hybrid, and hybrid vigor shows the blodynamic raising of filial generation, so number is bred in wean, weight of weaning litter and postweaning gain rate improve 18%, 28% and 6% respectively.Single two-way cross is that its heritability is more stable by two purebred phase mutual crosses, and crossbreeding effect is reliable, and hybridizing method is simple, and cost is low, promotes easily.The wild boar of this cenospecies can all be used as the meat sold on the market wild boar.
(2) binary rotational crossing: promptly select the outstanding pure wild boar broad sow of a two-way cross kind generation, backcrossing with original parent male parent kind produces the pure wild boar kind of first backcross generation; Backcross with original parent male parent kind with the first backcross generation sow more again and produce the pure wild boar kind of second backcross generation, the ground samsara that so keeps down, to keep the advantage of hybrid.
Select outstanding hybrid generation sow, by backcrossing with original parent male parent kind respectively for ground, after the samsara three generations, the blood lineage of two kinds that the offspring is contained is tended to balance substantially, respectively accounts for 1/3 or 2/3 and pursues for change:
First ♂ * second ♀, second ♂ * assorted 1 ♀ (first 50%, second 50%), first ♂ * assorted 2 ♀ (first 25%, second 75%), second ♂ * assorted 3 ♀ (first 62.5%.Second 37.5%), assorted 4 (first 31.25%, 68.75%).
In order to prevent consanguineous mating, in per generation, all will be changed public wild boar.Basic wild sow group then is the hybrid wild sow of selecting and remain in per generation, can make full use of the hybrid vigor of hybrid wild sow reproductive performance, but the heritability instability of hybrid wild sow, and highly plastic is arranged, thus vitality and the fertility performance of hybrid reduced.
In the rotational crossing process, the genetic ratio of backcross parent kind improves the offspring, if it is a high-yield variety, and the raising condition of then backcrossing and having relatively high expectations, otherwise hybrid vigor just can not obviously show.If this parent is a low-yield variety, the fertility performance of that backcross progeny will be descended by hereditation.
(3) wild boar three wat cross
Three way cross also is in three wat cross, promptly the pure wild boar kind of two different cultivars is hybridized earlier, produce the pure wild boar kind of a two-way cross generation: with the public wild boar copulation of select and remain in the pure wild boar kind of first-filial generation outstanding hybrid wild sow and the 3rd kind, produce the pure wild boar kind of second filial generation again:
First ♂ * second ♀, third ♂ * assorted generation ♀ (first 50%, second 50%), assorted 2 generations (first 25%, second 25%, the third 50%)
Because half-blooded heritability instability, having stronger plasticity is subject to the influence of external condition and changes, hybrid vigor instability during again with three wat cross, the segregation phenomenon of concordance difference can appear in ternary hybrid, but the three way cross wild boar can make full use of the hybrid vigor of two kind half-blood reproductive performances, so the offspring that three way cross produces all is used as the meat sold on the market wild boar.
According to property determination, during three wat cross, utilize two kind half-bloods to do parent, the hybrid vigor of performance reproductive performance, litter size improves 8%, and wean is bred number and is improved 22% than single two-way cross, than purebred raising 41%, weight of weaning litter improves 22% than single two-way cross; Than purebred raising 49%.The trophic level that the offspring of three way cross has relatively high expectations, the low fertility performance of trophic level descends on the contrary.Three way cross needs two adventives to do male parent, has not only improved the cost of market pig, and it is simple and easy to do to be not so good as two-way cross.Therefore each pig farm will be selected the hybridization mode as the case may be.
The specific embodiment
Embodiment 1: the two-way cross propagation method of wild boar: select for use the male parent (first) of east, Gansu Province wild boar kind and the female parent (second) of long white wild boar kind to hybridize generation first-filial generation F1: the first kind contains ♂ (public affairs) * second kind ♀ (mother), F1 first-filial generation wild boar (50% first, 50% second), the blood lineage of first-filial generation F1 is that male parent, female parent respectively account for 50%, this hybridization heterosis rate reaches as high as about 20%, have heterotic offspring's ratio and can reach 100%, its heritability is more stable, crossbreeding effect is reliable, can all be used as the meat sold on the market wild boar.Adventive is done male parent, has not only improved the cost of market pig, and it is simple and easy to do to be not so good as two-way cross.Therefore each pig farm will be selected the hybridization mode as the case may be
The binary of embodiment 2, wild boar the propagation method of backcrossing: select for use the male parent (first) of east, Gansu Province wild boar kind to hybridize and produce first-filial generation F1 with the female parent (second) of long white wild boar kind, select outstanding first generation of hybrid F1 sow, backcross with the original parental varieties boar, produce first backcross generation, continue to backcross by first backcross generation again, produce second backcross generation with the original parental varieties boar.After the samsara three generations, the blood lineage of two kinds that the offspring is contained is tended to balance substantially, respectively accounts for 1/3 or 2/3 and pursues for change: first ♂ * second ♀, second ♂ * assorted 1 ♀ (first 50%, second 50%), first ♂ * assorted 2 ♀ (first 25%, second 75%), second ♂ * assorted 3 ♀ (first 62.5%.Second 37.5%), assorted 4 (first 31.25%, 68.75%).Two kind rotational crossings only need be raised the public wild boar of 2 parental breeds, but in order to prevent consanguineous mating, per generation all will be changed public wild boar.Keep ground rotational crossing, can keep the advantage (hybrid vigor shows the blodynamic raising of filial generation) of hybrid.Embodiment 3: the three way cross propagation method of wild boar: select for use the male parent (first) of east, Gansu Province wild boar kind and the female parent (second) of long white wild boar kind to hybridize generation first-filial generation F1, the outstanding hybrid wild sow of selecting and remain in half-blood is cooked female parent, the public wild boar copulation in reuse the 3rd kind Qinling Mountains produces the second filial generation of three way cross: first ♂ * second ♀, third ♂ * assorted generation ♀ (first 50%, second 50%), assorted 2 generations (first 25%, second 25%, the third 50%).Because half-blooded heritability instability, having stronger plasticity is subject to the influence of external condition and changes, hybrid vigor instability during again with three wat cross, the segregation phenomenon that the concordance difference can occur, but the three way cross wild boar can make full use of the hybrid vigor of two kind half-blood reproductive performances, because reproductive performance depends mainly on female parent, so two-way cross mainly is used as female parent during three way cross, the hybrid vigor of performance reproductive performance, litter size improves 8%, wean is bred number and is improved 22% than single two-way cross, and than purebred raising 41%, weight of weaning litter improves 22% than single two-way cross; Than purebred raising 49%, can be used as the meat sold on the market wild boar.
Claims (4)
1, a kind of method for domesticating and breeding of wild boar in pure breed may further comprise the steps:
1. plant the selection of wild boar: select different cultivars, different sexes, head dummy, ear type, hair color, color of the leather, physique profile all have the pure wild boar kind of obvious characteristic;
2. plant raising and train of wild boar;
3. two-way cross: promptly select for use the pure wild boar kind of two kinds of different cultivars to hybridize, produce the assorted generation of binary and hand over pure wild boar kind.
2, the method for domesticating and breeding of wild boar in pure breed according to claim 1 also comprises the binary rotational crossing: promptly select the pure wild boar broad sow of an outstanding two-way cross generation, backcrossing with original parent male parent kind produces the pure wild boar kind of first backcross generation.
3, as the method for domesticating and breeding of wild boar in pure breed as described in the claim 2, also comprising backcrosses with original parent male parent kind with the first backcross generation sow again produces the pure wild boar kind of second backcross generation.
4, the method for domesticating and breeding of wild boar in pure breed according to claim 1 also comprises three way cross: promptly select the pure wild boar broad sow of an outstanding two-way cross generation, carry out copulation with the public wild boar of the 3rd kind, produce the pure wild boar kind of hybridization three way cross.
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Cited By (9)
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CN102578041A (en) * | 2012-03-19 | 2012-07-18 | 扬州大学 | Method for using Huai pigs to cultivate new pig breed and produce hybrid commercial pigs |
CN103053470A (en) * | 2012-12-24 | 2013-04-24 | 葫芦岛市连山区塔山乡宝庆养猪场 | Breeding method of hybridization black pigs containing boar genes |
CN103858816A (en) * | 2012-12-14 | 2014-06-18 | 新晃利和原生牧业科技有限公司 | High-efficiency breed conservation and quality conservation method for local well-bred pigs |
CN105875506A (en) * | 2014-12-10 | 2016-08-24 | 刘中利 | Breeding method for special pigs |
CN105941324A (en) * | 2016-06-13 | 2016-09-21 | 贵州大学 | Method for breeding hybrid new strain of Baixi pig |
CN107535415A (en) * | 2016-06-27 | 2018-01-05 | 陆川县英平畜牧业有限责任公司 | One kind is bred as Luchuan swine rearing method |
CN107853248A (en) * | 2017-01-02 | 2018-03-30 | 连云开 | A kind of ecological cultivation method of hybridized pig |
CN110367196A (en) * | 2019-08-23 | 2019-10-25 | 上海海洋大学 | A kind of extensive environment protection type organic ecological pig cultural method |
CN113080141A (en) * | 2021-03-29 | 2021-07-09 | 范正红 | Method for breeding Chinese bees in Qinling mountain area in group-expanding manner by adding super |
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Cited By (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN102578041A (en) * | 2012-03-19 | 2012-07-18 | 扬州大学 | Method for using Huai pigs to cultivate new pig breed and produce hybrid commercial pigs |
CN103858816A (en) * | 2012-12-14 | 2014-06-18 | 新晃利和原生牧业科技有限公司 | High-efficiency breed conservation and quality conservation method for local well-bred pigs |
CN103053470A (en) * | 2012-12-24 | 2013-04-24 | 葫芦岛市连山区塔山乡宝庆养猪场 | Breeding method of hybridization black pigs containing boar genes |
CN103053470B (en) * | 2012-12-24 | 2015-07-08 | 葫芦岛市连山区塔山乡宝庆养猪场 | Breeding method of hybridization black pigs containing boar genes |
CN105875506A (en) * | 2014-12-10 | 2016-08-24 | 刘中利 | Breeding method for special pigs |
CN105941324A (en) * | 2016-06-13 | 2016-09-21 | 贵州大学 | Method for breeding hybrid new strain of Baixi pig |
CN107535415A (en) * | 2016-06-27 | 2018-01-05 | 陆川县英平畜牧业有限责任公司 | One kind is bred as Luchuan swine rearing method |
CN107853248A (en) * | 2017-01-02 | 2018-03-30 | 连云开 | A kind of ecological cultivation method of hybridized pig |
CN110367196A (en) * | 2019-08-23 | 2019-10-25 | 上海海洋大学 | A kind of extensive environment protection type organic ecological pig cultural method |
CN113080141A (en) * | 2021-03-29 | 2021-07-09 | 范正红 | Method for breeding Chinese bees in Qinling mountain area in group-expanding manner by adding super |
CN113080141B (en) * | 2021-03-29 | 2023-05-23 | 范正红 | Group-expanding potential breeding method for Chinese bees in Qinling mountain area by adding relay boxes |
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