CN113080141A - Method for breeding Chinese bees in Qinling mountain area in group-expanding manner by adding super - Google Patents
Method for breeding Chinese bees in Qinling mountain area in group-expanding manner by adding super Download PDFInfo
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- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 108
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 104
- 241000257303 Hymenoptera Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 72
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 235000012907 honey Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 210000000952 spleen Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 210000001520 comb Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 235000013601 eggs Nutrition 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000027326 copulation Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000004936 stimulating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000256844 Apis mellifera Species 0.000 abstract description 97
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 241000264877 Hippospongia communis Species 0.000 description 3
- 230000001154 acute effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010242 baoji Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 208000035240 Disease Resistance Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000012271 agricultural production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009341 apiculture Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000000994 depressogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000017448 oviposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000004988 splenocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 1
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- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for breeding Chinese bees in the Qinling area in a group-expanding manner by adding a super, which comprises the following steps: in early spring bee breeding season, firstly breeding a Chinese bee ternary strain hybrid high-quality queen cell; secondly, establishing a double-queen breeding group which is also used as a mating group, and changing queen by using a ternary strain queen cell to promote quick breeding and group expansion of the double-queen breeding group; a super is added on the double-king breeding swarm hive again, the mature sealed cover spleen is extracted from the double-king breeding swarm and added into the super, and the breeding of the double-king breeding swarm is continuously promoted to increase the swarm vigor; continuously operating, drawing, adjusting, aging, covering the combs, adding the secondary box and promoting the breeding of the double-queen breeding swarm, and finally enabling the double-queen breeding swarm in the bottom box to have eight-splenic bees and the upper secondary box to produce more than four-splenic bees; so far, Chinese bee colonies bred in the super are formed, the bottom double queen breeding colonies form a breeding area for breeding bees, and the upper super is used as a production area for honey brewing and storing. The invention can effectively increase the swarming vigor of Chinese honeybee swarms and improve the breeding benefit by times.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of Chinese bee feeding management in the technical field of animal husbandry breeding, and particularly relates to a method for breeding Chinese bees in a Qinling mountain area by adding a super and expanding the colony potential.
Background
Chinese bees are unique bee species in China, are commonly called as local bees, have a breeding history of thousands of years in China, are very suitable for the natural environment of China, are particularly suitable for breeding in vast mountainous areas and forest areas, are distributed in most places in China, form a plurality of local strains, and are bee species which cannot be replaced by western bees. The method has the advantages that the method is particularly significant in increasing income of farmers, increasing agricultural production, improving quality of agricultural products and balancing forest ecology by breeding Chinese bees, but due to the unique biological characteristics of the Chinese bees, the swarms of each swarms can only maintain 3-6 spleens generally, and the swarms are too small compared with the swarms of western bees which are more than 10 spleens. However, the colony vigor is a key factor for determining the quantity and quality of bee products, so that the honey yield of Chinese bees is low. According to statistics, the average annual honey yield of the Chinese bees is only 7.5kg, compared with the average annual honey yield of 30kg of western bees for the same-condition and fixed-place breeding of the western bees, the annual honey yield of the Chinese bees is only 25% of that of the western bees, and the breeding benefit is not high. The Chinese bees are urgently needed to innovate the breeding method, and the imagination and the contrivance try to increase the group vigor, thereby achieving the purposes of increasing the yield and improving the breeding benefit.
The traditional live-frame breeding method of the Chinese bees comprises the following steps: the bee farmers regularly utilize local natural honey sources, and carry out bee breeding and production according to the change of seasons according to experience summary. Generally, the swarms in Qinling mountains are maintained in the group of 4-6 spleens; in the breeding process, if the colony vigor continues to increase, the bee separation phenomenon can occur, so that the colony vigor of the bees becomes smaller, and the breeding in a super is difficult. Therefore, under the normal climatic conditions, the annual average honey yield of each swarm is only 7.5kg, and the production benefit is poor.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a method for breeding Chinese bees in the Qinling mountain area in a group-expanding manner by adding a relay box.
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a method for breeding Chinese bees in Qinling mountain areas in a group-expanding manner by adding a super comprises the following steps:
step (1): in early spring bee breeding season, the queen of Qinling mountain line of Chinese bee and the male peak of Changbai mountain line of Chinese bee are used as ancestors to carry out copulation, then the queen of high quality is selected from the generated offspring and then the queen of high quality is copulated with the male peak of Huangshan line of Chinese bee as father, so as to generate offspring colonies, and the high quality queen bee is cultivated in the offspring colonies;
step (2): selecting two groups of bees which can maintain larger group vigor and have excellent performance from original bee groups in a bee field, cultivating the two groups of bees to serve as copulation bee groups for storage, and using the two stored copulation bee groups to construct a double-queen breeding group, wherein the two copulation bee groups in the double-queen breeding group are respectively positioned at the left side and the right side of a beehive to form two areas;
and (3): when a large number of male bees emerge from the hive in the spring breeding period, queen bees in two areas of the double-queen breeding swarm are replaced by the high-quality queen bee stands cultivated in the step (1), and the nest recognition capability of the new queen bees is improved after the new queen bees are born and have a marriage and fly away;
and (4): adding a comb foundation in the beehive in the step (2), stimulating the bee colony in the double-queen breeding colony to nest, enabling a new queen to lay eggs, and inhibiting bee separation heat until four bees are respectively reached in two areas of the double-queen breeding colony and more bees are added than the spleen, adding a super above the beehive, and enabling the bee colony to adapt;
and (5): after the bee colony adapts, respectively extracting and adjusting an aged covered spleen from two areas of the double-queen bee breeding colony and adding the aged covered spleen into a super, and then respectively adding a comb foundation or an empty spleen into the two areas of the double-queen bee breeding colony to encourage new queen bees to continuously lay eggs;
and (6): and (3) extracting an aged covered spleen from each of the two areas of the double-queen bee breeding colony again, adding a comb foundation or an empty comb into each of the two areas of the double-queen bee breeding colony, continuously promoting the new queen bee to lay eggs, keeping four combs in each of the two areas of the bottom double-queen bee breeding colony until the number of the combs is four, and forming a bee colony cultured by adding the super until the number of the combs in the upper super is four, forming a breeding area for bee breeding by the bottom double-queen bee breeding colony, and taking the upper super as a production area for honey brewing and storing.
Further, in the honey production period, after the step (6), one aging cover spleen is extracted from each of the two areas of the bottom double-queen bee colony and added into the relay box, then a foundation or an empty spleen is added into each of the two areas of the bottom double-queen bee colony, and new queen bees are continuously promoted to lay eggs, so that four combs are still kept in each of the two areas of the bottom double-queen bee colony, six combs are reached in the upper relay box, the bottom double-queen bee colony continues to serve as a breeding area for bee breeding, and the upper relay box serves as a production area for honey brewing and storage.
Further, in the step (3), after the new queen bee is born, the two regions of the double queen bee breeding colony are staggered from front to back, and are marked at the positions of the hive doors by different colors, so that the nest recognition capability of the new queen bee after birth and marriage is improved.
Further, after the spleen is sealed after the spleen is aged every time of pumping and adjusting, the acute queen bee platform in the super is cleaned from the day of self-adjustment to the sixth day.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the method can ensure that Chinese bees are bred in a super box in the Qinling mountain area, the colony vigor reaches more than 12 spleens, and the large colony vigor can be maintained for a long time, so that the states of no bee separation and no swarm escape are kept;
2. the invention can ensure that the annual average honey yield of Chinese bee colonies in Qinling mountain areas reaches more than 20kg, achieves high and stable yield and greatly improves the breeding benefit.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the cultivation process of a high-quality queen bee platform (new queen bee);
FIG. 2 is a process of adding a super in cultivation.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
Referring to fig. 1 to 2, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for breeding Chinese bees in a Qinling mountain area by adding a super, wherein the method specifically includes the following steps:
step (1): in early spring bee breeding season, the queen of Qinling mountain of Chinese bee and the male peak of Changbai mountain of Chinese bee are used as ancestors to copulate, and then the queen of high quality is selected from the generated offspring and then copulated with the male peak of Huangshan mountain of Chinese bee as father, so as to generate offspring bee colony, and the high quality queen bee is cultivated in the offspring bee colony.
A large number of experiments prove that the queen bee developed by the queen cell bred by the method has the characteristics of large egg laying amount, strong colony potential maintaining capability, strong honey collecting capability, strong disease resistance and good stress resistance, and can maintain the colony potential of the bee colony to be more than 12 spleens, thereby realizing the expanded colony potential breeding of Chinese bees with a super.
It should be noted that when cultivating the superior queen bee, the bee breeding season in spring is needed, and the sufficient honey powder source must be ensured.
Step (2): two groups of bees which can maintain larger group vigor and have excellent performance are selected from original bee groups in a bee-keeping field and are cultivated to be reserved as copulation bee groups, the two copulation bee groups reserved are used for building a double-queen breeding group, the two copulation bee groups in the double-queen breeding group are respectively positioned at the left side and the right side of a beehive, and the middle is separated by a partition plate to form two areas.
And (3): in the spring reproduction period, when a large number of male peaks appear in the hive, queen bees in the two areas of the double queen reproduction colony are replaced by the high-quality queen bee platforms cultivated in the step (1), and the nest recognition capability of the new queen bees is improved after the new queen bees are married and flown away.
After the new queen bee is born, the two areas of the queen bee breeding groups are staggered from the front to the back, and are marked at the positions of the hive doors by different colors, so that the nest recognition capability of the new queen bee after being born is improved, and the new queen bee is prevented from getting lost after being married.
And (4): and (3) adding a comb foundation in the beehive in the step (2), stimulating bee colony nesting, enabling a new queen to lay eggs, and inhibiting bee separation heat until two areas of the double queen breeding colony respectively reach four-splenic bees, and when more bees are present than the spleen, adding a super above the beehive, and enabling the bee colony to adapt.
After the super is additionally arranged, the bee colonies in the two areas of the double-queen breeding colony are adapted to the super by using various conventional measures, and meanwhile, the bees in the two areas are adapted to each other, so that a large colony of bees is formed.
And (5): after the bee colony is adapted, respectively extracting and adjusting an aged covered spleen from two areas of the double-queen bee breeding colony to be added into a super, and then respectively adding a comb foundation or an empty spleen into the two areas of the double-queen bee breeding colony to encourage new queen bees to continuously lay eggs.
If the comb foundation is added, the bee colony needs to be nested first, and a new queen bee can lay eggs; if the empty spleen is added, the new queen bee directly spawns.
At this time, the beehive of the double queen breeding colony serves as a bottom box, four honeycombs are still respectively arranged in two areas of the beehive, and two honeycombs are arranged in an upper super.
And (6): according to the development condition of the sealed cover spleens in the double-queen breeding colony, one mature sealed cover spleens are extracted from two areas of the double-queen breeding colony and added into the relay box, then a comb foundation or an empty comb is added into the two areas of the double-queen breeding colony respectively, new queen bees are continuously promoted to lay eggs, so that four combs are still kept in the two areas of the bottom double-queen breeding colony, the four combs are also reached in the upper relay box, the whole colony has twelve combs, so that the bee colony cultured by the relay box is formed, the lower bottom box double-queen breeding colony forms a breeding area for breeding, and the upper relay box is used as a production area for brewing honey and storing honey.
After the comb is lifted and honey is shaken from the super, one mature covered comb is continuously extracted from each of the two areas of the bottom double-queen bee breeding colony and is added into the super, then one comb foundation or empty comb is respectively added into each of the two areas of the bottom double-queen bee breeding colony, a new queen bee is continuously promoted to lay eggs, twelve comb combs are kept in the whole bee colony, and the process is repeated, so that the bee colony situation is dynamically balanced.
Further, in the honey production period, after the step (6), one mature covered spleen is extracted and adjusted from each of the two areas of the bottom double-queen bee colony and added into the relay box, then a foundation or an empty spleen is added into each of the two areas of the bottom double-queen bee colony, and new queen bees are continuously promoted to lay eggs, so that four combs are still kept in each of the two areas of the bottom double-queen bee colony, six combs are reached in the relay box at the upper part, and the whole colony of bees has fourteen combs; the bottom double-queen breeding colony is continuously used as a breeding area for breeding bees, and the upper super is used as a production area for brewing honey and storing the honey.
In addition, in the honey flow production period, a cover of the super is broken to generate new bees, the vacant honeycomb is used for storing honey, after the comb is lifted from the super and honey is shaken, the generated vacant comb needs to be trimmed and flattened by a cutter and can be added into a bottom box breeding group at the lower part, and a new queen bee can lay eggs on the vacant comb.
Furthermore, after the spleen is sealed by drawing and adjusting the mature cap every time, the stage of acute queen bee in the super is cleaned from the day of adjusting the spleen to the 6 th day.
It should be noted that, when the method of the invention is applied, sufficient honey powder source in the bee colony is ensured, the temperature is proper, and honey and pollen are supplemented without honey and pollen; and due to different climatic differences, the time for the queen change and relay box operation of the bee colony is different, for example, the time for the queen change and relay box of the northern foot of the Qinling mountains in Shaanxi is about 3 to 4 months every year, and the early stage of big honey flow in spring is realized.
By using the method, the bee raising households organize double queen breeding groups in the bee breeding season, and add a relay box in time to expand the group vigor, so that the super large group vigor of more than 12 spleens can be achieved in the honey flow period, and the stable and high yield of the whole year is kept.
For this purpose, the applicant conducted tests on a beehive farm of Mei county depressed valley cooperative. The bee farm is established in 1997, is located in six groups of Yingtou Honghoucun in Mei county, Baoji City, and is used for breeding 370 groups of Chinese bees at present, adopting a traditional live-frame breeding method in 2018, breeding 273 groups of Chinese bees annually, averagely each group has 5 bees, and the annual honey yield of each group is 8.5 kg; after the method of breeding in a super box is adopted in 2019 and 2020, 345 groups of bees are bred in the same year, 13 spleens are averagely produced in each group, the annual average honey yield of each group of bees is 29.5kg, the group vigor is doubled, and the honey yield is improved by 247%.
In addition, the applicant also conducted experiments in darlingjie bee farms. The farm is established in 2008, is located in the Yingtou village of Mei county, Baoji city, and is used for breeding 43 groups of Chinese bees at present, and adopts a traditional live-frame breeding method before 2018, so that 26 groups of Chinese bees are bred annually, each group has 4.5 splenomeles on average, and the annual average honey yield of each group of bees is 4.6 kg; after the method of breeding in a super is adopted in 2019 and 2020, 40 bees are bred in each year, 12.5 splenocytes are averagely produced in each bee group, the annual average honey yield of each bee group is 23kg, the group vigor reaches 2.8 times of the original honey yield, and the honey yield is improved by 400%.
The foregoing is a more detailed description of the invention in connection with specific preferred embodiments and it is not intended that the invention be limited to these specific details. For those skilled in the art to which the invention pertains, several simple deductions or substitutions can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, and all shall be considered as belonging to the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (4)
1. A method for breeding Chinese bees in Qinling mountain areas in a group-expanding manner by adding a super is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step (1): in early spring bee breeding season, the queen of Qinling mountain line of Chinese bee and the male peak of Changbai mountain line of Chinese bee are used as ancestors to carry out copulation, then the queen of high quality is selected from the generated offspring and then the queen of high quality is copulated with the male peak of Huangshan line of Chinese bee as father, so as to generate offspring colonies, and the high quality queen bee is cultivated in the offspring colonies;
step (2): selecting two groups of bees which can maintain larger group vigor and have excellent performance from original bee groups in a bee field, cultivating the two groups of bees to serve as copulation bee groups for storage, and using the two stored copulation bee groups to construct a double-queen breeding group, wherein the two copulation bee groups in the double-queen breeding group are respectively positioned at the left side and the right side of a beehive to form two areas;
and (3): when a large number of male bees emerge from the hive in the spring breeding period, queen bees in two areas of the double-queen breeding swarm are replaced by the high-quality queen bee stands cultivated in the step (1), and the nest recognition capability of the new queen bees is improved after the new queen bees are born and have a marriage and fly away;
and (4): adding a comb foundation in the beehive in the step (2), stimulating the bee colony in the double-queen breeding colony to nest, enabling a new queen to lay eggs, and inhibiting bee separation heat until four bees are respectively reached in two areas of the double-queen breeding colony and more bees are added than the spleen, adding a super above the beehive, and enabling the bee colony to adapt;
and (5): after the bee colony adapts, respectively extracting and adjusting an aged covered spleen from two areas of the double-queen bee breeding colony and adding the aged covered spleen into a super, and then respectively adding a comb foundation or an empty spleen into the two areas of the double-queen bee breeding colony to encourage new queen bees to continuously lay eggs;
and (6): and (3) extracting an aged covered spleen from each of the two areas of the double-queen bee breeding colony again, adding a comb foundation or an empty comb into each of the two areas of the double-queen bee breeding colony, continuously promoting the new queen bee to lay eggs, keeping four combs in each of the two areas of the bottom double-queen bee breeding colony until the number of the combs is four, and forming a bee colony cultured by adding the super until the number of the combs in the upper super is four, forming a breeding area for bee breeding by the bottom double-queen bee breeding colony, and taking the upper super as a production area for honey brewing and storing.
2. The method for breeding Chinese bees in the Qinling mountain area with the super added to the colony-expanding feature according to claim 1, wherein in the honey production period, after the step (6), one mature covered spleen is extracted and adjusted from each of the two areas of the bottom double-queen bee colony and added into the super, and then one comb foundation or empty comb is added into each of the two areas of the bottom double-queen bee colony to continuously promote the new queen bee to lay eggs, so that four combs are kept in each of the two areas of the bottom double-queen bee colony, six combs are reached in the upper super, the bottom double-queen bee colony continues to be used as a breeding area for bee breeding, and the upper super is used as a production area for honey production and honey storage.
3. The method for breeding Chinese bees in the Qinling mountain area with the super box according to claim 1 or 2, wherein in the step (3), after the new queen bee is born, the two queen bee breeding groups are staggered from front to back, and are marked at the hive entrance by different colors, so that the nest recognition capability of the new queen bee after birth and marriage is improved.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein the queen bee raising method is performed every time the queen bee is seasoned and covered by the cap, and the queen bee is cleaned from the day of the queen bee raising to the sixth day.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114027264A (en) * | 2021-08-24 | 2022-02-11 | 吉林省养蜂科学研究所（吉林省蜂产品质量管理监督站、吉林省蜜蜂遗传资源基因保护中心） | Anti-mite disease-preventing bee colony breeding method |
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