RU2266641C2 - Method for forming bee families - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: apiculture.

SUBSTANCE: the present innovation deals with initial division of one strong bee family into two ones followed by dividing a queen-free half of bee family into two ones at developing a brood chamber with breeding combs in central part of a beehive, feedstuffs and at restricting the brood chamber under development with diaphragms at applying heaters, for example, lateral pads. Division of queen-free family should be carried out after developing fistulous queen cells by bees. Moreover, before queens' appearance it is necessary to put a queen-bearing half of bee family aside, as for a queen-free half and queen cells, among them, they should be divided into two equal parts to be placed in two similarly prepared beehives. The quantity of honeycomb frames in every newly developed bee family should be equal due to adding one honeycomb with feedstuffs. Beehives with newly developed queen-free bee families should be installed at equal distance against previous place of location of queen-free half of bee family. The innovation suggested enables to increase the quantity of bee families two-fold.

EFFECT: higher efficiency.

1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of agriculture, in particular to the cultivation of bee colonies by dividing a strong bee colonies into two.

A widely known method of forming bee colonies by selecting two or three frames of a mature brood with bees sitting on honeycombs from a bee family having 7-9 brood frames. The frame with the uterus is left in the main bee family. Two frames with honey and perga are added to the frames with brood and bees and additionally shake the bees from one or two frames of the main family. The hive with the layering is closed, the nest is reduced and insulated.

Layers form bees during the daytime during the summer, when mostly non-flying young bees remain in bee colonies. They take root well in new families and accept queens. In the evening, sealed (mature) mother liquors are placed in the layers or the queens are planted. See book N.A. Burenin, G.N. Kotova. Handbook of beekeeping. 2nd edition. Moscow, Agropromizdat, 1985, p. 41.

The disadvantages of this method include the fact that the organization of individual layering often significantly weakens the main bee colonies, since several frames with brood and bees are taken from them at once.

It is impossible to form layers of great strength in this way, therefore it is most often used in apiaries that are unsuccessful for quarantine diseases, where the organization of new bee colonies in other ways is impossible.

A better method for the formation of bee families is known - a prototype see application No. 2001/134069 / 13 (036020) dated 12/13/2001, including dividing one bee family into two with the formation of nests in the central part of the hive with brood, feed and land, with by limiting the formed nest with diaphragms and installing heat insulators, for example, side pillows, moreover, the separation of the bee colonies is carried out at the first sign of the preparation of the bee colonies for swarming, in particular with the advent of the drone brood and the beginning of the construction of bowls, divided into two parts the human family is housed in two hives, in one - uterine-free - honeycombs are placed mainly with open brood and seeding, in the other hive the uterus with the second half of honeycombs, mainly with printed brood, is placed, and the motherless half of the bee colony is placed in the hive installed in the same place.

The disadvantages of the prototype method can be attributed to the tendency of bees to swarm in some non-uterine halves of bee colonies during the division of strong bee colonies. The newly formed, strong, uterine-free bee colonies begin to intensively plant a large number of fistulous queen cells, and there is a high probability of the withdrawal of several uterus equal in strength, and, as a result, a precedent is created for the loss of leadership of one of the queen bees. In this case, a weak uterus is either forced out with a handful of bees behind the diaphragm, or a situation arises inherent in natural swarming, and one of the queen bees with a part of the bees flies out of the hive (swarming), despite the fact that there is enough space in the hive to settle. This situation, leading to swarming, complicates the work of the beekeeper and leads to productivity losses both in obtaining honey and in the formation of bee colonies. The behavior of such bee families is unpredictable, it is impossible to predict, and the capture of swarms from such bee families is even more problematic.

The objective of the present invention is to eliminate the disadvantages of the prototype, in particular, to prevent the swarm state of the newly created bezmatochny bee families (layering) and, as a result, increase the number of formed new high-quality bee families.

The problem is achieved in that after the laying by the bees of fistulous queen cells in the initially formed strong bezelike half of the bee family (lay), before the queen leaves, it is divided into two parts and placed in two identical hives, while the number of honeycombs in each second-formed bee family (lay) make equal by adding one honeycomb with feed, while the uterine half of the bee colonies are preliminarily pushed to the side, and the hives with the secondary formed uterine-free bee colonies (layering) are set at an equal distance from the former parking lot of the bezmatochny half of the bee family.

Signs that after the laying by the bees of fistulous queen cells in the initially formed strong uterine-free half of the bee family (lay), before the queen leaves, it is divided into two parts and placed in two identical hives, while the number of honeycombs in each second-formed bee family (lay) is made equal by adding one honeycomb with feed, while the uterine half of the bee colonies are preliminarily pushed to the side, and the hives with secondary formed uterine-free bee colonies (layers) are set at an equal distance of of former half parking queenless bee colonies are signs of significant, non-obvious, as it is difficult even to imagine that the newly formed half queenless bee colonies started to divide again and together all features are directed to the achievement of the invention, the problem of increasing the effectiveness of bee colonies division and enhance productivity.

Figure 1 schematically shows the proposed method for dividing the bee colonies.

where a) is the location of the uterine and uterine-free half of the bee colonies after primary division.

b) - the location of the uterine bee colonies after a preliminary shift to the side.

c) - the location of bee colonies and beehives before dividing the uterine-free half of the bee colony (layering) - position-in1 and after division - position-in2.

g) and e) - location options for bee colonies and beehives before dividing the bezelless half of the bee colony - position g1 and d1, respectively, and after division, g2 and d2.

The uterine bee family is indicated by знаком - position 1, the additional hive (s) used for dividing is indicated (s) by the dotted line - position 3. The uterine-free half of the initially formed bee family - position 2.

The proposed method for the formation of bee families (layering) is as follows.

In order to begin the formation of bee colonies by the proposed method, the uterine half of the bee colonies 1 is moved away from the bezelless half of the bee colonies 2 (layer) at least by the dimensions of the hive (if they are located nearby - view b). Further, to the location of the hive 2 - view (a), in which the bezelless half of the bee colonies intended for dividing is located with laid fistulous queen cells (on the left - view (c), or on the right - view (d), or on the left and right - view (d )), set up beehives of the same type 3 prepared for colonization by bees, into which they carry half-framed honeycombs with fistulous queen cells, brood, feed and bees sitting on them.

Since there were seven honeycomb frames in the beeless family of the bee colony, one of the honeycomb with feed was added to one of the hives, in which there were three honeycombs.

On the edges of the newly formed each nest, honeycombs with forages (honey-pergi or honey) are placed and diaphragms are installed, behind which lateral insulation pads are placed.

Each newly formed uterine-free bee family (layering) with 4 honeycombs is formed either in one new hive and one old, or two new hives, occupying half (or some part) of the old parking place of the uterine half of the bee family.

A week after dividing the bezelless half of the bee colony, the received layering is examined. Upon examination, the beekeeper monitors the uniform distribution of feed and replenishes the nests when there is a shortage of them.

Replenishment is carried out either with honey (honey-pepper) honeycombs, or in the absence of them with benign sushi with a spray of sugar or honey syrup (if necessary with medicines).

In each uterine-free bee family, approximately a month after division, a young fetal uterus begins to work.

With the beginning of the work of the young uterus (the appearance of eggs in the cells of honeycombs), replenishment of the nests with benign sushi is carried out, in its absence - with wax according to generally accepted methods.

The restoration of the strength of a divided bee colony (uterine half), in the vast majority of cases, occurs by the time the main bribe begins.

The recovery of layering obtained by the method of in-depth division of the bezelless half of the bee colony took place in the winter, before the complete set of bees and feed, in 35-40% of cases. The remaining layering was restored to 9-11 small bee streets and the corresponding amount of feed, which, according to accepted estimates, also corresponds to the category of strong bee colonies. Only a single number of layering over the years due to the loss of the uterus or its poor performance was rejected in the autumn audit.

Thus, the primary division of a strong uterine bee family prevents the danger of it entering a swarm state with the corresponding consequences, and the secondary in-depth division of a bezelless half of the bee family (layering) allows a significant increase in bee families without causing damage to the main (uterine) bee family.

A specific example of the proposed method for the formation of bee colonies.

In an apiary with fifty bee colonies, to carry out experimental work on the formation of new bee colonies, after selecting and dividing twenty strong bee colonies, a week later they started the next stage of in-depth division of eighteen bezaterochnyh halves of bee colonies (layering) (two bezmatochny halves of bee colonies did not develop as intensively as the rest ) Each uterine-free half of the bee colony, previously obtained by division and proposed for division, had 7 honeycombs with brood, feed, fistulous queen cells and bees.

Each of the 18 uterine halves of the previously divided strong bee colonies, standing next to the bezelless half of the bee colonies (layering), was pushed to the side by at least the dimensions (size) of the hive. It was previously prepared, washed, disinfected, dried, etc. thirty-six available in pairs the same in design and color of the hives. Initially, to eight of the eighteen most developed and active uterine-free bee colonies, as part of the dividing work, next to the supports were installed 1 or 2 pairs of identical prepared hives in design and color, in each of which honeycombs with brood, fistulous queen cells were transferred, feeds and bees from the bezelless half of the bee colony on 3 and 4 honeycombs, respectively, and the frames with fistulous queen cells were divided equally. In feedless bee colonies (secondary layers) with three honeycombs, one fodder honey or honey-feather honeycomb was added and placed between the uterine half of the bee colony and the newly formed bezelike family with 4 honeycombs.

After installing honeycombs with bees, brood, feed and fistulous queen cells, diaphragms and warming pads in the hives and after the formation of each new bee colony (lay), each pair of new bezelless bee colonies was installed at the same distance from the former parking lot of the bezelike half of the bee colony (primary lay). In the next two days, an in-depth division of ten more uterine-free bee colonies was performed. In this case, the honeycomb with mother liquors, as in the previous case, as a rule, was located in the center of the nest, and forage reserves were placed at the edges. The nest in the center of the hive was fenced with two diaphragms and insulated with side and top heaters. The process of scattering bees through the hives was regulated in a known manner using the movement of hives.

The process of dividing the bee colonies ended when the same number of flying bees visually flew into both uterine-free bee colonies. All further measures for caring for separated bezelless bee colonies, after the start of work of young queens, consisted in expanding the nests by setting up sotoramas of land or wax.

In 2000, the proposed method was divided into 21 bee families, and only one layering was lost before leaving for the winter. In eight bee families, both layers left in the winter with 12 bee streets and full feed reserves, paired layers in 12 bee families and the remaining without a pair of branches were filled by a bee in 9-11 streets with the corresponding amount of feed.

In 2001, 2002 According to the proposed methods, 20 bee families were divided, in 2003, eighteen.

In the aforementioned years, on average 80-90% of the layering obtained by the proposed method went to winter in the category of strong bee colonies and only a single number of layering corresponded to the status of weak (less than 9 bee streets) bee colonies, but there was no feed problem for them.

Thus, the use of the proposed in-depth method for the formation of bee colonies allows you to get from a strong highly developed bee colony to two complete layers with a complete set of bees and feed, and in the presence of a late summer bribe and marketable products from the most developed layers, without prejudice to the main uterine bee family.

Work on the formation of layering is carried out throughout the flight day (not adapting to the time), it becomes possible to use beehives of any design, color and location in pairs.

At the same time, each bezelless half of the bee family (layering) is completely cleared by the bee of the dead brood during ascospherosis, the development cycle of varroatosis is broken, there is a wide possibility of using drugs, the laboriousness of the work is reduced, especially when regulating the spread of bees, young fistulous uterus is received without the intervention of the beekeeper, there is no need to reinforce the print brood of any part of the divided bee colony in comparison with other methods of division and formation bee colonies disappearing strong probability of entry of highly productive bee colonies in the swarm the state before the start of the main bribe.

Claims (1)

A method for forming bee colonies, including dividing one bee colony into two with the formation in the central part of the hive of a nest with honeycombs with brood, feed and restriction of the formed nest to diaphragms with the installation of heaters, for example side pillows, characterized in that after the bees lay the fistulous queen cells in the initially formed strong the uterine-free half of the bee colony (lay) is divided into two parts before queen exit and placed in two identical hives, with the number of honeycombs in each second formed The second bee colony (lay) is made equal by adding one honeycomb with feed, while the uterine half of the bee colony is preliminarily pushed to the side, and new beehives with secondarily formed bezelless bee colony (layering) are installed at an equal distance from the former parking lot of the bezelless half of the bee colony.