CN111345267A - Breeding method of hybrid line of special laying hens with feather color double-self-distinguishing male and female black-feather pink shells and high yield - Google Patents
Breeding method of hybrid line of special laying hens with feather color double-self-distinguishing male and female black-feather pink shells and high yield Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of poultry genetic breeding, in particular to a seed production method of a special laying hen matched line with high-yield characteristic of black-feather pink-shell with double self-distinguishing feathers. The method for producing the seeds is to carry out hybridization matching on the reed blossom fast-feather hen and the matched adult slow-feather cock. The black-feather chicken and the Luhua-feather chicken are bred simultaneously through feather color discrimination, the feather color discrimination of male and female can be realized in parent generations and commodity generations, compared with the existing black-feather laying hens, the feather speed discrimination is adopted, time and labor are saved, male and female can be discriminated only by seeing the feather color from the outside, the characteristic laying hen breeding of an obvious local variety is realized, and the market advantage is obvious.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of poultry genetic breeding, in particular to a seed production method of a special laying hen matched line with high-yield characteristic of black-feather pink-shell with double self-distinguishing feathers.
Background
With the development of the chicken industry and the aggravation of market competition, the demands of people on male and female identification are more and more urgent, so that the feeding cost is reduced. The identification of the male and female can be carried out by two methods: anus identification and feather speed or feather color self-sexing. The anus identification method has high requirements on identification personnel, the labor intensity is high, the identification rate is greatly different due to different identification personnel, and the chicken is easily damaged due to improper operation. The feather speed or the feather color has obvious sex characteristics, the requirement on identification personnel is not high, the quality and the quantity can be guaranteed by slightly guiding, the identification accuracy is high, the speed is high, the labor intensity is low, the damage to chicks is reduced, the pollution caused by anus turning is reduced, the brooding quality and the survival rate are improved, and therefore, the cultivation of the fast-identified breeds of the male and the female is the direction of scientific research and the production requirement.
The breadth of our country is vast, the local variety resources are rich, and different local varieties are formed in different regions. The feather color of local breeder breeders in China is also many, such as Luhua feather, black feather and yellow feather, and the variety of local breeders is enriched by different feather colors. Most of the introduced high-yield laying hens are white feather, gray feather, red feather and the like. The black feather is defined by the proportion of the black feather in the whole body, and more than 95 percent of the feathers are black feather chickens. The black feather laying hens are particularly required and popular by consumers in a certain area and have certain market prospect. At present, black feather chickens are mainly bred in local varieties in China, a new poplar black feather laying hen is bred, and the commercial generation of the new poplar black feather laying hen is self-sexed by feather speed, so that the method is greatly improved compared with the prior anus identification method. The feather speed self-distinguishing sexes is also the mode adopted by the black feather laying hens at present, the black feather laying hens cannot distinguish the sexes by feather color self, and the identification of the black feather laying hens adopting the feather color self-distinguishing sexes is restricted mainly because the black feather gene E is controlled by a dominant gene positioned on an autosome and does not change the sex-linked inheritance. The breeding mode of the new poplar black feather laying hens capable of distinguishing male and female automatically at feather speed is still low in discrimination rate in the conventional scientific research and production of breeds, and is time-consuming and labor-consuming.
At present, the requirements on the body and appearance of chickens in the market are higher and higher, black feather and Luhua feather chickens are particularly favored by consumers, Luhua feather and black feather laying hens are obtained by respectively cultivating and combining different varieties and different matches, and a breeding mode which can simultaneously obtain two kinds of laying hens and realize quicker and more convenient feather color self-sexing and high egg yield is not provided. Wenshang Luhua chicken is a characteristic dual-purpose local variety in Shandong province, has medium body type, has feather of the whole body in a transverse striation shape with alternate black and white and consistent width, and is popular in the market. We have found that both the black feather gene and the rhabdoid gene of Wenshang Luhua chicken are homozygous, and the rhabdoid gene is diluted to melanin, so that the feather is Luhua feather. The gene of the transverse spot is located on the Z chromosome of the chicken, is accompanied by sex inheritance and can be distinguished in chicks, so that the gene can be used for self-distinguishing male and female feather colors.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a seed production method of a hybrid line of special laying hens with double-self-distinguishing male and female feather and black-feather pink shells high yield, black-feather chickens and Luhua chickens are bred simultaneously through double-self-distinguishing feather, the self-distinguishing male and female feather of the feather can be realized in the parent generation and the commercial generation, compared with the existing black-feather laying hens, the method is more time-saving and labor-saving, the male and female can be distinguished only by looking at the feather color from the outside, the male and female can be distinguished through different colors of the head, the belly and the toes in the parent generation and the female generation, the male and female can be distinguished through the three whites in the parent generation, the Luhua feather in the commercial generation is the male, and the black feather is the female; the egg yield is obviously improved compared with that of local black feather chicken, the black feather characteristic is kept, the special black feather chicken feed is suitable for the requirements of people on special laying hens, the special laying hens of the local variety are bred, the market advantage is obvious, and the problems in the prior art are solved.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a seed production method of a feather color double-self-distinguishing male and female black-feather pink-shell high-yield special laying hen complete set line comprises the following operation steps:
(1) paternal line breeding
Carrying out hybridization on the parent maternal line of the existing Luo island red chickens to obtain the father line 0 generation Luo island red chicken chicks, carrying out fast and slow feather identification on the father line 0 generation Luo island red chicken chicks, and respectively establishing a Luo island red chicken fast feather line and a Luo island red chicken slow feather line for feeding; the Luo island red chicken fast feather line is named as A line, and the Luo island red chicken slow feather line is named as B line;
(2) breeding of mother line
Breeding the existing Luhua chicken male and female to obtain the Luhua male and female chick of the 0 th generation, identifying the fast and slow feather of the Luhua male and female chick of the 0 th generation, and reserving a fast feather line of the Luhua chicken for feeding, which is named as a C line; the chick of the reed flower chicken after the seed is reserved is the chick of the 1 st generation; reserving the Luhua chicken for the breeding of the 1 st generation chicken as the 2 nd generation chicken, and reserving the breeding to the 4 th generation chicken in the same method;
(3) respectively reserving seeds of the A line and the B line and breeding the A line and the B line to the 4 th generation chicks; when breeding families, the fast-slow feather gene of the A-line cock is purified, and because the slow-feather gene shows the fast-feather gene, two genotypes exist in the slow-feather cock, one is ZKZkAnd the other is ZKZKThe molecular identification method is adopted to remove genotype heterozygote ZKZkSelecting and retaining homozygous Z of the genotype cockKZKBreeding the cock; (4) selecting a 4 th generation chick of the A line and a 4 th generation chick of the B line as an AB line; breeding the AB line chicks into adults, and selecting the AB line slow-feather cocks to perform the next hybridization matching;
(5) hybridization mating parents self-female: hybridizing C-line adult reed flower fast-feather hens with the adult AB-line slow-feather cocks matched in the step (4), wherein the parent AB line and the parent C line can self identify sexes through feather colors;
(6) hybridization matched commodity generation self-identification male and female: hybridizing the parent AB cock with the C line hen to obtain commercial chicks; the feather color of the commercial generation chicks is self-sexing, the cocks are Luhua feathers, and the hens are black feathers.
Step (5), AB line self-sexing male and female: the head, abdomen and the junction of metatarsus and phalanx appeared white, and the disease was a cock, or a hen. Line C is self-sexing male and female: the three characteristics of white spots on the tops of the heads, more white spots on the abdomens and segmented toes can identify the male and the female, and the three characteristics are that the male and the female are the male and the female, on the contrary, the white spots on the heads, the abdomens and the toes are the female and the female are integrated, and the male and the female can be identified in the mating female line through the three characteristics.
And (6) the down feather of the whole body of the black feather chick is black, and the heads of the reed flower feather chick have obvious light-colored patches except the black down feather of the whole body. The feather color can be distinguished from male and female; the male and female parents and commodity generations can distinguish the feather color by themselves, and the feather color can be distinguished by themselves and by themselves.
Further, when the fast feather line of the Luhua chicken in the step (2) is reserved, the cock is selected from a cock with bright Luhua feather color, clear transverse spots, no impurity hair, single crown, yellow or white skin, thick and large semen; the hens are selected from hens with fresh Luhua feather, clear transverse spots, no impurity hair, light-powder eggshell, high laying rate in the same batch and egg shape index of 1.3-1.5.
Further, when reserving seeds and breeding are carried out in the step (2) and the step (3), each strain has more than 60 families; selecting individuals with uniform eggshell color and high laying rate for reserving seeds in the A line and the B line; the C line selects the egg laying performance in the holomorphic, the egg yield is high, the color of the eggshell is uniform, and the shallow powder is reserved.
Furthermore, the chicks of each line need to be independently raised, selected and bred and disease purified.
Furthermore, a family seed reserving method is adopted for reserving and breeding various strains.
Further, avian leukemia and salmonella detection is carried out on each line during shell emergence, production and seed reservation, and negative chicken flocks are selected for seed reservation.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention aims at the problem that the existing black-feather laying hens are difficult to self-identify the male and female feather colors, Luhua hen hens are selected for breeding, and the sex-linked horizontal spot gene B genetic principle of the Luhua hen is utilized, and the horizontal spot gene B for controlling the character of the Luhua is completely dominant on a sex chromosome, B represents Luhua, and B is non-Luhua. The gene B has the function of diluting melanin and has the interaction effect with the colored feather phenotype; meanwhile, the gene B of the transverse macula is positioned on a sex chromosome Z and shows sex-linked cross inheritance. Crossbreeding the Luhua hen and the cock with the colored feather gene to produce a cock with Luhua feather and a hen with a non-Luhua feather commodity generation; meanwhile, the transverse spot reed flower gene is the mixture of the black feather gene and the transverse spot gene, black and white reed flowers are expressed after interaction, namely the reed flowers contain the black feather gene E, and the transverse spot gene B is used for diluting black feathers formed by the black feather gene E in a transverse strip mode to express the reed flowers. The male parent used in the seed production mode has a honeysuckle feather site ss, and S is a silver gene and is white, so the sites in the male parent and the female parent are both S; the black feather locus is E, E is dominant to E, and the recessive homozygous ee is red, brown and the like. The commercial generation cock and the hen obtained in the seed production mode are slow feather and Luhua feather, black feather and Luhua feather can be well realized in the hen and the cock respectively, two kinds of feather commercial generation chickens are obtained simultaneously, the egg laying performance of the commercial generation black feather hen is high, the egg laying performance of the commercial generation black feather hen accords with the variety requirements of the laying hen industry on special laying hens, a new set of systems is easy to popularize, the feather color of the parent generation and the feather generation can be self-distinguished, and the feather color can be double self-distinguished, male and female. Commercial substitute fresh eggs of the mating system are pink shell eggs, the market price is higher than that of brown shell eggs, old hens are black feathers, and the value of elimination is higher than that of red feathers of common high-yield laying hens. The commercial Luhua feather cock is a commercial Luhua cock, the growth speed of the commercial Luhua cock is faster than that of a pure Wenshang Luhua chicken, the growth time of the Wenshang Luhua chicken is advanced, the meat quality is excellent, and the market value is high. In addition, as the female parent is Luhua chicken, the commercial hen has a small body shape, and the feeding space requirement is less than that of a common brown-shell laying hen; the feed consumption is low, and the production cost of each egg is low.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a matched seed production method of the invention.
Detailed Description
In order to clearly explain the technical features of the present invention, the following detailed description of the present invention is provided with reference to the accompanying drawings.
1. Breeding of pure line of Luhua feather
(a) The method utilizes the Wenshang Luhua chicken to carry out fast and slow feather identification at the age of 1 day of hatching, and establishes the genotype of the Wenshang Luhua chicken fast feather line-C line and cock (EEZ)kBZkB) Genotype of hen (EEZ)kBW) pure breeding. Detecting avian leukemia and salmonella in the feeding process, when the poultry is fed to 90 days old in the generation, eliminating individuals with the weight below 2 standard deviations, eliminating all individuals with positive salmonella before 120 days old, eliminating all individuals with positive salmonella before group conversion, detecting avian leukemia by the first three eggs of hens when the group is started, detecting semen of cocks, and eliminating all positive individuals; after the chicken flock is laid, hens laid at night by 20 percent are eliminated, cocks with the lowest liquor amount of 40 percent are eliminated, and hens which lay eggs more heavily than average egg weight are eliminated. Thus, the 0 th generation Luhua chicken fast feather line (C) is screened out.
(b) According to the following steps of 1: 20 breeding and hatching the chickens by a holomorphic family breeding method, and detecting the leukemia of the chickens by using meconium at the age of 1 day, so as to eliminate positive individuals.
Reserving the family, and constructing 60 cocks with a ratio of 1:15, wherein 60 cocks and 900 hens are needed; the chick after the seed is reserved is the 2 nd generation chick.
The conventional full sib family mating hatching is a common method for family breeding, selected cock and hen are respectively marked and put into an individual cage for feeding, and the number of the individual cages is 1. 1 cock and 15 hens breed, mark cock and hen's mark on the hatching egg of collection, and same family is put together for the hatching egg of the same serial number promptly during the hatching, need pack into different boxes of hatching respectively with different families during the cropping, and the round hole several of planting diameter 2cmn is reserved respectively on the box all around for ventilation during the hatching, the egg oxygen exchange of being convenient for. And the serial number of the family is marked on each hatchling box. And recording the number of chickens of each family during hatching, and marking the chickens. Meanwhile, meconium in each family is collected for detecting the leukemia of the poultry, and positive chickens are completely eliminated in the whole chick box.
In the feeding process, isolation, immunization and quarantine are carried out according to the biological safety regulation of the production of pure breeders strictly, and pullorum disease positive individuals and avian leukemia positive individuals are eliminated. Determining the age of the individual in the day of laying, the weight of the egg, the color of the eggshell, the number of the eggs, the sexual maturity of the cock and the quality of the semen.
(c) The breeding of the family of the generation 2, the generation 3 and the generation 4 is carried out in the same way.
2. Breeding of fast and slow feather pure line of yellow-feather chicken
The method for selecting the 0-generation paternal chick is obtained by mating the parent line of the existing Luo island red chicken. Identifying fast and slow feather of the father line 0 generation Luo island red chicken chicks, respectively establishing a Luo island red chicken fast feather line (line A) and a Luo island red chicken slow feather line (line B) for feeding, and respectively carrying out independent feeding, breeding, disease purification and the like on the line A and the line B. Fast and slow feather lines are formed.
The breeding method of the paternal line comprises the following steps: utilizing ancestral A series (the ancestral A series of the variety) such as Hibiscus red Isa and Hailan, etc. to breed the first parent A series after hatching to form a first parent A series; utilizing ancestral B lines (the ancestral B line of the variety) such as Hibiscus red Isa and Hailan to breed a first parent line after hatching; hybridizing the A line and the B line to obtain an AB line, then carrying out pure propagation on the AB line (the breeding method is not shown in figure 1), and carrying out fast and slow feather identification after hatching to form the fast feather line A line and the slow feather line B line; feeding the fast feather line A and the slow feather line B in individual cages, reserving seeds in families, and purifying diseases; the seed reserving and breeding and the disease net mode are the same as the C line family breeding and seed reserving mode.
3. Mating line hybrid parental chick self-identification female
C, identification of male and female systems: by adopting a feather color identification method, the male and female can be identified by three characteristics of white spots on the tops of the heads, more white spots on the abdomens and segmented toe colors of the cocks, the cocks with the three characteristics are the cocks, and conversely, the cocks with less white spots on the heads, more abdominal colors and integrated toe colors are the hens, and the male and female can be identified in the mating family and the female family through the three characteristics. Meanwhile, the male and female identification with the three-white characteristics can be carried out on the parental cock. The joint of the head, the abdomen, the metatarsus and the phalanges is white, and the joint is a cock, otherwise, the joint is a hen.
4. Complete set of commercial generation self-distinguishing male and female and production performance
Selecting fast-feather cocks of fast-feather line A (eeZ)kbZkb) And slow-feathered hens of line B of slow-feathered line (eeZ)KbW) hybridizing to obtain a second paternal line AB; selecting a second paternal line AB line cock with a genotype of (eeZ)KbZkb)。
Placing the second paternal line AB into the open pipe eeZKbZkbIs EEZ female parent of terminal parent system CkBThe product is obtained by W hybridization, the commercial generation chickens are all high-yielding, the cock is Luhua feather, the hen is black feather, wherein the commercial generation cock and the hen are slow feather, and the genotype of the cock is Heng EeZkBZKBThe genotype of the commercial hen is EeZKbW, the chicken can be quickly identified by feather color.
First, parent-parent generation production performance of a parent system:
TABLE 1 parent strain parental breeding hens productivity
| Main performance of production | Index (I) |
| Survival rate of 1-18 weeks (%) | ＞95 |
| 18 weekend body weight (gram) | 1032.0 |
| 72W laying number of hen in house | 211.7 |
| 72W number of eggs laid by hen in house | 194.8 |
| Fertilization rate of hatching egg (%) | 91.8 |
| Hatching rate of fertilized egg (%) | 90.0 |
| 72W provides the number of the female young birds | 80.5 |
| Mortality at 19-72 weeks of age (%) | ＜3 |
Second, the commercial product production performance:
TABLE 2 commercial product performance
The above-described embodiments should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention, and any alternative modifications or alterations to the embodiments of the present invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art.
The present invention is not described in detail, but is known to those skilled in the art.
Claims (6)
1. A seed production method of a feather color double-self-distinguishing male and female black-feather pink shell high-yield special laying hen complete set line is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) paternal line breeding
Carrying out hybridization on the parent maternal line of the existing Luo island red chickens to obtain the father line 0 generation Luo island red chicken chicks, carrying out fast and slow feather identification on the father line 0 generation Luo island red chicken chicks, and respectively establishing a Luo island red chicken fast feather line and a Luo island red chicken slow feather line for feeding; the Luo island red chicken fast feather line is named as A line, and the Luo island red chicken slow feather line is named as B line;
(2) breeding of mother line
Breeding the existing Luhua chicken male and female to obtain the Luhua male and female chick of the 0 th generation, identifying the fast and slow feather of the Luhua male and female chick of the 0 th generation, and reserving a fast feather line of the Luhua chicken for feeding, which is named as a C line; the chick of the reed flower chicken after the seed is reserved is the chick of the 1 st generation; reserving the Luhua chicken for the breeding of the 1 st generation chicken as the 2 nd generation chicken, and reserving the breeding to the 4 th generation chicken in the same method;
(3) respectively reserving seeds of the A line and the B line and breeding the A line and the B line to the 4 th generation chicks; during family breeding, the fast and slow feather genes of the A-line cock are purified, heterozygotes supplied to genotypes are removed by adopting a molecular identification method, and homozygote cocks are selected and reserved for pure breeding;
(4) selecting a 4 th generation chick cock of the A line and a 4 th generation chick hen of the B line to breed a chick AB line; after the chicks are raised to be grown, selecting and reserving AB-line slow-feather cocks to carry out the next hybridization matching;
(5) hybridization mating parents self-female: hybridizing C-line adult reed flower fast-feather hens with the adult AB-line slow-feather cocks matched in the step (4), wherein the parent AB line and the parent C line can self identify sexes through feather colors;
(6) hybridization matched commodity generation self-identification male and female: hybridizing the parent AB cock with the C line hen to obtain commercial chicks; the feather color of the commercial generation chicks is self-sexing, the cocks are Luhua feathers, and the hens are black feathers.
2. The method for producing hybrid seeds of high-yield special laying hen with double self-distinguishing male and female black-feather pink-egg feathered lines according to claim 1, wherein when the fast-feathered line of the Luhua chicken in the step (2) is reserved, the cock selects the cock with bright Luhua feathered color, clear transverse spots, no mixed hair, single crown, yellow or white skin, thick semen and large amount; the hens are selected from hens with fresh Luhua feather, clear transverse spots, no impurity hair, light-powder eggshell, high laying rate in the same batch and egg shape index of 1.3-1.5.
3. The method for producing hybrid seeds of a feather color double-self-sexing black-male pink-egg high-yield special laying hen complete set line according to claim 1, wherein when reserving seeds and breeding are carried out in the steps (2) and (3), more than 60 families are generated in each line; selecting individuals with uniform eggshell color and high laying rate for reserving seeds in the A line and the B line; the C line selects the egg laying performance in the holomorphic, the egg yield is high, the color of the eggshell is uniform, and the shallow powder is reserved.
4. The method for producing hybrid eggs of special laying hens with high yield of both male and female pink-feather shells according to claim 1, wherein the chicks of each line need to be individually raised, selectively bred and disease purified.
5. The method for producing hybrid seeds of special laying hen with high yield of both male and female pink-feather shells according to claim 1, wherein each line seed selection adopts a family seed reserving method.
6. The method for producing hybrid seeds of high-yield special laying hen with double self-identified male and female black-feather pink-egg feathers as claimed in claim 1, wherein avian leukemia and salmonella detection is performed on each line during the process of shelling, starting production and reserving seeds, and negative chicken groups are selected for reserving seeds.
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| CN202010269315.1A CN111345267B (en) | 2020-04-08 | 2020-04-08 | Breeding method of hybrid line of special laying hens with feather color double-self-distinguishing male and female black-feather pink shells and high yield |
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| CN202010269315.1A CN111345267B (en) | 2020-04-08 | 2020-04-08 | Breeding method of hybrid line of special laying hens with feather color double-self-distinguishing male and female black-feather pink shells and high yield |
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Cited By (2)
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| CN114431190A (en) * | 2022-01-29 | 2022-05-06 | 中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所 | Breeding method of double-feather self-sexing high-added-value laying hen complete set line |
| CN114667965A (en) * | 2022-02-17 | 2022-06-28 | 江苏省家禽科学研究所科技创新有限公司 | Method for breeding high-reproduction, high-efficiency and high-quality dual-purpose black-feather chickens |
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| CN114667965A (en) * | 2022-02-17 | 2022-06-28 | 江苏省家禽科学研究所科技创新有限公司 | Method for breeding high-reproduction, high-efficiency and high-quality dual-purpose black-feather chickens |
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