JP2010031066A - Feather powder, method for producing the same, soil improving material, and plant husbandry soil including the same - Google Patents

Feather powder, method for producing the same, soil improving material, and plant husbandry soil including the same Download PDF

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JP2010031066A
JP2010031066A JP2008181839A JP2008181839A JP2010031066A JP 2010031066 A JP2010031066 A JP 2010031066A JP 2008181839 A JP2008181839 A JP 2008181839A JP 2008181839 A JP2008181839 A JP 2008181839A JP 2010031066 A JP2010031066 A JP 2010031066A
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mass
feather
feather powder
soil
producing
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Yoshitake Natatsu
義剛 名達
Masayoshi Yoshino
正義 吉野
Hiroyuki Matsuyama
弘幸 松山
Yukitaka Nogami
幸隆 野上
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UMEDA JIMUSHO KK
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a feather powder which has a low water content useful for various applications and good color and odor and is refined; and to provide a method for advantageously industrially producing the feather powder having the properties. <P>SOLUTION: The feather powder is prepared by chemical pulverization of a poultry feather and has a specific composition, size distribution, a smell degree and whiteness. The method for producing the feather powder includes: (A) the step of alkalizing the poultry feather with an alkali chemical in a water-based medium under the conditions of a pH of 12.5-14.0 and a temperature of 30-60°C; (B) the step of performing oxidation treatment of an alkalized liquid including the feather obtained in the step (A) with an oxidizer under the conditions of a pH of 8.0-13.0 and a temperature 30-60°C; and (C) the step of neutralizing, solid-liquid separating, washing, and drying the oxidation treatment liquid provided in the step (B). <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2010,JPO&INPIT

Description

本発明は、家禽類の羽毛を化学的粉砕処理してなる、含水率が低く、かつ色や臭いの良い微細化された羽毛粉体、前記性状を有する羽毛粉体を工業的に有利に製造する方法、前記羽毛粉体からなる土壌改良材、および該土壌改良材を含み、ビルの屋上や高速道路の中央分離帯などの緑化に好適に用いることができる植物栽培土に関するものである。   INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY The present invention is an industrially advantageous production of a finely divided feather powder having a low water content, good color and odor, and a feather powder having the above properties, which is obtained by chemically pulverizing poultry feathers. The present invention relates to a soil improvement material comprising the feather powder, and a plant cultivation soil that includes the soil improvement material and can be suitably used for greening of a rooftop of a building, a central separation zone of an expressway, and the like.

わが国においては、食肉用ブロイラーから排出される羽毛は、乾燥重量で年間約4万トンに達しているが、その中の極く一部が家畜用の飼料や肥料などに利用されているだけで、その大部分が焼却や廃棄処分されているのが実状である。   In Japan, the feathers discharged from meat broilers reach about 40,000 tons per year in dry weight, but only a small part is used for livestock feed or fertilizer. In fact, most of them are incinerated or disposed of.

羽毛を構成している物質の一成分であるケラチンは、硬タンパク質の一種であり、水や有機溶媒に不溶で物理・化学的に安定であり、強度、撥水性、保湿性、耐候性などに優れている。   Keratin, a component of the material that makes up feathers, is a type of hard protein that is insoluble in water and organic solvents, physically and chemically stable, and has strength, water repellency, moisture retention, weather resistance, etc. Are better.

羽毛の利用技術として、これまで様々な方法が提案されているが、そのほとんどが、前記ケラチンタンパク質を可溶化、低分子化する方法に関するものである。   Various methods have been proposed so far for using feathers. Most of them relate to methods for solubilizing and reducing the molecular weight of the keratin protein.

羽毛の他の利用方法として、フェザーミールがあり、このフェザーミールは、羽毛の積極的な活用法として注目されていたが、その生産性が低い上に市場性も低いという問題がある。   As another method for using feathers, there is a feather meal. This feather meal has been attracting attention as an active method for using feathers, but has a problem that its productivity is low and marketability is low.

羽毛の利用技術として、例えば羽毛を弱アルカリ処理により低分子化することなく、微細化してなる羽毛微粉体の製造方法及び該微粉体を適宜の形状、構造に成形加工してなる羽毛微粉体の加工品が開示されている(例えば、特許文献1参照)。しかしながら、この技術における羽毛微粉体の製造方法は、微粉体のサイズが大きく、また灰分などが混入しており、かつ粉体乾燥に長時間を要するなど、生産性が悪いなどの問題があった。   As a technique for using feathers, for example, a method for producing fine feather powder obtained by reducing the molecular weight of a feather without weak molecular treatment by weak alkali treatment, and a fine feather powder obtained by molding the fine powder into an appropriate shape and structure A processed product is disclosed (for example, see Patent Document 1). However, the method for producing feather fine powder in this technology has problems such as poor productivity, such as the size of the fine powder is large, ash is mixed, and it takes a long time to dry the powder. .

さらには、羽毛微細粉末と繊維組成物を主成分とする調湿紙(例えば、特許文献2参照)、羽毛粉体を塗工したリサイクル可能な耐水段ボール(例えば、特許文献3参照)が開示されている。しかしながら、これらの技術においては、羽毛微細粉末や羽毛粉末として羽毛をアルコール系溶剤に浸漬し、石臼式回転磨砕及びボール粉砕を施した調製粉末が用いられており、したがって、この粉末の調製において生産性が劣るという問題があった。   Furthermore, humidity control paper (for example, see Patent Document 2) mainly composed of feather fine powder and a fiber composition, and a recyclable water-resistant cardboard (for example, see Patent Document 3) coated with feather powder are disclosed. ing. However, these techniques use prepared powders in which feathers are immersed in an alcoholic solvent as fine feather powder or feather powder, and then subjected to stone mill type rotary grinding and ball grinding. Therefore, in the preparation of this powder, There was a problem that productivity was inferior.

ところで、都心の気温が上昇するヒートアイランド現象の緩和や、断熱効果による省エネルギーを目的として、ビルの屋上の緑化が進められ、家屋の屋根についても緑化が検討されている。また、高速道路などの美観を保ち、運転者の疲労を癒すために、中央分離帯や路肩への植栽が進められている。しかし、路幅の制限を受けて路肩へ植栽する余地がなく、防音壁が剥き出しの状態で残されている箇所も多い。このような箇所で、防音壁そのものを緑化することができれば、美観を与え、反射光を減らし、吸音効果を発揮して、防音壁の性能を高めることができる。また、電柱や標識柱の側面には、柱の保護を目的として、小さい突起を有する金属板が巻き付けられている箇所が多いが、このような金属板も緑化することができれば、美観を高めることができる。   By the way, for the purpose of alleviating the heat island phenomenon in which the temperature in the city rises and saving energy by the heat insulation effect, greening of the roof of the building has been promoted, and greening of the roof of the house is also being studied. In addition, planting on median strips and road shoulders has been promoted in order to maintain the beauty of highways and relieve driver fatigue. However, there is no room for planting on the shoulder due to the limitation of the road width, and there are many places where the soundproof walls are left exposed. If the soundproof wall itself can be greened in such places, it is possible to enhance the performance of the soundproof wall by giving aesthetics, reducing reflected light, and exhibiting a sound absorbing effect. In addition, there are many places where metal plates with small protrusions are wound around the sides of utility poles and sign poles for the purpose of protecting the poles. If such metal plates can also be greened, the aesthetics will be enhanced. Can do.

しかし、ビル屋上や道路の中央分離帯などには頻繁に給水や施肥をすることは容易ではないので、植物の生長が不十分であったり、枯死したりしやすい。また、ビル屋上や道路の中央分離帯は、一般に風が強いので、土壌が流亡しやすい。このために、保水力と保肥力に優れ、軽量で植物がしっかりと根をはり、風により土壌が流亡することがなく、条件のよくない場所においても、手間をかけることなく植物を栽培することができる植物栽培土が求められていた。
特許第3705534号公報 特許第3870382号公報 特許第3026975号公報
However, it is not easy to supply water and fertilize frequently on the rooftops of buildings or on the median strips of roads, so plants are not sufficiently grown or are likely to die. In addition, the roof of buildings and the median strips of roads are generally windy, so soil is likely to be washed away. For this reason, it is excellent in water retention and fertilization, is light and plants are firmly rooted, the soil does not run away by the wind, and the plant is cultivated without trouble even in poor conditions There is a need for plant-growing soil that can be used.
Japanese Patent No. 3705534 Japanese Patent No. 3870382 Japanese Patent No. 3026975

本発明は、羽毛が有する軽量性、撥水性、吸水性、吸油性、金属吸着性、遮音性、断熱性などの性状を利用して、吸油材、遮音材、断熱材、土壌改良材、植物栽培土、金属吸着剤などとして有用な含水率が低く、かつ色や臭いの良い微細化された羽毛粉体、前記性状を有する羽毛粉体を工業的に有利に製造する方法、前記羽毛粉体からなる土壌改良材、および該土壌改良材を含み、ビルの屋上や高速道路の中央分離帯などの緑化に好適に用いることができる植物栽培土を提供することを目的とするものである。   The present invention utilizes properties such as lightness, water repellency, water absorption, oil absorption, metal adsorption, sound insulation, heat insulation, etc. possessed by feathers to provide an oil absorption material, a sound insulation material, a heat insulation material, a soil improvement material, a plant, Finely divided feather powder having a low water content and good color and odor useful as cultivated soil, metal adsorbent, etc., a method for industrially advantageously producing feather powder having the above properties, and the feather powder It is an object of the present invention to provide a soil improvement material comprising the above and a plant cultivation soil that includes the soil improvement material and can be suitably used for greening of a rooftop of a building, a central separation zone of an expressway, and the like.

本発明者らは、前記目的を達成するために鋭意研究を重ねた結果、原材料として家禽類の羽毛を用い、これに特定の工程を施すことにより、その目的に適合し得る羽毛粉体が得られることを見出し、この知見に基づいて本発明を完成するに至った。   As a result of intensive studies to achieve the above object, the present inventors have used feathers of poultry as a raw material and subjected to a specific process to obtain a feather powder suitable for the purpose. Based on this finding, the present invention has been completed.

すなわち、本発明は、
[1] 家禽類の羽毛を化学的粉砕処理してなり、かつ下記の性状を有することを特徴とする羽毛粉体。
(1)組成
脂質 : 0.5〜3質量%
蛋白質 : 85〜94質量%
炭水化物: 0〜2質量%
灰分 : 0.5〜3質量%
水分 : 5〜10質量%
(2)サイズ分布
4メッシュ残 : 5〜19質量%
4メッシュパス・16メッシュ残 : 50〜85質量%
16メッシュパス・26メッシュ残: 3〜15質量%
26メッシュパス・36メッシュ残: 3〜10質量%
36メッシュパス : 1〜5質量%
(3)臭度: 130〜150
(4)白色度: 70〜80
[2] (A)家禽類の羽毛を、水系媒体中にて、pH12.5〜14.0および温度30〜60℃の条件下に、アルカリ剤にてアルカリ処理する工程、(B)前記(A)工程で得られた羽毛を含むアルカリ処理液を、pH8.0〜13.0および温度30〜60℃の条件下に、酸化剤にて酸化処理する工程、および(C)前記(B)工程で得られた酸化処理液を、中和、固液分離、洗浄および乾燥処理する工程、を含むことを特徴とする羽毛粉体の製造方法、
[3] (A)工程におけるアルカリ処理および/または(B)工程における酸化処理を機械的粉砕処理下に行う上記[2]項に記載の羽毛粉体の製造方法、
[4] (A)工程で用いるアルカリ剤が、アルカリ金属の水酸化物である上記[2]または[3]項に記載の羽毛粉体の製造方法、
[5] (B)工程で用いる酸化剤が、過酸化水素、過塩素酸、過ギ酸および過酢酸の中から選ばれる少なくとも1種である上記[2]〜[4]項のいずれか1項に記載の羽毛粉体の製造方法、
[6] (A)工程における羽毛濃度が、乾燥羽毛基準で、水系媒体に対して2〜10質量%である上記[2]〜[5]項のいずれか1項に記載の羽毛粉体の製造方法、
[7] (B)工程と(C)工程との間に、機械的粉砕工程を設ける上記[2]〜[6]項のいずれか1項に記載の羽毛粉体の製造方法、
[8] (C)工程で得られた乾燥羽毛粉体の水分含有率が10質量%以下である上記[2]〜[7]項のいずれか1項に記載の羽毛粉体の製造方法、
[9] 家禽類が鶏である上記[2]〜[8]項のいずれか1項に記載の羽毛粉体の製造方法、
[10] 上記[1]項に記載の羽毛粉体、または上記[2]〜[9]項のいずれか1項に記載の方法により得られた羽毛粉体からなる土壌改良材、および
[11] 上記[10]項に記載の土壌改良材を含むことを特徴とする植物栽培土、
を提供するものである。
That is, the present invention
[1] A feather powder obtained by chemically pulverizing the feathers of poultry and having the following properties.
(1) Composition lipid: 0.5-3 mass%
Protein: 85-94 mass%
Carbohydrate: 0-2% by mass
Ash content: 0.5-3 mass%
Moisture: 5-10% by mass
(2) Size distribution 4 mesh remaining: 5 to 19% by mass
4 mesh pass, 16 mesh remaining: 50-85 mass%
16 mesh pass, 26 mesh balance: 3-15% by mass
26 mesh pass, 36 mesh balance: 3-10% by mass
36 mesh pass: 1-5% by mass
(3) Odor: 130-150
(4) Whiteness: 70-80
[2] (A) A step of subjecting the feathers of poultry to an alkali treatment with an alkaline agent in an aqueous medium under conditions of pH 12.5 to 14.0 and a temperature of 30 to 60 ° C. (B) A) a step of oxidizing the alkaline treatment liquid containing feathers obtained in the step with an oxidizing agent under conditions of pH 8.0 to 13.0 and a temperature of 30 to 60 ° C., and (C) the above (B) A process for producing feather powder, characterized by comprising a step of neutralizing, solid-liquid separation, washing and drying treatment of the oxidation treatment liquid obtained in the step,
[3] The method for producing feather powder according to the above [2], wherein the alkali treatment in the step (A) and / or the oxidation treatment in the step (B) is performed under mechanical pulverization.
[4] The method for producing feather powder according to the above [2] or [3], wherein the alkali agent used in step (A) is an alkali metal hydroxide,
[5] Any one of the items [2] to [4], wherein the oxidizing agent used in step (B) is at least one selected from hydrogen peroxide, perchloric acid, performic acid and peracetic acid. A method for producing the feather powder according to
[6] The feather powder according to any one of [2] to [5] above, wherein the feather concentration in step (A) is 2 to 10% by mass with respect to the aqueous medium on a dry feather basis. Production method,
[7] The method for producing feather powder according to any one of [2] to [6] above, wherein a mechanical pulverization step is provided between the step (B) and the step (C).
[8] The method for producing a feather powder according to any one of the above [2] to [7], wherein the dry feather powder obtained in the step (C) has a water content of 10% by mass or less.
[9] The method for producing feather powder according to any one of [2] to [8] above, wherein the poultry are chickens,
[10] A soil improvement material comprising the feather powder according to the above item [1] or the feather powder obtained by the method according to any one of the above items [2] to [9], and [11] ] Plant cultivation soil characterized by including the soil improvement material as described in said [10] term | claim,
Is to provide.

本発明によれば、羽毛が有する軽量性、撥水性、吸水性、吸油性、金属吸着性、遮音性、断熱性などの性状を利用して、吸油材、遮音材、断熱材、土壌改良材、植物栽培土、金属吸着剤などとして有用な含水率が低く、かつ色や臭いの良い微細化された羽毛粉体を提供することができる。   According to the present invention, utilizing properties such as lightness, water repellency, water absorption, oil absorption, metal adsorption, sound insulation, heat insulation, and the like possessed by feathers, an oil absorption material, a sound insulation material, a heat insulation material, and a soil improvement material Further, it is possible to provide a finely divided feather powder having a low water content and having a good color and odor, which is useful as a plant cultivation soil and a metal adsorbent.

さらに、前記性状を有する羽毛粉体を工業的に有利に製造する方法、前記羽毛粉体からなる土壌改良材、および該土壌改良材を含み、ビルの屋上や高速道路の中央分離帯などの緑化に好適に用いることができる植物栽培土を提供することができる。   Furthermore, a method for industrially advantageously producing feather powder having the above properties, a soil improvement material comprising the feather powder, and greening of a rooftop of a building, a central separation zone of a highway, etc. The plant cultivation soil which can be used suitably for can be provided.

まず、本発明の羽毛粉体について説明する。   First, the feather powder of the present invention will be described.

本発明の羽毛粉体は、家禽類の羽毛を化学的粉砕処理してなり、かつ下記の性状を有することを特徴とする。
[羽毛粉体の性状]
本発明の羽毛粉体は、
(1)組成
脂質 : 0.5〜3質量%
蛋白質 : 85〜94質量%
炭水化物: 0〜2質量%
灰分 : 0.5〜3質量%
水分 : 5〜10質量%
(2)サイズ分布
4メッシュ残 : 5〜19質量%
4メッシュパス・16メッシュ残 : 50〜85質量%
16メッシュパス・26メッシュ残: 3〜15質量%
26メッシュパス・36メッシュ残: 3〜10質量%
36メッシュパス : 1〜5質量%
(3)臭度: 130〜150
(4)白色度: 70〜80
前記(1)の組成の測定において、脂質はエーテル抽出法、蛋白質は窒素定量換算法により分析し、炭水化物は残量として求めた値であり、また、灰分は直接灰化法により求めた値である。
The feather powder of the present invention is obtained by chemically pulverizing poultry feathers and has the following properties.
[Properties of feather powder]
The feather powder of the present invention is
(1) Composition lipid: 0.5-3 mass%
Protein: 85-94 mass%
Carbohydrate: 0-2% by mass
Ash content: 0.5-3 mass%
Moisture: 5-10% by mass
(2) Size distribution 4 mesh remaining: 5 to 19% by mass
4 mesh pass, 16 mesh remaining: 50-85 mass%
16 mesh pass, 26 mesh balance: 3-15% by mass
26 mesh pass, 36 mesh balance: 3-10% by mass
36 mesh pass: 1-5% by mass
(3) Odor: 130-150
(4) Whiteness: 70-80
In the measurement of the composition of (1), the lipid was analyzed by the ether extraction method, the protein was analyzed by the nitrogen quantitative conversion method, the carbohydrate was the value obtained as the remaining amount, and the ash was the value obtained by the direct ashing method. is there.

水分については、試料約2gを秤量ビンに入れ、電子天秤で質量を測定し(Ag)、恒温乾燥器100℃で5時間乾燥させたのち、電子天秤で質量を測定し(Bg)、水分含有率を下記の式で算出した値である。
水分含有率(%)=[(A−B)/A]×100
さらに、サイズ分布については、水990mL中に試料10gを投入し、スターラーで30秒間攪拌したのち、標準篩を用いて篩い分けを行い、各サイズの質量割合(%)を求めた値である。なお標準篩い寸法:直径200mm×高さ45mm(JIS Z 8801)である。
About moisture, about 2g of a sample is put into a weighing bottle, the mass is measured with an electronic balance (Ag), dried at 100 ° C. for 5 hours, and then the mass is measured with an electronic balance (Bg). The rate is a value calculated by the following formula.
Moisture content (%) = [(A−B) / A] × 100
Furthermore, about size distribution, 10 g of samples are put into 990 mL of water, and after stirring for 30 seconds with a stirrer, sieving is performed using a standard sieve, and the mass ratio (%) of each size is obtained. Note that the standard sieve size is 200 mm in diameter and 45 mm in height (JIS Z 8801).

本発明の羽毛粉体においては、下記の方法で測定した臭度は、130〜150であり、また、下記の方法で測定した白色度は、70〜80である。
<臭度の測定方法>
羽毛粉体100gをチャック付きポリエチレン袋(410mm×280mm)に入れ、1時間後ポータブル型ニオイセンサー[コスモ電器社製、機種名「XP−329III」]で臭度を測定する。数値が小さいほど、臭いが少ない。
<白色度の測定方法>
坪量80g/m2を目標に、パルプ50質量%、羽毛粉体50質量%の配合でシートマシンにより手抄し、白色度を、白色度計[スガ試験機社製、機種名「JIS−P8212」]で測定する。数値が大きいほど、白色度が高い。
In the feather powder of the present invention, the odor measured by the following method is 130 to 150, and the whiteness measured by the following method is 70 to 80.
<Measurement method of odor>
100 g of feather powder is placed in a polyethylene bag with a chuck (410 mm × 280 mm), and after 1 hour, the odor is measured with a portable odor sensor [manufactured by Cosmo Electric, model name “XP-329III”]. The smaller the value, the less odor.
<Measurement method of whiteness>
Aiming for a basis weight of 80 g / m 2 , the paper was hand-made with a blend of 50% by weight of pulp and 50% by weight of feather powder, and the whiteness was measured by a whiteness meter [model name “JIS- P8212 "]. The higher the number, the higher the whiteness.

このような性状を有する本発明の羽毛粉体は、例えば以下に示す本発明の方法を採用することにより、工業的に有利に製造することができる。   The feather powder of the present invention having such properties can be advantageously produced industrially, for example, by employing the method of the present invention shown below.

本発明の羽毛粉体の製造方法(以下、単に製造方法と称することがある。)は、以下に示す(A)工程、(B)工程および(C)工程を含むことを特徴とする。   The method for producing feather powder of the present invention (hereinafter sometimes simply referred to as a production method) includes the following steps (A), (B) and (C).

[(A)工程]
本発明の製造方法における(A)工程は、家禽類の羽毛を、水系媒体中において、pH12.5〜14.0および温度30〜60℃の条件下に、アルカリ剤にてアルカリ処理し、微細化する工程(以下、アルカリ微細化工程と称することがある。)である。
[Step (A)]
The step (A) in the production method of the present invention comprises treating the feathers of poultry with an alkaline agent in an aqueous medium under conditions of pH 12.5 to 14.0 and a temperature of 30 to 60 ° C. (Hereinafter, sometimes referred to as an alkali refinement process).

本発明において、原材料として用いる家禽類の羽毛としては、食肉用ブロイラー、産卵鶏、アヒル、カモなどの羽毛が挙げられるが、大量入手が可能な工業的観点から、ブロイラーおよび産卵鶏の羽毛が好適である。   In the present invention, the feathers of poultry used as raw materials include feathers for meat broilers, laying hens, ducks, ducks, etc., but broilers and laying hen feathers are preferred from the industrial viewpoint of mass availability. It is.

この家禽類の羽毛は、水中で解離処理した羽毛を脱水してなる脱水ウエット羽毛を用いるのが好ましい。該脱水ウエット羽毛の水分含有率は、通常30〜50質量%程度である。   For the poultry feathers, it is preferable to use dehydrated wet feathers obtained by dewatering feathers that have been dissociated in water. The water content of the dehydrated wet feather is usually about 30 to 50% by mass.

当該(A)アルカリ微細化工程においては、前記の脱水ウエット羽毛を、水系媒体中にて、アルカリ剤によりアルカリ処理する。ここで、アルカリ剤としては、アルカリ金属の水酸化物が好ましく、具体的には水酸化ナトリウム、水酸化カリウム、水酸化リチウムなどの水酸化アルカリ金属を用いることができるが、これらの中で、工業的な面から、水酸化ナトリウムが好適である。   In the (A) alkali refinement step, the dehydrated wet feather is alkali-treated with an alkali agent in an aqueous medium. Here, the alkali agent is preferably an alkali metal hydroxide, specifically, an alkali metal hydroxide such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, or lithium hydroxide can be used. Among these, From an industrial aspect, sodium hydroxide is preferred.

水系媒体中でのアルカリ処理は、水酸化アルカリ金属水溶液を調製し、この水溶液中で、前記のウエット羽毛を、pH12.5〜14.0を維持しながら、30〜60℃の範囲の温度でアルカリ処理する。   The alkali treatment in an aqueous medium is carried out by preparing an aqueous alkali metal hydroxide solution, and maintaining the wet feathers at a temperature in the range of 30 to 60 ° C. while maintaining the pH of 12.5 to 14.0. Treat with alkali.

このアルカリ処理における羽毛濃度としては、処理効果および生産性の観点から、乾燥羽毛基準で、水系媒体に対して2〜10質量%であることが好ましく、3〜7質量%であることがより好ましい。   The feather concentration in the alkali treatment is preferably 2 to 10% by mass and more preferably 3 to 7% by mass with respect to the aqueous medium on the basis of dry feathers from the viewpoint of treatment effect and productivity. .

また、pHが12.5未満では、アルカリ処理による羽毛の微細化効果が充分に発揮されず、またpHが14.0を超えると羽毛が溶解する傾向があり、得率が低下する。好ましいpHは13.0〜14.0である。さらに処理温度は30〜60℃の範囲である。この温度が30℃未満ではアルカリ処理効果が充分に発揮されず、60℃を超えると羽毛が溶解する傾向がみられ、得率が低下する。好ましい処理温度は35〜55℃である。   Moreover, if pH is less than 12.5, the feather refinement | miniaturization effect by alkali treatment is not fully exhibited, and when pH exceeds 14.0, there exists a tendency for feathers to melt | dissolve and a yield will fall. A preferred pH is 13.0 to 14.0. Furthermore, processing temperature is the range of 30-60 degreeC. If this temperature is less than 30 ° C., the alkali treatment effect is not sufficiently exerted, and if it exceeds 60 ° C., there is a tendency for feathers to dissolve and the yield decreases. A preferred treatment temperature is 35 to 55 ° C.

なお、このアルカリ処理における水酸化アルカリ金属の濃度としては、水酸化アルカリ金属が水酸化ナトリウムの場合、通常1質量%前後であり、この濃度で前記範囲のpHを維持することができる。   The concentration of the alkali metal hydroxide in this alkali treatment is usually about 1% by mass when the alkali metal hydroxide is sodium hydroxide, and the pH in the above range can be maintained at this concentration.

この(A)アルカリ微細化工程におけるアルカリ処理時間としては、処理温度にもよるが、通常10〜20時間程度である。   The alkali treatment time in this (A) alkali refinement step is usually about 10 to 20 hours, although it depends on the treatment temperature.

このアルカリ処理は、微細化を促進させるために、反応容器として、攪拌機と底部にナイフミキサーを備えたものを用い、機械的粉砕処理を行うこともできる。   In order to promote the miniaturization, this alkali treatment can be performed by mechanical pulverization using a reactor equipped with a stirrer and a knife mixer at the bottom.

[(B)工程]
本発明の製造方法における(B)工程は、前記(A)工程で得られた羽毛を含むアルカリ処理液を、pH8.0〜13.0および温度30〜60℃の条件下で、酸化剤により酸化処理し、微細化する工程(以下、酸化微細化工程と称することがある。)である。
[Step (B)]
In step (B) in the production method of the present invention, the alkaline treatment liquid containing feathers obtained in step (A) is treated with an oxidizing agent under the conditions of pH 8.0 to 13.0 and temperature 30 to 60 ° C. This is a process of oxidizing and miniaturizing (hereinafter sometimes referred to as an oxidation micronization process).

当該(B)工程の酸化微細化工程において用いられる酸化剤としては、例えば過酸化水素、過塩素酸、過ギ酸および過酢酸などを挙げることができる。これらの酸化剤は1種を単独で用いてもよいし、2種以上を組み合わせて用いてもよいが、これらの中で、酸化剤としての作用効果、入手性、取り扱い性、経済性などのバランスの観点から、過酸化水素が好適である。   Examples of the oxidizing agent used in the oxidation refinement step of the step (B) include hydrogen peroxide, perchloric acid, performic acid, and peracetic acid. These oxidizing agents may be used singly or in combination of two or more. Among these oxidizing agents, the effects as an oxidizing agent, availability, handleability, economics, etc. From the viewpoint of balance, hydrogen peroxide is preferred.

当該(B)工程においては、前記(A)工程で得られたpH12.5〜14.0のアルカリ処理液を、pH8.0〜13.0の範囲で酸化剤により酸化処理する関係上、前記アルカリ処理液を、まず必要に応じ、硫酸などの酸を用いて中和し、pHを8.0〜13.0の範囲に調整してから、酸化処理を行う。酸化剤の使用量は、酸化剤が過酸化水素である場合、前記(A)工程で用いた羽毛の乾燥質量に対して、H22として1〜25質量%程度、好ましくは3〜20質量%である。過酸化水素の使用量を上記範囲とすることにより、羽毛の酸化微細化が効果的に行われる。 In the step (B), the alkaline treatment liquid having a pH of 12.5 to 14.0 obtained in the step (A) is oxidized with an oxidizing agent in the range of pH 8.0 to 13.0. The alkaline treatment liquid is first neutralized with an acid such as sulfuric acid as necessary to adjust the pH to a range of 8.0 to 13.0, and then an oxidation treatment is performed. When the oxidizing agent is hydrogen peroxide, the amount of the oxidizing agent used is about 1 to 25% by mass, preferably 3 to 20 as H 2 O 2 with respect to the dry weight of the feather used in the step (A). % By mass. By making the amount of hydrogen peroxide used within the above range, feathers can be effectively oxidized and refined.

この酸化処理を、前述したようにpH8.0〜13.0の範囲、好ましくは8.5〜13.0、より好ましくは9.0〜12.5の範囲で実施することにより、羽毛の酸化微細化を効果的に行うことができる。処理温度は30〜60℃、好ましくは35〜55℃である。処理時間は処理温度にもよるが、0.5〜3時間程度、好ましくは1〜2.5時間である。この酸化処理終了液のpHは、通常かなり低下し、7.0〜12.0程度となる。   By performing this oxidation treatment in the range of pH 8.0 to 13.0, preferably 8.5 to 13.0, more preferably 9.0 to 12.5 as described above, oxidation of feathers is performed. Miniaturization can be performed effectively. The treatment temperature is 30-60 ° C, preferably 35-55 ° C. The treatment time depends on the treatment temperature, but is about 0.5 to 3 hours, preferably 1 to 2.5 hours. The pH of this oxidation-terminated liquid is usually considerably reduced to about 7.0 to 12.0.

本発明においては、当該(B)酸化微細化工程を施すことにより、前記(A)アルカリ微細化工程のみの場合に比べて、羽毛はより細かい微細化物となり、羽軸の分解も起こる上、臭いや色も良くなる。   In the present invention, by performing the oxidation refinement step (B), the feather becomes a finer refined product compared to the case of only the alkali refinement step (A), and the wing shaft is decomposed and smells. And the color will be better.

この酸化処理は、微細化を促進させるために、反応容器として、攪拌機と底部にナイフミキサーを備えたものを用い、機械的粉砕処理を行うこともできる。   In this oxidation treatment, a mechanical pulverization treatment can be performed using a reactor equipped with a stirrer and a knife mixer at the bottom in order to promote miniaturization.

[(C)工程]
本発明の製造方法における(C)工程は、前記(B)工程で得られた酸化処理液を、中和、固液分離、洗浄および乾燥処理する工程である。
[Step (C)]
Step (C) in the production method of the present invention is a step of subjecting the oxidation treatment liquid obtained in step (B) to neutralization, solid-liquid separation, washing, and drying treatment.

本発明の製造方法においては、この(C)工程を実施する前に、前記(B)工程で得られた酸化処理液に残存している1〜3cm程度の羽軸を粉砕するために、所望により、該酸化処理液に機械的粉砕工程を施してもよい。例えば、(B)工程と(C)工程とを連結する配管中にラインミキサーを設置して、羽軸を粉砕する方法などを採用することができる。   In the production method of the present invention, before carrying out this step (C), it is desirable to pulverize about 1 to 3 cm of the wing shaft remaining in the oxidation treatment liquid obtained in the step (B). Thus, the oxidation treatment liquid may be subjected to a mechanical pulverization step. For example, a method of pulverizing the blade shaft by installing a line mixer in a pipe connecting the step (B) and the step (C) can be adopted.

当該(C)工程においては、前記(B)工程から、場合によりラインミキサーを通って送られてきた酸化処理液は、通常pHが7.0〜12.0程度の範囲にあるので、まず、該酸化処理液を、必要により硫酸などの酸により、pH7近辺まで中和する。次いで羽毛微細化物を固液分離したのち、充分に洗浄処理(水洗)する。固液分離手段としては、特に制限はなく、従来公知の回転遠心脱水機やフィルタープレスなどを用いて固液分離することができる。   In the step (C), the oxidation treatment liquid sent from the step (B) through a line mixer in some cases usually has a pH in the range of about 7.0 to 12.0. The oxidation treatment solution is neutralized with an acid such as sulfuric acid to a pH around 7, if necessary. Next, the feather refined product is separated into solid and liquid and then thoroughly washed (washed with water). The solid-liquid separation means is not particularly limited, and solid-liquid separation can be performed using a conventionally known rotary centrifugal dehydrator or a filter press.

このようにして固液分離された羽毛微細化物を乾燥処理する。乾燥処理手段に特に制限はなく、従来公知の各種乾燥機を用いることができるが、ドラムドライヤーの使用が、生産性の観点から有利である。   The feather refined product thus solid-liquid separated is dried. There is no particular limitation on the drying processing means, and various conventionally known dryers can be used, but the use of a drum dryer is advantageous from the viewpoint of productivity.

このようにして、水分含有率が、通常10質量%以下、好ましくは7質量%以下の羽毛粉体が、仕込み羽毛(乾燥物として)に対して、60質量%以上の得率で得ることができる。   In this way, feather powder having a moisture content of usually 10% by mass or less, preferably 7% by mass or less can be obtained with a yield of 60% by mass or more with respect to the charged feathers (as a dried product). it can.

本発明の羽毛粉体の製造方法によれば、羽毛のアルカリ微細化工程と酸化微細化工程を組み合せることにより、アルカリ微細化工程単独の場合に比べて、羽毛はより細かい微細化物となり、かつ臭いや色が良い上、乾燥羽毛粉体の含水率が、より低くなる。   According to the method for producing feather powder of the present invention, the feather becomes a finer refined product by combining the feather alkali refinement process and the oxidation refinement process, compared to the case of the alkali refinement process alone, and The odor and color are good, and the moisture content of the dried feather powder is lower.

本発明の方法で得られた乾燥羽毛粉体は、様々な用途、例えば断熱材、遮音材、吸油材、金属吸着剤、調湿材、防振材、土壌改良材などの材料として有用である。   The dried feather powder obtained by the method of the present invention is useful as a material for various uses, for example, a heat insulating material, a sound insulating material, an oil absorbing material, a metal adsorbent, a humidity control material, a vibration isolating material, a soil improvement material and the like. .

次に、本発明の土壌改良材およびそれを含む植物栽培土について説明する。
[土壌改良材]
本発明の土壌改良材は、前述した本発明の羽毛粉体または本発明の方法で得られた羽毛粉体からなることを特徴とする。
Next, the soil improvement material of the present invention and plant cultivation soil containing the same will be described.
[Soil improvement material]
The soil improving material of the present invention is characterized by comprising the feather powder of the present invention described above or the feather powder obtained by the method of the present invention.

当該羽毛粉体は、下記の特性を有することから、土壌改良材として有用である。
(1)みかけ比重が0.05〜0.08程度と極めて小さく、土壌に混入した場合、羽毛含有土壌は軽量となる。
(2)保水性に優れ、土壌に5〜10質量%程度加えることにより、水分保持量が30〜50質量%程度増加する。
(3)羽毛表面には油脂分が付着しているので、撥水性を有し、土壌に混入することにより、栽培植物に対する根腐れ防止作用を発揮する。
[植物栽培土]
本発明の植物栽培土は、前述した羽毛粉体からなる土壌改良材を含むことを特徴とする。
Since the feather powder has the following characteristics, it is useful as a soil conditioner.
(1) Apparent specific gravity is very small as about 0.05-0.08, and when mixed in soil, feather-containing soil becomes light.
(2) It has excellent water retention, and by adding about 5 to 10% by mass to the soil, the water retention increases by about 30 to 50% by mass.
(3) Since fats and oils are attached to the feather surface, it has water repellency and exerts an effect of preventing root rot against cultivated plants when mixed in soil.
[Plant cultivation soil]
The plant-cultivated soil of the present invention is characterized by including a soil improving material made of the above-described feather powder.

当該植物栽培土に用いる土壌に特に制限はなく、例えば砂土、砂壌土、壌土、埴壌土、埴土などを、それぞれ単独で、あるいは適宜混合して用いることができる。さらに、川砂、軽石砂、溶岩砂、鹿沼土、ピート(水苔)、バーミキュライト、腐葉土なども土壌として用いることができる。これらの土壌は、植栽する植物の種類に応じて適切なものを選択することが好ましい。   There is no restriction | limiting in particular in the soil used for the said plant cultivation soil, For example, a sand soil, a sand loam soil, a loam soil, a dredged soil, a dredged soil, etc. can be used individually or in mixture as appropriate. Furthermore, river sand, pumice sand, lava sand, Kanuma soil, peat (water moss), vermiculite, humus soil and the like can be used as soil. It is preferable to select an appropriate soil depending on the type of plant to be planted.

当該植物栽培土における羽毛粉体の含有量は、土壌100質量部に対して、保水性、土壌としての機能、羽毛粉体の混合性などの観点から、通常2〜20質量部程度、好ましくは5〜10質量部である。   The content of feather powder in the plant-cultivated soil is usually about 2 to 20 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of soil, from the viewpoints of water retention, function as soil, mixability of feather powder, and the like. 5 to 10 parts by mass.

本発明の植物栽培土は、保水力に優れ、軽量で植物がしっかりと根をはり、風による土壌の流亡を防止することができ、ビルの屋上や、高速道路の中央分離帯などの緑化に好適に用いることができる。   The plant-cultivated soil of the present invention is excellent in water retention, lightweight and planted firmly, can prevent soil runoff due to wind, and can be used for greening on the rooftops of buildings, central highway strips, etc. It can be used suitably.

また、本発明の植物栽培土は、特開2001−327219号公報記載のように、発泡ガラス片と併用することができる。   Moreover, the plant cultivation soil of this invention can be used together with a foamed glass piece like Unexamined-Japanese-Patent No. 2001-327219.

図1は、本発明の植物栽培土を用いた植栽の1例を示す概念図であって、本発明の植物栽培土と発泡ガラス片との併用系の場合である。   FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram showing an example of planting using the plant-cultivated soil of the present invention, and is a combined system of the plant-cultivated soil of the present invention and foam glass pieces.

底部に排水口1を有するプランター2に、発泡ガラス片3と植物栽培土4とが収容され、該栽培土4の層において植物5が植栽されている状態が示されている。   A state in which the foamed glass piece 3 and the plant cultivation soil 4 are accommodated in the planter 2 having the drain port 1 at the bottom and the plant 5 is planted in the layer of the cultivation soil 4 is shown.

図1で示すように、本発明の植物栽培土(以下、単に栽培土と称することがある。)と発泡ガラス片を併用する場合、発泡ガラス片が相互にほぼ接触し、発泡ガラス片の間隙に、発泡ガラス片の高さより低い厚さに栽培土が充填された状態であることが好ましい。発泡ガラス片が相互にほぼ接触していると、発泡ガラス片同士が支えあって、プランター中の発泡ガラス片の位置が安定する。また、発泡ガラス片の間隙に、発泡ガラス片の高さより低い厚さに栽培土を充填することにより、発泡ガラス片が有効な障壁となって、風などによる栽培土の流亡を防止することができる。栽培土層の厚さは、植栽する植物の種類により適宜選択することができ、例えば、栽培土層の厚さを発泡ガラス片の高さに近づけることができ、あるいは、植物によってはごく薄い栽培土層とすることもできる。   As shown in FIG. 1, when using together the plant cultivation soil of this invention (it may only be called cultivation soil below) and a foam glass piece, a foam glass piece will mutually contact substantially and the clearance gap between foam glass pieces. Furthermore, it is preferable that the cultivated soil is filled to a thickness lower than the height of the foam glass piece. When the glass foam pieces are almost in contact with each other, the glass foam pieces support each other, and the position of the glass foam pieces in the planter is stabilized. In addition, by filling the gap between the foam glass pieces with the cultivated soil to a thickness lower than the height of the foam glass pieces, the foam glass pieces can be an effective barrier and prevent the cultivated soil from flowing away due to wind or the like. it can. The thickness of the cultivated soil layer can be appropriately selected depending on the type of plant to be planted. For example, the thickness of the cultivated soil layer can be made close to the height of the foam glass piece, or it can be very thin depending on the plant. It can also be a cultivated soil layer.

発泡ガラス片の寸法としては、球体の場合、直径は通常10〜100mm程度、好ましくは30〜80mmである。また発泡ガラス片の密度は、破砕を防止し得る強度および軽量性のバランスの観点から、通常0.3〜1.2g/cm3程度、好ましくは0.4〜0.8g/cm3である。 As a dimension of a foam glass piece, in the case of a sphere, a diameter is about 10-100 mm normally, Preferably it is 30-80 mm. The density of the foam glass pieces is usually about 0.3 to 1.2 g / cm 3 , preferably 0.4 to 0.8 g / cm 3 , from the viewpoint of balance between strength and lightness capable of preventing crushing. .

栽培土層の厚さは、ビル屋上や道路の中央分離帯の緑化に用いられる植物を栽培する場合、10〜80mm程度である。   The thickness of the cultivated soil layer is about 10 to 80 mm when cultivating a plant used for greening the building rooftop or the median strip of the road.

ビル屋上を緑化する場合、植栽する植物として、多年草であること、多量の給水と施肥を必要としないこと、高温、低温、強風などの過酷な気象条件に耐えることなどの条件を満たす植物が好ましい。このような植物としては、例えば、ベンケイソウ科の植物などを挙げることができる。   When planting the roof of a building, the plant to be planted is a perennial plant, does not require a large amount of water supply and fertilization, and can withstand harsh weather conditions such as high temperature, low temperature, and strong wind. preferable. As such a plant, for example, a plant belonging to the family Aceraceae can be exemplified.

本発明の植物栽培土は保水力に優れ、また発泡ガラス片を併用する場合、該発泡ガラス片は吸水性を有することから、これらは降雨時には保水し、周囲の環境が乾燥してくると徐々に水分を放出する、したがって、日本国内の通常の気象の場合、年間を通じて給水する必要はない。   The plant-cultivated soil of the present invention is excellent in water retention, and when used in combination with foamed glass pieces, the foamed glass pieces have water absorbency, so that they retain water during rainfall and gradually when the surrounding environment becomes dry. In the case of normal weather in Japan, it is not necessary to supply water throughout the year.

本発明の植物栽培土および併用し得る発泡ガラス片は、いずれも比重が小さく軽量であるので、既設のビルに対しても、建築物への負荷の小さい状態で緑化することができる。また、発泡ガラス片が風に対する障壁となり、楔効果を発揮するので、強風が吹いても、土壌の流亡が抑制される。   Since the plant cultivated soil of the present invention and the foamed glass pieces that can be used in combination are both light and light in specific gravity, they can be greened even in existing buildings with a small load on the building. Moreover, since the foam glass piece becomes a barrier against wind and exerts a wedge effect, even if a strong wind blows, soil runoff is suppressed.

次に、本発明を実施例により、さらに詳細に説明するが、本発明は、これらの例によってなんら限定されるものではない。   EXAMPLES Next, although an Example demonstrates this invention further in detail, this invention is not limited at all by these examples.

なお、各例で得られた乾燥羽毛粉体の組成、臭度、白色度およびサイズ分布は、明細書本文に記載の方法に従って測定した。
実施例1
成鶏羽毛を水中に投入し、超音波洗浄装置により室温で10分間洗浄したのち、脱水処理物(脱水羽毛)を原材料として用いた。この脱水羽毛の水分含有率は約45質量%であった。
The composition, odor, whiteness, and size distribution of the dried feather powder obtained in each example were measured according to the methods described in the specification.
Example 1
Adult chicken feathers were put into water and washed with an ultrasonic washing apparatus at room temperature for 10 minutes, and then a dehydrated product (dehydrated feathers) was used as a raw material. The water content of the dehydrated feather was about 45% by mass.

底部にナイフミキサーを備えた攪拌機付き反応容器で、水1350kgと水酸化ナトリウム13.5kgを含むアルカリ水溶液を調製し、これに、上記脱水羽毛100kg(乾燥羽毛約55kg)を投入し、温度約50℃、pH13.4の条件でアルカリ処理を15時間行った。   An alkaline aqueous solution containing 1350 kg of water and 13.5 kg of sodium hydroxide is prepared in a reaction vessel equipped with a stirrer equipped with a knife mixer at the bottom, and 100 kg of the dehydrated feathers (about 55 kg of dried feathers) is added thereto, and the temperature is about 50 The alkali treatment was performed for 15 hours under the conditions of ° C and pH 13.4.

次いで、上記アルカリ処理液に、70質量%硫酸水溶液11.9Lを添加し、pHを12.5に調整したのち、35質量%過酸化水素水を20L添加し、温度約50℃で酸化処理を1.5時間行ったところ、pHは10.2に低下した。さらに、この酸化処理液に、70質量%硫酸水溶液2.3Lを添加して中和し、pHを7.1に調整した。中和後の酸化処理液のpHは7.1、温度は46℃であった。   Next, 11.9 L of 70% by mass sulfuric acid aqueous solution is added to the alkali treatment liquid, and after adjusting the pH to 12.5, 20 L of 35% by mass hydrogen peroxide water is added, and oxidation treatment is performed at a temperature of about 50 ° C. After 1.5 hours, the pH dropped to 10.2. Further, 2.3 L of 70% by mass sulfuric acid aqueous solution was added to the oxidation treatment solution to neutralize it, and the pH was adjusted to 7.1. The pH of the oxidation treatment solution after neutralization was 7.1 and the temperature was 46 ° C.

次いで、上記酸化処理液を、回転遠心脱水器により、脱水・水洗処理して脱水羽毛を得たのち、ドラムドライヤーにて、温度125℃で乾燥処理し、水分含有率4.6質量%の乾燥羽毛粉体37kgを得た。得率は、仕込み羽毛の乾燥質量基準で67%であった。   Next, the oxidation treatment liquid was dehydrated and washed with a rotary centrifugal dehydrator to obtain dehydrated feathers, and then dried with a drum dryer at a temperature of 125 ° C. to dry a moisture content of 4.6% by mass. 37 kg of feather powder was obtained. The yield was 67% based on the dry weight of the charged feathers.

処理条件及び諸特性を表1に、サイズ分布を表2に示す。
実施例2
低部にナイフミキサーを備えた攪拌機付き反応容器で、水1350kgと水酸化ナトリウム13.5kgを含むアルカリ水溶液を調製し、これに、実施例1で用いた脱水羽毛100kg(乾燥羽毛約55kg)を投入し、温度約50℃、pH13.2の条件でアルカリ処理を17.5時間行った。
Table 1 shows the processing conditions and characteristics, and Table 2 shows the size distribution.
Example 2
An alkaline aqueous solution containing 1350 kg of water and 13.5 kg of sodium hydroxide was prepared in a reaction vessel with a stirrer equipped with a knife mixer in the lower part. Then, alkali treatment was performed for 17.5 hours under conditions of a temperature of about 50 ° C. and a pH of 13.2.

次いで、上記アルカリ処理液に、70質量%硫酸水溶液14Lを添加し、pHを12.0に調整したのち、35質量%過酸化水素水を10L添加し、温度約50℃で酸化処理を1.5時間行ったところ、pHは10.0に低下した。   Next, 14 L of a 70% by mass sulfuric acid aqueous solution is added to the alkali treatment liquid to adjust the pH to 12.0, then 10 L of 35% by mass hydrogen peroxide water is added, and oxidation treatment is performed at a temperature of about 50 ° C. After 5 hours, the pH dropped to 10.0.

次に、この酸化処理液(温度44℃)を、配管中に設置したラインミキサーを通して脱水工程へ移送し、回転遠心脱水器により、脱水・水洗処理して脱水羽毛を得たのち、ドラムドライヤーにて、温度125℃で乾燥処理し、水分含有率6.5質量%の乾燥羽毛粉体30.9kgを得た。得率は、仕込み羽毛の乾燥質量基準で56%であった。   Next, this oxidation treatment liquid (temperature: 44 ° C.) is transferred to a dehydration process through a line mixer installed in the pipe, and dehydrated and washed with a rotary centrifugal dehydrator to obtain dehydrated feathers. And dried at a temperature of 125 ° C. to obtain 30.9 kg of dry feather powder having a water content of 6.5% by mass. The yield was 56% based on the dry weight of the charged feathers.

なお、前記実施例1では、得られた乾燥羽毛粉体中に、1〜2.4cmの羽軸の混入がかなり見られたが、本実施例では、ラインミキサーを通すことにより、2〜3mm程度の羽軸が一部残っているのみであった。   In Example 1, the dry feather powder obtained was considerably mixed with a feather shaft of 1 to 2.4 cm, but in this example, it was 2 to 3 mm by passing through a line mixer. Only a part of the wing shaft remained.

処理条件及び諸特性を表1に、サイズ分布を表2に示す。
比較例1
攪拌機付き反応容器で、水1350kgと水酸化ナトリウム13.5kgを含むアルカリ水溶液を調製し、これに、実施例1で用いた脱水羽毛100kg(乾燥羽毛約55kg)を投入し、温度約50℃、pH13.3の条件でアルカリ処理を15時間行った。
Table 1 shows the processing conditions and characteristics, and Table 2 shows the size distribution.
Comparative Example 1
An aqueous alkaline solution containing 1350 kg of water and 13.5 kg of sodium hydroxide was prepared in a reaction vessel equipped with a stirrer. The alkali treatment was performed for 15 hours under the condition of pH 13.3.

次に、上記アルカリ処理液に、70質量%硫酸水溶液15.1Lを添加して、pH7.2に中和処理した。次いでこの中和処理液(温度40℃)を回転遠心脱水器により、脱水・水洗処理して脱水羽毛を得たのち、ドラムドライヤーにて、温度125℃で乾燥処理し、水分含有率10.4質量%の乾燥羽毛粉体36.2kgを得た。得率は、仕込み羽毛の乾燥質量基準で66%であった。   Next, 15.1 L of 70 mass% sulfuric acid aqueous solution was added to the said alkali treatment liquid, and it neutralized to pH 7.2. Next, this neutralized solution (temperature: 40 ° C.) was dehydrated and washed with a rotary centrifugal dehydrator to obtain dehydrated feathers, and then dried with a drum dryer at a temperature of 125 ° C. to obtain a moisture content of 10.4. 36.2 kg of dry feather powder of mass% was obtained. The yield was 66% based on the dry weight of the charged feathers.

処理条件及び諸特性を表1に、サイズ分布を表2に示す。   Table 1 shows the processing conditions and characteristics, and Table 2 shows the size distribution.

表1から、アルカリ処理と酸化処理を組み合わせた実施例1および実施例2の羽毛粉体は、アルカリ処理のみである比較例1の羽毛粉体に比べて微細化されており、かつ臭度および白色度がよいことが分かる。
実施例3
土壌としての赤玉土(みかけ比重0.78、真比重1.38)194gと、実施例2で得た羽毛粉体(水分6.5質量%)19g(赤玉土に対して9.8質量%)とを混合して植物栽培土A(みかけ比重0.54)206gを製造した。
From Table 1, the feather powders of Example 1 and Example 2 in which the alkali treatment and the oxidation treatment were combined were refined as compared with the feather powder of Comparative Example 1 which was only subjected to the alkali treatment, and the odor and It turns out that whiteness is good.
Example 3
194 g of red jade earth (apparent specific gravity 0.78, true specific gravity 1.38) as soil and 19 g of feather powder (water content 6.5% by mass) obtained in Example 2 (9.8% by mass with respect to red jade soil) ) Was mixed to produce 206 g of plant cultivated soil A (apparent specific gravity 0.54).

この植物栽培土A146gに十分に通水したところ、288g(保水量142g)になった。なお、赤玉土206gに十分に通水したところ、280g(保水量74g)になった。   When sufficiently passed through 146 g of this plant-cultivated soil A, the amount became 288 g (water retention amount 142 g). In addition, when water sufficiently passed through 206 g of red crust, it became 280 g (water retention amount 74 g).

上記保水植物栽培土Aと保水赤玉土について、保水率の経時変化を調べた。その結果を表3に示す。   With respect to the water-retaining plant cultivation soil A and water-retaining red jade soil, changes in water retention with time were examined. The results are shown in Table 3.

なお、保水率は、[保水量/(植物栽培土量又は土壌量)]×100、により求めた値である。   The water retention rate is a value obtained by [water retention amount / (plant cultivation soil amount or soil amount)] × 100.

表3から、本発明の植物栽培土Aは、赤玉土のみのものに比べて、保水率がはるかに大きく、かつその経時変化が小さい。
実施例4
土壌として富士砂(みかけ比重1.18)334gと、実施例2で得た羽毛粉体(水分6.5質量%)18g(富士砂に対して5.4質量%)とを混合して植物栽培土B(みかけ比重0.74)352gを製造した。
From Table 3, the plant-cultivated soil A of the present invention has a much higher water retention rate and a smaller change with time than that of only red crust.
Example 4
334 g of Fuji sand (apparent specific gravity 1.18) as soil and 18 g of feather powder (water content 6.5% by mass) obtained in Example 2 (5.4% by mass with respect to Fuji sand) are mixed to produce a plant. Cultivated soil B (apparent specific gravity 0.74) 352 g was produced.

この植物栽培土B198gに十分に通水したところ、298g(保水量100g)になった。なお、富士砂269gに十分に通水したところ、330g(保水量61g)になった。   When sufficiently passed through 198 g of this plant-cultivated soil B, it became 298 g (water retention amount 100 g). In addition, when water sufficiently passed through 269 g of Fuji sand, it became 330 g (water retention amount 61 g).

上記植物栽培土Bと富士砂について、保水率の経時変化を調べた。その結果を表4に示す。   About the said plant cultivation soil B and Fuji sand, the time-dependent change of the water retention rate was investigated. The results are shown in Table 4.

表4から、本発明の植物栽培土Bは、富士砂のみのものに比べて、保水率がはるかに大きく、かつその経時変化が小さい。
実施例5
土壌として水苔(乾燥したものを水に4時間浸せきしたのち、常温で24時間放置したもの:みかけ比重0.43)187gと、実施例2で得た羽毛粉体(水分6.5質量%)18g(水苔に対して9.6質量%)とを混合して植物栽培土C(みかけ比重0.325)205gを製造した。
From Table 4, the plant-cultivated soil B of the present invention has a much higher water retention rate and a smaller change with time than that of only Fuji sand.
Example 5
Soil moss (dried water soaked in water for 4 hours, then left at room temperature for 24 hours: apparent specific gravity 0.43) 187 g and feather powder obtained in Example 2 (water content 6.5% by mass) ) 18 g (9.6% by mass with respect to moss) was mixed to produce 205 g of plant cultivated soil C (apparent specific gravity 0.325).

この植物栽培土C104gに十分に通水したところ、184g(保水量80g)になった。なお、水苔140gに十分に通水したところ、180g(保水量40g)になった。   When water sufficiently passed through 104 g of the plant-cultivated soil C, the amount became 184 g (water retention amount 80 g). In addition, when water sufficiently passed through 140 g of moss, it became 180 g (water retention amount 40 g).

上記植物栽培土Cと水苔について、保水率の経時変化を調べた。その結果を表5に示す。   With respect to the plant-cultivated soil C and moss, the water retention rate was examined over time. The results are shown in Table 5.

表5から、本発明の植物栽培土Cは、水苔のみのものに比べて、保水率がはるかに大きく、かつその経時変化が小さい。   From Table 5, the plant-cultivated soil C of the present invention has a much higher water retention rate and a smaller change with time than that of only moss.

本発明の羽毛粉体は、家禽類の羽毛を化学的粉砕処理により、微細化したものであって、含水率が低く、かつ色や臭いも良好であり、例えば断熱材、遮音材、吸油材、金属吸着剤、調湿材、防振材、土壌改良材などの材料として有用である。   The feather powder of the present invention is obtained by refining the feathers of poultry by chemical pulverization, has a low water content, and has a good color and odor. For example, a heat insulating material, a sound insulating material, and an oil absorbing material. It is useful as a material for metal adsorbents, humidity control materials, anti-vibration materials, and soil improvement materials.

本発明の植物栽培土を用いた植栽の1例を示す概念図である。It is a conceptual diagram which shows an example of planting using the plant cultivation soil of this invention.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

1 排水口
2 プランター
3 発泡ガラス片
4 植物栽培土
5 植物
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Drain outlet 2 Planter 3 Foamed glass piece 4 Plant cultivation soil 5 Plant

Claims (11)

家禽類の羽毛を化学的粉砕処理してなり、かつ下記の性状を有することを特徴とする羽毛粉体。
(1)組成
脂質 : 0.5〜3質量%
蛋白質 : 85〜94質量%
炭水化物: 0〜2質量%
灰分 : 0.5〜3質量%
水分 : 5〜10質量%
(2)サイズ分布
4メッシュ残 : 5〜19質量%
4メッシュパス・16メッシュ残 : 50〜85質量%
16メッシュパス・26メッシュ残: 3〜15質量%
26メッシュパス・36メッシュ残: 3〜10質量%
36メッシュパス : 1〜5質量%
(3)臭度: 130〜150
(4)白色度: 70〜80
A feather powder obtained by chemically crushing feathers of poultry and having the following properties.
(1) Composition lipid: 0.5-3 mass%
Protein: 85-94 mass%
Carbohydrate: 0-2% by mass
Ash content: 0.5-3 mass%
Moisture: 5-10% by mass
(2) Size distribution 4 mesh remaining: 5 to 19% by mass
4 mesh pass, 16 mesh remaining: 50-85 mass%
16 mesh pass, 26 mesh balance: 3-15% by mass
26 mesh pass, 36 mesh balance: 3-10% by mass
36 mesh pass: 1-5% by mass
(3) Odor: 130-150
(4) Whiteness: 70-80
(A)家禽類の羽毛を、水系媒体中にて、pH12.5〜14.0および温度30〜60℃の条件下に、アルカリ剤にてアルカリ処理する工程、(B)前記(A)工程で得られた羽毛を含むアルカリ処理液を、pH8.0〜13.0および温度30〜60℃の条件下に、酸化剤にて酸化処理する工程、および(C)前記(B)工程で得られた酸化処理液を、中和、固液分離、洗浄および乾燥処理する工程、を含むことを特徴とする羽毛粉体の製造方法。   (A) The process of alkali-treating the feathers of poultry with an alkaline agent in an aqueous medium under the conditions of pH 12.5 to 14.0 and temperature of 30 to 60 ° C., (B) the process (A) And (C) the step (B) obtained by subjecting the alkaline treatment liquid containing feathers obtained in step (b) to oxidation treatment with an oxidizing agent under conditions of pH 8.0 to 13.0 and a temperature of 30 to 60 ° C. And a step of neutralizing, solid-liquid separation, washing and drying of the obtained oxidation treatment liquid. (A)工程におけるアルカリ処理および/または(B)工程における酸化処理を機械的粉砕処理下に行う請求項2に記載の羽毛粉体の製造方法。   The method for producing feather powder according to claim 2, wherein the alkali treatment in the step (A) and / or the oxidation treatment in the step (B) is performed under mechanical pulverization treatment. (A)工程で用いるアルカリ剤が、アルカリ金属の水酸化物である請求項2または3に記載の羽毛粉体の製造方法。   The method for producing feather powder according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the alkali agent used in step (A) is an alkali metal hydroxide. (B)工程で用いる酸化剤が、過酸化水素、過塩素酸、過ギ酸および過酢酸の中から選ばれる少なくとも1種である請求項2〜4のいずれか1項に記載の羽毛粉体の製造方法。   The feather powder according to any one of claims 2 to 4, wherein the oxidizing agent used in the step (B) is at least one selected from hydrogen peroxide, perchloric acid, performic acid and peracetic acid. Production method. (A)工程における羽毛濃度が、乾燥羽毛基準で、水系媒体に対して2〜10質量%である請求項2〜5のいずれか1項に記載の羽毛粉体の製造方法。   The method for producing feather powder according to any one of claims 2 to 5, wherein the feather concentration in the step (A) is 2 to 10% by mass with respect to the aqueous medium on a dry feather basis. (B)工程と(C)工程との間に、機械的粉砕工程を設ける請求項2〜6のいずれか1項に記載の羽毛粉体の製造方法。   The method for producing feather powder according to any one of claims 2 to 6, wherein a mechanical pulverization step is provided between the step (B) and the step (C). (C)工程で得られた乾燥羽毛粉体の水分含有率が10質量%以下である請求項2〜7のいずれか1項に記載の羽毛粉体の製造方法。   The method for producing feather powder according to any one of claims 2 to 7, wherein the moisture content of the dried feather powder obtained in the step (C) is 10% by mass or less. 家禽類が鶏である請求項2〜8のいずれか1項に記載の羽毛粉体の製造方法。   The method for producing feather powder according to any one of claims 2 to 8, wherein the poultry are chickens. 請求項1に記載の羽毛粉体、または請求項2〜9のいずれか1項に記載の方法により得られた羽毛粉体からなる土壌改良材。   The soil improvement material which consists of the feather powder of Claim 1 or the feather powder obtained by the method of any one of Claims 2-9. 請求項10に記載の土壌改良材を含むことを特徴とする植物栽培土。   Plant cultivation soil characterized by including the soil improvement material of Claim 10.
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JP2010031436A (en) * 2008-07-02 2010-02-12 Umeda Jimusho:Kk Feather-containing sheet and feather-containing structure
PT107354A (en) * 2013-12-12 2015-06-12 Univ Trás Os Montes E Alto Douro AGGLOMERATED COMPOSITION OF FEATHERS AND / OR FEATHERS
CN111345267A (en) * 2020-04-08 2020-06-30 山东省农业科学院家禽研究所(山东省无特定病原鸡研究中心) Breeding method of hybrid line of special laying hens with feather color double-self-distinguishing male and female black-feather pink shells and high yield
JP7325873B1 (en) * 2022-12-27 2023-08-15 株式会社リファインバースグループ Production method and production system using keratin-containing powder, method for producing keratin-containing powder, and thermosetting compact

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