CN109105332B - Seed production method of high-yield cold-resistant chicken complete set line - Google Patents
Seed production method of high-yield cold-resistant chicken complete set line Download PDFInfo
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- CN109105332B CN109105332B CN201710514039.9A CN201710514039A CN109105332B CN 109105332 B CN109105332 B CN 109105332B CN 201710514039 A CN201710514039 A CN 201710514039A CN 109105332 B CN109105332 B CN 109105332B
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- 241000287828 Gallus gallus Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 210000003746 feather Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 235000013330 chicken meat Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 5
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 claims description 5
- 206010012735 Diarrhoea Diseases 0.000 claims description 4
- 208000028018 Lymphocytic leukaemia Diseases 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009396 hybridization Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 210000000582 semen Anatomy 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000037396 body weight Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 208000003747 lymphoid leukemia Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
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- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 2
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- 244000144977 poultry Species 0.000 abstract description 9
- 235000013594 poultry meat Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 235000013601 eggs Nutrition 0.000 description 20
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 description 2
- 244000144987 brood Species 0.000 description 2
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- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 2
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/02—Breeding vertebrates
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Abstract
The invention relates to a poultry breeding technology, and provides a seed production method of a high-yield cold-resistant chicken complete set line. The method utilizes the modern genetics and breeding principle, adopts the dam-grown chicken fast-feather cock as a terminal male parent, adopts the filial generation hen of the Luo island red slow-feather cock and the Luo island white hen as a female parent, and establishes a double-self-body system with the feather color of the male parent and the feather color of the commodity, so that the labor intensity is reduced, and the labor cost is saved. The commercial generation has the characteristics of high production performance, severe cold resistance, coarse feeding resistance, strong adaptability and the like, obviously reduces the heating cost of poultry houses in cold areas in winter, and greatly improves the production efficiency of ecologically stocking chickens in winter.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of breeding, and relates to a poultry breeding technology for breeding high-yield cold-resistant chickens.
Background
The excellent growth and production performance of poultry requires the synergistic effects of multiple aspects such as germplasm, nutrition level, environmental management, disease control and the like. In order to achieve the desired growth and production performance, maintain the desired laying rate and feed utilization, maintain normal egg weight and egg quality, the temperature of the feeding environment must be maintained within a certain temperature range. The optimal temperature for breeding the chicken poultry house is 18 ℃, and the lowest temperature is 10 ℃; the optimal temperature of the laying hen poultry house is controlled to be 18-27 ℃ and the minimum temperature is 8 ℃. In order to increase the temperature of the henhouse in winter, a heat source needs to be provided in combination with the henhouse. The heat source can be hot-blast stove, heating, electric heating brooding umbrella, ground kang, stove, etc. In high latitudes, the heating of poultry houses in winter needs to be particularly noticed, but the cost of environmental control of the poultry houses is undoubtedly increased. Meanwhile, for the ecological stocking mode, the cold environment in winter greatly restricts the breeding development of the free-range chickens.
The egg and meat dual-purpose chicken variety mainly for the eggs of the long tail chickens on the dam is named after being mainly distributed in the Shandong and Zhangjiakou dam areas in the north of Hebei, and is formed by long-term breeding under local natural and social conditions. The tail feather of the cock is black green, the neck feather, the shoulder feather and the saddle feather are red or golden yellow, other parts are black or mixed colors, and the feather of the whole body is also reed flower color; the feather color of hen can be divided into tinge, black, white and grass white, with more tinge, less grass white than black and white. The weight of the adult cock of the long tail chicken on the dam is more than 1.8kg, and the weight of the adult hen is more than 1.23 kg. The long-tail chickens on the dam are lively in temperament, flexible in action, strong in flying power, foraging power and natural enemy evasion capability, and have the characteristics of severe cold resistance, coarse feeding resistance, strong adaptability and the like.
Under the conditions of high altitude, low temperature and extensive free-ranging, about 180 chickens can lay eggs on the dam in the year, the production performance is lower than that of commercial varieties, and the production performance needs to be further improved by modern breeding technology. By hybridizing with other high-yield strains, heterosis is fully utilized, the characteristics of severe cold resistance, coarse feeding resistance and strong adaptability of the hybrid are maintained, the hybrid has excellent production performance, has great popularization and application values in cold regions, and can still maintain higher production efficiency under cold weather conditions particularly for an ecological stocking mode.
The mating line seed production of chicken is the main form of modern chicken breeding system and is characterized by specialization of variety and high production performance. Through the hybridization of different chicken strains and a fixed hybridization mode thereof, filial generations are produced in a large scale and are supplied to a consumption market after being raised as terminal products. The hybrid breeding mode of the complete set line can meet the requirement of the market on the diversity of chicken products, the modern genetic breeding theory and the advanced technology are widely applied, the heterosis is fully utilized, the growth and production performance of filial generation are far higher than the level of any standard variety, and the filial generation can be conveniently and efficiently bred, such as the sex differentiation of the filial generation.
The invention provides a seed production method of a high-yield cold-resistant chicken complete set line by taking the long-tail chickens on the dam as important breeding materials and combining the modern genetics principle and the breeding technology.
Disclosure of Invention
The method utilizes the long-tail chickens on the dam as terminal male parents and the hybrid generation hens of the Luo island red slow-feathering line cock and the Luo island white hen as female parents to breed the high-yield cold-resistant commercial generation hens.
The detailed steps comprise:
(one) selection of terminal male parent
The method selects the long-tail cock of local breed dam in China as the terminal male parent, and aims at identifying the male and female of commercial chicks according to the feather speed. In addition, the terminal male parent of the seed production mode can also adopt other cocks of varieties (lines) with the characteristics of cold resistance, strong adaptability and the like.
(II) construction of female parent
The Luo island red slow-feather cock and the Luo island white hen are hybridized, and offspring can be identified according to feather color. The red feather is the mother feather and the slow feather is the slow feather; the white feather is male and female. And eliminating the white feather male broods, and selecting the red feather female broods as the parent generation and the parent generation.
(III) commercial generation seed production
The long-tail cock on the terminal male parent dam and the red-feather slow-feather hen are hybridized to produce a commodity generation, and the hybridized offspring can be subjected to female self-identification according to the feather speed. The fast feather is female young, and the slow feather is male young. The slow-feather male chicks are eliminated, and the fast-feather female chicks are popularized and marketed as commodity-generation terminal products.
The invention has the characteristics and advantages that:
1. parent generation feather color is self-distinguished, commodity generation feather is self-distinguished, a double self-distinguished system is formed, labor intensity is reduced, and labor cost is saved;
2. the mature commercial hen has the characteristics of high laying rate, severe cold resistance, coarse feeding resistance, strong adaptability and the like, greatly reduces the heating cost of the poultry house, and can meet the requirement of a stocking mode in winter.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a combination of hybrid lines
Note: white feather is dominant to red feather and is indicated by capital letter S; the red feather is recessive and is indicated by the lower case letter s. Slow feather is dominant to fast feather and is indicated by capital letter K; fast feather is recessive and is denoted by the lower case letter k. The genotype chicks in the dotted line frame are culled individuals.
Detailed Description
The invention adopts the mode of matching and hybridizing the long-tail chicken on the dam, the Luo island red slow feather line and the Luo island white, fully utilizes the characteristics of cold resistance, strong adaptability and the like of the long-tail chicken on the dam and the high-yield characteristic of commercial varieties, and breeds the high-yield cold-resistant chicken. The specific implementation mode is as follows:
(I) Breeding of terminal male parent
The mating line seed production method has the male parent as the long-tail cock in the dam. When young, selecting fast-feather male young and eliminating slow-feather male young. The selection and purification in the variety are emphasized, the higher the purity in the variety is, the better the uniformity is, the larger non-additive effect can be generated during hybridization, and the heterosis is fully embodied. And performing systematic, comprehensive and accurate performance measurement, including characteristics such as birth weight, death rate in brooding period, age at the day of laying, weight of eggs at the beginning of laying, laying rate, egg weight, weight of eggs at 6 and 13 weeks, quality of eggs at 40 weeks, death and culling rate and the like. Individual selection is adopted for the heritability such as egg weight, body weight and the like, family selection is adopted for the reproductive traits such as laying rate, open-laying day age and the like, and the group with consistent appearance, good production performance and uniform egg weight and eggshell color is selected. Meanwhile, the selection of the growth speed and the feed utilization rate of the cock is strengthened. Breeding populations should be thoroughly purified of white diarrhea, lymphoid leukemia and mycoplasmosis so as not to affect the internal quality of breeding hens and commercial chickens. During breeding, the cock with moderate body type, good health and high semen quality is selected. In addition, the terminal male parent of the seed production mode can also adopt other cocks of varieties (lines) with the characteristics of cold resistance, strong adaptability and the like.
(II) seed selection of female parent
The parents of the commercial generation female parent of the mating line are Luo island red slow-feather cocks and Luo island white hens respectively. The breeding of the Luo island red slow-feather cocks mainly selects individuals and families with consistent weight, high laying rate and good semen quality, and purifies diseases (white diarrhea, lymphatic leukemia and mycoplasmosis should be thoroughly purified). The weight selection is based on the selection of the weights of individuals with the age of 6 weeks and the age of 13 weeks, and the individuals with the weights less than or more than the average weight by 2 standard deviations are eliminated, so that the uniformity of the population is ensured. The egg yield is based on the principle of family selection, and the key points are the age of the laying day and the characteristics of the egg yield in the whole period. In order to improve the accuracy of egg yield during seed selection, two-stage selection, namely a method combining 'selection first and then retention' and 'retention first and then selection' is adopted, so that one generation per year is ensured, and the selection accuracy can be greatly improved. In the invention, Luo island white hen feather can be feathered quickly or slowly. The breeding of the Luo island white hen is strictly recorded in growth and production performance, and the individual and family selection are combined. The key selection characters comprise egg weight, initial egg weight and egg quality, and the number of eggs should be ensured to a certain selection pressure. The total mortality rate was recorded and a strict disease decontamination (white diarrhea, lymphoid leukemia and mycoplasmosis should be thoroughly decontaminated) was performed.
(III) selection of female parent
Crossing Luo island red slow-feather cock with Luo island white hen, eliminating white feather cock, and selecting red feather cock. Selecting healthy young chicken, and eliminating diseased and weak young chicken. In order to ensure the uniformity of the population, the individual weight weighing is carried out at the age of 6 weeks and at the age of 13 weeks, and the individuals with the weight less than or higher than the average weight by 2 standard deviations are eliminated.
(IV) commercial production
Crossing the fast-feather cock with the red-feather slow-feather hen on the dam, eliminating the slow-feather cockling, and selecting the fast-feather cockling. Selecting healthy young chicken, and eliminating diseased and weak young chicken. Providing proper feeding environment and nutrition level, feeding the young chicks, replacing the feed in the growing period after 8 weeks of age, and eliminating the chickens with too small and too large weights or feeding the chickens separately in the later-prepared chicken feeding process. The commercial production performance is shown in Table 1. Therefore, the commercial hen generations produced by the matched seed production method have low death and culling rate, the egg yield is remarkably improved compared with that of the long-tailed hens on the dam, and the egg quality is good.
TABLE 1 commercial generation growth and production Properties
Claims (1)
1. A seed production method of a high-yield cold-resistant chicken complete set line is mainly characterized by relating to selected strains and complete set combination among the strains, and mainly technically characterized by comprising the following steps:
the ancestors of the complete set adopt Luo island red slow-feather cocks and Luo island white hens, and the offspring self-identify sexes through feather color;
the commercial generation feather of the mating line is self-identified, the male parent is a fast-feather cock of a long-tail chicken on a dam, and the female parent is a red-feather hen of a hybrid generation of a Luo island red slow-feather cock and a Luo island white hen;
a seed production mode for producing high-yield cold-resistant chickens by matching and hybridizing local chickens with cold resistance and strong adaptability with high-yield commercial varieties or high-yield commercial strains;
and (3) breeding of terminal male parents: the mating line seed production method has the terminal male parent of a long-tail cock on a dam; when young, selecting fast-feather male young, eliminating slow-feather male young, focusing on selection and purification in varieties, wherein the purity in the varieties is higher, the uniformity is better, a larger non-additive effect can be generated during hybridization, and the heterosis is fully embodied; performing systematic, comprehensive and accurate performance measurement, including birth weight, death rate in brooding period, open-laying day age, open-laying egg weight, laying rate, egg weight, 6-week-old and 13-week-old body weights, 40-week-old egg quality and death rate, adopting individual selection for the egg weight and the body weight, adopting family selection for the laying rate and the open-laying day age, and selecting groups with consistent appearance, good production performance and uniform egg weight and eggshell color; meanwhile, the selection of the growth speed and the feed utilization rate of the cocks is enhanced; breeding populations should thoroughly purify white diarrhea, lymphoid leukemia and mycoplasmosis so as to avoid affecting the internal quality of breeding hens and commercial chickens; selecting cock with moderate body type, good taste and high semen quality;
and (3) breeding female parent: parents of the commercial substitute female parent of the mating system are respectively a Luo island red slow-feather cock and a Luo island white hen; the breeding of the Luo island red slow-feather cocks mainly selects individuals and families with consistent weight, high laying rate and good semen quality, purifies diseases, selects the weight based on the selection of the individual weights of 6-week old and 13-week old, eliminates the individuals with the weight less than or higher than the average weight by 2 standard deviations, ensures the uniformity of the groups, ensures the egg yield based on the principle of family selection, and is mainly characterized by the characters of the day of production and the egg yield of the whole period; in order to improve the accuracy of egg yield during seed selection, two-stage selection is adopted, namely a method combining 'selection first and then retention' and 'retention first and then selection' is adopted, one generation per year is ensured, and the selection accuracy can be greatly improved; luo island white hen feather can be fast feather and slow feather; the breeding of the Luo island white hens is strictly recorded in growth and production performance, the individual and family selection are combined, the key selection characters comprise egg weight, initial egg weight and egg quality, meanwhile, the egg number also needs to ensure certain selection pressure, the death and culling rate in the whole period is recorded, and the strict disease purification is carried out.
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| CN112772553B (en) * | 2020-12-31 | 2022-12-20 | 吉林康安兔业有限公司 | Method for cultivating cold-resistant rabbits |
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