CN114698604A - Breeding method for resisting hunger and nutrition stress of tussah larva - Google Patents
Breeding method for resisting hunger and nutrition stress of tussah larva Download PDFInfo
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- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
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- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/033—Rearing or breeding invertebrates; New breeds of invertebrates
- A01K67/04—Silkworms
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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- Breeding Of Plants And Reproduction By Means Of Culturing (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of tussah breeding, in particular to a starvation-resistant and nutrition stress-resistant tussah larva breeding method, which comprises the following steps of 1: parent screening, step 2: parent combination, step 3, hybridization and breeding. The invention obtains a new variety of tussah with stronger adaptability to poor tussah gardens through starvation resistance and nutrition stress identification verification and pure comparison tests, the variety has better adaptability and hunger resistance to tussah gardens with hard tussah leaves, the comprehensive production performance reaches the level of producing practical varieties, the phenomena of hard tussah leaves and early autumn tussah drying caused by tussah garden soil deterioration in tussah production are solved, and the problems of high tussah larva loss rate and frequent softening disease are reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of tussah breeding, in particular to a breeding method for tussah larvae resistant to hunger and nutritional stress.
Background
The tussah belongs to the lepidoptera order bombyx mori family, originates from China, is a specific silk secreting insect with high economic value in China, has cocoon yield accounting for more than 90% of the total world amount, becomes an important component in agricultural production in key silkworm areas, and is also a main economic source for farmers in partial mountainous areas.
The tussah is bred in a wild tussah garden and is greatly influenced by non-biological factors (low-temperature cold damage, strong wind, rainstorm, high temperature, drought, solarization, nutrition, hunger, pesticide pollution and the like) and biological factors (viruses, bacteria and the like), especially in recent years, the soil fertility of the tussah garden is reduced, the phenomena of hard tussah leaves and early drying of autumn tussah trees are frequent, the loss rate of the tussah is high, the softening disease of strong silkworms frequently occurs, and the yield of tussah cocoons in our province is seriously influenced.
The famine is one of the adverse factors of animal growth, and can affect the growth and development, metabolism, tissue structure, nutrition, physiological and biochemical, enzymatic activity, immunological competence, disease-preventing ability, reproduction habit, survival and the like of an organism, the tussah is an economic insect for spinning and cocooning, in the whole generation, nutrient substances are obtained by only taking tussah leaves to be fed in a larval stage to be required by the growth and development and life activities of the tussah body, the existing research shows that the energy stored in the organism can be utilized to maintain the life activities when the tussah is famine, so that the normal metabolic activities in the tussah body and the consumption of endogenous stored substances are influenced, the more the famine time is, the more the consumed physical energy is, the more the physical quality is reduced, the growth and development and the main economic character achievement of the tussah are directly influenced, and the factors such as the food demand, the feeding density and the quality of the famine leaves are caused, and the tussah faces the stress and the nutritional stress in the life cycle of the tussah, the hunger and malnutrition can bring a plurality of adverse effects to the tussah, including the reduction of autoimmunity, the reduction of vitality and disease resistance, the slowing of metabolism, the obstruction of growth, the challenge of individual survival, the influence of cocoon yield, cocoon quality, egg yield, silkworm egg quality and the like, therefore, the research of the hunger resistance and nutrition stress resistance of the tussah has important significance for breeding stress-resistant tussah varieties with strong adaptability,
after the silkworms are stressed by hunger, the protein content in the haemolymph is reduced, the DNA synthesis in the silk glands is inhibited, and further the silk spinning amount is reduced, so that the economic character cocoon layer rate of the silkworms is reduced; the silkworm is starved for 12 hours, and the concentration of the trehalose in the haemolymph is increased and then reduced; under the induction of forkhead box transcription factor O subfamily (FoxO), starvation can promote programmed cell death of silkworm silk gland.
However, no related technology for breeding tussah varieties with hunger stress and nutrition stress exists in the field. Therefore, the technical personnel in the field provide a breeding method for resisting hunger and nutrition stress of tussah silkworm larvae so as to solve the problems in the background technology.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a tussah larva starvation-resistant and nutrition stress-resistant breeding method, which aims to solve the problems in the background technology.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a tussah larva starvation-resistant and nutrition-stress-resistant breeding method comprises the following steps:
step 1, parent screening: collecting 12 single moths of each characterized tussah variety for seed production, breeding 10 single moths of each variety, investigating egg laying amount, practical hatching rate, ant collecting and cocooning rate, morbidity, thousand cocoon weight and kilogram egg cocoon collecting amount, performing principal component analysis by using DPS data processing software, calculating comprehensive scores of comprehensive production performance of each variety, sequencing the comprehensive production performance, and screening the tussah variety with excellent economic character and life character;
step 2, parent assembly: selecting high-quality, high-yield and high-feed conversion efficiency tussah variety Liaoworm 582 as female parent, selecting high-disease-resistance tussah variety male parent, and making hybridization combination to obtain F1Generation;
step 3, hybridization and breeding: f1Carrying out field termite gathering on the basis of optimizing the egg laying amount and practical hatching rate per day, identifying hybrid seeds in the strong silkworm period, removing moth areas with mixed body colors and uneven development, removing false and true silks, mixing and harvesting true hybrid seeds and nest cocoons, and screening F with excellent cocoon quality and consistent cocoon color1Individual seed reserving and selfing to obtain F2Generation;
method for F adopting hunger stress and nutrition stress2Breeding generations, identifying yield characters, vitality characters and cocoon quality characters after cocoons are collected, and selecting excellent moth areas and individuals for subculture;
F3-F7generation and repetition F2A generation step, finally forming the tussah strain with stable characters;
F8-F9carrying out hunger resistance and nutrition stress identification on the generations;
F8-F13and carrying out comparison test and propagation test on the pure variety cells of 6 generations in 3 years to finally obtain the new tussah variety with strong stress resistance and disease resistance, high quality and high yield.
As a further aspect of the invention: in the step 1, the single moth breeding and stocking adopts the current practical variety of tussah in tussah production.
As a further aspect of the invention: in the step 2, tussah varieties required by hybrid seeds are prepared, a male parent and a female parent are selected from the varieties with high comprehensive scores, and a moth area with high cocoon yield, low morbidity and high excellent cocoon rate in a single area is selected from the female parent and the male parent as the hybrid seeds.
As a further scheme of the invention: f2The specific method for breeding the hunger-substituted coerce and the nutrition coerce is as follows:
in the young silkworm period: selecting 40 moth areas with high egg yield, multiple and fast egg laying and high practical hatchability for stocking, putting oak leaves dried in the shade in an ant collecting bag before hatching, preventing hatched young silkworms from scratching each other and infecting during hungry, taking out unhatched tussah eggs in the afternoon of the day when the tussah eggs are hatched, eliminating and counting hatched young silkworms after hatching for 36 hours at normal temperature, normally collecting the ants for stocking on 3-5 year old oak trees, recording the number of survival individuals of each moth area when the hatched silkworms are moved to two places after nutrition stress, and selecting the moth areas with high survival rate and uniform development for subculture;
a strong silkworm period: removing moth areas with more variegated silkworms and weak small silkworms, and carrying out individual selection;
cocoon stage: and identifying the yield character, the vitality character and the cocoon quality character after cocoon harvesting, and selecting an excellent moth area and an individual for subculture.
As a further aspect of the invention: f8-F9The method for identifying hunger resistance and nutrition stress of generations comprises the following steps:
s1: selecting two lines, namely breeding by adopting starvation resistance and nutrition stress and breeding without adopting starvation resistance and nutrition stress;
s2: selecting 20 high-quality moth seeds from each line, after laying eggs for one day and night, selecting moth regions with more and fast egg laying and high yield to mix the moth seeds and the eggs, repeating each line for 5 times, repeating each time for 4g of egg amount, after hatching, hungry for 36 hours, harvesting and breeding the oak trees grown in 3-5 years, investigating the survival rate when the oak trees are moved into two places, investigating the disease incidence, the weight of thousand cocoons and the cocoon harvesting amount of kilogram eggs after cocoon harvesting.
As a further aspect of the invention: the specific method of the cell comparison test is as follows: each variety is bred in 16 repeat areas, and after harvesting, the egg laying amount of each moth, the practical hatching rate, the termite-receiving and cocooning rate, the morbidity, the weight of thousand cocoons and the cocoon-receiving amount of kilogram eggs are investigated.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: in the invention from F2The artificial selection of hunger stress and nutrition stress is carried out on young silkworms in a larval stage in the generation, and 6 generations of continuous pressure is applied, so that the problems of high tussah larva loss rate and frequent softening disease caused by the phenomena of tussah leaf hardening and early autumn tussah tree baking caused by tussah garden soil deterioration in tussah production are solved, individuals with weak vitality are naturally eliminated only by depending on the force of natural selection in the traditional variety breeding process, and even the young silkworms are artificially protected in the silkworm stage, so that the bred varieties have poor adverse resistance and disease resistance, and the requirements of tussah production cannot be met;
the selection method of artificial selection in the young silkworm period, natural selection as assistance and organic combination in the strong silkworm period is adopted, so that the method has the advantages of strong pertinence, good effect and high efficiency, and can greatly shorten the breeding period;
the artificial selection is carried out in the young silkworm period, so that the environmental error (the tussah is bred in the field, is greatly influenced by environmental conditions, the longer the survival time is, the larger the difference between a moth area and an individual caused by environmental inconsistency) can be greatly reduced, and the accuracy of the selection is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a breeding technical route of a breeding method of a new variety of tussah.
Detailed Description
In the embodiment of the invention, the tussah larva starvation-resistant and nutrition stress-resistant breeding method comprises the following steps:
step 1, parent screening: collecting 12 single moths of each characterized tussah variety for seed production, breeding 10 single moths of each variety, investigating egg laying amount, practical hatching rate, ant collecting and cocooning rate, morbidity, thousand cocoon weight and kilogram egg cocoon collecting amount, performing principal component analysis by using DPS data processing software, calculating comprehensive scores of comprehensive production performance of each variety, sequencing the comprehensive production performance, and screening the tussah variety with excellent economic character and life character;
step 2, parent assembly: selecting high-quality, high-yield and high-feed conversion efficiency tussah variety Liaoworm 582 as female parent, selecting high-disease-resistance tussah variety male parent, and making hybridization combination to obtain F1Generation;
step 3, hybridization and breeding: f1Carrying out field termite gathering on the basis of optimizing the egg laying amount and practical hatching rate per day, identifying hybrid seeds in the strong silkworm period, removing moth areas with mixed body colors and uneven development, removing false and true silks, mixing and harvesting true hybrid seeds and nest cocoons, and screening F with excellent cocoon quality and consistent cocoon color1Individual seed reserving and selfing to obtain F2Generation;
method for F adopting hunger stress and nutrition stress2Breeding generations, identifying yield characters, vitality characters and cocoon quality characters after cocoons are collected, and selecting excellent moth areas and individuals for subculture;
F3-F7generation and repetition F2A generation step, finally forming the tussah strain with stable characters;
F8-F9carrying out hunger resistance and nutrition stress identification on the generations;
F8-F13comparing and propagating pure breed cells of 3 years and 6 generations in generation, and finallyThe new tussah variety with strong stress resistance and disease resistance, high quality and high yield is obtained.
Further, the single moth seed production and stocking in the step 1 adopt the current practical tussah variety in tussah production.
Further, the tussah variety required by the hybrid is prepared in the step 2, a male parent and a female parent are selected from the varieties with high comprehensive scores, and a moth area with high cocoon yield, low morbidity and high excellent cocoon rate in a single area is selected from the female parent and the male parent to serve as the hybrid.
Further, F2The specific method for breeding the hunger-substituted coerce and the nutrition coerce is as follows:
in the young silkworm period: selecting 40 moth areas with high egg yield, multiple and fast egg laying and high practical hatchability for stocking, putting oak leaves dried in the shade in an ant collecting bag before hatching, preventing hatched young silkworms from scratching each other and infecting during hungry, taking out unhatched tussah eggs in the afternoon of the day when the tussah eggs are hatched, eliminating and counting hatched young silkworms after hatching for 36 hours at normal temperature, normally collecting the ants for stocking on 3-5 year old oak trees, recording the number of survival individuals of each moth area when the hatched silkworms are moved to two places after nutrition stress, and selecting the moth areas with high survival rate and uniform development for subculture;
a strong silkworm period: removing moth areas with more variegated silkworms and weak small silkworms, and carrying out individual selection;
cocoon stage: and identifying the yield character, the vitality character and the cocoon quality character after cocoon harvesting, and selecting an excellent moth area and an individual for subculture.
Further, F8-F9The method for identifying hunger resistance and nutrition stress of generations comprises the following steps:
s1: selecting two lines, namely breeding by adopting starvation resistance and nutrition stress and breeding without adopting starvation resistance and nutrition stress;
s2: selecting 20 high-quality moth seeds from each line, after laying eggs for one day and night, selecting moth regions with more and fast egg laying and high yield to mix the moth seeds and the eggs, repeating each line for 5 times, repeating each time for 4g of egg amount, after hatching, hungry for 36 hours, harvesting and breeding the oak trees grown in 3-5 years, investigating the survival rate when the oak trees are moved into two places, investigating the disease incidence, the weight of thousand cocoons and the cocoon harvesting amount of kilogram eggs after cocoon harvesting.
Further, the specific method of the cell comparison test is as follows: each variety is bred in 16 repeat areas, and after harvesting, the egg laying amount of each moth, the practical hatching rate, the termite-receiving and cocooning rate, the morbidity, the weight of thousand cocoons and the cocoon-receiving amount of kilogram eggs are investigated.
In summary, the following steps: hybridizing by using high-quality high-yield high-feed-efficiency tussah variety Liaoworm 582 as female parent and using high-disease-resistance tussah variety anti-Daoho as male parent to obtain F1Generation, next generation using F1Selfing to generate F2And generation, individual selection is carried out on the separated colony, after the newly hatched silkworms in spring and autumn are subjected to hunger for 36 hours under the condition of normal temperature, then, 3-5-year-old oak trees are selected to carry out nutrition stress on the newly hatched silkworms, moth areas and individual subcultures with high survival rate and uniform growth speed are selected when the newly hatched silkworms are transplanted into two fields, moth areas with high larva life rate and heavy thousand cocoons are selected for seed subculture after cocoons are picked, F3-F7Generation and repetition F2The breeding process is carried out by selfing, homozygosis and systematic selection for more than 6 generations to form strain, identifying and verifying by hunger resistance and nutrition stress and comparing with pure strain to obtain new variety of tussah with stronger adaptability to poor tussah garden, which has better adaptability and hunger resistance to tussah garden with hard tussah leaf quality, and the comprehensive production performance reaches production practical variety level, thereby solving the problems of high tussah larva loss rate and frequent softening disease caused by tussah soil deterioration in tussah production.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention are equivalent to or changed within the technical scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A tussah larva starvation-resistant and nutrition-stress-resistant breeding method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1, parent screening: collecting 12 single moths of each characterized tussah variety for seed production, breeding 10 single moths of each variety, investigating egg laying amount, practical hatching rate, ant collecting and cocooning rate, morbidity, thousand cocoon weight and kilogram egg cocoon collecting amount, performing principal component analysis by using DPS data processing software, calculating comprehensive scores of comprehensive production performance of each variety, sequencing the comprehensive production performance, and screening the tussah variety with excellent economic character and life character;
step 2, parent assembly: selecting high-quality, high-yield and high-feed conversion efficiency tussah variety Liaoworm 582 as female parent, selecting high-disease-resistance tussah variety male parent, and making hybridization combination to obtain F1Generation;
step 3, hybridization and breeding: f1Carrying out field termite gathering on the basis of optimizing the egg laying amount and practical hatching rate per day, identifying hybrid seeds in the strong silkworm period, removing moth areas with mixed body colors and uneven development, removing false and true silks, mixing and harvesting true hybrid seeds and nest cocoons, and screening F with excellent cocoon quality and consistent cocoon color1Individual seed reserving and selfing to obtain F2Generation;
method for F adopting hunger stress and nutrition stress2Breeding generations, identifying yield characters, vitality characters and cocoon quality characters after cocoons are collected, and selecting excellent moth areas and individuals for subculture;
F3-F7generation and repetition F2A generation step, finally forming the tussah strain with stable characters;
F8-F9carrying out hunger resistance and nutrition stress identification on the generations;
F8-F13and carrying out comparison test and propagation test on the pure variety cells of 6 generations in 3 years to finally obtain the new tussah variety with strong stress resistance and disease resistance, high quality and high yield.
2. The tussah larva starvation-resistant and nutrition stress-resistant breeding method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the current practical tussah variety in tussah production is adopted for breeding and stocking of single moths in the step 1.
3. The tussah larva starvation-resistant and nutrition stress breeding method as claimed in claim 1, wherein tussah silkworm varieties required by the hybrid species are prepared in the step 2, a male parent is selected from the varieties with high comprehensive scores, and a moth region with high cocoon yield, low morbidity and high excellent cocoon rate in a single region is selected from the female parent and the male parent as the hybrid species.
4. The tussah larva starvation-resistant and nutrition stress-resistant breeding method as claimed in claim 1, wherein F is2The specific method for breeding the hunger-substituted coerce and the nutrition coerce is as follows:
in the young silkworm period: selecting 40 moth areas with high egg yield, multiple and fast egg laying and high practical hatchability for stocking, putting oak leaves dried in the shade in an ant collecting bag before hatching, preventing hatched young silkworms from scratching each other and infecting during hungry, taking out unhatched tussah eggs in the afternoon of the day when the tussah eggs are hatched, eliminating and counting hatched young silkworms after hatching for 36 hours at normal temperature, normally collecting the ants for stocking on 3-5 year old oak trees, recording the number of survival individuals of each moth area when the hatched silkworms are moved to two places after nutrition stress, and selecting the moth areas with high survival rate and uniform development for subculture;
a strong silkworm period: removing moth areas with more variegated silkworms and weak small silkworms, and carrying out individual selection;
cocoon stage: and identifying the yield character, the vitality character and the cocoon quality character after cocoon harvesting, and selecting an excellent moth area and an individual for subculture.
5. The tussah larva starvation-resistant and nutrition stress-resistant breeding method as claimed in claim 1, wherein F is8-F9The method for identifying hunger resistance and nutrition stress of generations comprises the following steps:
s1: selecting two lines, namely breeding by adopting starvation resistance and nutrition stress and breeding without adopting starvation resistance and nutrition stress;
s2: selecting 20 high-quality moth seeds from each line, after laying eggs for one day and night, selecting moth regions with more and fast egg laying and high yield to mix the moth seeds and the eggs, repeating each line for 5 times, repeating each time for 4g of egg amount, after hatching, hungry for 36 hours, harvesting and breeding the oak trees grown in 3-5 years, investigating the survival rate when the oak trees are moved into two places, investigating the disease incidence, the weight of thousand cocoons and the cocoon harvesting amount of kilogram eggs after cocoon harvesting.
6. The tussah larva starvation-resistant and nutrition stress breeding method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the specific method of the cell comparison test is as follows: each variety is bred in 16 repeat areas, and after harvesting, the egg laying amount of each moth, the practical hatching rate, the termite-receiving and cocooning rate, the morbidity, the weight of thousand cocoons and the cocoon-receiving amount of kilogram eggs are investigated.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN116671499A (en) * | 2023-06-28 | 2023-09-01 | 吉林省蚕业科学研究院(吉林省农特产品研究院、吉林省北冬虫夏草研究中心) | Tussah comprehensive hybrid seed creation method |
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| CN107821342A (en) * | 2017-11-30 | 2018-03-23 | 贵州省蚕业研究所 | A kind of multifibres amount, the breeding method of anti-nuclear polyhedrosis silkworm |
| CN114027269A (en) * | 2021-12-07 | 2022-02-11 | 辽宁省蚕业科学研究所 | Low-temperature stress induced resistance breeding method for tussah larva |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN107821342A (en) * | 2017-11-30 | 2018-03-23 | 贵州省蚕业研究所 | A kind of multifibres amount, the breeding method of anti-nuclear polyhedrosis silkworm |
| CN114027269A (en) * | 2021-12-07 | 2022-02-11 | 辽宁省蚕业科学研究所 | Low-temperature stress induced resistance breeding method for tussah larva |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
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| 徐亮等: "柞蚕茧质性状的遗传效应与杂种优势分析", 《蚕业科学》 * |
| 李迎春: "逆境对家蚕影响的研究进展", 《广东蚕业》 * |
| 杨伟克等: "不同温度和饥饿胁迫下琥珀蚕 AaHsp90 基因的表达特征", 《河南农业科学》 * |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116671499A (en) * | 2023-06-28 | 2023-09-01 | 吉林省蚕业科学研究院(吉林省农特产品研究院、吉林省北冬虫夏草研究中心) | Tussah comprehensive hybrid seed creation method |
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| CN114698604B (en) | 2023-07-18 |
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