CN101849529A - Method for breeding high-quality anti-mite bee variety - Google Patents
Method for breeding high-quality anti-mite bee variety Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for breeding a high-quality anti-mite bee variety. The method is characterized by comprising the following steps of: 1) selecting breeding materials, wherein 'jiangshan No.2' Italian bees with relatively high royal jelly yield, France pure Italian bees with high honey production performance and healthy local Chinese bees with high anti-mite performance are selected as species introduction objects according to a series of indexes such as anti-mite performance, productivity and vitality; 2) breeding the anti-mite bee variety, wherein breeding drones are selected from the jiangshan No.2, selecting a bred jiangshan No.2 virgin queen bee according to the requirements of honey bee biology and inheritance breeding characteristics, and performing the artificial fertilization and cross breeding between the breeding drones and the bred jiangshan No.2 virgin queen bee so as to obtain a jiangshan No.2 bee variety with high production performance and disease resistance, using the jiangshan No.2 bee variety as male parents and using the pure Italian bees which are introduced from France and have high honey production performance as female parents; and 3) since breeding starts in spring, detecting and cutting off pupae of the France Italian bees every other 7 days till the breeding ends. The method can solve the problem that bee colonies are jeopardized by bee mites for beekeepers and improve breeding speed of the bee colonies and the yield and the quality of bee products.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the honeybee breeding field, relate to a kind of selection of high-quality anti-mite bee variety kind.
Background technology
The honeybee mite is one of topmost parasitic disease insect pest of honeybee, and it is food by the body fluid of sucking bee larva, honeybee pupa and adult honeybee.Be subjected to the bee colony of honeybee mite harm, bee colony group gesture weakens rapidly, and larva is dead in early days, and it is aptery or wing is incomplete to go out the honeybee in room, makes that honeybee quantity descends in the bee colony, and field bee also reduces gradually, thereby causes colony productivity, vitality to descend simultaneously.Because the reproduction rate of honeybee mite is high, in general bee colony, form pernicious biological chain rupture circulation again, can cause the last destruction of bee colony.90% above Apis mellifera all has acarine disease in various degree in the whole world.
For control in time and treatment honeybee mite, in decades, the bee-keeping practitioner mostly adopts medical treatment, but medical treatment has following harm: (1) honeybee mite easily produces resistance to controlling the mite medicine, reduced the bee colony quality, caused other honeybees sick simultaneously as appearance in succession such as crawl disease of bee; (2) medicine is controlled mite and can only be controlled at the honeybee mite low-levelly, and the bee-keeper must annual control mite 2-3 time with medicine, not only needs fund, also lavishes labor on and the time; (3) medicine is controlled mite easily to the polluting of bee product, and causes the excessive concern of international market to China's bee product medicament residue especially, causes having increased trade barrier and technology barriers.
Apis cerana is the original host of honeybee mite, and the honeybee mite is had stronger resistance.Utilizing the vegetative hybridization technology to come seed selection high-quality anti-mite honeybee kind in conjunction with the breeding method of routine is the effective way that fundamentally solves the harm of honeybee mite.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem that the present invention mainly solves is: can not fundamentally solve honeybee mite problem at said medicine, provide a kind of vegetative hybridization, gamete seed selection, artificial insemination, natural mating mating breeding technology of utilizing to come the anti-mite honeybee of seed selection good quality and high output kind method.
Technical scheme of the present invention is:
Apis mellifera and the strong apis cerana of anti-mite property by gamete breeding technique and artificial fertilization technology's directive breeding high yield royal jelly.Honeybee and Apis mellifera vegetative hybridization technology and natural mating method are cultivated the Apis mellifera queen bee in the utilization.The hybridization number is cultivated high-quality anti-mite Apis mellifera honeybee kind after generation.Wait the Apis mellifera new varieties of an anti-mite of seed selection again by honeybee breeding conventional index detection technique, modern molecular biology technique and biochemistry detection technology.Concrete steps are:
1) the breeding material is selected: according to the requirement of biology of bee and genetic breeding characteristic, according to serial indexs such as anti-mite property, productivity, vitality, we filter out the healthy local apis cerana honeybee kind of higher " No. 2, the rivers and mountains " Apis mellifera of royal jelly production and French purebred Apis mellifera that produces sweet superior performance and anti-mite superior performance for introducing a fine variety object.
2) seed selection of anti-mite honeybee kind: utilize the gamete selection principle to select No. 2 earlier and kind use drone from the rivers and mountains, the requirement of abideing by biology of bee and genetic breeding characteristic then selects No. 2 virgin queen bees in rivers and mountains, carry out artificial insemination hybridization with the kind that selects with drone, form the stronger No. 2 honeybee kinds in rivers and mountains of productivity, disease-resistant performance as male parent.Purebred Apis mellifera with the product honey superior performance introduced from France is a female parent.Select honeybee in the stronger health of anti-mite performance, gather its fresh royal jelly ,-20 ℃ of preservations are standby.
3) numerous since the spring, cut off French Apis mellifera drone pupae every inspection in 7 days, until breeding ends.Make wax Apis mellifera royal cell and put into bee colony cleaning 12h.Move middle larva of bee, produce slurry after 3 days, larva of bee in removing under the situation of not destroying royal jelly moves into French Apis mellifera one day old larva.Put into bee colony and continue to shift out behind the nurture 10-12h, put into No. 2 strong groups in rivers and mountains, every day is with syringe fresh middle honeybee royal jelly of manual injection 50ul in the royal cell, until capping.Vegetative hybridization first filial generation queen bee goes out behind the room with No. 2 drones nature matings in rivers and mountains and lays eggs, and forms new bee colony, detects the natural honeybee mite of its worker bee rate of living away from home.When worker bee nature honeybee mite lives away from home rate greater than 5% the time, get vegetative hybridization first filial generation one day old larva and cultivate second filial, F3, sub four generations vegetative hybridization honeybee kind by above-mentioned breeding method.And cut off first filial generation, second filial and F3 drone pupae every 7 days, until worker bee nature honeybee mite live away from home rate less than 5% till.In like manner, be for No. 2 that female parent, the A of Zhejiang University are that male parent is cultivated " Jiangsu and Zhejiang Provinces Apis mellifera " with the rivers and mountains, using the same method then with " this river Apis mellifera " female parent, " Jiangsu and Zhejiang Provinces Apis mellifera " is that male parent is cultivated " this Jiangsu and Zhejiang Provinces Apis mellifera (F1, Fi represent i generation, down together) ".When under without the medical treatment situation, " this Jiangsu and Zhejiang Provinces Apis mellifera (F1) " bee colony honeybee mite infestationss rate descended 80% o'clock, " this Jiangsu and Zhejiang Provinces Apis mellifera (F1) " being carried out sister hybridization carries out gene and fixes again, in this way, in per generation, carries out sister and hybridizes fixing, through the crosswise fixed and the successive propagation in four generations, when gene no longer changes, promptly form the honeybee strain of an inheritance stability---high-quality anti-mite high yield honeybee kind.
The present invention can solve the harm of honeybee mite to bee colony for the beekeeper, improves the reproduction speed of bee colony and the output and the quality of bee product.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the UPGMA method dendrogram of Nei's;
Fig. 2 is the breeding technique flow chart;
Fig. 3 is the breeding technique route map.
Embodiment
Selecting of breeding material: according to the requirement of biology of bee and genetic breeding characteristic, according to serial indexs such as anti-mite property, productivity, vitality, we filter out the healthy local apis cerana honeybee kind of higher " No. 2, the rivers and mountains " Apis mellifera of royal jelly production and French purebred Apis mellifera that produces sweet superior performance and anti-mite superior performance for introducing a fine variety object.
The seed selection of anti-mite honeybee kind: utilize the gamete selection principle to select No. 2 earlier and kind use drone from the rivers and mountains, the requirement of abideing by biology of bee and genetic breeding characteristic then selects No. 2 virgin queen bees in rivers and mountains, carry out artificial insemination hybridization with the kind that selects with drone, form the stronger No. 2 honeybee kinds in rivers and mountains of productivity, disease-resistant performance as male parent.Purebred Apis mellifera with the product honey superior performance introduced from France is a female parent.Select honeybee in the stronger health of anti-mite performance, gather its fresh royal jelly ,-20 ℃ of preservations are standby.
Numerous since the spring, cut off French Apis mellifera drone pupae every inspection in 7 days, until breeding ends.Make wax Apis mellifera royal cell and put into bee colony cleaning 12h.Move middle larva of bee, produce slurry after 3 days, larva of bee in removing under the situation of not destroying royal jelly moves into French Apis mellifera one day old larva.Put into bee colony and continue to shift out behind the nurture 10-12h, put into No. 2 strong groups in rivers and mountains, every day is with syringe fresh middle honeybee royal jelly of manual injection 50ul in the royal cell, until capping.Vegetative hybridization first filial generation queen bee goes out behind the room with No. 2 drones nature matings in rivers and mountains and lays eggs, and forms new bee colony, detects the natural honeybee mite of its worker bee rate of living away from home.When worker bee nature honeybee mite lives away from home rate greater than 5% the time, get vegetative hybridization first filial generation one day old larva and cultivate second filial, F3, sub four generations vegetative hybridization honeybee kind by above-mentioned breeding method.And cut off first filial generation, second filial and F3 drone pupae every 7 days, until worker bee nature honeybee mite live away from home rate less than 5% till.In like manner, be for No. 2 that female parent, the A of Zhejiang University are that male parent is cultivated " Jiangsu and Zhejiang Provinces Apis mellifera " with the rivers and mountains, using the same method then with " this river Apis mellifera " female parent, " Jiangsu and Zhejiang Provinces Apis mellifera " is that male parent is cultivated " this Jiangsu and Zhejiang Provinces Apis mellifera (F1, Fi represent i generation, down together) ".When under without the medical treatment situation, " this Jiangsu and Zhejiang Provinces Apis mellifera (F1) " bee colony honeybee mite infestationss rate descended 80% o'clock, " this Jiangsu and Zhejiang Provinces Apis mellifera (F1) " being carried out sister hybridization carries out gene and fixes again, in this way, in per generation, carries out sister and hybridizes fixing, through the crosswise fixed and the successive propagation in four generations, when gene no longer changes, promptly form the honeybee strain of an inheritance stability---high-quality anti-mite high yield honeybee kind.
Genetic breeding detects:
1. high-quality anti-mite high yield honeybee kind morphological index and birth weight are measured: the somatometry of physique work in local slurry honeybee, French Apis mellifera, local apis cerana, vegetative hybridization F1, F2, F3 and F4 generation.Be six external form index and birth weight such as kiss length, right front wing length, right front wing width, the 3rd uromere backboard length, brachium index, hamulus number by the standard method testing index.
2. high-quality anti-mite high yield honeybee kind biochemical characteristic research: with this locality slurry honeybee, French Apis mellifera, local apis cerana and vegetative hybridization F1, F4 foundry honeybee is material, genotype, genotype frequency, gene frequency, heterozygosity and the homozygosity of using polypropylene acrylamide gel isoelectric focusing electrophoresis technology for detection worker bee malate dehydrogenase II.
3. high-quality anti-mite high yield honeybee kind microsatellite DNA analysis of genetic diversity: with this locality slurry honeybee, French Apis mellifera, local apis cerana and vegetative hybridization F1, F4 foundry honeybee is experiment material, the dna polymorphism of the above honeybee of utilization microsatellite DNA analysis of genetic diversity technology for detection.
4. high-quality anti-mite high yield honeybee kind reproduction rate, honeybee mite parasitic rate and health behavior are measured: is material with this locality slurry honeybee, French Apis mellifera and vegetative hybridization F1, F4 for bee colony, detects the reproduction rate of each honeybee kind, honeybee mite parasitic rate and health behavior.
5. the anti-pesticidal properties of high-quality anti-mite high yield honeybee kind is measured: is material with this locality slurry honeybee, French Apis mellifera and vegetative hybridization F4 for bee colony, detects the anti-agricultural chemicals characteristic of above honeybee by agricultural chemicals absorption method.
6. test the mensuration of colony productivity: producing season, regularly grouping writes down honey and the royal jelly production of every group of bee colony.
7. the quality testing of honey, royal jelly: whether honey, the royal jelly quality produced with anti-mite Apis mellifera meet national standard, and sampling is sent to bee product inspection center of the Ministry of Agriculture and is carried out index analysis such as moisture, protein, sucrose, uncommon acid in the last of the ten Heavenly stems.
Honeybee kind and the contrast of parent honeybee kind by seed selection of the present invention are as follows:
1, vegetative hybridization son four foundry honeybees and the contrast of parent honeybee kind morphological index:
Annotate: in the table identical index subscript letter identical table differential different not significantly (
P0.05), different letter representations are (P＜0.05) significantly.Down together.
Result: the vegetative hybridization F3 worker bee trend that the honeybee proterties is drawn close in kiss length, right front wing length, right front wing width, right back wing hamulus number and brachium index are all oriented, and above-mentioned five morphological indexs of vegetative hybridization son four foundry honeybees are all less than No. 2 and French Apis mellifera on the parent river, significant difference (
P＜0.05), also significantly greater than middle honeybee; The 3rd uromere backboard long pointer of vegetative hybridization son four foundry honeybees is greater than No. 2, rivers and mountains, French Apis mellifera and apis cerana, significant difference (P＜0.05).
2, the anti-mite property contrast of vegetative hybridization worker bee
The result: vegetative hybridization bee colony worker bee children honeybee honeybee mite live away from home rate and the sub-honeybee mite of the drone capping rate of living away from home of rate, the sub-honeybee mite of worker bee capping of living away from home is significantly higher than the parent rivers and mountains No. 2, and with the increase of vegetative hybridization algebraically, anti-mite property also significantly strengthens.
3, vegetative hybridization worker bee health behavior ability contrast:
The result: worker bee health behavior ability also is significantly higher than the rivers and mountains No. 2, and with the increase of vegetative hybridization algebraically, anti-mite property also significantly strengthens.
4, vegetative hybridization four foundry honeybee reproduction rates in spring contrast unit: 10
The result: vegetative hybridization F1 and F4 all are significantly higher than the parent rivers and mountains No. 2 and apis cerana for bee colony reproduction rate in spring, and F4 is for being significantly higher than F1 for bee colony.
5, vegetative hybridization bee colony productivity contrast unit: case/time
The result: vegetative hybridization F1 and F4 all are higher than local slurry honeybee and apis cerana for bee colony honey and royal jelly output, and F4 is higher than F1 for bee colony for royal jelly output.
6, genetic distance and cluster analysis result
Experimental data is as follows:
The Nei's genetic distance that table 1SSR amplification is calculated
Table1?ThegeneticdistanceofSSR
Result: as shown in Table 1: in vegetative hybridization 1 generation of son and sub 4 generations, draw close to middle honeybee on genetic distance.Fig. 1 shows: it is a class that vegetative hybridization 1 generation of son and sub 4 generations gather, and poly-with the French Apis mellifera of female parent again is a class, and gathering for No. 2 with the male parent rivers and mountains then is a class, and last and apis cerana is poly-to be a class, and it also is consistent that this result fastens with 5 honeybee kind genetic evolutions passes.This shows that middle Apis mellifera vegetative hybridization has produced great influence to the structural gene variation of Apis mellifera.
The present invention, can improve the reproduction speed of bee colony and the output and the quality of bee product for the beekeeper solves the harm of honeybee mite to bee colony, improve beekeeper's income and bee-keeping enthusiasm greatly, promote the benign cycle of Chinese apiculture development, make significant contribution for accelerating to solve the agriculture, rural areas and farmers problem.
The invention process is broken the blockade on new techniques of external honeybee mite, and can save at least and control the tens million of units of mite cost national every year; To significantly reduce bee product simultaneously and pollute, improve the bee product quality, promote the market core competitiveness of Chinese bee product.By applying of anti-mite honeybee kind, improve the economic benefit of national apiculture comprehensively, prediction can directly increase the apiculture output value more than 5,000 ten thousand.
Claims (1)
1. the selection of a high-quality anti-mite bee variety kind, it is characterized in that may further comprise the steps: a) the breeding material is selected: according to serial indexs such as anti-mite property, productivity, vitality, the healthy local apis cerana honeybee kind that filters out higher " No. 2, the rivers and mountains " Apis mellifera of royal jelly production and French purebred Apis mellifera that produces sweet superior performance and anti-mite superior performance is for introducing a fine variety object; B) seed selection of anti-mite honeybee kind: select No. 2 earlier and kind use drone from the rivers and mountains, the requirement of abideing by biology of bee and genetic breeding characteristic then selects No. 2 virgin queen bees in rivers and mountains, carry out artificial insemination hybridization with the kind that selects with drone, form the stronger No. 2 honeybee kinds in rivers and mountains of productivity, disease-resistant performance as male parent; Purebred Apis mellifera with the product honey superior performance introduced from France is a female parent; Select honeybee in the stronger health of anti-mite performance, gather its fresh royal jelly ,-20 ℃ of preservations are standby; C) numerous since the spring, cut off French Apis mellifera drone pupae every inspection in 7 days, until breeding ends; Make wax Apis mellifera royal cell and put into bee colony cleaning 12h; Move middle larva of bee, produce slurry after 3 days, larva of bee in removing under the situation of not destroying royal jelly moves into French Apis mellifera one day old larva; Put into bee colony and continue to shift out behind the nurture 10-12h, put into No. 2 strong groups in rivers and mountains, every day is with syringe fresh middle honeybee royal jelly of manual injection 50ul in the royal cell, until capping; Vegetative hybridization first filial generation queen bee goes out behind the room with No. 2 drones nature matings in rivers and mountains and lays eggs, and forms new bee colony, detects the natural honeybee mite of its worker bee rate of living away from home; When worker bee nature honeybee mite lives away from home rate greater than 5% the time, get vegetative hybridization first filial generation one day old larva and cultivate second filial, F3, sub four generations vegetative hybridization honeybee kind by above-mentioned breeding method; And cut off first filial generation, second filial and F3 drone pupae every 7 days, until worker bee nature honeybee mite live away from home rate less than 5% till; In like manner, be for No. 2 that female parent, the A of Zhejiang University are that male parent is cultivated " Jiangsu and Zhejiang Provinces Apis mellifera " with the rivers and mountains, using the same method with " this river Apis mellifera " female parent, " Jiangsu and Zhejiang Provinces Apis mellifera " then is that male parent is cultivated " this Jiangsu and Zhejiang Provinces Apis mellifera "; When under without the medical treatment situation, " this Jiangsu and Zhejiang Provinces Apis mellifera " bee colony honeybee mite infestationss rate descended 80% o'clock, " this Jiangsu and Zhejiang Provinces Apis mellifera " being carried out sister hybridization carries out gene and fixes again, in this way, in per generation, carries out sister and hybridizes fixing, through the crosswise fixed and the successive propagation in four generations, when gene no longer changes, promptly form the high-quality anti-mite high yield honeybee kind of an inheritance stability.
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| CN103283683A (en) * | 2013-05-25 | 2013-09-11 | 兰溪市花言蜜坊农业科技有限公司 | Method for breeding special pollination apis cerana |
| CN103931567A (en) * | 2014-04-25 | 2014-07-23 | 湖南蜜蜂哥哥蜂业有限公司 | Elite breeding method for apis cerana in southern area of China |
| CN103960202A (en) * | 2014-05-09 | 2014-08-06 | 陈荣达 | Method for breeding hybrid queen bee |
| CN104285904A (en) * | 2014-09-29 | 2015-01-21 | 侯玉德 | Method for cultivating queen bees |
| CN105875509A (en) * | 2014-11-21 | 2016-08-24 | 重庆花寨蜜蜂养殖专业合作社 | Breeding technology Chinese honeybee fine varieties |
| CN106818649A (en) * | 2017-02-03 | 2017-06-13 | 宣威市科维农业科技有限公司 | The method of artificial culture queen bee |
| CN107041340A (en) * | 2017-05-18 | 2017-08-15 | 武汉市华明达蜂业有限公司 | A kind of mating system of the high anti-honeybee of high yield |
| CN110402897A (en) * | 2019-08-01 | 2019-11-05 | 吉林省养蜂科学研究所（吉林省蜂产品质量管理监督站、吉林省蜜蜂遗传资源基因保护中心） | A kind of method of bee queen bee in cultivation |
| CN113080141A (en) * | 2021-03-29 | 2021-07-09 | 范正红 | Method for breeding Chinese bees in Qinling mountain area in group-expanding manner by adding super |
| CN113615648A (en) * | 2021-09-16 | 2021-11-09 | 武汉市华明达蜂业有限公司 | Breeding method of high-yield disease-resistant cold-resistant bees |
| CN113678794A (en) * | 2021-10-26 | 2021-11-23 | 中国农业科学院蜜蜂研究所 | Breeding method, device and application of bee mite-resistant bee species |
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| CN103283683A (en) * | 2013-05-25 | 2013-09-11 | 兰溪市花言蜜坊农业科技有限公司 | Method for breeding special pollination apis cerana |
| CN103931567A (en) * | 2014-04-25 | 2014-07-23 | 湖南蜜蜂哥哥蜂业有限公司 | Elite breeding method for apis cerana in southern area of China |
| CN103931567B (en) * | 2014-04-25 | 2016-03-23 | 湖南蜜蜂哥哥蜂业有限公司 | The method of honeybee stock breeding in a kind of south China |
| CN103960202A (en) * | 2014-05-09 | 2014-08-06 | 陈荣达 | Method for breeding hybrid queen bee |
| CN103960202B (en) * | 2014-05-09 | 2016-04-27 | 陈荣达 | Hybridization queen breeding method |
| CN104285904A (en) * | 2014-09-29 | 2015-01-21 | 侯玉德 | Method for cultivating queen bees |
| CN105875509A (en) * | 2014-11-21 | 2016-08-24 | 重庆花寨蜜蜂养殖专业合作社 | Breeding technology Chinese honeybee fine varieties |
| CN106818649A (en) * | 2017-02-03 | 2017-06-13 | 宣威市科维农业科技有限公司 | The method of artificial culture queen bee |
| CN107041340A (en) * | 2017-05-18 | 2017-08-15 | 武汉市华明达蜂业有限公司 | A kind of mating system of the high anti-honeybee of high yield |
| CN110402897A (en) * | 2019-08-01 | 2019-11-05 | 吉林省养蜂科学研究所（吉林省蜂产品质量管理监督站、吉林省蜜蜂遗传资源基因保护中心） | A kind of method of bee queen bee in cultivation |
| CN113080141A (en) * | 2021-03-29 | 2021-07-09 | 范正红 | Method for breeding Chinese bees in Qinling mountain area in group-expanding manner by adding super |
| CN113080141B (en) * | 2021-03-29 | 2023-05-23 | 范正红 | Group-expanding potential breeding method for Chinese bees in Qinling mountain area by adding relay boxes |
| CN113615648A (en) * | 2021-09-16 | 2021-11-09 | 武汉市华明达蜂业有限公司 | Breeding method of high-yield disease-resistant cold-resistant bees |
| CN113678794A (en) * | 2021-10-26 | 2021-11-23 | 中国农业科学院蜜蜂研究所 | Breeding method, device and application of bee mite-resistant bee species |
| CN114794024A (en) * | 2022-04-28 | 2022-07-29 | 云南省农业科学院蚕桑蜜蜂研究所 | Method for constructing artificial population of bombus brevifilis |
| CN114794024B (en) * | 2022-04-28 | 2024-05-28 | 云南省农业科学院蚕桑蜜蜂研究所 | Method for constructing artificial population of bumblebee |
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